浙江省溫州市2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量統(tǒng)一檢測英語試卷B

2023學(xué)年第一學(xué)期溫州市高二期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量統(tǒng)一檢測英語試題（B卷）本試題卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。全卷共12頁，選擇題部分1至9頁，非選擇題部分10至12頁。滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卷上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卷上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用像皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卷上，寫在本試題卷上無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Findingashelter.B.Takinganumbrella.C.Checkingtheweather.2.Whatwouldthewomanliketowatch?A.Ahorrormovie.B.Anactionmovie.C.Aromancemovie.3.Howdoesthewomanfeelnow?A.Worried.B.Excited.C.Moved.4.Whattimedidthemanplantogetup?AAt7:00.B.At7:30.C.At8:00.5.Wherewillthespeakersgofirst?A.Thepark.B.Thebeach.C.Thecafé.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Workmates.B.Neighbours.C.Schoolmates.7.Howmuchwillthewomanpayaltogether?A.8.5dollars.B.10dollars.C.11.5dollars.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhatdoesSarawanttodotoday?A.Totakeaphotograph.B.Totryanewhairstyle.C.Tohaveherhairwashed.9.HowdoesSaradescribeherhair?A.Cool.B.OilyC.Dry.10.Whatdoesthemanremend?A.Anewshampoo.B.Agoodhairdryer.C.Ahealthproduct.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.WhatdidthemanthinkoftheManhattanlife?A.Busy.B.Peaceful.C.Colourful.12.WhydidthemancancelthetriptotheCentralPark?A.Becausehewasn’tinterestedinit.B.Becausethetrafficwastoocrowded.C.Becausetherewasnotimeavailable.13.Whichtouristattractionimpressedthemanmost?A.TheStatueofLiberty.B.TheWashingtonSquare.C.TheEmpireStateBuilding.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whydidthewomanclickonthelink?A.Tohaveadiscount.B.Toremoveviruses.C.Torunsoftware.15.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome.B.Intheoffice.C.Inarepairshop.16.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Officework.B.Onlineshopping.C.Networksecurity.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisprobablythespeaker?A.Aneditor.B.Ahost.C.Alecturer.18.WhatdidRalphEmersondo?A.Hepublishedanovel.B.Heremendedabook.C.Hefoundedamagazine.19.WhatdoweknowaboutTheAtlantic?A.It’spublishedforstudents.B.Itincludesvarioustopics.C.Ithasashorthistory.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Topromoteamagazine.B.Todiscussaproblem.C.Tointroduceanapp.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ACaliforniaishometosomeofthemostbeautifulbotanicalgardensinthecountry.Supposeyouwanttoappreciateuniquelandscapesandnativeplants,thisposthaswhatyouneedtoexperienceintheGoldenState.SanFranciscoBotanicalGardenLocatedintheGoldenGatePark,thisgardenishometoover9,000typesofplants.Ithas55acresofwalkingpathsandstreamswherefamilies,couples,andsolotravelerscanescapefromthenoiseofthecity.Itoffersattractiveflorals(植物群)duringeveryseasonoftheyear.CaliforniaBotanicGardenIt’sthelargestbotanicgardendevotedtoCalifornianativeplants.Asalivingmuseum,theCaliforniaBotanicGardenfeaturesover22,000Californianativeplantspecies,manyofwhichareendangeredspecies.Thegardenoffersguidedwalksandtoursforvisitorswhowantabehindthesceneslookatthegardenanditsmanybeautifulspecies.UCBotanicalGardenatBerkeleyThisgardenfeaturesthemostdiverselandscapesintheworld.Ithasover10,000typesofplants.Theplantcollectionshereareimpressive;visitorscanwanderforhoursandstillfindnewplantstoadmire.Specialeventsarehostedtherethroughouttheyear,includingplantsalesandsummercampsforkids.SanDiegoBotanicGardenThiscoastalCaliforniabotanicgardenhas4milesoftrailsandoceanviewsandfeaturesover5,000plantspecies.Among29uniquelythemedgardensonsite,thebamboogardencollectionisamustsee.Withover100specieswithinthelivingcollectionofbamboo,guestscanexperiencemanydistinctiveecofriendlyplantsupclose.IfexploringthebotanicalgardensinCaliforniaisonyourtodolist,don’twaitanylonger!We’reconfidentthiscollectionofmustseeoutdoorgardenswillentertain,amaze,andinspireyou.1.Whichbotanicalgardenhasthemosttypesofplants?A.SanFranciscoBotanicalGarden. B.CaliforniaBotanicGarden.CUCBotanicalGarden. D.SanDiegoBotanicGarden.2.WhatisspecialaboutSanDiegoBotanicGarden?A.Itholdsdifferenteventsregularly. B.Ithasdistinctivethemegardens.C.ItfeaturesCalifornianativeplants. D.Itshowsvariouslandscapesworldwide.3.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthetext?A.Travellers. B.Gardeners. C.Researchers. D.Guides.【答案】1.B2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了加州一些全國最美麗的植物園?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章SanFranciscoBotanicalGarden部分中“BecauseinDuchang.(這個花園位于金門公園，有9000多種植物。)”、CaliforniaBotanicGarden部分中“Asalivingmuseum,theCaliforniaBotanicGardenfeaturesover22,000Californianativeplantspecies,manyofwhichareendangeredspecies.(作為一個活生生的博物館，加州植物園擁有超過22,000種加州本土植物，其中許多是瀕危物種。)”、UCBotanicalGardenatBerkeley部分中“Ithasover10,000typesofplants.(這里有一萬多種植物。)”、SanDiegoBotanicGarden部分中“ThiscoastalCaliforniabotanicgardenhas4milesoftrailsandoceanviewsandfeaturesover5,000plantspecies.(這個加利福尼亞海岸植物園有4英里的步道和海景，擁有5000多種植物。)”可知，CaliforniaBotanicGarden植物種類最多。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章SanDiegoBotanicGarden部分中“Among29uniquelythemedgardensonsite,thebamboogardencollectionisamustsee.(在29個獨特的主題花園中，竹園收藏是不容錯過的。)”可知，SanDiegoBotanicGarden特別之處在于它有獨特的主題花園。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“Californiaishometosomeofthemostbeautifulbotanicalgardensinthecountry.Supposeyouwanttoappreciateuniquelandscapesandnativeplants,thisposthaswhatyouneedtoexperienceintheGoldenState.(加州有一些全國最美麗的植物園。假設(shè)你想欣賞獨特的風(fēng)景和本土植物，這篇文章有你在金州需要體驗的東西。)”可知，文章的目標(biāo)讀者是游客。故選A。BHaveyoueverwonderedwhathappenstoyourmobilephonesandlaptopsafteryouthrowthemouttomakewayforanewermodel?AccordingtoitslatestGlobalEWasteMonitor,Indiaisthethirdtopproducerofewasteintheworld.EwasteinIndianlandfillgoesontopollutesoilandgroundwater,affectingfoodsupplysystemsandwatersources.Thankfully,thecountryhasanewgroupofartistswhoarechangingthesethrownmechanicalitemsfrommobilephonestooldtelevisionsintolargemurals(壁畫)andartworkstocreativelyshowtheirconcernforthewasteproblem.Overthepastquarterofacentury,Mumbai’sHaribaabuNaatesanhastransformedhundredsoftonnesofewasteintoart,integratingelementsfromnatureandindustry.