Unit4ARedLightforScofflaws市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎課件

1Unit4

ARedLightforScofflaws

1/59I.LearningobjectivesHaveanideaofthevarietyofscofflawsandthedangerstheymaycause.Understandtheimportanceofevidenceinexpositorywriting.22/59ChineseStyleofCrossingRoads“crossingtheroadswithouttakingtrafficlightsintoconsideration,aslongasyouarepartofacrowd.”3/594/59scribblingonthewalls/spitting5/59overload

6/59Crossingstreetwithoutwalkingonpestrianpavement

runningredlight7/59Litterbug

crossingtrafficfence8/59II.Warm-upquestionsLookuptheword“scofflaw”inadictionary,andnamesomekindsofscofflaws.Haveyoueverbeenascofflawinasense?Doyouknowanyacquaintanceofyourswhohasbeenascofflaw?Tellusastory.99/59Scofflaw

isanouncoinedduringtheProhibitiontimemeaningapersonwhodrinksillegally.Itisacompoundofthewordsscoffandlaw,meaningonewhomocksorridiculesthelaw.Themeaninghassincebeenextendedtodescribeonewhofloutsanylaw,especiallythosewhicharedifficulttoenforce,andparticularlytrafficlaws.10/59III.OrganizationanddevelopmentofthetextPara.1introductoryparagraph:MillionsofAmericansaretakingincreasinglibertieswiththelegalcodes.Para.2Scofflawsaboundinamazingvariety.Para.3Thedangersofscofflawryvarywidely.Para.4Themostflagrantscofflawisthered-lightrunner.Para.5Thefloutingofbasicrulesoftheroadleavesdeepdentsinthesocialmood.Para.6Scofflawsareasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralization.Para.7Theprospectofthecollapseofpublicmannersisnotmerelyamatterofetiquette.Para.8ScofflawryatvariouslevelsofsociallifewasbynomeansalessseriousmenacetothefoundationoflawoftheUSthanviolentcrimes.Para.9Thescofflawspiritisdangerouslyinfectious;somethingmustbedonetocheckitsspread.1111/59Part1Para1.Problem:MillionsofAmericansarebreakingthelegalcodes.12/5913Languagepointstakelibertieswith:behaveinaboldorimpolitewaytowardsShewouldneverhavetakenalibertywithanyone.Hewasnotthesortofmanwithwhomonetookliberties.supposedly:allegedlyarobotsupposedlycapableofunderstandingspokencommandsasupposedlyinferiorformoflifesuchasthereptile13/5914Languagepointsethic:ideaormoralbeliefthatinfluencesthebehavior,attitudes,andphilosophyoflifeofagroupofpeople(=principle)theAmerican“frontierethicofexpansionandopportunity”theProtestantworkethicethics:moralbeliefsandrulesaboutrightandwrongaconscious,rational,scientificcodeofethicsthebasicethicswhichanyreligionsetsforward14/5915Languagepointsderelictions:deliberateneglect;negligenceamatterofcourse:Ifsth.isdoneasamatterofcourse,itisdoneaspartofanormalsituationandisnotregardedasunusualorexceptional.(=automatically)Thefatherdoeshisshareofthehouseworkasamatterofcoursewhenathome.15/59

