2022年北京海淀區(qū)高三一模英語(yǔ)試題和答案

2022北京海淀高三一模英語(yǔ)2022.本試卷共頁(yè)，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iwasaboutsleepwhensomeoneknockedonmywindow.Knock,knock.Thenathree-secondpause.Knock,knock.ImmediatelyIknewwasmybestfriend,Ben.Theknock1wasouremergencycallwhichnevermeansanythinggood.“What'sgoingon?”IrushedopenthewindowandBenclimbedin."Badnews."Hegavemea2look,andIimmediatelyknewwhatwas.Myheart3.Igavehimanod,hesighedresponse.“Whereto?”Iasked.“Virginia”.“That'sfarfromFlorida.”Welookedateachotherknowingwewerethinkingthesame.BothBenandIhadparentstheair-force.Wewereusedfrequentmoves.BenIbecameclosefriendssinceIcrashedintoBensstandandplasticcupsoflemonadeflyingintotheheavens.Atfirst,I4Florida.Everythingchanged,though,whenI5rollerskatedintoBen'slemonadestand.“Itmusthavebeenfate!"weclaimed.ButIthinkthat,maybe,therewassome6thatlemonade,thatasraineddownonus,castaspellmakingusfriendsforever."MaybeyourfamilywillgetmovedVirginiatoo."Bensaid.“Yeah,maybe.”Iknewchancewaslow,Ichosehope.Bengrinnedatme.Thoughlookedsad,I7himtoo.I'llhavealemonadestand8foryou.，，“Thenpackmyroller-skates.”“Thenwearaponcho雨披)”We9.ThehumidFloridanightclosedaroundus,andIatinydropofliquidsplashonmyarm.Iknewwasprobablyrain,butIthoughtthat,maybe,wasadropofmagiclemonade,becausenothingearthbreakthe10betweenus.1.A.sound2.A.playful3.A.failedB.patternB.gratefulB.softenedC,numberC.cheerfulC.sankD?symbolD.meaningfulDrelieved4.A.hatedB.missedC.exploredDappreciatedD.accidentally5AgraduallyB.narrowlyC.constantly6.A.B.magicB.joyC.flavourC.courageC.readyD.wish7.A.hopeD.supportD.useful8.A.necessaryB.convenient9.A.struggled10.A.ruleB.arguedB.bondC.laughedC.barrierD.compromisedD.balance第二節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AXuMengtao,theflag-bearerfortheChinesedelegationattheclosingceremonyofWinterOlympics,hasgotmultipleworldchampionships.Butherroad11glorywasnotsmooth,sincewasaccompaniedmanyinjuries.Itwasherpassionforsports,herpersistenceanddeterminationthathelpedhercontinueandfinally12(win)themedalatherfourthOlympics.Hersuccessgoesbeyondsportsasmotivatesbothathletesordinarypeople13(they)pursuitofdreams.BBasedARVR,themetaverseaimsbringpeopleclosertogetheranonlinesetting,enablingthembeconnectedwayscouldn’tbebefore.Imagine14(attend)ameetingfromthecomfortofyourcouch,whereyoudressup,butyouravatardoes.You’reseatedatavirtualtablewithotherpeople15reactionsandbodylanguagecanbejudgedjustaswellaswouldbereallife.Ametaversecouldverylikelybringthese16(imagine)reality,soon.CEveryonehasasenseofhumor,butprettyevidentthatnoteverybodyhasagoodsenseofPsychologistsdividedon17humorinbornorlearnable.However,onethingthat18(accept)universallysofar—thesenseofhumoruniquelyhuman.Itassociatedwithlaughterlaughterassociatedwithhappinessandcourage.Thesearequalities19(share)withotherformsoflife.Buthappinessoneofthegoals(chase)life,thenthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.第二部分第一節(jié)共小題；每小題2分，共分)閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AOldandunrestoredtheatresareallaroundusandyetsounnoticed.Anewphotobookunveilstheiroftenoverlookedbeauty.Proctor'sTheatre,Newark,NewJerseyAlthoughavailableoutdoorsfromstreetsellers,foodwasbannedtheatresdisplayrespectability.Inthelate1920s,however,theoperatorsProctor5sTheatreNewarkbeganupstandsimprovetheeconomicsituationduringtheGreatDepression.PopcornCokewouldbecomeasignificantpartofthetheatre5sincome.Proctor'sTheatre,Troy,NewYorkOriginallyopenedasProctor5sFourthStreetTheatre1914,hostedfamouscomedianssuchasJackBennyBobHope.From1929,wassuccessivelytakenover,renamedasProctor5sTroyTheatreandswitchedscreeningfilms.Inthe1960s,beganplayingsecond-runfilmsbeforeclosing1977.ItwaslistedontheNationalRegisterofHistoricPlaces(NRHP)1979.In2010,thetheatrewasrepairedbutcurrentlynotbeingtoday.RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatre,NewYorkOriginallyopened1928,RKOKeith5sFlushingTheatrewasdesignedbyThomasLamb.In1982,waslistedontheNRHP.In1986,thetheatrewasboughtandclosedbynewownerwhoplannedbuildashoppingcentreonthesite,intentionallydamagingtheIn2019,despitethepreservationefforts,thehallwasknockeddownmakeforaresidentialtowerblock.MetropolitanOperaPhiladelphiaThetheatrewasoriginallyopenedasthePhiladelphiaOperaHouse1908.Inthe1920s,wasrenamedasMetropolitanOperaHouse,showingsilentfilmsadditionhostingvariousoperacompanies.Inthe1940s,becameasportsarena.In1954,wasturnedintoachurch.Inthelate1990s,thebuildingwaspurchasedHatcher.churchthedeveloperanagreementonaforamusicvenuewascompletedandreopened2018.21.Inthelate1920s,Proctor5sTheatreNewarksetupstands________-AshowrespectfortheguestsB.increasethetheatre'sincomeCpromotenewlyreleasedmoviesD、competewiththestreetsellers22.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.RKOKeith'sFlushingTheatrewellpreserved.B.Proctor5sTheatreTroyplayssecond-runfilmsnow.C.MetropolitanOperaHousehaswitnessedchangesfunction.D.Proctor'sTheatreNewarkhasbeenofficiallylistedontheNRHP.23.Whatthepuiposeofthispassage?A.Toranktheoldunrestoredtheatres.B.ToshowthedevelopmentofAmericantheatres.C.Toencouragepeopleprotecttheoldtheatres.D.Toprovideinformationonoverlookedoldtheatres.BTotheuntrainedeye,apingpongjustapingpongball.ToaBeverlyClearyfan,twomotorcyclehelmetsformice.EversinceICleary5sseriesaboutRalph,themotorcycle—ridingmouse,lookedatapingpongballortheworld—thesameway.AmazingthinkthatbeenmorethanfortyyearssinceIcheckedoutTheMousetheMotorcyclefrommyschoollibraryNorthport,andthatoneparticularimageasclearmeasever.Andwhyshouldn'tbe?perfect.HowIwantedamouseofmyownrideatoymotorcyclearoundmyhouse!ThanksCleary5sgenius,atalkingfriendseemednotpossiblebutprobable.Whilemuchofchildren'sliteratureattemptedexplaintheworldfromthepointofviewofawisegentleadult,Clearycreatedcharacterswhosawtheworldaschildrencan.Withgreatinterest,IreadeverybookthatBeverlyCleary'sname.SheseemedafriendwhounderstoodmewaysIdidn'tyetunderstandmyself.writteneightchildren'sbooksandhavealwayskeptBeverly5ssenseofwondermind.Idon'trememberatexactlywhatageIdecidedIwantedwritebooks,butIknowbysecondorthirdgrade,myteacherassignedaprojectthatallowedusfocusonwhateverwewanted.Mybestfriendpickeddolphins;Ichosechildren'sauthors,withalargechunkofmyprojectbeingaboutwhoelse?BeverlyCleary!Itoldthatstoryrecentlyaschoolgroup.Oneofthestudentssaid,"That'sfantastic!Youdidyourprojectonchildren5sauthorsandthenyoubecameone!”“Yes,”I"Andbestfriendwhodidherprojectondolphins—becameadolphin!，,"Really?”thestudentssaidchorus.AndthatperfectlysumsupwhyIwritingforchildren:thebeliefthatfantastic,magicalthingscanhappen.friendscanbecomedolphins;micecanridetoymotorcyclesandbecomeourfriends.That9swhatBeverlyCleaiytaughtme.Inthehandsofastoryteller,anythingpossible...andveryfunny.24.TheMouseandtheMotorcycleimpressedtheauthormainlybecause-------------------------.A.recordedanimals5B.revealedthewisdomoflifeC.encouragedchildrenraisepetsD.describedtheworldchildren'seyes25.Whenlearningauthor5sfriendbecameadolphin,thestudentsfeltA.amazedB.doubtfulC.scared.Dconfused26.Whatthepassagemainlyabout