英語設計方案報告格式

英文試驗匯報格式和寫法【轉】-10-0406:03一份最標準試驗匯報格式：abstractintroductionmethodresultsdiscussionconclusionreference分別來分享下最近學到。。abstract摘要摘要，就是整篇文章摘出來要。強烈提議整篇文章寫完后再寫摘要。把文章每個部分選部分句子出來就能夠拼湊成一個abstract了。一個abstract模板：一兩句話說明這個試驗關鍵理論依據(jù)，或試驗需要證實假說。2一兩句話說一下這個理論或假說相關研究。3兩三句話描述一下試驗4兩三句話概括一下試驗結果5一句話說一個結論，解釋一下這個試驗意義或結果關鍵性轉一個她人example:doesachild’sfocuscorrelatewithbarometricpressure?ifso,doesitcorrelatepositivelyornegatively?tucker(1999)hypothesizedanegativecorrelation,butthisassertionhasneverbeentested.ourteamusedthemishacpttomeasurethefocusofagroupof150third-gradestudents.wedividedthestudentsintothreegroupsof50students.onegrouptookthemishacptwhenbarometricpressurewaslow,anothergrouptookitwhenbarometricpressurewasneutral,andthefinalgrouptookitwhenbarometricpressurewashigh.theresultsfoundthatchildrenfocusedsignificantlybetterwhenbarometricpressurewaslowthanwhenbarometricpressurewasneutralorhigh.theresultssuggestthatwhendiagnosingadhd,practitionersshouldgivethecptwhenbarometricpressureisroductionintroduction以試驗目標為開頭，解釋一下這個試驗需要證實東西。具體試驗目標視全篇試驗匯報長度而定，幾段到幾頁全部有。試驗目標寫完后介紹試驗基礎理論。介紹一下前人或文件里相近相關試驗，寫一下她們結果和不到位地方。（well,假如是學校安排每十二個月全部要做試驗就寫寫類似相關試驗優(yōu)劣吧），這部分注意寫reference。然后介紹一下試驗過程。假如試驗用了部分很見儀器，也能夠在這個部分做一個簡明介紹。再轉一篇我認為寫得很好introductionexampleintroductioninthislab,weexplorethetheoryofoptimalforagingandthetheoryofcentralplaceforagingusingbeaversasthemodelanimal.foragingreferstothemammalianbehaviorassociatedwithsearchingforfood.theoptimalforagingtheoryassumesthatanimalsfeedinawaythatmaximizestheirnetrateofenergyintakeperunittime(pykeetal.1977).ananimalmayeithermaximizeitsdailyenergyintake(energymaximizer)orminimizethetimespentfeeding(timeminimizer)inordertomeetminimumthecentralplacetheoryisusedtodescribeanimalsthatcollectfoodandstoreitinafixedlocationintheirhomerange,thecentralplace(jenkins1980).thefactorsassociatedwiththeoptimalforagingtheoryalsoapplytothecentralplacetheory.thecentralplacetheorypredictsthatretrievalcostsincreaselinearlywithdistanceoftheresourcefromthecentralplace(rockwoodandhubbell1987).centralplacefeedersareveryselectivewhenchoosingfoodthatisfarfromthecentralplacesincetheyhavetospendtimeandenergyhaulingitbacktothestoragesite(schoener1979).themainobjectiveofthislabwastodeterminebeaver(castorcanadensis)foodselectionbasedontreespecies,size,anddistance.sincebeaversareenergymaximizers(jenkins1980,belovsky1984)andcentralplacefeeders(mcginleyandwhitam1985),theymakeanexcellenttestanimalfortheoptimalforagingtheory.beaverseatseveralkindsofherbaceousplantsaswellastheleaves,twigs,andbarkofmostspeciesofwoodyplantsthatgrownearwater(jenkinsandbusher1979).byexaminingthetreesthatarechewedornot-chewedinthebeavers’homerange,anaccurateassessmentoffoodpreferencesamongtreespeciesmaybegained(jenkins1975).thepurposeofthislabwastolearnabouttheoptimalforagingtheory.wewantedtoknowifbeaversputtheoptimalforagingtheoryintoactionwhenselectingfood.wehypothesizedthatthebeaversinthisstudywillchoosetreesthataresmallincircumferenceandclosesttothewater.sincetheenergyyieldoftreespeciesmayvarysignificantly,wealsohypothesizedthatbeaverswillshowapreferenceforsomespeciesoftreesoverothersregardlessofcircumferencesizeordistancefromthecentralarea.theoptimalforagingtheoryandcentralplacetheoryleadustopredictthatbeavers,likemostherbivores,willmaximizetheirnetrateofenergyintakeperunittime.inordertomaximizeenergy,beaverswillchoosetreesthatareclosesttotheircentralplace(thewater)andrequiretheleastretrievalcost.sincebeaversaretryingtomaximizeenergy,wehypothesizedthattheywilltendtoselectsomespeciesoftreesoverothersonthebasisofnutritionalvalue.methods這部分通常包含material和procedure兩個部分。