安徽省蕪湖市2023-2024 高二下學(xué)期第一次學(xué)情診斷英語試題（含答案解析）

2023—2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期第一次學(xué)情檢測(cè)英語試題考生注意：1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。2.答題前，考生務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆將密封線內(nèi)項(xiàng)目填寫清楚。3.考生作答時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；非選擇題請(qǐng)用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.【答案】C1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whenisitprobablyconvenientforthewomantoreceivetheorder?A.At5:30. B.At6:20. C.At6:40.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Wecandeliveryourordertoday.Wouldyouliketoreceiveitinthemorningorintheafternoon?W:Well,I’llbeatworkalldayandbehomefromworkat5:30.So,you’dbettersenditafter6:30.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatisthewomansatisfiedwithaboutthehouse?A.Thekitchen. B.Thebedroom. C.Thefurniture.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Thekitchenistoosmallandthefurnitureistooold.M:Atleast,thebedroomisbigenough.W:Yeah,that’stheonlyreasonwhyIthinkthehouseisstillacceptable.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatwillTeddointheperformance?A.Holdthedragonball. B.Actthedragonbody. C.Wavethedragonhead.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Ted,Ihearyou’llgiveadragondanceperformancetomorrow.Sowillyouwavethelionheadorthelionbodyorthetail?M:No.I’llholdaballcalledadragonball.Iusetheballtocommandtheactionofthedragon.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhydoesthegirlcometoMike?ATolearnabouthiscollection.B.Toaskhimaboutamuseum.C.Toinvitehimtoanexhibition.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Mike,areyouinterestedinlearningaboutthehistoryofcars?M:Certainly.YouknowI’macarlover.I’veevencollectedalotofmodelcars.W:There’saspecialexhibitionaboutcarinventorsinBeijingAutoMuseum.Whataboutgoingtherethisafternoon?M:Whynot?5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirkids’hobbies. B.Theirpastweekend. C.Anaturepark.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Didyouhaveaniceweekend?M:Yes.MyfamilywenttotheRainforestationNaturePark.Wecampedthere.Andwesawmanywildanimalsandplants.Whataboutyou?W:Iwenthikingwithmyson.It’shisfavoritesport.Ifeltreallytired,butIenjoyedmyself.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Whogaveaspeechlastweek?A.Adoctor. B.Acook. C.Acomputerengineer.7.Whatwillnextweek’sspeechbeabout?A.Studyingcomputerscienceatwork.B.Plantingvegetablesinspace.C.Keepinghealthyinlife.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Whatdoyouthinkoftoday’sguestspeaker?W:Great!I’mgladwe’vegotthechancetolearnsomethingfreshaboutcomputerscience.M:Istillthinklastweek’sspeaker,DrSmith,isbetter.Afterlisteningtohisspeech,Ilearntmoreaboutmybodyandknewhowtokeephealthythroughexerciseanddietinlife.W:Well,hisspeechisreallyhelpful.Doyouknowwhoiscomingnextweek?M:We’llgetavisitfromanastronaut.Hewillopenoureyestogrowingvegetablesinspace.W:Wow!Ithinknextweek’sspeechwillbeexciting.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Wheredidtheboyprobablygolastnight?A.Toacinema. B.Toastadium. C.TotheGreens’.9.Whatwillthespeakersdothisafternoon?A.Finishtheirhomework. B.Dosomepart-timejobs. C.Takecareofalittleboy.