組胚英語詞匯 總結

序言Introductionhistology胚胎學embryology組織學developmentofhuman人體發(fā)生學fixation固定hematoxylin蘇木精eosin伊紅basophilia嗜堿性acidophilia嗜酸性neutrophilia中性confocallaserscanningmicroscope激光共聚焦顯微鏡electronmicroscope電子顯微鏡transmissionelectronmicroscope透射電子顯微鏡scanningelectronmicroscope掃描電子顯微鏡histochemistry組織化學Feulgenreaction福爾根反應immunohistochemistry免疫組織化學insituhybridization原位雜交invitroculture體外培養(yǎng)testtubebaby試管嬰兒invitrofertilizetionandembryontransfer體外受精與胚胎移植intractoplssmicsperminjection第二代試管嬰兒clone克隆embryonicstemcell胚胎干細胞self-renew自我更新diffrentiation分化tissueengineering組織工程第一章cell細胞cellmembrane細胞膜unitmembrane單位膜fluid-mosaicmodel“液態(tài)鑲嵌模型”integratedprotein整合蛋白peripheralprotein外周蛋白intrinsicprotein內(nèi)在蛋白extrinsicprotein外在蛋白cellcoat細胞衣carrierprotein載體蛋白endocytosis胞吞作用phagocytosis吞噬作用exocytosis胞吐作用signaltransduction信息跨膜傳導receptor受體cytoplasm細胞質(zhì)cytosol細胞液cytoplasmicmatrix細胞基質(zhì)organelles細胞器mitochondria線粒體elementaryparticle基粒ribosome核糖體polyribosome多聚核糖體endoplasmicreticulum,ER內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)roughendoplasmicreticulum,rER粗面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)smoothendoplasmicreticulum,sER滑面內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)Golgicomplex高爾基復合體cisGolginetwork,CGN順面高爾基網(wǎng)formingface生成面cisfaceoftheGolgicomplex順面transfaceoftheGolgicomplex反面transGolginetwork,TGN反面高爾基復合體matureface成熟面lysosome溶酶體primarylysosome初級溶酶體secondarylysosome次級溶酶體peroxisome過氧化物酶體microbody微體centrosome中心體centrioles中心粒inclusions包涵物secretorygranule分泌顆粒glycogengranule糖原顆粒lipiddroplet脂滴cytoskeleton細胞骨架microfilament微絲actin球狀肌動蛋白原microtubule微管tubulin微管蛋白intermediatefilament中間絲keratinfilament角蛋白絲desminfilament結蛋白絲vimentinfilament波形蛋白絲neurofilament神經(jīng)絲neurogliafilament神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)絲nucleus細胞核nuclearenvelope核膜（核被膜）nuclearpore核孔chromatin染色質(zhì)euchromatin常染色質(zhì)heterochromatin異染色質(zhì)chromosome染色體euchromosome常染色體sexchromosome性染色體Barrbody巴爾小體nucleosome核小體gene基因nucleolus核仁nuclearskeleton核骨架cellcycle細胞周期interphaseperiod分裂間期endcell終末細胞celldivision細胞分裂amitosis無絲分裂mitosis有絲分裂prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期meiosis減數(shù)分裂第二章Epithelialtissueepithelium上皮polarity極性coveringepithelium被覆上皮simplesquamous內(nèi)皮mesothelium間皮simplecuboidalepithelium單層立方上皮simplecolumnarepithelium單層柱狀上皮gobletcell杯狀細胞mucinogengranule粘原顆粒simpleciliatedcolumnarepithelium單層纖毛柱狀上皮pseudostratifiedcilatedcolunarepithelium假復層纖毛柱狀上皮stratifiedsquamnousepithelium復層扁平上皮pseudostratifiedcolumnarepithelium假復層柱狀上皮stratifiedsquamousepithelium復層扁平上皮stratifiedcolunarepithelium復層柱狀上皮transitionalepithelium變移上皮glandularepithelium腺上皮exocrinegland外分泌腺endocrinegland內(nèi)分泌腺acinus腺泡simplegland單腺compoundgland復腺protein-secretingcell蛋白質(zhì)分泌細胞serouscell漿液性細胞glycoprotein-secretingcell糖蛋白分泌細胞mucoproteinmucin粘蛋白mucus粘液mucouscell粘液性細胞steroidsecretingcell類固醇分泌細胞microvillus微絨毛striatedborder紋狀緣brushborder刷狀緣terminalweb終末網(wǎng)cilium纖毛basalbody基體dynein動力蛋白celljuction細胞連接tightjuction緊密連接zonulaoccludens閉鎖小帶intermediatejuction中間連接zonulaadherens粘著小帶desmosome橋粒maculaadherens粘著斑gapjunction縫隙連接communicationjunction通訊連接junctionalcomplex連接復合體basementmembrane基膜basallamina基板reticularlamina網(wǎng)板laminalucide透明層laminadensa致密層laminin粘連蛋白hemidesmosome半橋粒plasmamembraneinfolding質(zhì)膜內(nèi)褶第四章4cartilageandbonecatilage軟骨hyalinecartilage透明軟骨chondrocyte軟骨細胞catilagelacuna軟骨陷窩isogenousgroup同源細胞群cartilagecapsule軟骨囊perichondrium軟骨膜interstitialgrowth間質(zhì)生長appositionalgrowth外加生長fibrouscartilage纖維軟骨osseoustissue骨組織bonematrix骨基質(zhì)osteocalcin骨鈣蛋白osteopontin骨橋蛋白bonelamella骨板osteogeniccell骨原細胞osteonectin骨粘連蛋白osteoblast成骨細胞osteoid類骨質(zhì)matrixvesicle基質(zhì)小泡osteocyte骨細胞bonelacuna骨陷窩osteoclast破骨細胞ruffledborder皺褶緣bonemarrow骨髓spongybone骨松質(zhì)compactbone骨密質(zhì)circumferentiallamella環(huán)骨板osteon骨單位Haversiansystem哈弗系統(tǒng)Volkmanncanal?？寺躊erformingcanal穿通管centralcanal中央管cementline粘合線Sharpey’sfiber夏皮纖維intertitiallamella間骨板periosteum骨外膜endosteum骨內(nèi)膜intramembranousossifcation膜內(nèi)成骨osteogenesis骨發(fā)生ossificationcenter骨化中心endochondralossification軟骨內(nèi)成骨bonecollar骨領第五章blood血液plasma血漿serum血清erythrocyte紅細胞redbloodcell紅細胞hemoglobin,Hb血紅蛋白deformability形態(tài)的可變性erythrocytemembraneskeleton紅細胞膜骨架spectrin血影蛋白hemolysis溶血ghost血影reticulocyte網(wǎng)織紅細胞leukocyte白細胞whitebloodcell白細胞neutrophilicgranulocyte中性粒細胞neutrophil中性粒細胞eosinophilicgranulocyte嗜酸性粒細胞eosibophil嗜酸性粒細胞basophilicgranulocyte嗜堿性粒細胞basophil嗜堿性粒細胞monocyte單核細胞lymphocyte淋巴細胞thymusdependentlymphocyte胸腺依賴淋巴細胞bonemarrowdependentlymphocyte骨髓依賴淋巴細胞naturekillercell自然殺傷細胞bloodplatelet血小板granulomere顆粒區(qū)hyalomere透明區(qū)plateletderivedgrowthfactor,PDGF血小板源性生長因子thrombospondin凝血酶敏感蛋白hemopoiesis血發(fā)生redbonemarrow紅骨髓yellowbonemarrow黃骨髓hemopoieticinductivemicroenvironment,HIM造血誘導微環(huán)境stromalcell基質(zhì)細胞erythroblasticislet幼紅細胞島hemopoieticstemcell造血干細胞multipotentialstemcell多能干細胞spleencolony脾集落clone克隆colonyformingunit,CFU-S脾集落生成單位hemopoieticprogenitor造血祖細胞committedstemcell定向干細胞colonystimulatingfactor,CSF集落刺激因子erythropoietin,EPO紅細胞生成素colonyformingunitgranulocytemonocyte,CFU-GM粒-單核細胞集落生成單位thrombopoietin血小板生成素proerythroblast原紅細胞第六章6muscletissuemusclefiber肌纖維sarcolemma肌膜sarcoplasm肌漿myofilament肌絲skeletalmuscle骨骼肌endomysium肌內(nèi)膜epimysium肌外膜perimysium肌束膜myofibril肌原纖維crossstriation橫紋sarcomere肌節(jié)thickmyoflilament粗肌絲myosin肌球蛋白crossbridge橫橋actin肌動蛋白tropomyosin原肌球蛋白troponin肌鈣蛋白transversetubule橫小管sarcoplasmicreticulum肌漿網(wǎng)longitudinaltubule縱小管terminalcisternae終池triad三聯(lián)體cardiacmuscle心肌intercalateddisk閏管diad二聯(lián)體smoothmuscle平滑肌caveola小凹densepatch密斑denasebody密體intermediatedfilament中間絲第七章nervetissue神經(jīng)組織nervecell神經(jīng)細胞neuroglialcell神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細胞neuron神經(jīng)元dendrite樹突axon軸突excitablemembrane可興奮膜ionicchannel離子通道voltage-gatedchannel電位門控通道chemically-gatedchannel化學門控通道perikaryon核周體Nisslbody尼氏體neurofibril神經(jīng)原纖維neurotransmitter神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)neuromodulator神經(jīng)調(diào)質(zhì)neurofilament神經(jīng)絲cytoskeleton細胞骨架secretoryneuron分泌神經(jīng)元dendriticspine樹突棘spineapparatus棘器axonhillock軸丘axolemma軸膜axoplasm軸質(zhì)axonaltransport軸突運輸anterogradeaxonaltransport順向軸突運輸retrogradeaxonaltransport逆向軸突運輸pseudounipolarneuron假單極神經(jīng)元peripheralprocess周圍突centralprocess中樞突bipolarneuron雙極神經(jīng)元multipolarneuron多極神經(jīng)元sensoryneuron感覺神經(jīng)元afferentneuron傳入神經(jīng)元motorneuron運動神經(jīng)元efferentneuron傳出神經(jīng)元GolgitypeIneuron高爾基I型神經(jīng)元GolgitypeIIneuron高爾基II型神經(jīng)元interneuron中間神經(jīng)元cholinergicneuron膽堿能神經(jīng)元aminergicneuron胺能神經(jīng)元aminoacidnergicneuron氨基酸能神經(jīng)元peptidergicneuron肽能神經(jīng)元synapse突觸chemicalsynapse化學突觸electricalsynapse電突觸presynapticelement突觸前成分synapticcleft突觸間隙postsynapticelement突觸后成分presynapticmembrane突觸前膜postsynapticmembrane突觸后膜synapticknob突觸小體synapticbouton突觸扣結synapticvesicle突觸小泡synapsin突觸素denseprojection錐體致密突起glialcell膠質(zhì)細胞astrocyte星型膠質(zhì)細胞fibrousastrocyte纖維性星型膠質(zhì)細胞glialfilament膠質(zhì)絲glialfibrillaryacidicprotin,GFAP膠質(zhì)原纖維酸性蛋白protoplasmicastrocyte原漿性星型膠質(zhì)細胞endfeet腳板gliallimitans膠質(zhì)界膜neurotrophicfactor神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子oligodendrocyte少突膠質(zhì)細胞myelin-associatedglycoprotein,MAG髓磷質(zhì)連結糖蛋白microglialcell小膠質(zhì)細胞ependymalcell室管膜細胞ependyma室管膜tanycyte伸長細胞neurolemmalcell神經(jīng)膜細胞Schwanncell施萬細胞satellitecell衛(wèi)星細胞nervefiber神經(jīng)纖維myelinatednervefiber有髓神經(jīng)纖維Ranviernode朗飛結internode結間體Schmidt-Lantermannincisure施-蘭切痕myelin髓磷質(zhì)nerve神經(jīng)endoneurium神經(jīng)內(nèi)膜perineurium神經(jīng)束膜perineuralepithelium神經(jīng)束膜上皮epineurium神經(jīng)外膜nerveganglion神經(jīng)節(jié)cerebrospinalganglion腦脊神經(jīng)節(jié)vegetativeganglion植物性神經(jīng)節(jié)principalganglioncell主節(jié)細胞smallintenselyfluorescenecell,SIF細胞小強熒光細胞nerveending神經(jīng)末梢sensorynerveending感覺神經(jīng)末梢freenerveending游離神經(jīng)末梢encapsulatednerveending有被膜神經(jīng)末梢tactilecorpuscle,Meissner小體觸覺小體lamellarcorpuscle,Pacinian小體musclespindle肌梭intrafusalmusclefiber梭內(nèi)肌纖維motornerveending運動神經(jīng)末梢somaticmotornerveending軀體運動神經(jīng)末梢motorunit運動單位motorendplate運動終板neuromuscularjuction肌-神經(jīng)連接visceralmotornerveending內(nèi)臟神經(jīng)末梢varicosity串珠樣膨體brain腦spinalcord脊髓greymatter灰質(zhì)whitematter白質(zhì)cortex皮質(zhì)Renshawcell任肖細胞pyramidalcell錐體細胞fusiformcell梭形細胞granularcell顆粒細胞horizontalcell水平細胞stellatecell衛(wèi)星細胞basketcell籃狀細胞molecularlayer分子層externalgranularlayer外顆粒層externalpyramidallayer外錐體細胞層internalgranularlayer內(nèi)顆粒層internalpyramidallayer內(nèi)錐體細胞層polymorphiclayer多形細胞層Purkinjecell浦肯野細胞molecularlayer分子層stellatecell衛(wèi)星細胞basketcell籃狀細胞Purkinjecelllayer浦肯野細胞層granularlayer顆粒層climbingfiber攀緣纖維mossyfiber苔蘚纖維cerebellarglomerulus小腦小球duramater硬膜arachnoid蛛網(wǎng)膜piamater軟膜perivascularspace血管周隙blood-brainbarrier,BBB血-腦屏障第八章8circulatorysystemcapillary毛細血管pericyte周細胞continuouscapillary連續(xù)毛細血管fenestrastedcapillary有孔毛細血管sinusoid血竇sinusoidcapillary竇狀毛細血管discontinuouscapillary連續(xù)毛細血管capillarypermeability毛細血管通透性medium-sizedartery中動脈muscularartery肌性動脈tunicaintima內(nèi)膜plasmalemmavesicle質(zhì)膜小泡endothelin內(nèi)皮素subenotheliallayer內(nèi)皮下層internalelasticmembrane內(nèi)彈性膜tunicamedia中膜tunicaadventitia外膜externalelasticmembrane外彈性膜largeartery大動脈elasticartery彈性動脈smallartery小動脈arteride微動脈venule微靜脈postcapillaryvenule毛細血管后微靜脈smallvein小靜脈medium-sizedvein中靜脈largevein大靜脈valvesofvein靜脈瓣microcirculation微靜脈precapillaryarteriole毛細血管前微靜脈metarteriole中間微靜脈truecapillary真毛細血管precapillarysphincter毛細血管前括約肌thoroughfarechannel直捷通路arteriovenousanatomosis動靜脈吻合vasavasorum營養(yǎng)血管neuropeotideY神經(jīng)肽Yvasoactiveintestinalpeptide血管活性腸肽calcitoningene-relatedpeptide降鈣素基因相關肽endocardium心內(nèi)膜subendocardiallayer