“Igetmywastematerialfromfriends,relativesandneighbourswhoknowmyinterestineartandsendmebagsofthrownelectronicappliances,”saysNaatesan.Overhiscareer,hehascreatedhugemuralsforseveralpanies.HehasalsoshowedhisworkattheIndiaArtFair,aswellasseveralothernationaldisplays.AnotherartistVishwanathDavangerehasalsolongworkedwithewaste.Helikestotakeapartoldlaptopsandreassemble(重新組裝)themintobirds,animalsandplants.Afterretirement,hestartedpursuingthishobbymoreseriouslyandstartedsellinghiscreationsacrosstheworld.HismostoutstandingworksincludearoboticEgyptianstatuewithglowingredeyesandaMilkyWaymadefromkeyboardkeys.Hehopestoenableotherstoreconsidertheirownconsumptionhabitsandmakemoreenvironmentallyconsciouschoices.“Bygivingewasteasecondchance,Iaimtoraiseawarenessabouttheenvironmentalimpactofelectronicwaste.”saysDavangare,whotodayhasacollectionofmorethan600ecoartobjects.4.WhydotheartistscreateartworksfromEwaste?A.Topromotetheirartisticcareer. B.Toupdateelectronicappliances.C.Tomakeprofitsforseveralpanies. D.Toexpresstheirenvironmentalconcern.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutNaatesanfromparagraph3?A.Hiscreationsaredisplayedglobally. B.Hegainssupportfrompeoplearound.C.Hehasbeencreatingeartfor10years. D.Hisworksintegratetechnologyandhistory.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesDavangere?A.Reliable. B.Confident. C.Devoted. D.Generous.7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.EwasteRecyclingSweepingtheWorld B.EnvironmentalProblemsWorryingIndiansC.AnArtMovementTurningTrashintoCash D.IndianCreativesTransformingEwasteintoArt【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了印度一些藝術(shù)家將廢棄的電子設(shè)備變成大型壁畫和藝術(shù)作品，以創(chuàng)造性地表達他們對垃圾問題的關(guān)注。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“Thankfully,thecountryhasanewgroupofartistswhoarechangingthesethrownmechanicalitemsfrommobilephonestooldtelevisionsintolargemurals(壁畫)andartworkstocreativelyshowtheirconcernforthewasteproblem.(值得慶幸的是，這個國家出現(xiàn)了一群新的藝術(shù)家，他們正在把這些被丟棄的機械物品——從到舊電視——變成大型壁畫和藝術(shù)品，以創(chuàng)造性地表達他們對廢物問題的關(guān)注。)”可知，藝術(shù)家們用電子垃圾創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)品表達他們對環(huán)境的關(guān)注。故選D。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中““Igetmywastematerialfromfriends,relativesandneighbourswhoknowmyinterestineartandsendmebagsofthrownelectronicappliances,”saysNaatesan.(Naatesan說:“我從朋友、親戚和鄰居那里得到廢料，他們知道我對電子藝術(shù)的興趣，給我寄來一袋袋扔掉的電子產(chǎn)品。”)”可知，他得到周圍人的支持。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段““Bygivingewasteasecondchance,Iaimtoraiseawarenessabouttheenvironmentalimpactofelectronicwaste.”saysDavangare,whotodayhasacollectionofmorethan600ecoartobjects.(“通過給電子垃圾第二次機會，我的目標(biāo)是提高人們對電子垃圾對環(huán)境影響的認識?！边_萬加爾說，他現(xiàn)在收藏了600多件生態(tài)藝術(shù)品。)”可知，他熱衷于這項事業(yè)。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第二段“Thankfully,thecountryhasanewgroupofartistswhoarechangingthesethrownmechanicalitemsfrommobilephonestooldtelevisionsintolargemurals(壁畫)andartworkstocreativelyshowtheirconcernforthewasteproblem.(值得慶幸的是，這個國家出現(xiàn)了一群新的藝術(shù)家，他們正在把這些被丟棄的機械物品——從到舊電視——變成大型壁畫和藝術(shù)品，以創(chuàng)造性地表達他們對廢物問題的關(guān)注。)”可知，本文主要講述了印度一些藝術(shù)家將廢棄的電子設(shè)備變成大型壁畫和藝術(shù)作品，以創(chuàng)造性地表達他們對垃圾問題的關(guān)注。因此選項D“IndianCreativesTransformingEwasteintoArt(印度創(chuàng)意將電子垃圾轉(zhuǎn)化為藝術(shù))”可以作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。