Unit-8-KnowledgeandWisdom市公開課一等獎省賽課微課金獎?wù)n件

Unit8KnowledgeandWisdom(abridged)---BertrandRussell1/65AbouttheauthorBertrandRussell(1872-1970),Britishphilosopherandmathematician,wasoneoftheoutstandingfiguresof20thcenturyBritishphilosophy,andwasespeciallyimportantforhisworkinmathematicallogicandnotableforhissupportofhumanitariancauses.2/65Russellwastwiceimprisonedforactivitiesassociatedwithhisadvocacyofpacifism(1918),andawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1950.3/65Works:

AHistoryofWesternPhilosophy(NobelPrized)TheAutobiographyofBertrandRussellPrinciplesofMathematicsTheProblemsofPhilosophyMarriageandMoralsTheConquestofHappinessTheAnalysisofMind…Recommendedessays:WhatIHaveLivedforHowtoGrowOld4/65WhatIhavelivedforTheProloguetoBertrandRussell'sAutobiographyThreepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringsecstasy-ecstasysogreatthatIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflifeforafewhoursofthisjoy.5/65WithequalpassionIhavesoughtknowledge.Ihavewishedtounderstandtheheartsofmen.Ihavewishedtoknowwhythestarsshine.

Loveandknowledge,sofarastheywerepossible,ledupwardtowardtheheavens.Butalwayspitybroughtmebacktoearth.Echoesofcriesofpainreverberateinmyheart.Childreninfamine,victimstorturedbyoppressors,helplessoldpeopleaburdentotheirsons,andthewholeworldofloneliness,poverty,andpainmakeamockeryofwhathumanlifeshouldbe.Ilongtoalleviatethisevil,butIcannot,andItoosuffer.6/65Thishasbeenmylife.Ihavefounditworthliving,andwouldgladlyliveitagainifthechancewereofferedme.7/65Warm-upDiscussionWhatkindofpeopleareconsideredknowledgeable?Namesomegreatnames.Whatkindofpeopleareconsideredwise?Namesomegreatnames.Whichismuchharderinyouropinion,becomingknowledgeableorbecomingwise?Why?8/65Aretheymenofwisdom?9/65Aretheyclever?Aretheywise?10/65MemorablequotesScienceisorganizedknowledge.Wisdomisorganizedlife.Withoutknowledge,Icannotplaytheviolin.Withoutwisdom,Icouldnotplaythemusic.11/65QuestiontoponderWhatarethenecessaryelementsthatcontributetowisdom?

12/65StructureAnalysisPara.1IntroductionAlthoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom.Para.2-5Body4factorsthatcontributestowisdomcomprehensivevision縱觀全局能力afullawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlife對人類終級目標清醒認識emancipationfrompersonalprejudice擺脫個人偏見impartiality公正態(tài)度13/65Para.1Whatviewiscommonlyacceptedintermsofknowledgeandwisdom?Isthereanyorthodoxdefinitionofwisdom?Hasthewriterstatedthepurposeofthewriting?Whatisit?14/65Para.2-5Identifythetopicsentencesineachparagraph.15/65(para.2)1stfactor:comprehensivenessmixedwithasenseofproportionTopicsentence:OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.16/65paraphraseOftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacityto

takeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.(l.1-3)Amongcontributorstowisdom,Ishallseea

senseofproportionasthetoppriority.Itreferstotheabilitytogetacomprehensiveviewofaproblem,andinthemeantime,notewhichaspectismoreimportantandwhichisless.首先,我要提出是一個良好百分比意識,也就是能夠考慮一個問題全部主要方面,并分別給予它們適當重視能力。17/65Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanitusedtobeowingtotheextentandcomplexityofthespecializedknowledgerequiredofvariouskindsoftechnicians.(l.3-5)Ithasbecomemoredifficultthanbeforebecausedifferentkindsoftechniciansarerequiredtospecializeinmorecomplexandwiderrangeofknowledgetoday.因為現(xiàn)在要求各類技術(shù)人員掌握專業(yè)知識越來越多，越來越復雜，要做到良好百分比意識比以前更難了。18/65Youstudythecompositionoftheatomfroma

disinteresteddesireforknowledge,andincidentallyplaceinthehandsofpowerfullunaticsthemeansofdestroyingthehumanrace.(l.14-16)Youstudythemake-upoftheatomfroma