心內(nèi)膜下層myocardium心肌膜cardiacskeleton心骨骼arterialnatriureticpeptide心房鈉尿肽epicardium心外膜serousmembrane漿膜cardialvalve心瓣膜pacemakercell起搏細胞transitionalcell移行細胞Purkinjecell浦肯野纖維lymphaticcapillary毛細淋巴管lymphaticvessel淋巴管lymphaticduct淋巴導管第九章immunesystem免疫系統(tǒng)lymphoidorgan淋巴器官lymphoidtissue淋巴組織lymphocyte淋巴細胞nonselfcell異體細胞thymusdependentlympgocyte胸腺依賴淋巴細胞Thelpcell,Th輔助T細胞Tsuppresscell,Ts抑制T細胞Tcytotoxicity,Tc細胞毒T細胞targetcell靶細胞bonemarrowdependentlymphocyte骨髓依賴淋巴細胞plasmacell漿細胞largegranularlymphocyte,LGL大顆粒淋巴細胞killercell,K細胞殺傷細胞naturekillercell,NK細胞自然殺傷細胞reticulartissue網(wǎng)狀組織microphage巨噬細胞interdigitatingcell交錯突細胞folliculardendriticcell濾泡樹突狀細胞diffuselymphoidtissue彌散淋巴組織highendothelialvenule高內(nèi)皮微靜脈lymphoidnodule淋巴小結lymphoidfollicle淋巴濾泡germinalcenter生發(fā)中心primarylymphoidnodule初級淋巴小結secondarylymphoidnodule刺激淋巴小結centrallymphoidorgan中樞淋巴器官thymus胸腺bonemarrow骨髓bursaofFabricius腔上囊lymphoidstemcell淋巴干細胞peripherallymphoidorgan周圍淋巴器官lymphnode淋巴結spleen脾tonsil扁桃體immuneresponse免疫應答lymphocyticactivation淋巴細胞活化cloneexpansion克隆增殖capsule被膜septum胸腺隔incompletelobules不完全小葉thymicstromalcell胸腺基質(zhì)細胞thymocyte,T細胞胸腺細胞microenvironment微環(huán)境thymicepithelialcell胸腺上皮細胞keratinfilament角蛋白絲cortex皮質(zhì)subcapsuleepithelialcell被膜下上皮細胞stellateepithelialcell衛(wèi)星上皮細胞thymicnursecell胸腺哺育細胞apoptosis調(diào)亡medulla髓質(zhì)medullaryepithelialcell髓質(zhì)上皮細胞thymiccorpuscleepithelialcell胸腺小體上皮細胞thymiccorpuscle胸腺小體Hassall'scorpuscles哈塞爾小體thymopoietin胸腺生成素thymosin胸腺素blood-thymusbarrier血-胸腺屏障afferentlymphaticvessel輸入淋巴管hilum淋巴結門efferentlymphaticvessel輸出淋巴管trabecula小梁peripheralcortex淺層皮質(zhì)germinalcenter生發(fā)中心darkzone暗區(qū)lightzone明區(qū)cap小結帽paracorticalzone副皮質(zhì)區(qū)thymusdependentarea胸腺依賴區(qū)lymphoidsinus皮質(zhì)淋巴竇subcapsularsinuses被膜下淋巴竇peritrabecularsinuses小梁周竇endothelialcell內(nèi)皮細胞lymphoidcord淋巴索medullarycord髓索medullarysinus髓竇recirculationoflymphocyte淋巴細胞再循環(huán)spleen脾whitepulp白髓periarteriallymphaticsheath動脈周圍淋巴鞘centralartery中央動脈spleniccorpuscle脾小結redpulp紅髓splenicsinusoid脾竇spleniccord脾索marginalzone邊緣區(qū)trabecularartery小梁動脈penicillararteriole筆毛微動脈pulparteriole髓微動脈sheathedarteriole鞘微動脈arterialcapillary動脈毛細血管pulpvenule髓微靜脈trabecularvein小梁微靜脈lymphoepithelialtissue淋巴上皮組織microfoldcell微皺褶細胞mononuclearphagocytesystem,MPS單核吞噬細胞系統(tǒng)第十章10skinepidermis表皮stratumbasale基底層keratinfilament角蛋白絲tonofilament張力絲stratumspinosum棘層lamellatedgranule板層顆粒stratumgranulosum顆粒層keratohyalingranule