material：具體寫出試驗用到材料，設備，器材。像下面這么是不夠詳盡：chromatographylightbulbs比較一下下面：lc-10avpplushigh-performanceliquidchromatography24incandescent60wlightbulbsarrangedina6*4rectangularmatrix(seefigure2)dellprecisiont7500(xeonx55502.66ghz,6gbram,64bitwindows7professional)另外，假如試驗對象中有些人話，介紹人數(shù)，群體背景。用subjects來稱呼。比如subjectswetested150third-gradestudentschosenatrandomfromapoolof346applicantsfromeightlondonpublicandprivateelementaryschools.thestudentsrepresentedafairlywiderangeofeconomicbackgrounds.allagreedtoparticipateinourstudyinexchangefora25poundsgiftcertificatefromalocaltoycedure具體寫出每一步步驟。不要虛構理想化試驗，不要夸大某個過程如實敘述即可。假如步驟比較多就用數(shù)字標出每一步。example:t=mr(g-a),whereaistheaccelerationofthemass.iftheassumptionholdsthattheonlyfrictionaffectingthepotentiometerwasconstantcoulombfriction,theneachmasswouldundergoaconstantacceleration.thepotentiometermeasuredvoltageversustimeforthemassesastheydropped,butthemeasurementofinteresttouswaspositionversustime.forthatreason,a‘calibration’wasperformedbeforewemeasuredanydata.inthecalibration,thepotentiometer’sinitialvoltagewasmeasured.thenthestringwaspulledasetdistance(2inches),andthevoltagewasrecorded.thisprocessofpullingthestringasetdistanceandrecordingthevoltagecontinuedanothertwotimes(seeappendixafortheresults).todeterminetherelationshipbetweenvoltageandposition,thedifferencesinthevoltageswereaveragedanddividedbythelength.theresultingrelationshipwas0.9661volts/inch.fivedifferentmasseswereusedtotesttheassumptionofconstantacceleration.foreachmass,thestringwasrolledupontheshaft,theoscilloscopewastriggered,andtheshaftwasreleased.aseachmassdropped,theoscilloscopecollectedthepotentiometer’svoltageversusthetime.afterobtainingplotsforeachmass,weusedthevoltage-positionrelationship,mentionedabove,toconvertthedatafromtheformvoltageversustimetotheformpositionversustimesquared.theresidualsofthedatadeterminedwhethertheassumptionofconstantaccelerationwasvalid.results試驗數(shù)據(jù)，公式，圖表，計算過程，用一個對讀者最友好形式展示出來。試驗原始數(shù)據(jù)通常全部是放在附錄，這里全部是放處理過數(shù)據(jù)。假如有大量計算，最少要列出其中一個samplecalculation.results部分開頭最好反復一下試驗目標。假如結果很多，最好分成不一樣sectionexample:resultsoverall,beaversshowedapreferenceforcertainspeciesoftrees,andtheirpreferencewasbasedondistancefromthecentralplace.measurementstakenatthestudysiteshowthatbeaversavoidedoaksandmusclewood(fig.1)andshowasignificantfoodpreference(x2=447.26,d.f.=9,p<.05).noavoidanceorparticularpreferencewasobservedfortheothertreespecies.themeandistanceof8.42mawayfromthewaterfornot-chewedtreeswassignificantlygreaterthanthemeandistanceof6.13mforchewedtrees(t=3.49,d.f.=268,p<.05)(fig.2).thetreespeciesthatwereavoidedwerenotsignificantlyfartherfromthewater(t=.4277,d.f.=268,p>.05)thanselectedtrees.fortheselectedtreespecies,nosignificantdifferenceincircumferencewasfoundbetweentreesthatwerenotchewed(mean=16.03cm)andchewed(mean=12.80cm)(t=1.52,d.f.=268,p>.05)(fig.3).discussions對于results中描述試驗數(shù)據(jù)，在這個部分中深入詮釋，解釋每個結果含義，為后面conclusion做準備。