purelongingforknowledge,butyouputitintothehandsofmenofpowerwhoarecrazytouseittodestroythehumanrace.你出于對知識純粹渴望而研究原子組成，然而這一研究卻落入一群擁有權(quán)力狂熱分子手中，成為他們毀滅人類工具。19/65questionsWhy,accordingtothewriter,iscomprehensivenessanimportantfactorthatconstituteswisdom?Whatmessagedoesthewritertrytoconveywiththeexampleoftechnicians?20/65(para.3)2ndfactor:afullawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlifeTopicsentence:Theremustbe,also,acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife.（僅有縱觀全局能力還不足以稱之為智慧），我們還應對人類終級目標有清醒認識。21/65QuestionsWhatdoes“theendsofhumanlife”referto?Accordingtothewriter,howarefeelingsrelatedtowisdom?22/65(para.4)

3rdfactor:emancipationfrompersonalprejudiceTopicsentence:Itisneededinthechoiceofendstobepursuedandinemancipationfrompersonalprejudice.在選擇我們所追求人生目標以及從個人偏見中解放出來時，智慧是必不可少。23/65paraphraseEvenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainablemaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement.(l.3-4)Itwouldbeveryunwisetopursueagoalwhichisimpossibleofattainmentandboundtofailevenifitishonorabletorunafterit.追求一個不可能到達目標是不明智，即便它是個能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，且令人感到驕傲追求目標。24/65QuestionsHowcanwisdomhelponeinhis/herpursuitofalife-longcareer?Whatdoes“convincingeachthattheotherhasonlythenormalshareofhumanwickedness”suggest?25/65(para.5)4thfactor:impartialityTopicsentence:Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow.26/65paraphraseIthinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow.(l.1-2)Ithinktheessenceofwisdomistobefreefromthecruelandunjustpracticethatisbasedonwhathappensnowandhere.我想智慧本質(zhì)就是盡可能從“此時此地”霸道中解放出來。27/65Graduallywiththeyears,hishorizonwidens,andinproportionashisthoughtsandfeelingsbecomelesspersonalandlessconcernedwithhisownphysicalstates,heachievesgrowingwisdom.(l.5-7)Ashegrowsolderandhaswiderexperience,accordinglyhebecomesimpersonalandhisthoughtsandfeelingsarelessconcernedwithhimself,hebecomeswiser.伴隨年紀增加，視野開闊，一個人思想和情感變得不那么個人化，與本身身體情況也不那么親密，這時他指揮就會增加。28/65Butitispossibletomakeacontinualapproachtowardsimpartiality,ontheonehand,byknowingthingssomewhatremoteintimeorspace,andontheotherhand,bygivingtosuchthingstheirdueweightinourfeelings.(l.9-12)Itispossibletobecomeincreasinglyimpartialbygainingknowledgeaboutthehistoryandthefuture,andaboutotherpartsoftheworld,andbyshowingduerespectandinteresttodifferentthings.不過我們有可能去不停地靠近公正，首先經(jīng)過了解在時空上距離我們遙遠事物，另首先在感情上給予它們應有重視。29/65QuestionsWhat,accordingtoRussell,istheessenceofwisdom?Andhowcanoneacquiretheessence?Whatdoes“Thisisofcourseamatterofdegree.”mean?30/65surpasstobebeyondthelimit,powers,orcapacityof;transcend超越eg.Thereisnogreaterchallengethantosurpassyourself.這工作非他技術(shù)所能勝任。Thetasksurpasseshisskill.31/65eg.Thebeautyofthescenerysurpassedmyexpectation.todoorbebetterthan勝過，超出Wow,theresultssurpassedallourexpectations.Thelatecomerssurpasstheearlystarters.以后者居上Synonym:transcend,exceed,gobeyondsur-over,above,beyondeg.surcharge,surrealism32/65correlativeTimeiscorrelativewithspeed.時間是對速度而言。related;corresponding（與with,to連用）相關(guān)，相關(guān)聯(lián)，對應eg.民主是對集中而言Democracyiscorrelativewithcentralism.correlativeconjunction.關(guān)聯(lián)詞33/65ceasee.g.“foldourwings,andceasefromwanderings”“收起我們翅膀，停頓流浪””(Tennyson)v.Stopdoingsomethingorstophappening在很多小說里都有描述，樓蘭城在很久前就不復存在了。Lowlantowndescribedinmanynovelshaslongsinceceasedtoexist.停火！CeaseFire!口若懸河，滔滔不絕talkedonandonwithoutcease.34/65promoteeg.Ourteacherhasbeenpromotedtoheadmaster.