?A.Whattheauthorcreatedattractchildren.B.Whattheauthordidturnimpossibleintopossible.C.HowBeverlyClearyarousedchildren'sinterestreading.D.HowtheauthorwasinspiredbeawriterbyBeverlyCleary.CWhenachunkoficefellfromacollapsingglacier（冰川）ontheSwissAlps'MountEiger2017,partofthelongdeepsoundproducedwastooforhumanearsdetect.Butthesevibrationsheldacalculatingtheiceavalanche's塌）criticalcharacteristics.Low-frequencysoundwayescalledinfrasoundthattravelgreatdistancesthroughtheatmospherearealreadyusedmonitoractivevolcanoesafar.someresearchersthisfieldhaveswitchedfocusfromfireice:dangerousblockssnappingoffglaciers.Previousworkhasanalyzedinfrasoundfromsnowavalanchesneverice,BoiseStateUniversitygeophysicistJeffreyJohnson."Thiswasdifferent,Johnsonsays.signatureofanewmaterialhasbeendetectedinfrasound."Usuallyglaciersmovefarslowlygenerateinfrasoundsignal,whichresearcherspickupusingdetectorsthattrackslightchangesairpressure.Butacollapse—asudden,breakingoficetheglacier'smain—ainfrasoundproducer.Glacialcollapsesdriveiceavalanches,whichposeanincreasingthreatpeoplemountainousregionsasrisingtemperaturesweakenlargefieldsofice.Aglacierucanbecomedetachedthegroundduemelting,causingbiggerbreak—offs,”saysniversityofFlorencegeologistEmanueleMarchetti,leadauthorofthenewstudy.Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaysmonitoranddetectcollapses.Researchersoftenuseradartrackiceavalanches,whichprecisebutexpensivecanmonitoronelocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,cheaperdetectbreak—offeventsaroundamuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.Itchallenging,however,separateasignalintocomponentsastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakes)withoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel."ThemodelusedbyMarchettiafirstapproximationforthis,”shesays.Isolatingtherelevantsignalhelpstheresearchersmonitoraniceavalanche'sspeed,andvolumefromafarusinginfrasound.Marchettiandhiscolleaguesarenowworkingimprovetheirdetectorspickupmoresignalsacrossat-riskregionsEurope,theyhavesetcollaborationsaroundthecontinentbetterunderstandsignalsthatcollapsingglaciersproduce.Theyalsorefiningtheirmathematicalanalysisfigureouteachicecascade'sphysicaldetails.27.WhatcanwefromParagraph2Paragraph3?A.Infrasoundhasamajorplaydiscoveringmaterials.B.Iceavalanchesareabiggerthreatpeoplevolcaniceruptions.C.Researchersaretryinguseinfrasounddetectingiceavalanches.D.Scientistsemployinfrasoundmoremountainareasotherplaces.28.Whichanadvantageofinfrasoundoverradar?A,Thecombinationwithotherrelevantsignals.B.Theaccuracylocatingacertainavalanche.C.Theabilitypickingupsignalswiderareas.D.Thesensitivitytrackingpressurechanges.29.Theunderlinedword“this”P(pán)aragraph4refersAdistinguishingdifferentcomponentsofasignal.BdetectingmultipleavalanchesatthesameCcalculatingthespeedpathoficeavalanchesDmonitoringthespecificlocationoficebreak—offs30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthepassage?A.FromFireIceCNatureWarningB.GlacierWhispersD.SecretofIceAvalanchesDInover25years,DeSimonehasspunhisresearchfindingsintocommercialgoldbylaunchingseveralbusinesses.AsafacultymemberattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,providedscientificadviceandheldequitythebusinesses.Butheneveractuallymanagedhiscompanies.Hisemployersbarhimfromsimultaneouslyholdinganacademicpostandanexecutiveposition.Thedualrolescanpresenthugeconflicts.ConflictsofinterestCOIs）occurwhenanindividual’spersonalinterests—family,friendships,financial,orsocialfactors—couldcompromisehisorherjudgment,decisions,oractionstheworkplace,andmakessoundcareersensethinkaboutmanagethem.ResearchersshoulddisclosepotentialorexistingconflictsacrossallaspectsofacademicInmostplaces,COImanagementrunsonanhonorsystem.Researchersdecidewhichfinancialholdingsandrelationshipsdiscloseuniversityadministrators.Journalsandfundersadoptasimilarsystemwhentheyaskauthorsandpeerreviewersaboutpotentialconflictsrelatedmanuscriptorgrantapprovals.Mostresearchinstitutionsoffertraininghelpfacultymembersunderstandwhatconstitutesapotentialorexistingconflict.Administratorsthendecidewhethertheinterestpresentsaconflict,andwhetherthatconflictcanbehandled.IftheycreateamanagementaddressIfnot,researchersmustabandonthework,partnerwithresearchersatotherinstitutions,orleavetheiruniversity.Perceptionplaysapartdefiningapotentialconflict,warnsWalt,achemistatTuftsUniversity.Investigatorswhodevelopatechnologythelaboratoryandtransfertheircompanycouldcreateaconflictofinteresttheeyesoftheirstudents,Waltsays.Butthepotentialconflictcanbeavoidedbydraftingalicensingagreementthatbarsdiscoveriesfromautomaticallybeingtransferredtheinvestigator'scompany.Waltcreatedanarrangementassurehisstudentsthattheyweren'tactuallyworkingforhisprivatecompanies.Relationshipscanposeconflictswhenconferenceorganizersarechoosingspeakers.MembersoftheAmericanSocietyforHumanGeneticsprogramcommittee,whichselectsabstractsandtalksfortheirannualmeeting,mustrecuse（要求回避）themselvesfromconsideringtalksforexample,researchersattheircurrentpastinstitutions,closecollaboratorsandthosewithwhomtheyhavepersonalorfamilialties.Evendifferingpointsofviewcanplayapart.Scacheri,ageneticistwhochairsthecommittee,saysthatmemberswhohavedisagreedpersonallypotentialspeakersmightalsobeobligedrecusethemselves:"Ifyoufeellikecan'tbeanimpartial（公正的）reviewer,thatconsideredaCOI."HandlingCOIscanbeburdensome.COImanagersemphasizethatthegoalnotsuppressinnovation,exposepotentialconflictssothattheycanbemanaged."Nothingabouttheprocessmeantbeprohibitive,”saysGrewal,aCOIofficeratMIT.Herinstitutionwantsenablegoodscienceandthebettermentofhumanity.Duringthatprocess,”shesays,“ifmakemoney,that”sgoodaswell.”31.TheexampleofDeSimoneParagraph1usedmainly.AraiseaquestionB.reportafindingD.presentatheoryC.introduceatopic32.TobetterdealwithCOIs,.A.researchershavequittheirjobattheuniversityB.researchersshouldreporttheconflictsthatpossiblyexistCinstitutionsneedmonitorthestaff'scareerandrelationshipsD.institutionsshouldtrainresearcherscreatemanagementplans33.Whatcanweleamfrompassage?A.GrewalconsidersCOImanagementexhaustingandcostly.B.Waltarrangedtransferdiscoveriesathislabhiscompanies.C.Conferenceorganizersshouldavoidinvitingunqualifiedspeakers.D?Scacheribelievespersonalviewpointsmayimpactareviewer9sdecision.34.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.COIscanbedefineddependingoninterpretations.B.COIsbenefitscientificinnovationandbetterhumanity.C.COIsariseprimarilyduethepursuitoffinancialgains.D.COIscanbegotridofpromotingfairnessworkplaces.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Howmuchtimedoyoudoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoovereverydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.35Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitivebias（偏見(jiàn)）,atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.Tostudy“jumping”weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan600peoplefromthegeneralpopulation.Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtfulanalysis.InaaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheirwererightsignificantlythanotherparticipantsdid—evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.Sowhatbehind“jumping”？Psychologicalresearcherscommonlydistinguishbetweentwopathwaysofthought:automaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcomethemindeasily,spontaneouslyandwithouteffort,andcontrolledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Jumpersnonjumpersareequallyinfluencedautomaticthoughts.37Itthecontrolledsystemthathelpspeoplecounterbalancementalbiasesintroducedtheautomaticsystem.Asaresult,jumpersweremorelikelyaccepttheconclusionsmadeatfirstblushwithoutfurtherquestioning.Alackofcontrolledthinkingalsomorebroadlyconnectedtheirproblematicbeliefsandfaultyreasoning.38Ametliodcalledmetacognitivetrainingcanbetargettheirbiases,whichcanhelppeoplethinkdeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsareconfrontedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnaboutthemisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpschipawayatparticipants’overconfidence.Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourafrequentimportantone.39Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakebemoretimebeforemakingachoice.A.Happily,theremaybesomehopeforjumpers.B.Also,jumpersproblemswithoverconfidence.C.Butafairnumberofindividualsarequickjumpconclusions.D.Itcertainlypossibleforthemoverthinkthingstakeadecision.E.Weplancontinuetheworktraceotherproblemsintroducedbyjumping.F.Thejumpers,however,notengagecontrolledreasoningthesamedegreenon-jumpers.G.Recentstudiesthatevengatheringjustabitmoreevidencemayusavoidamajormistake.第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)（共4小題；第、412分，第題3分，第題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Youmightnothaveheardofthe“freshstarteffect”，butyou'veevermadeaNewYear'sresolution,you'refamiliarwithItrefersthehumantendencyactiontowardsachievingagoalafteraspecialoccasionorkeypassed.Thefreshstarteffectsimple.Mostpeoplewantimprovethemselvessomeway.Whenwehitimportantmilestones,wereoftenlikelyreflect:arewewherewethoughtwe'dbebyacertainage?thisyearasuccessfulyear,ordidwewasteAnnuallandmarkslikebirthdays,orthestartofayear,signifyatimeperiodanopportunityleaveslip-upsbehindandsetnewgoalsforbetterbehavior.Researchthatanticipationofabeginningakeymotivatorforthefresheffect.Forexample,peopleaged39,49etc.weremorelikelyrunamarathonforthefirsttime.Whenwereapproachingadecade,theyweremorelikelysearchformeaninglivesandimprovethemselves.Thereasonsimple.Whenweseeourpastselfasseparatefromourcurrentself,wefeeleasierintroducegoalsandtakeaction.What'sinterestingaboutthefreshstarteffectthatwedon'tneedwaitforbigmilestonestakeadvantageofthissuddendoseofmotivation.Studiesshowthatthefirstdayofeachmonthevenweekcanalsoinspireus.Thesedays,knownas“temporallandmarks”,encourageusstepbackandevaluateourcurrentsituation.Andwhenwedowethemotivationbebetter:webecomemoredrivenmoreproductive.ThatwhypeoplearelikelydietsorexerciseplansonMonday,ratherthanthenextday.Freshstartsareexcitingopportunitieslearnfromyourmistakesandmoveforward.Soyourecurrentlyexperiencinglossofmotivation,questioningthemeaningofyourorjustfeellikeyou'restuckarut,whydon'tyouthefreshstarteffectyourownlife?40.Accordingthepassage,what"freshstarteffect"?41.Whythat“anticipationofabeginningamotivatorforthefreshstarteffect”?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartfalsethefollowingstatement,thenunderlineandexplainwhy.>Afreshstartlik