CIn1921,Karel?apek’splayR.U.R.:Rossum’sUniversalRobotshaditsfirstpublicperformanceinPrague,andwastranslatedintoEnglishthefollowingyear.Heneededanameforthefactoryproducedhumanoidworkersofthestory,andwasthinkingofcoiningsomethingbasedontheword“l(fā)abour”.ButhisbrotherJosefsuggestedanoldCzechwordfor“forcedlabour”,robota.Andtheword“robot”wasborn.Ifthe?apekshadknownEnglish,theymighthavechosenoneofthewordswithrelevantsensesthatwerealreadyinthelanguage.“Automaton”hadbeenavailablesincethe17thcenturyand“android”sincethe18th.Buttheclearsoundof“robot”seemedtocapturethepublicimagination,becausewithinfiveyearsitwasbeingusednotonlyforintelligentartificialbeingsbutforanymachinecapableofcarryingoutaplexsetofmovements.Insciencefictions(小說),thewordtookonnewlife,withwriterssuchasIsaacAsimovwritingwellregardednovelsinwhichrobotsplayedacentralrole.Itwasthesewriterswhofirstshortened“robot”to“bot”,butnoneofthemcouldhaveexpectedtheexplosionofusageswhicharrivedinthe1990s,astheshortenedwordcametobeadoptedinputing.Today,abotisanypieceofsoftwarethatrunsanautomatedtask,suchasinsearchingtheInternetorplayingputergames.Ithasalsobeeasuffix(后綴),withthefunctionofthe“bot”explainedintheotherpartoftheword,asinsearchbot,infobot,spybotandwarbot.Asearlyas1923,GeorgeBernardShawhadappliedtheword“robot”topeoplewhoactautomatically,withoutthinkingoremotion,usuallybecauseoftherepetitiveworktheyhavetodo.Nowanyonehavingautomatonlikebehaviourrisksattractingthelabel.AmoviestarcalledSamanthawhohastakenonthesametypeofcharactertoomanytimesmighthaveherrolesdescribedas“Samanthabots.”Andin2009“Obamabots”arrivedpeoplewhosupportBarackObamawithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthim.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coining”inparagraph1mean?A.Delivering. B.Predicting. C.Inventing. D.Remending.9.Howdidtheword“robot”developinthe1990s?A.Itwasnolongerlinkedwithmachines. B.Itwasgraduallyreplacedby“android”.C.Itwasshortenedandusedinputing. D.Itwasonlyadoptedinwellregardednovels.10.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theusageof“robot”indifferentsituations.B.Theimpactof“robot”onpeople’sbehaviour.C.Thepopularityof“robot”amongmoviestars.D.Theconnectionof“robot”withpublicfigures.11.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Awriter’sbiography. B.Asciencefiction.C.Atechnologynewspaper. D.Alanguageencyclopedia.【答案】8.C9.C10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】是一篇說明文。主要介紹了“robota”這個詞誕生的過程以及在不同情況下的使用?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞句中“Heneededanameforthefactoryproducedhumanoidworkersofthestory…”（他需要為這個工廠生產(chǎn)的人形工人的故事取一個名字……）以及下一句“ButhisbrotherJosefsuggestedanoldCzechwordfor“forcedlabour”,robota.Andtheword“robot”wasborn.”（但他的兄弟約瑟夫(Josef)建議用一個古捷克語來表示“強迫勞動”，robota。“robota”這個詞就這樣誕生了。）由此可知，此處為并且正在考慮以“勞動”這個詞為基礎(chǔ)創(chuàng)造一個名字。故可猜測劃線單詞coining為“創(chuàng)造，發(fā)明”的意思，結(jié)合選項C項Inventing“發(fā)明”意思一致。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itwasthesewriterswhofirstshortened“robot”to“bot”,butnoneofthemcouldhaveexpectedtheexplosionofusageswhicharrivedinthe1990s,astheshortenedwordcametobeadoptedinputing.”（正是這些作者第一次將robot縮寫為bot，但他們誰也沒有想到，隨著這個縮寫詞在計算機領(lǐng)域被采用，它的用法在20世紀90年代出現(xiàn)了爆炸式的增長。）