toadvancetothenexthighergrade.（常與to連用）提升他們將他提拔為將軍。Theypromotedhimtobeageneral.eg.Doyouhaveanyideahowtopromotethesalesofthisproduct?Toattempttosellorpopularizebyadvertisingorpublicity:宣傳，推銷promotion促銷35/65Milkpromoteshealth.牛奶可促進健康。

tocontributetotheprogressorgrowthof;支持；促進；勉勵促進增加/繁榮/了解…promotegrowth/prosperity/understanding倡議憲法修正案promoteaconstitutionalamendment.eg.promoteaBroadwayshow 主辦百老匯演出36/65Q&ＡPara.1Whatviewiscommonlyacceptedintermsofknowledgeandwisdom?Isthereanyuniversallyaccepteddefinitionofwisdom?Whatquestionsareraisedbythewriter?Aretheyallansweredinthetext?37/65contributetoeg.Theycontributedfoodandclothingtotherefugees.Togive,offer,donate宋朝為世界文明做出了三大貢獻——火藥，指南針，造紙術(shù)TheSongDynastycontributedthreegreatinventionstoworldcivilization.Exercisecontributestobetterhealth.Helptodo,helptosucceedeg.老實加苦干促成成功與幸福。Honestyandhardworkcontributetosuccessandhappiness.eg.HecontributedanarticletotheChinaDaily.contributionn.捐獻,貢獻,投稿38/65proportionAlargeproportionofthestudentsweresicklastweek.Aquitehighproportionoftheirincomesarespentonfuel.eg.Thisdoorisnarrowinproportiontoitsheight.theproperproportionbetweenoilandvinegar

inthedressing.n.thecorrectrelationinsize,degree成百分比Wedonotalwaysfindvisiblehappinessinproportiontovisiblevirtue.－－塞繆爾·約翰遜“我們會發(fā)覺可見幸福不一定與可見美德成正比”39/65vt.使成百分比,使均衡,分攤eg.proportiontheexpensestothereceipts量入為出outofproportiontoe.g.Whenyouareangry,youoftengetthingsoutofproportion.Tocosiderthingsgreaterormoreimportant,serious,etc.thanitreallyisorshouldbe無依據(jù)地夸大某事/不合百分比40/65dueeg.Duecaremustbetakenwhileoneisdriving.

proper,adequate適當;應有Theywillsurelymeetwithduepunishment.

dueesteem/respect/reward應有評價；全部應有尊敬Ourhappychildhoodisduetoourfather’shardwork.我們幸福童年應歸功于父親辛勤勞動。41/65spectacularAvatarisaspectacularfilm.阿凡達是一部場面壯觀電影。Theceremonialopeningoftheexhibitionwasveryspectacular.展覽會開幕式非常壯觀。Ofthenatureofaspectacle;impressiveorsensational.壯觀：場面自然；給人留下深刻印象或轟動42/65disinterestedAjudgeshouldbedisinterested,heshouldnotfavoranyindividuals.法官應該公平無私。上帝對每個人都是公平！TheGodmakeseveryonedisinterested.Freeofbiasandself-interest;impartial:無私，無偏見私欲，公正不阿：43/65Youstudytheformationoftheatomjustforthesakeofpurescientificknowledge,butwithyourresearchcomesthedestructiveweaponwhichmightbeusedbysomepowerfulbutextremelyfoolishpersonstodestroythehumanrace.44/65Peopleeatmorefruitandvegetablethanbeforeinpursuitofahealthierdiet.theactofstriving追求Therefore,ifwisdomisnottakenintoconsideration,thepursuitofknowledgecanbedamaging,andthosespecialistswhoarepursuingknowledgedon’tnecessarilyhavethewisdomdefinedasanall-roundinsight.Notallthespecialistswhoarepursuingknowledgehavethewisdomthatcantakealltheaspectsofaproblemintoconsideration.所以，假如不結(jié)合智慧，知識追求可能是有害而無益，而那些追求知識專業(yè)人士身上就未必有這種統(tǒng)攬全局思想。45/65Para.2Whatdoes“asenseofproportion”mean?“thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.”Canyouparaphrasethissentence?

theabilitytojudgecorrectlywhatfactorsareofmoreimportanceandwhatareoflessimportance.Whyis“asenseofproportion”animportantfactorthatconstitutewisdom?

Becauseoftheextentandcomplexityofthespecializedknowledge,onewhoisengagedinonespecificfieldmayfailtoforeseethepossibleharmfuloutcome.