【答案】8.C9.A【解析】【原文】M:Sara,howdoyoulikethemovieyousawlastnight?W:Reallygood.Youshouldhavegonetowatchitwithus.M:Iwantedto,butIhadababysittingjoblastnight.TheGreenswenttothestadiumtowatchafootballmatchandtheyaskedmetostayhomewiththeirsonforafewhours.W:Didyougetpaid?M:Yes.Iwaspaid14dollarsanhourandIreceived42dollarslastnight.W:Ibetyouhaven’tfinishedyourhomework.M:Notyet.Howaboutyou?W:Meeither.Iguesswecandoittogetherthisafternoon.Ineedsomehelpfromyou.M:OK.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Wheredoesthisconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inazoo. B.Inasupermarket. C.Inanamusementpark.11.Whatdoestheboyweartoday?A.Awhiteshirt. B.Blackshorts. C.AblackT-shirt.12.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Makeanannouncement. B.Gotothepolicestation. C.Searchfortheboy.【答案】10.C11.C12.A【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme,canyoudomeafavor?M:Sure,madam.WhatcanIdoforyou,please?W:Icannotfindmyson.Afterwegotoffthepirateboat,hesaidhewantedtotrytherollercoaster.Heranfastahead.Afteroneminuteortwo,IfoundIcouldn’tfindhimanywhere.M:Don’tworry,madam.MayIhaveyournameandyourson’sname,please?W:Yes.I’mTinaandmysonisAlan.He’sjustaseven-year-oldboy.M:Whatdoesyourboylooklike?W:Oh,Ihaveapictureofhimonmymobilephone.Hereyouare.Butheisn’tinthewhiteshirtortheblackshortstoday.He’sinablackT-shirtwithapolarbearpatternandapairofnavybluejeans.M:OK.I’llbroadcastanannouncementthroughthepublicaddresssystem.聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife. B.Colleagues. C.Classmates.14.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutmostgamesinthemorning?A.Unsatisfied. B.Excited. C.Worried.15.Whichpartdoesthemanlikebest?A.Thetrustgame. B.Thepersonalitytest. C.Therelayrace.16.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Haveabreak. B.Havelunch. C.Playanothergame.【答案】13.B14.A15.B16.A【解析】【原文】M:Whatdoyouthinkofthoseteambuildinggamesinthemorning?W:Mostofthemarereallysilly.Idon’tknowhowmuchtheycanhelpustobeabetterteam.M:Butwe’vegottobeabletoseeanothersideofmanypeople.Wecanseewhatthey’rereallylikethroughplayinggamestogether.Forexample,Ididn’tknowourbossissuchawarm-heartedman.Ithinkithelpsourteambecomebetter.W:Yeah,tosomedegree,you’reright.Ithinkthetrustgameinthemorningisworthplaying.Inordertohaveastrongteam,we’vegottolearnhowtotrusteachother.M:Ican’tagreemore.Butmyfavoritepartisthepersonalitytest.Ithinkknowingmoreaboutourpersonalitytypewilltellushowwecanfitintoateam.W:Yeah.Oh,it’snearly1:30pm.I’mreallyfullaftersuchabigmeal.Doyouknowwhatthefirstgameisintheafternoon?M:Yeah.Therewillbeafunrelayraceat2:30pm.Sowecanrestfornearlyanhour.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.WhatdidthespeakerthinkofherlifeinGhana?A.Relaxing. B.Busy. C.Boring.18.Wheredidthebabybirdliketorest?A.Ontowels. B.Inatree. C.Inthespeaker’shand.19.Whydidn’tthespeakernamethebird?A.Shecouldn’tcomeupwithagoodone.B.Sheknewthebirdwouldfinallyleaveher.C.Sheconsidereditstrangetonameabird.20.Whatdidthespeakerdoafterthebirdflewaway?A.ShemovedbacktoEngland.B.Shemanagedtogetitback.C.Shewroteabookaboutit.