可知，“robot”這個詞在20世紀90年代被縮短并用于計算。故選C項?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Asearlyas1923,GeorgeBernardShawhadappliedtheword“robot”topeoplewhoactautomatically,withoutthinkingoremotion,usuallybecauseoftherepetitiveworktheyhavetodo.Nowanyonehavingautomatonlikebehaviourrisksattractingthelabel.AmoviestarcalledSamanthawhohastakenonthesametypeofcharactertoomanytimesmighthaveherrolesdescribedas“Samanthabots.”Andin2009“Obamabots”arrivedpeoplewhosupportBarackObamawithoutreallyknowinganythingabouthim.”（早在1923年，喬治·蕭伯納就用“robot”一詞來形容那些沒有思考或情感就自動行動的人，通常是因為他們必須做重復(fù)的工作?，F(xiàn)在，任何有類似機器人行為的人都有被貼上這個標(biāo)簽的風(fēng)險。一位名叫薩曼莎(Samantha)的電影明星多次扮演同一類型的角色，她的角色可能被稱為“薩曼莎博特”(Samanthaabots)。2009年出現(xiàn)了“奧巴馬機器人”——那些對奧巴馬一無所知卻支持他的人。）可知，最后一段主要講了“robot”在不同情況下的使用。故選A項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段中“Heneededanameforthefactoryproducedhumanoidworkersofthestory,andwasthinkingofcoiningsomethingbasedontheword“l(fā)abour”.ButhisbrotherJosefsuggestedanoldCzechwordfor“forcedlabour”,robota.Andtheword“robot”wasborn.”（他需要為這個工廠生產(chǎn)的人形工人的故事取一個名字，并且正在考慮以“勞動”這個詞為基礎(chǔ)創(chuàng)造一個名字。但他的兄弟約瑟夫(Josef)建議用一個古捷克語來表示“強迫勞動”，robota?！皉obota”這個詞就這樣誕生了。）可知，文章主要講的是“robota”這個詞的來源以及在不同情況下的使用。由此可推知，這段文字可能取自一本語言百科全書。故選D項。DTheroadtoaNobelPrize,themostrespectedscientificawardintheworld,isgrowingeverlonger,withalmosthalfofwinnersnowwaitingmorethan20yearsfrommakingaNobelworthydiscoverytoreceivingtheprize.Oneanalysisshowsthattheaveragetimebetweenpublishingtheworkandreceivingoneofthescienceprizeshasnearlydoubledinthepast60years.Acrossthethreescienceprizes,chemistrynowhasthelongest“Nobellag”anaverageof30yearsoverthepastdecadeandphysiologyormedicinehastheshortest,at26years.AlfredNobel’swillstatedthattheprizesshouldbeawarded“tothosewho,duringthepreviousyear,shallhavegiventhegreatestbenefittomankind.”Inrealitythishasonlyhappenedafewtimes.Butinthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury,itwasmonforNobelprizewinnerstobeintheir30sandthatisunheardofnow,saysSantoFortunato,nowaputationalsocialscientistatIndianaUniversity.Thereareanumberofpossiblereasonsforthis,saysYianYin,aputationalsocialscientistatCornellUniversity.Itcouldbethattheoverallnumberofbreakthroughsisincreasingeachyear,soawardscannotkeepupwiththenumberofpeoplewhodeservetoberecognized,hesays.Itisalsothecasethattheimportanceofsomeworks,whichYindescribesas“sleepingbeauties”areonlyrealizedyearsordecadeslater.Besides,thelengtheninggapcouldbeasignthattherehasbeenadecreasein“disruptive”scienceimportantstudiesordiscoveriesthatchangetheparadigm(范式)oftheirfield.ThiscouldbecausingtheNobelmitteestofocusmoreonthepast.Fortunatopointsoutthat,ifthegapcontinuestogrow,outstandingscientistscouldmissoutontheawardowingtotheNobelmittee’srulebanningposthumousprizes(追授獎項).“Ithastostopatsomepoint,”hesays,addingthatarethinkoftheposthumousawardingbanwouldallowmorepeople’sworktogettherecognitionthatitdeserves.12.Whydoesthewritermentionthenumbersinthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Toexplainarule. B.Topresentafact.C.Togiveanopinion. D.Tomakeaprediction.13.WhocanreceivetheNobelaccordingtoAlfredNobel’swill?A.Expertswhoareintheirthirties.B.Teacherswhostudyputerscience.C.Researcherswhosenamehasnotbeenheardof.D.Scientistswhosediscoverybenefitshumansmost.14.WhymightbeacauseoftheNobellag?A.Thechangeinstandards. B.Therequirementoftheaward.C.Theincreaseinbreakthroughs. D.Thetraditionofthemittees.15.WhatdoesFortunatosuggestinthelastparagraph?A.Reconsideringthecurrentrule. B.Establishingabettermittee.C.Stoppingtheawardpresentation. D.Recognizingmorepeople’swork.