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to:1)tobepleasedbyorattractedto;2)begintodosth.asaregularhabitThedogseldomtakestostrangers.HismannerwassotakingthatItooktohimatonce.Afterafewyearsheabandonedjournalismandtooktowritingnovels.I’msorrytohearthathehastakentodrink.RecentlyIhavetakentogettingupearlierinthemorning.16/59法律和秩序是美國歷史上連續(xù)時間最長、也可能是政治上最熱門話題。然而，顯然令人煩惱是，數以百萬計美國人盡管從沒有認為自己會違反法律，更不用說會成為罪犯了，卻正在越來越隨便地對待那些專為保護與造福他們社會所制訂法規(guī)。當然，現今確實有些時候似乎無視法律代表了未來時尚。哈佛大學社會學家大衛(wèi)·萊斯曼懷疑，大多數美國人喜歡犯那種他們認為是無關緊要玩忽職守錯誤。萊斯曼說，美國社會倫理道德已經處于這么危險之中：即，“假如你遵紀遵法，你就是個傻瓜”。17/59Para2Howmanyscofflawsarementionedhereandwhatarethey?18/59abound:v.toexistinlargenumberorgreatquantityaboundin/aboundwith:tohaveinlargefrontsorgreatquantity1)Thelandaboundsinspringsandstreamsofwater.2)Thejungleaboundswithsnakes.3)Thebookaboundsinprintingmistakes.19/5920Languagepointsexemptfrom:notaffectedorboundby(=excused)Thesehousesareexemptfrompayingrates.convert:changeintoadifferentform(=transform)Asolarcelltakesradiationfromthesunandconvertsitintoelectricity.Energyisconvertedfromoneformtoanother.20/5921Languagepointsflurry:asmallamount(asofsnoworwind)thatsuddenlyappearsforashorttimeandmovesinarushed,swirlingway(=whirl)Snowflurrieshadbeenpredicted.Theirfrontrunnerscollided,sendingupaflurryofsparks.21/59ordinance:(formal)officialruleororder;regulationIn1972thecitypassedanordinancecompellingalloutdoorlightingtobeswitchedoffat9:00p.m.22/5923Languagepointsplague:v.keephappeningandcauseagreatdealoftrouble,difficulty,orsufferingThesystemisstillplaguedbytechnicalfaults.Hesufferedseverebackinjuries,whichplaguehimtothisday.Idon’tknowwhywehavebeenplaguedwithsuchillluck.23/59duckoutof:avoiddoing,esp.bymakinganexcuse(=backout)Itwastoolatetoduckoutofgoingwiththem.24/5925Languagepointsfester:(adifficultorunpleasantsituation,feeling,orthought)growworseandbecharacterizedbyincreasingbitterness,anger,andhatred.Hismemoriesfesteredintohate.anangerthatmustfindoutletorfesterinwardlyhazardous:dangerous,esp.topeople’shealthorsafety25/59支持萊斯曼觀點證據是再顯著不過。違法亂紀者屢見不鮮、無奇不有，到達了驚人程度。墻上亂涂亂畫把公共場所外觀糟塌得不堪人目。騎自行車人橫沖直闖，似乎兩個車輪交通工具能夠不受任何交通法規(guī)束縛。亂丟垃圾人把他們生活區(qū)域變成了垃圾場。正如以前法令未能掃除危害公園滿身酒氣流氓阿飛一樣，廣泛宣傳法規(guī)也未能消除公共場所高分貝便攜式收音機。吸煙成癮人們對“不準吸煙”通告牌熟視無睹。衣冠楚楚吸大麻人再也不像從前那樣躲開公眾視線偷偷摸摸地傳遞帶大麻香煙了。在中上層人士中毫無顧忌地使用可卡因已成為令人煩惱丑聞。而且，(好家伙，人數真不少啊!)還有隨意橫穿馬路人呢。26/59違法行為危害差異極大。在人行道上隨地吐痰當然令人厭惡，不過很顯著，比起那些違法地在未經許可地域掩埋危險化學廢料企業(yè)對他人造成危害要小得多。忽略防火安全法規(guī)房主對人生命危害當然要比在地鐵逃票人大得多。然而，最直接和最引人注目標違法行為恰恰就是最常見一個社會現象。首當其沖者就是美國司機們。今天，他們無法無天行為給公眾造成了極大災難。其危害現有日常多見造成城市街道堵塞并排違章停車，也有司機酒后開車造成每年死亡大約25,000人，傷殘最少650,000人。那么高速公路上違章超速行駛呢？最新調查顯示，在一些州際公路上83%司機現在根本無視聯邦法定每小時55英里時速限制。27/5928Languagepointsflout:deliberatelydisobeyordonotfollow(alaw,anorder,oranacceptedwayofbehaving)(=disregard)Bepreparedtofloutconvention.Ourrulersknownowthatwe’repreparedtoflouttheirlawsifforced.28/59wane:(acondition,attitude,emotion,etc.)becomeweakerorsmaller,oftendisappearingcompeletelyintheend(=lessen,fade)HerenthusiasmforHaroldwasbeginningtowane.Thebondoffriendshiphasnotwanedbuthassurvivedthepassageoftime.

beonthewane:diminishing29/59全部違章行為中最厚顏無恥要數闖紅燈了。在波士頓，人們對這種停頓通行信號藐視已經到了這么程度，以至在當地人中竟然流傳著這種笑話：一名出租汽車司機竟然堅持說，紅燈信號僅僅起裝飾作用。禁止通行紅燈控制交通效力在各地都在減弱。在洛杉磯，闖紅燈似乎已經成為最常見違反交通法規(guī)行為。在紐約，過十字路口就像俄國輪盤賭一樣。警察局長羅伯特·杰·麥克蓋爾認可，“現在人們在紅燈面前是否停下來是50%對50%拋硬幣概率?！蓖瑫r，他自己屬下警察們也大都對這種違章行為熟視無睹。30/5931Languagepointsmakeadentin:reduceconsiderably;damageTheoperationhadmadeamajordentinthetradeofprotectedwildlife.dentWhatdoestheauthormeanbythemetaphor“makeadent”here?31/59brazen:shamelessabrazenaccusation

brazenly:Noindustryismorebrazenlyorientedtowardsquick,easyprofits.32/5933Languagepointsprospect:possibility,chance,likelihoodTherewaslittleprospectofsignificantmilitaryaid.Theprospectsforrevolutionareremote.