【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.C【解析】【原文】ImovedtoGhanafromEnglandbecausemyhusband,Robin,tookanewjobthere.OurhousetherewasneartheVoltaRiver.Withfewpeoplearoundourhome,Iturnedtonature.Ifeltasenseofreliefinthisnewplace.Oneday,Ifoundababybird.Hisnestwasblownfromatree.Iplacedhiminaboxwithtowels.Forthenext84days,whereverIwent,itwouldflyaroundme.Helikedtojumptomyhandtorest.Sosometimes,Iateandwenttothetoiletone-handed,ashewassleepinginmyhand.Itwasn’tstrangetonameabird,butInevergavehimaname.Iknewthebirddidn’tbelongtome—Ihadtoremindmyselfthatheneededtoreturntothewild.Almostthreemonthslater,thebirdlookedlikeanadultone.Itwastimeforhimtogo.IflewbacktoEnglandforChristmasandduringthattimemyhusbandletthebirdflyaway.Raisingthisbirdencouragedmetodosomethingbig.Later,Ijoinedalocalconservationgroupandbroughtoutabookaboutourstory.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALifeBookThereisnogreatergiftthatyoucangivetothenextgenerationsofyourfamilythanyourstory.How?Bysharingyourstoryintheformofaprivateautobiography(自傳).LifeBook,providingafullrangeofservices,willunlockthoughtsandmemories,bringingthemtogetherinawaythatwillbeenjoyable,stimulatinganddeeplyrewarding,andcreateyourownautobiography,200pagesplus60ofyourownphotos.Yourbookin3simplesteps★RelivememoriesandstoriesYourpersonalinterviewerwillbeskilledintheartoflistening.Over12meetings,heorshewilllearnyourstory,helpingyourecallmemoriesinanenjoyableandstimulatingway.★Finishthemanuscript(初稿),completewithphotosEveryminuteofyourconversationswithourinterviewerisrecordedandthensharedwithyourdevotedwriter.Heorshewillworkwithyoutofinishamanuscriptyouarehappywith.★ShareyourlifestorywithlovedonesWhenthemanuscriptisdone,it’stimeforthefinalstageofproducingyourbook.Soon,10copiesofabeautifullybound,hardbackbookwillbedelivereddirectlytoyouandthefamilymembersyou’vechosentoreceivea“firstedition”.Thenenjoytheexcitementandprideofsharingyourveryownpersonalautobiographywithyourfamily,nowandforever.RememberandberememberedMyhopeisthatmygrandchildrenandthenextgenerationwillgetsomeofthevaluesthatareimportanttome.ItisthebestgiftIcouldhavegiventomyfamily.—JerrieRudd-BreenMychildrenandgrandchildrenwereamazedwhenIpresentedthemwiththebooks.Myeldestsonthenimmediatelyreadhiscopyfromcovertocover.—HarryGowStartyourstorytellingjourneyandpreserveyourlegacyintoyourveryownprivateautobiography!It’seasytogetstarted;calltodayon08009992280.21.WhatservicedoesLifeBookprovide?A.Recallingmemoriesinanenjoyingway. B.Chooseagreatgiftforone’sfamily.C.Improveone’sthinkingability. D.Writeabookaboutone’slife.22.Whichofthefollowingwillyoudointhesecondstep?A.Pickoutsixtyphotos. B.Rewriteyourmanuscript.C.Meetyourinterviewerforthelasttime. D.Recordyourconversationswithyourwriter.23.What’sthepurposeofthe“Rememberandberemembered”part?A.Tocallforcomments. B.Topromotesomewriters.C.Tosharesomegoodstories. D.ToattractcustomerstoLifeBook.【答案】21.D22.A23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。想給你的家人后代一份特別的禮物嗎？來了解一下LifeBook提供的服務(wù)吧?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“LifeBook,providingafullrangeofservices,willunlockthoughtsandmemories,bringingthemtogetherinawaythatwillbeenjoyable,stimulatinganddeeplyrewarding,andcreateyourownautobiography,200pagesplus60ofyourownphotos.(LifeBook提供全方位的服務(wù)，將解鎖思想和記憶，以一種愉快、刺激和深刻回報(bào)的方式將它們匯集在一起，并創(chuàng)建您自己的自傳，200頁加上60張您自己的照片。)”可知，LifeBook提供的服務(wù)是為人代寫自傳，故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二步是要完成有照片的初稿，再結(jié)合第二段中的“200pagesplus60ofyourownphotos.(200頁加上60張您自己的照片。)”和“Yourbookin3simplesteps(只需3個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單步驟即可完成您的圖書)”中的第二個(gè)“Finishthemanuscript