【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了在過去的60年里，從發(fā)表論文到獲得一個科學(xué)獎項的平均時間幾乎翻了一番。在20世紀上半葉，諾貝爾獎得主通常都是30多歲，現(xiàn)在聞所未聞，文章分析了背后的原因和解決建議。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheroadtoaNobelPrize,themostrespectedscientificawardintheworld,isgrowingeverlonger,withalmosthalfofwinnersnowwaitingmorethan20yearsfrommakingaNobelworthydiscoverytoreceivingtheprize.(諾貝爾獎是世界上最受尊敬的科學(xué)獎項，通往諾貝爾獎的道路越來越長，幾乎一半的獲獎?wù)攥F(xiàn)在從做出值得諾貝爾獎的發(fā)現(xiàn)到獲得該獎等了20多年)”以及第二段“Oneanalysisshowsthattheaveragetimebetweenpublishingtheworkandreceivingoneofthescienceprizeshasnearlydoubledinthepast60years.Acrossthethreescienceprizes,chemistrynowhasthelongest“Nobellag”anaverageof30yearsoverthepastdecadeandphysiologyormedicinehastheshortest,at26years.(一項分析顯示，在過去的60年里，從發(fā)表論文到獲得一個科學(xué)獎項的平均時間幾乎翻了一番。在三個科學(xué)獎項中，化學(xué)現(xiàn)在擁有最長的“諾貝爾滯后”——在過去十年中平均為30年——而生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎最短，為26年)”可推知，作者在前兩段提到數(shù)字是為了陳述事實：諾貝爾獲獎的時間比較以前縮短了。故選B?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“AlfredNobel’swillstatedthattheprizesshouldbeawarded“tothosewho,duringthepreviousyear,shallhavegiventhegreatestbenefittomankind.”

(阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾的遺囑指出，該獎項應(yīng)授予“在過去一年中為人類做出最大貢獻的人”。)”可知，阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾的遺囑中，指出其發(fā)現(xiàn)對人類最有益的科學(xué)家應(yīng)該獲得諾貝爾獎。故選D?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Itcouldbethattheoverallnumberofbreakthroughsisincreasingeachyear,soawardscannotkeepupwiththenumberofpeoplewhodeservetoberecognized,hesays.(他說，這可能是因為每年的突破總數(shù)都在增加，所以獎項跟不上值得被認可的人的數(shù)量)”可知，突破的增加可能是諾貝爾獎滯后的一個原因。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ithastostopatsomepoint,”hesays,addingthatarethinkoftheposthumousawardingbanwouldallowmorepeople’sworktogettherecognitionthatitdeserves.(“這必須在某個時候停止，”他說，并補充說，重新考慮追授禁令將使更多的人的工作得到應(yīng)有的認可。)”可知，福爾圖納托在最后一段暗示了重新考慮現(xiàn)行規(guī)則。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Manypeopledoubtabouttheeffectivenessofbodylanguage.Thenegativeviewtowardsbodylanguageisoftenduetomyths(謬論).____16____Myth1:FakingbodylanguageisnotOK.Fakingispartofhuman’swayoflifeandpeopleseemtobealwaysfascinatedwithanymethodthatallowsthemtofakewhentheyneedit.Isthatwrong?Thetruthisthereisnoharmintrying.Theaimwithbodylanguageistoimprovetheoverallqualityofthemunicationandallowyoutogetwhatyouwant.Asselfishasthismaysound,thisiswhateverybodyisafter.____17____Ifyoufindthataparticulartechniqueworksforyou,goaheadanduseit.Myth2:Youcanspotaliethroughbodylanguage.Overtheyearstherehavebeenmanyclaimsthatcertainnonverbalsignalsshowthatapersonislying.Thesegesturesandnonverbalsignalsarenowwellknown,suchastouchingthenoseandcoveringthemouth.However,someresearchershavefoundthatthesesignalsdon’tdirectlyshowthatsomeoneislying.