someone’sprospects:theirchancesofbeingsuccessfulintheircareer,esp.bybeingpromotedquicklytoahighpositioninanorganizationItriedtogivearosypictureofhisprospects.Successorfailureherewouldbecrucialtohisfutureprospects.33/59foretaste:n.sampleTheepisodewasaforetasteofthebitterstrugglethatwastocome.34/5935Languagepointsstereotype:afixedgeneralimage,characteristic,etcthatalotofpeoplebelievetorepresentaparticulartypeofpersonorthingThesongperpetuatestworaciststereotypes.stereotypicaladj.35/59skirt:avoid(adifficultsubjectthatoughttobedealtwith)AsIwalkedthroughthelobby,Ihadtoskirtagroupofladies.Cometothemainissue,anddon’tskirtaroundit.36/5937Languagepointsundermine:maketheauthoritylesssecure,oftenbyindirectmethods漸漸破壞Manyofthemsoughttounderminehisposition.Thelandownersresentedgovernmentmeasureswhichunderminedtheirauthority.37/59mandate:授權；命令；指令1)theauthoritythatagovernmenthastocarryoutparticularpoliciesasaresultofwinninganelection.2)(formal)aparticulartaskthatsb.isinstructedtocarryout;ajobPeter’smandatewastofindthebestavailableinvestment.38/5939Languagepointssubvert:destroythepowerandinfluence;undermine顛覆；推翻；破壞Conflictanddivisionsubvertthefoundationsofsociety.Thebestintentionscanbesubvertedbyanoverpoweringcommercialatmosphere.39/59comply:conformwithNewvehiclesmustcomplywithcertainstandards.Ifyouwanttorunaplaygroupyoumustcomplywiththeconditionslaiddownbytheauthorities.compliance:(formal)willingnesstodowhatisrequired;agreement(+with)Therearewaysofensuringcompliance.40/5941Languagepointsnullify:makeineffective;cancelout;invalidateThishadtheeffectofnullifyingouroriginaladvantage.Thewholeteam’seffectivenesscanbenullified.Eachstatehadtherighttonullifythefederalgovernment’slaw.41/59disquiet:n.&v.afeelingofworryoranxiety(=uneasiness)disquieting:disturbing;upsettingThespeaker’sdisquietingwordsmadetheaudienceshudder.

42/5943Languagepointsunwittingly:unintentionally不知情地；不知不覺地；無意地Ihadtobegratefultoherforhaving,howeverunwittingly,savedmylife.43/59terminally:fatallyahospice(收容所）fortheterminallyillterminalpatient重危病人terminalcancer晚期癌癥44/59V.ParaphraseThepersonwhoillegallyspitsonthesidewalkremainsdisgusting,butclearlyposeslessrisktoothersthanthecompanythatillegallyburieshazardouschemicalwasteinanunauthorizedlocation.4545/59Spittingonthesidewalkisagainstthelawandisalwaysdespicable.Buttheharmitdoestoothersseemsinsignificantwhencomparedwiththedangeracompanycausesbydisposingofpoisonouschemicalwasteinaplacewhereitisnotpermitted.46/59Red-lightrunninghasalwaysbeenrankedasaminorwrong,andsoitmaybeinindividualinstances.Whentheviolationbecomeshabitual,widespreadandincessant,however,agreatdealmorethanatrafficmanagementproblemisinvolved.

Drivingthroughtheintersectionofastreetwithnoregardtotheredtrafficlightisgenerallyconsideredasmisbehavioroflittleimportance.Butwhenitdevelopsintoasocialhabit,itbecomesaproblemagreatdealmoreseriousthanameretrafficproblem.47/59Foralltheirdifferences,today’sscofflawsareofapieceasasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralization—thelossbyindividualsofthecapacitytogoverntheirownbehaviorintheinterestofothers.

48/59Howeverdifferentinforms,today’sscofflawsareanindicationthatthesocietyhasbasicallybeendegradedmorally.Itsmembersseemtohavelosttheirabilitytodisciplinethemselvesinsuchawaythattheinterestsofothershavebeendulytakencareof.49/59Innocentdriversandpedestrianspayarepetitiouspriceinfrustration,inconvenienceandoutrage,nottomentionajustifiedsenseofmortalperil.Thesignificanceofred-lightrunningismagnifiedbyitshighvisibility.50Well-behaveddriversandpedestriansareconstantlyupsetandthreatenedbyperilfromviolations.Thegreatimpactofred-lightrunningisduetoitsbeingsonoticeable.50/59Themostdisquietingthingaboutthescofflawspiritisitsextremeinfectiousness.Onlyaterminallyfoolishsocietywouldsitstillandallowittospreadindefinitely.Therapidspreadofscofflawryisitsmostdisturbingcharacteristic.Onlyatotallyirrationalsocietycouldevertolerateitsuncheckedgrowth.5151/59VI.ClassroomdiscussionInwhatsense,accordingtoTrippet,isred-lightrunningamoreseriousbreachofsocialorderthanotherlawbreakingactions?DoyouagreewithTrippetthattoday’sscofflaws,foralltheirdifferences,areofapieceasasymptomofelementarysocialdemoralizatio