(初稿),completewithphotos(完成初稿，附照片）”可知，顧客在這一步要挑出60張照片。故選A。【23題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Rememberandberemembered（記住并被記?。辈糠至谐隽藘蓚€(gè)人對(duì)LifeBook的正面反饋和提供聯(lián)系方式的最后一段，這是在吸引顧客。故選D。BPhiloTaylorFarnsworthinventedthecurrentsystemoftelevisiontransmission(傳輸)andreceptionin1928,anditwasconsideredoneofthegreatscientificinventionsofthe20thcentury.Itwasremarkablebecausetheyounginventorhadjustcelebratedhis22ndbirthday.Farnsworthhaddesiredtobeaninventorsincetheageofsix.Farnsworthwasjust14whenhehadtheideaoftelevision.OnAugust26,1930,aboutadecadeafterfirsthavingtheideathatwasthebasisofhisinvention,hereceivedthepatent(專利)ontheelectronictelevisionsystem.Bytheendofhislife,hehadheldmorethan300patents.Farnsworthwasn’tthefirstpersontodreamuptelevision,buthewasthefirstpersontofindawaytomakeitworkwithoutamechanicalaspect.Thebiggestproblemthatinventorsfacedwashowtotransmitimagedata.Farnsworth’scentralinnovationwastoimagineawayofdoingitthatreliedonelectronictechnologyalone,andsowouldn’tbesloweddownbytheabilitiesofamechanicalimage-transmittingsystem.Farnsworthdreameduphisideawhilehewasdrivingahorse-drawnharrow(耙)onthefamily’snewfarminIdaho.Ashewasplowing(犁)apotatofieldinstraight,parallel(平行的)lines,hesawtelevision.Heimaginedasystemthatwouldbreakanimageintohorizontal(水平的)linesandputthoselinesbacktogetherintoapictureattheotherend.In1927,PhiloandhiswifeElmawatchedashemadethefirsttransmission:Ahorizontallinewastransmittedtoareceiverinthenextroom.Twoyearsafterthatfirsttransmission,FarnsworthsentanimageofElmaandherbrother,makingherthefirstwomanonTV.Farnsworththoughthisinventionhadrealisticprospects.“Ifwewereabletoseepeopleinothercountriesandlearnaboutourdifferences,whywouldtherebeanymisunderstandings?”heasked.“Warwouldbeathingofthepast.”24.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Farnsworthhadtheideaofinventingthetelevisionsincehewassix.B.ElmaandherbrotherwereonTVtogetherin1929.C.Farnsworthwasthefirstpersontodreamuptelevision.D.ThefirsttelevisioninventedbyFarnsworthappearedin1930.25.WhatwasthebiggestchallengeFarnsworthfacedwhendevelopingthesystemoftelevision?AHowtorecognizethepicture.B.Howtomakethepictureclearer.C.Howtotransmitimagedatausingelectronictechnology.D.Howtoimprovetheabilitiesofthemechanicalimage-transmittingsystem.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFarnsworth’sprocessofinventingthesystemoftelevision?A.Practicemakesperfect. B.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.C.Natureisanendlesssourceofinspiration. D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.27.WhatdidFarnsworththinkofhisinvention?A.Itinspiredpeopletoliveacomfortablelife.B.Ithelpedclearupmisunderstandingsbetweenpeopleindifferentcountries.C.Itenabledpeopletounderstandwarsdeeply.D.Itencouragedustobecuriousabouttheoutsideworld.【答案】24.B25.C26.C27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。本文主要介紹了發(fā)明了電視傳輸和接收系統(tǒng)的PhiloTaylorFarnsworth的故事?