____18____Pressuredoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatthepersonislying;itisonlyasignalamongothers.Myth3:____19____Foralongtime,presentationcoachesonbodylanguageseemtohavebeenadvisingpeoplethatholdingtheirhandsbehindthemisasignofpower.____20____Therefore,puttinghandsbehindyouwithanintentiontoshowoffyourpowerisamyth.Generally,whenhandsarehiddenfromview,peopledon’ttrustyoubecausetheycannotseewhatyouaredoingorholding.A.Thereisnopointindenyingit.B.Bodylanguageisspecifictoculture.C.Alltheyshowisthatsomeoneisstressed.D.Researchshowsthatmostpeoplefinditwrong.E.Puttingyourhandsbehindyourbackshowspower.F.Thequestioniswhetheritispossibletofakebodylanguage.G.Thefollowingisalistofpopularmythsandmisconceptions.【答案】16.G17.F18.C19.E20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了關(guān)于肢體語言的謬論和誤解。【16題詳解】上文“Manypeoplesuspecttheeffectivenessofbodylanguage.Thenegativeviewtowardsbodylanguageisoftenduetomyths(謬論).(許多人懷疑肢體語言的有效性。這種對肢體語言的負面看法往往是由于謬論。)”提到了關(guān)于肢體語言的有效性的謬論這一話題，后文詳細闡述了這些誤解，因此推斷G項“Thefollowingisalistofpopularmythsandmisconceptions.(以下是一些流行的謬論和誤解。)”符合語境，承上啟下，符合題意。故選G。【17題詳解】由上文“Fakingispartofhuman’swayoflifeandpeopleseemtobealwaysfascinatedwithanymethodthatallowsthemtofakewhentheyneedit.Isthatwrong?Thetruthisthereisnoharmintrying.Theaimwithbodylanguageistoimprovetheoverallqualityofthemunicationandallowyoutogetwhatyouwant.Asselfishasthismaysound,thisiswhateverybodyisafter.(偽裝是人類生活方式的一部分，人們似乎總是著迷于任何能讓他們在需要的時候偽裝的方法。這有錯嗎？事實是，嘗試一下并沒有壞處。肢體語言的最終目的是提高交流的整體質(zhì)量，讓你得到你想要的。雖然這聽起來很自私，但這是每個人都在追求的。)”可知，本空要說跟“偽裝肢體語言”有關(guān)的話題，故F選項“Thequestioniswhetheritispossibletofakebodylanguage.

(問題是是否有可能偽裝肢體語言。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選F?！?8題詳解】由下文“Pressuredoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatthepersonislying;itisonlyasignalamongothers.(壓力并不一定意味著這個人在撒謊；它只是眾多信號中的一個。)”可知，本空要說跟“壓力”有關(guān)的話題，故C選項“Alltheyindicateisthatsomeoneisstressed.(它們所表明的只是某人有壓力。)”能承上啟下，符合題意。故選C。【19題詳解】由下文“Foralongtime,presentationcoachesonbodylanguageseemtohavebeenadvisingpeoplethatholdingtheirhandsbehindthemisasignofpower(很長一段時間以來，肢體語言的演講教練似乎一直在建議人們把手放在身后是一種權(quán)力的象征)”可知，本空要說跟“把手放在背后顯示權(quán)力”的謬論，故E選項“Puttingyourhandsbehindyourbackshowspower.(把手放在背后顯示權(quán)力。)”能概括本段主題，符合題意。故選E?！?0題詳解】由前文“Foralongtime,presentationcoachesonbodylanguageseemtohavebeenadvisingpeoplethatholdingtheirhandsbehindthemisasignofpower(很長一段時間以來，肢體語言的演講教練似乎一直在建議人們把手放在身后是一種權(quán)力的象征)”和下文“Therefore,puttinghandsbehindyouwithanintentiontoshowoffyourpowerisamyth.Generally,whenhandsarehiddenfromview,peopledon’ttrustyoubecausetheycannotseewhatyouaredoingorholding.(因此，把手放在身后是為了展示你的權(quán)力是一個謬論。一般來說，當(dāng)你的手藏起來的時候，人們會變得不信任你，因為他們看不見你在做什么或拿著什么。)”可知，本空與后文為因果關(guān)系，說明這是一個謬論，故D選項“Researchshowsthatmostpeoplefinditwrong.(研究表明，大多數(shù)人認為這是錯誤的。)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選D。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。