46/65eminentaneminentpeak.巍峨山峰toweringorstandingoutaboveothers;prominent高聳，巍峨eg.Thestudentsareexpectingthearrivalofaneminentscientist.beeminentamongone'scontemporaries

famousanddistinguished,respectableeminentsouls社會名流，出色人士eminentfame聲譽卓著47/65distortHisfacewasdistortedbyrage.他因發(fā)怒而臉色大變。totwistoutofaproperornaturalrelationofparts;misshape.使變形；扭曲；使失真

distorthistory/distortthefacts篡改歷史/歪曲事實deliberatelydistort/distorttheoriginalintention有意歪曲/曲解原意misrepresent(motives,facts,statements,etc)歪曲，曲解48/65FullnameGeorgWilhelmFriedrichHegelBirthAugust27,1770(Stuttgart,Germany)DeathNovember14,1831(aged

61)(Berlin,Germany)School/traditionGermanIdealism;FounderofHegelianism49/65inculcateeg.Itisimportanttoinculcatetheyoungwiththesenseofduty.向年輕人灌輸責任感tofix(ideasandprinciples)inthemindofsb.,toteach(others)byfrequentinstructionorrepetition重復灌輸,諄諄教誨

50/65Standard-bearereg.LuHsunwasthegreatestandthemostcourageousstandard-bearerofthisnewculturalforce.aleaderinapoliticalgroupofcampaign旗手；領(lǐng)袖ThroughitsownworktheYouthLeaguehasproveditselftobeastandardbearerofthefinesonsanddaughtersofthemotherlandandacapableassistanttothePartyonallfronts.青年團在自己工作中，表現(xiàn)得不愧為祖國優(yōu)異兒女旗幟，不愧為黨在各個戰(zhàn)線上有力助手。51/65Itisbynomeansuncommontofindmenwhoseknowledgeiswidebutwholesfeelingsarenarrow.SuchmenlackwhatIcallwisdom.=itisverycommontofindpeoplewhoarerichinknowledgebutpoorinfeelings.Thesemandon’thavethewisdominmydifinition.我們經(jīng)常發(fā)覺一些人知識淵博，可情感狹隘，這些人就缺乏我所言之“智慧”。52/65Para.3Whatdoes“comprehensiveness”referto?

Itreferstotheabilitymentionedinthepreviousparagraph.Similarmeaningto“asenseofproportion”.Whatdoes“theendsofhumanlife”referto?Itreferstothegoalsofhumanlife.Whatdoes“bynomeansuncommon"mean?

bynomeans=notatallbynomeansuncommon=verycommon

53/65Para.4Whatdoes“convincingeachthattheotherhasonlythenormalshareofhumanwickedness”suggest?

Thissuggeststhatallhumansarewickedtosomeextent.54/65emancipation(from)freedomfrompolitical,moral,intellectualorsocialrestraintsoffensivetoreasonorjustice解放釋放eg.theemancipationofallmankind全人類解放EmancipationProclamation[美]解放黑奴宣言55/65prejudice偏見；成見eg.Ajudgemustbefreefromprejudice.socialprejudice

Hehasaprejudiceagainstallforeigners.比較prejudice,bias,partialityprejudice指“除了私人感情以外毫無依據(jù)判斷或成見,常帶有惡意”,如:eg.Hehadaprejudiceagainstthem.bias指“依個人好惡或成見提出有偏差意見或判斷”,如:eg.Hehadabiastowardtheplan.partiality指“偏袒”或“偏愛”,如:Hehadapartialityforchess.56/65conferon(upon)grant授予(稱號、學位等),贈與,把...贈與eg.Thequeenconferredknighthoodsonseveraldistinguishedmen.Thehonorwasconferredonhimjustafterthewar.57/65appallingfrightful令人震驚,駭人聽聞eg.appallingworkingconditionsappallingviolence.

Whenwillthisappallingwarend?Hisignoranceisappalling.58/65Para.5Whatdoes“Thisisofcourseamatterofdegree”?Thewritersuggeststhatpeoplecannotavoidbeingpartial.Thedifferencebetweenawisemanandanunwisemanistheformerhasalesserdegreeofpartiality.Asonebecomesmoreimpartial,hiswisdomgrows.59/65beboundupwithbeinvolvedin,dependenton,connectedwith與...有親密聯(lián)絡(luò);與...利益一致eg.Thesurvivalofthesecreaturesisint