然后多個方面說明這個見解whatresultsconfirmtheopinionistherereasonabledoubtforyouropinion?anypossibleflawsintheexperimentaldesignorholesintheresults?example:ourteamattemptedtodeterminewhetherbarometricpressureinfluenceschildren’sabilitytofocus.inparticular,wetestedtucker’s(1999)hypothesis,whichstatesthatchildren’sfocuscorrelatesnegativelywithbarometricpressure.theresultshowpartialsupportfortucker’shypothesis.inparticular,childrenfocussignificantlybetterwhenthebarometricpressureislowthantheydowhenthebarometricpressureisneutralorhigh.however,childrenfocusedonlyslightlyworseduringhighpressurethannormalpressure.theunusuallyhighstandarddeviationonthehigh-pressureday(thursday)suggeststhathighbarometricpressuremightaffectsomechildrengreatlyandothersverylittle.theresultssuggestthat,whendiagnosingadhd,practitionersshouldgivethecptwhenbarometricpressureisneutral.conclusion概括一下resultsandthediscussion最關鍵最精華部分。因為abstract和conclusion是被最?？床糠帧iscussion和conclusions永遠是兩個不一樣部分。通常：thetheory(hypothesis)theresultsexample:conclusionthepurposeofthislabwastolearnabouttheoptimalforagingtheorybymeasuringtreeselectioninbeavers.wenowknowthattheoptimalforagingtheoryallowsustopredictfood-seekingbehaviorinbeaverswith篇二：英語課堂匯報打印稿格式模板[differentchinainforeigners’eyes]余夢婷王偉堯劉安琪[3月20日]contentpart1introduction......................................................................11.1motivation........................................................................................................11.2methods.............................................................................................................11.3significance......................................................................................................1part2.......................................................................................................2thedefinitionoffeminism.............................................錯誤！未定義書簽。importantmovements....................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。famousfeministsandsuccessfulwomen...................錯誤！未定義書簽。summary............................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。part3casestudy..........................................錯誤！未定義書簽。3.1[依據(jù)實際內容填寫]..........................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。3.2[依據(jù)實際內容填寫]..........................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。3.3[依據(jù)實際內容填寫]..........................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。3.4summary............................................................................錯誤！未定義書簽。part4analysis/discussion.........................................................44.1[依據(jù)實際內容填寫]............................................................................................54.2[依據(jù)實際內容填寫]............................................................................................54.3[依據(jù)實際內容填寫]............................................................................................54.4summary..............................................................................................................5part5conclusion...........................................................................6references..........................................................................................7appendix................................................................................................8part1introduction1.1motivationfirstofall,wefindweusuallyusealabeltodescribeacountry.forexample,franceisromantic;americaisfreeandopen;egyptismystery.sosomequestionshitus.whatistheimpressionofchinaonforeigners?isittrue?isthereanylabelstheyusetodescribechinese？then,withthestepofreformandrevolutioninchina，bothofthelivesandeducationofchinesehavebeenimproved.butwhenwewatchnewsoninternet，wefindthattherearestillsomeprejudiceaboutchinese.sowewanttoknowchinainforeigners’eyes.1.2methodslistingsomequestions.goingoutandinterviewingsomeforeignersinthestreet.chattingonlinewithforeigners.organizingtheinformation.1.3significance1.4difficultiessomedistricts,economyinminhangdistrictisrelativelybackwardandthepopulationisnotverylarge,sowegotupearlyonsaturdaytogotosomebustlingdistrictslongingtomeetmoreforeigners.however,maybethetimewechosewasnotverysuit.wedidnotmeetlotsofforeignersinthemorning.wejusthungoutinthestreetunderthestrongsun.fortunately,ourinterviewbecamemoresmoothintheafternoon.what’smore,manyintervieweeswouldn’tliketotakethevideo,sowemaymisssomedetails.ontheotherhand,itincreasesourdifficultiesinorganizingtheinformationaftertheinterview.part2background2.1someviewsonchina1,chinesepeople’sfeelingisdifferent.theirlife.”2,chinesepeoplelikereputationverymuch.“iknowifidon’tprovemyselfinfrontofmystudents,iwillhavetolistentoa“l(fā)ecture”aboutchina’sfive-thousand-yearhistory.”,saidbychriscoley,teachinginternationalrelationsinrenmnuniversityofchina.3,chinesepeoplearesensitiveaboutsometopics.“theopinionsofchinesepeoplemaynotreconcilewiththoseofwesternpeopleonsometopics.infact,ireallydon’tknowwhattheideasofchinesepeopleonsomesensiblequestionsare,becausechinesepeoplealwayskeepoffthem.”,saidbygerardvanbrecht,fromthenetherlands.4．chinaisaconfusingbutmysteriouscountry.chinesepeople’spersonalitiesarealsouncertain.part3casestudylastweek,wedidaresearchinmidnortherncampus.thesurveyemphasizedonbeforetheinterview,weguessitmaybesuch:crowedstreet,uncultivatedchinese,chinesekungfu,confuciusandsoon.butlaterwefinditisquitedifferentfromourimagination.duringtheresearch,weinterviewedafewforeignersandaskedthemsomethereanythingaboutchinathatisn’ttrue?”,and“whatleadstothesedistinctions.”afterthat,weheardaboutseveralinterestinganswers.accordingtothereply,wemakeaconclusionaboutthekeywords:food,people,environmentandculture.3.1foodeachforeignerreferstothechinesefood.thereissharpdistinctionbetweenrealityandimagination.contrarytowhattheyfindinlocalchinatown,foodinchinaisgenerallyhealthy,deliciousandbeautifullypresented,whichisdifferentfromwhattheyhaveheardabout,suchasunhealthy,fatanddirty.sowhychinesefoodmadeinforeigncountryissobad?whychinesefoodleaveabadimpressioninforeigners’eyes?itisaquestionworththinkingabout.3.2peopledifferent.mostofchinesecareaboutfaceproblemverymuch,whichstandsforreputation.ifsomeoneplaysjokeonhim,itmightoffendhim.what’smore,mike,aenglishteacherfromgermantoldmethat,aschinesestudentsaresohard-working,theyknowalotbuttalklittle.andtheyprefertolisteningtoteachersratherthan篇三：英文試驗匯報模板determinationofheavymetalsinsoilbyatomicabsorptionspectrometry(aas)name:xufeigroup:the3rdgroupdate:sep.20thpart1theintroduction1thepurposes(1)learnhowtooperatetheatomicabsorptionspectrometry;(2)learnhowtodothepretreatmentofsoilsamples;(3)getfamiliarwiththeapplicationofatomicabsorptionspectrometry.2theprinciplesatomicabsorptionspectrometry(aas)isatechniqueformeasuringquantitiesofchemicalelementspresentinenvironmentalsamplesbymeasuringtheabsorbedradiationbythechemicalelementofinterest.thisisdonebyreadingthespectraproducedwhenthesampleisexcitedbyradiation.theatomsabsorbultravioletorvisiblelightandmaketransitionstohigherenergylevels.theconcentrationiscalculatedbasedonthebeer-lambertlaw.absorbanceisdirectlyproportionaltotheconcentrationoftheanalyteabsorbedfortheexistingsetofconditions.theconcentrationisusuallydeterminedfromacalibrationcurve,obtainedusingstandardsofknownconcentration.calibrationcurvemethod:preparestandardsolutionsofatleastthreedifferentconcentrations,measuretheabsorbanceofthesestandardsolutions,andprepareacalibrationcurvefromthevaluesobtained.thenmeasuretheabsorbanceofthetestsolutionadjustedinconcentrationtoameasurablerange,anddeterminetheconcentrationoftheelementfromthecalibrationcurve.part2thematerialsandapparatuspart3theprocedure3.1operatingprocedureforaas(2)installrequiredhollowcathodelamp.select“t”beforeturningtothepowerandhollowcathodelamp.thenselectappropriatelampcurrentandpreheatfor30min.(3)makesureelectricalmetertopointtozeroandthenturnonhigh-voltagepower.(4)selectappropriateslitwidth.(5)rotatemonochromatorandselectrequiredwavelength.ifthepowermeteristoohighorlow,adjustnegativehighvoltageuntilthemeterreadsfullscale.(6)adjustlightpointandwavelengthsothatthemeterrepresentsthemaximumvalue.(8)injectdistilledwaterintotheflameandcontinuetopreheattheburner.injectdistilledwaterintotheflameaftereachsample.(9)select“e”,injectblanksolutionintotheflameandadjustthemetertozero.(10)optimizeanalysisconditionsandmeasurestandardsolutionandsamples.(12)select“t”beforeturningoffhighvoltagepower,decreaselampcurrentandthenturnoffthelamp.atthesametime,allbuttonsshouldbeonoriginalpositions.(13)checktheequipmentbeforeleavingthelaboratory.3.2determinationofsoilsamples(1)preparationofextractingsolution(0.05mol/ledtasolution)18.6gofedtaisdissolvedwithwaterinabeaker(500ml).thephisadjustedto7.0usingdiluteammonia.themixtureistransferredintoavolumetricflask(1000ml),dilutetothemarkandmixedwell.(2)treatmentofsoilsamples2.50gofair-driedsoil(60-100mesh)isputintoanerlenmeyerflaskwithstopper(100ml).12.5mlofedtasolutionisadded.themixtureisshakenfor1handthenfiltered.thefiltrateispreservedforanalysis.(3)preparationofcustandardstocksolution0.10gofcuisdissolvedin15mlof(1:1)nitricacidsolution.themixtureistransferredintoavolumetricflask(1000ml)anddilutedtothemarkwithre-distilledwater.theconcentrationofthestockstandardsolutionis100g/ml.(theconcentrationshouldbecalculatedaccordingtothemassofcu).theworkingcustandardsolution(10μg/ml)isobtainedbydiluting10mlofcustandardstocksolutionto100mlwithre-distilledwater.(4)plottingofthestandardcurve0ml,1ml,2ml,3ml,4mland5mlofcustandardsolution(10μg/ml)areaddedrespectivelyto6volumetricflask(10ml)with1mlof5mol/lhydrochloricacid.themixtureisdilutedwithre-distilledwaterandmixedwelltogive0μg/ml,1.00μg/ml,2.00μg/ml,3.00μg/ml,4.00μg/ml,5.00μg/mlofcu,respectively.theabsorbanceismeasuredatwavelengthsof3247?.thestandardcurveisconstructedbyplottingabsorbancevs.concentration.(5)determinationofsamplesthesamplesolutionisanalyzedusingthesameprocedureandconditionsasforthestandardcurve.theconcentrationofcuisobtainedfromthestandardcurvebasedontheabsorbance.part4theresults4.1therawdata4.2aasstandardcurve4.3calculationtheabsorbanceofsampleis0.0511.accordingtotheformulaabove:y=0.0446x+0.0024,r2=0.9997theconcentrationofcuinthesampleis:1.091mg/l.part5discussioninthisexperiment,weusetheaastodeterminecuinsoil.ilearnhowtooperatetheaasandthelimitation.intheexperimentalprocess,standardsolutionwaspreparedinstrictaccordancewiththeexperimentalrequirementsandilearnhowtodealwiththedata.finallywegetthestandardcurve,then,thesampleconcentrationiscalculatedaccordingtotheabsorbanceofthesample.ultimately,wegetthelinearformulaisy=0.0446x+0.0024andr2=0.9997.fromaccordingtotheformulaandtheabsorbanceofcuinthesampleis0.0511,wedrawtheconcentrationofcuinthesampleis1.091μg/ml.wehaveknownthattheconcentrationoftestsamplemeasuredbyinstrumentis1.091mg/l.wecansayourresultofexperimentissoveryaccuratefromthestandardcurveofcuandthevalueofr(r2=0.09997).theaccuratedataisduetotheeffortsofweeveryone.thanksforeverymembersofourgroup.ihavesomesuggestionsforourexperiments.firstlywhenwe’lldoanexperiment,wemustprepareourpre-labbyourselvesandtranslateitintochinese.onlydolikethis,wecanunderstandtheexperimentwell.secondlyweshouldprefertosolutetheproblemsintheexperimentratherthanaskforta.finally,everyoneshouldunderstandhisowntaskintheexperiment.篇四：英語論文標準格式扉頁（英文）culturalfactorsinchinese&englishproverbstranslation（timesnewroman二號加粗居中）bylihairongwangzhiyun,tutor（timesnewroman小二居中）registeredno.facultyofforeignlanguagesshanghaibusinessschooldecember,（timesnewroman小二）論文摘要（英文）及關鍵詞abstract（timesnewroman二號，加粗，居中）proverbsreflectcolorfulnationalculturein（timesnewroman四號）…………………….…………………………................................…………………………………………………………………………………（空一行）keywords:proverbs;translation;culture;differences（timesnewroman四號）說明：1．關鍵詞3-5個，詞和詞之間用分號隔開，除專有名詞外，其它單詞首字母不大寫，最終一個詞后面無標點符號。2．“摘要”下空一行寫摘要內容，摘要內容和關鍵詞之間空一行。論文摘要（漢字）及關鍵詞摘要諺語……………….........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................（英文摘要對應譯文）關鍵詞：（宋體四號，加粗）諺語；翻譯；文化；區(qū)分（宋體四號）說明：1．漢字摘要內容和關鍵詞應和英文摘要相對應，關鍵詞3-5個，詞和詞之間用分號隔開。2．“摘要”下空一行寫摘要內容，摘要內容和關鍵詞之間空一行。contents（timesnewroman小二號加粗，居中，目錄占一或兩頁）statement(inchinese)…………………..iabstract(inenglish)…………………..…iiabstract(inchinese)...………………….iiii.introduction..…………….……..……1（一級標題，timesnewroman四號，加粗，“……”和頁碼不加粗，后面頁碼應排齊，下同）ii.thecharacteristicsofidioms………2（二級標題，timesnewroman四號，不加粗）………………….2…………………….3iii.thetranslationofidioms……..…………………..4differencesbetweenliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.......4（三級標題，timesnewroman四號，不加粗）………………5………………..…………..……5（四級標題，timesnewroman四號，不加粗）............................................6b..........................................................................................................6c..........................................................................................................6d..........................................................................................................7iv.differentculturesinchinaandwesterncountries……………8.........................................................................................................9.........................................................................................................9.......................................................................................................10v.conclusion.........................................................................................11bibliography...........................................................................................12acknowledgements...............................................................................13篇五：英語開題匯報標準格式byligangtheteachingofcultureintheenglishlanguageeducationi.introductioninteachingenglishasaforeignlanguage,theimportanceofteaching