We’veallhadthem:“It’sbeenoneofthosedays”days.Itstartsout____21____movestoworse,andthengetshorrible.That’swhatIwashaving.Asthedayworeon,Istartedpreparingdinner.Midwaythroughtherecipe,I____22____Iwasoutofsalt.Ijumpedintomycar,and____23____toaneighborhoodgrocerystore.Alongwiththesalt,I____24____afewextrathingsandheadedforthecheckoutstand.There,Iwrotethe____25____fortherequired$12.51,andtheclerkbaggedmy____26____.ThenInoticedthesaltstillintheshoppingcart.I____27____ittothecashier.She____28____,“Whynotjustpayforitwithcash?It’sonly35cents.”I____29____I’drunoutofthehousewithonlyasinglecheckandmydriver’slicense.Thenthecashier____30____adollarbillfromherpocketandrangupthesalt.Sheeven____31____Itakethechange!Sheexplainedshe____32____keptafewsinglesinherpocketforsuchemergencies.That____33____gestureturnedmyentiredayfromfrownsto____34____.It’slittlethingslikewhatshedidformethatdaythattrulymakethisabrighterworld,andI’llalways____35____herexample.21.A.early B.bad C.new D.gradual22.A.realized B.understood C.pretended D.assessed23.A.walked B.ran C.drove D.cycled24.A.pickedup B.handedin C.putdown D.livedon25.A.recipe B.card C.cash D.check26.A.money B.salt C.dinner D.purchase27.A.took B.carried C.handed D.poured28.A.argued B.joked C.suggested D.blamed29.A.plained B.explained C.suspected D.found30.A.pulled B.paid C.spotted D.switched31.A.ordered B.remended C.manded D.insisted32.A.never B.seldom C.always D.already33.A.unique B.abnormal C.identical D.kind34.A.bows B.smiles C.shouts D.nods35.A.adopt B.remember C.evaluate D.present【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.D27.C28.C29.B30.A31.D32.C33.D34.B35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。短文主要講述了作者在一天中遇到了一系列不順的事情，包括忘了買鹽，然后在超市遇到了一位善良的收銀員，她主動幫助作者支付了鹽的錢并且還找了零錢。這個小小的善舉讓作者的一天變得美好起來，也讓作者深受感動，決心效仿這位收銀員的榜樣?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一開始很糟糕，然后變得更糟，然后變得可怕。A.early早的；B.bad糟糕的；C.new新的；D.gradual逐漸的。根據(jù)空后“movestoworseandthengetshorrible”可知，開始很糟糕，變得更糟，然后變得可怕。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：做到一半的時候，我意識到鹽用完了。A.realized意識到；B.understood理解；C.pretended假裝；D.assessed評估。根據(jù)下文“Iwasoutofsalt”和“Ijumpedintomycar,and____3____toaneighborhoodgrocerystore.”可知，“我”跳進車里，來到附近的雜貨店，因為“我”意識到鹽用完了。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我跳進車里，開到附近的雜貨店。A.walked散步；B.ran跑；C.drove開車；D.cycled騎自行車。根據(jù)上文“Ijumpedintomycar”可知，我跳上車，所以“我”開車到附近的一家雜貨店。故選C。【24題詳解】考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：除了鹽，我還拿了一些額外的東西，向收銀臺走去。A.pickedup拿起，撿起；B.

handedin上交；C.putdown放下；D.livedon繼續(xù)存在。根據(jù)空后“afewextrathingsandheadedforthecheckoutstand”可知，“我”還多拿了幾樣?xùn)|西，然后走向收銀臺。故選A。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在收銀臺前，我開了一張12.51美元的支票，店員把我買的東西裝進袋子。A.recipe烹飪法，食譜；B.card卡片；C.cash現(xiàn)金；D.check支票。根據(jù)后文“Whynotjustpayforitwithcash?It’sonly35cents.”和“I’drunoutofthehousewithonlyasinglecheckandmydriver’slicense”可知，收銀員問“我”為什么不直接用現(xiàn)金支付，我解釋說自己只帶了一張支票和駕照，說明我開了一張12.51美元的支票，故選D?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里，我寫了一張12.51美元的支票，店員把我買的東西裝進了袋子。A.money金錢；B.salt鹽；C.dinner晚餐；D.purchase購買物品。根據(jù)上文“theclerkbaggedmy”此處指把作者購買的物品裝進袋子。故選D。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我把它遞給收銀員。A.took帶走；B.carried搬運；C.handed遞給；D.poured傾倒。根據(jù)上文“ThenInoticedthesaltstillintheshoppingcart.(然后我注意到鹽還在購物車里)”可知，此處指把鹽遞給收銀員。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她建議說:“為什么不用現(xiàn)金支付呢？只要35美分?！盇.argued爭論；B.joked開玩笑；C.suggested建議；D.blamed指責(zé)。根據(jù)下文“Whynotjustpayforitwithcash?It’sonly35cents.”可知，“為什么不用現(xiàn)金支付呢？”這是她的建議。故選C?！?9題詳