透明角質(zhì)顆粒stratumcorneum角質(zhì)層melanosome黑素體melanocyte黑素細胞melanin黑色素melaningranule黑素顆粒Langerhenscell朗格漢斯細胞Birbeckgranule伯貝克顆粒Merkel’scell梅克爾細胞dermis真皮papillarylayer乳頭層reticularlayer網(wǎng)織層hypodermis皮下組織hair毛hairshaft毛干hairroot毛根hairbuld毛球hairfollicle毛囊hairmatrixcell毛母質(zhì)細胞arrectorpilimuscle立毛肌sebum皮脂sebaceousgland皮脂腺sweatgland汗腺eccrinesweatgland外泌汗腺apocrinesweatgland頂泌汗腺nail指（趾）甲第十一章endocrinesystem內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)hormone激素paracrine旁分泌targetorgan靶器官targencell靶細胞thyroidgland甲狀腺follicle甲狀腺濾泡colloid膠質(zhì)thyroidhormone甲狀腺激素parafollicularcell濾泡旁細胞calcitonin降鈣素parathyroidgland甲狀旁腺chiefcell主細胞parathyroidhormone甲狀旁腺素acidophiliccell嗜酸性細胞adrenalgland腎上腺zonaglomerulosa球狀帶mineralocorticoid鹽皮質(zhì)激素aldosterone醛固酮zonafasciculata束狀帶glucocorticoid糖皮質(zhì)激素cortisol皮質(zhì)醇zonareticularis網(wǎng)狀帶chromaffincell嗜鉻細胞epinephrine腎上腺素norepinephrine去甲腎上腺素hypophysis腦垂體parsdistalis遠側(cè)部chromophil嗜色細胞chromophobe嫌色細胞acidophil嗜酸性細胞somatotropiccell生長激素細胞somatotropin生長激素growthhormone,GH生長激素mammotropiccell催乳激素細胞mammotropin催乳激素prolactin催乳激素basophil嗜堿性細胞thyrotropiccell促甲狀腺激素細胞thyrotropin促甲狀腺激素thyroidstimulatinghormone,TSH促甲狀腺激素corticotropiccell促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素細胞corticotropin促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素adrenocorticotrophichormone,ACTH促腎上腺皮質(zhì)激素lipotropichormone,LPH促脂素gonadotropiccell促性腺激素細胞folliclestimulatinghormone,FSH卵泡刺激素luteinizinghormone,LH黃體生成素interstitialcellstimulatinghormone,ICSH間質(zhì)細胞刺激素parsintermedia中間部melanocytestimulatinghormone,MSH黑色素細胞刺激素parstuberalis結節(jié)部hypophysealportalsystem垂體門脈系統(tǒng)releasinghormone,RH釋放激素releasinginhibitinghormone,RIH釋放抑制激素Herringbody赫林體pituicyte垂體細胞antidiuretichormone,ADH抗利尿激素oxytocin縮宮素（催產(chǎn)素）vasopressin加壓素pinealbody松果體pinealocyte松果體細胞melatonin褪黑激素synapticribbon突觸帶brainsand腦砂amineprecursoruptakinganddecarboxylationcell,APUDcell攝取胺前體脫羧細胞diffuseneuroendocrinesystem,DNES彌散神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)第十二章12digestivetractmucosa粘膜laminapropria固有層musularismucosa粘膜肌層muscularis肌層adventitia外膜fibrosa纖維膜serosa漿膜filiformpapillae絲狀乳頭fungiformpapillae菌狀乳頭circumvallatepapillae輪廓乳頭tastebud味蕾dentin牙本質(zhì)dentialtubule牙本質(zhì)小管dentinalfiber牙本質(zhì)纖維odontoblast成牙本質(zhì)細胞cementum牙骨質(zhì)enamel釉質(zhì)dentalpulp牙髓peridentalmembrane牙周膜gingival牙齦gastricarea胃小區(qū)gastricpit胃小凹surfacemucouscell表面粘液細胞fundicglan