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“In1927,PhiloandhiswifeElmawatchedashemadethefirsttransmission:Ahorizontallinewastransmittedtoareceiverinthenextroom.Twoyearsafterthatfirsttransmission,FarnsworthsentanimageofElmaandherbrother,makingherthefirstwomanonTV.(1927年，菲羅和他的妻子埃爾瑪觀看了他的第一次傳輸：一條水平線被傳輸?shù)礁舯诜块g的接收器上。在第一次傳輸兩年后，法恩斯沃斯發(fā)送了埃爾瑪和她哥哥的照片，使她成為電視上的第一位女性。)”可知，F(xiàn)arnsworth的妻子Elma和她兄弟一起出現(xiàn)在電視傳送的圖像上是在第一次播送的兩年后，即在1929年。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“Thebiggestproblemthatinventorsfacedwashowtotransmitimagedata.Farnsworth’scentralinnovationwastoimagineawayofdoingitthatreliedonelectronictechnologyalone,andsowouldn’tbesloweddownbytheabilitiesofamechanicalimage-transmittingsystem.(發(fā)明者面臨的最大問題是如何傳輸圖像數(shù)據(jù)。Farnsworth的核心創(chuàng)新是設(shè)想了一種僅依靠電子技術(shù)的方法，這樣就不會(huì)被機(jī)械圖像傳輸系統(tǒng)的能力所拖慢。)”可知，F(xiàn)arnsworth當(dāng)時(shí)最大的困難是如何利用電子技術(shù)傳輸圖片數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。【26題詳解】推斷理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的“Farnsworthdreameduphisideawhilehewasdrivingahorse-drawnharrow(耙)onthefamily’snewfarminIdaho.Ashewasplowing(犁)apotatofieldinstraight,parallel(平行的)lines,hesawtelevision.(Farnsworth是在家里愛達(dá)荷州的新農(nóng)場(chǎng)里開著馬耙時(shí)想出這個(gè)主意的。當(dāng)他把一塊馬鈴薯田犁成平行線時(shí)，他看到了電視。)”可知，F(xiàn)arnsworth在農(nóng)場(chǎng)耕地的時(shí)候，看著犁耙犁出來的一條條線，他想到了電視。故選C?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的““Ifwewereabletoseepeopleinothercountriesandlearnaboutourdifferences,whywouldtherebeanymisunderstandings?”heasked.“Warwouldbeathingofthepast.”(“如果我們能夠看到其他國(guó)家的人，了解我們之間的差異，為什么會(huì)有任何誤解呢?”他問。“戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)將成為過去?！?”可知，F(xiàn)arnsworth的這句話是用來支撐自己的觀點(diǎn)，F(xiàn)arnsworth認(rèn)為電視的發(fā)明能夠幫助人們消除誤解（擺脫戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)）。故選B。CForalltheimportanceweplaceonwords,whetherspokenorwritten,muchofthecommunicatingwedoonaregularbasiscomesthroughbodylanguage.AccordingtopioneeringresearchbyDr.AlbertMehrabian,only7percentofthemeaningfromhumancommunicationcomesfromtheactualspokenwordsused.Anadditional38percentcomesfrompeople’stoneofvoice,whilealarge55percentcomesfrombodylanguage.Researchershavelongidentifiedthatcertainkindsofbodymovementsandfacialexpressionscancommunicateinformationabouttheemotionswehappentobeexperiencingatthetime.Butaretheseemotionalsignalsshapedbydifferentculturesoraretheyuniversaltoallhumans?AnewresearcharticlepublishedinthejournalEmotionattemptstoanswerthisquestionthroughacross-culturalstudy.TheresearcherstraveledtoRatanakiri,CambodiatostudymembersofadistantKreunghilltribe(部落).LivinginCambodia’shighlands,theKreungarestilllargelyseparatedfromtheoutsideworldexceptforoccasionalvisitors.Theyhaveyettobeassimilated(同化)asmanyothersocietieshavebeen.Inthestudy,asetofvideoswerepreparedfeaturinganAmericanwoman,displayingthreepositiveemotions(happiness,loveandpride)andthreenegativeemotions(anger,fearandsadness)usingbodylanguagealone.Theeffectivenessofthesevideoswastestedusingthirty-fourAmericanparticipants.Thevideoswerethenpresentedtotwenty-sixKreungindividuals(elevenofwhomwerefemale).Theywereaskedtodescribetheemotionsbeingdisplayedintheirownwords.ResultsshowedthattheKreungparticipantstendedtobequiteaccurateinguessingwhichemotionswerebeingpresented.Theoverallaccuracyratewassixty-twopercentthoughtheiraccuracyindetectingspecificemotionssuchasangerandhappinesswasfarhigher.Overall,therewasnosignificantdiscrepancybetweenKreungandAmericanratersindetectingemotions,thoughAmericanparticipantsdidmuchbetterindetectingprideandlove.Still,thestudydoessuggestthatbodymovementscanexpressemotionssuchasanger,fear,sadnessandloveeventoindividualsbelongingtodifferentcultures.Emotionalsignalsreflectbasichumanneedsanddesiresthatallhumansshare.Learningmoreabouthowbasicbiologyandsocialfactorsshapethewaywecommunicatemaywellbeessentialinhelpingtounderstandourselvesbetter.28.WhyweretheKreungchoseninthestudy?A.Theyliveahardandpoorlife. B.Theymakealivingbydevelopingtourism.C.Theyenjoyarelativelyunaffectedculture. D.Theyusebodylanguagealonetocommunicate.29.HowdoesthewriterdescribetheresultsofthestudyinParagraph5?A.Byusingpictures. B.Bytellingstories. C.Byanalyzingcauses. D.Bymakingcomparisons.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discrepancy”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Difference. B.Communication. C.Relation. D.Balance.31.Whatdidtheresearchersconcludefromthestudy?A.Emotionalsignalsareessentiallylanguages.B.Emotionalbodylanguagemaygobeyondculture.C.Humanssharealltheemotionalbodymovements.D.Biologyandsocialfactorsaffectbasichumanneedsanddesires.【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。研究表明，情感肢體語言在不同文化中是普遍存在的?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的“LivinginCambodia’shighlands,theKreungarestilllargelyseparatedfromtheoutsideworldexceptforoccasionalvisitors.Theyhaveyettobeassimilated(同化)asmanyothersocietieshavebeen.(科倫族生活在柬埔寨的高地，除了偶爾的游客外，他們基本上與外界隔絕。他們還沒有像許多其他社會(huì)一樣被同化)”可知，研究選擇科倫族是因?yàn)樗麄兿鄬?duì)不受外界文化的影響。故選C?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Overall,therewasnosignificantdiscrepancybetweenKreungandAmericanratersindetectingemotions,thoughAmericanparticipantsdidmuchbetterindetectingprideandlove.(總體而言，盡管美國(guó)參與者在識(shí)別驕傲和愛方面做得更好，但在檢測(cè)情緒方面，科倫族和美國(guó)參與者之間沒有顯著差異)”推知，作者是通過作比較來描述結(jié)果的，故選D?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段的“ResultsshowedthattheKreungparticipantstendedtobequiteaccurateinguessingwhichemotionswerebeingpresented.(結(jié)果顯示，科倫族的參與者在猜測(cè)所呈現(xiàn)的情緒方面往往相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確)”以及“thoughAmericanparticipantsdidmuchbetterindetectingprideandlove(盡管美國(guó)參與者在判斷自豪感和友愛方面做得更好)”可知，這是讓步狀語從句，前后有轉(zhuǎn)折意味：盡管美國(guó)參與者在判斷自豪感和友愛這兩方面做得更好，但柬埔寨的科倫族和美國(guó)人在判斷情緒方面沒有顯著差異。由此可知，discrepancy的意思是“差異”。故選A?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Still,thestudydoessuggestthatbodymovementscanexpressemotionssuchasanger,fear,sadnessandloveeventoindividualsbelongingtodifferentcultures.(不過，這項(xiàng)研究確實(shí)表明，身體動(dòng)作可以表達(dá)憤怒、恐懼、悲傷和愛等情緒，甚至對(duì)不同文化背景的人也是如此)”可推知，情感肢體語言可能跨越文化，被人們通用。故選B。DTheincreaseinprimate(靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物)ecotourismiscausingstress-relatedbehaviorsinmonkeys,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudy,ledbytheUniversityofPortsmouth,lookedattheimpactofasingleenginemotorboatapproachingacommunityofproboscismonkeys(長(zhǎng)鼻猴).Thosemonkeysareunusualwiththeirverylongnoses,whichmakesthemappealingtotourists.Andmanyoftheboatscarryingthetouristsapproachtheprimatesquicklyandloudly,oftenreachingtheriverbanksjustafewmetersawayfromthewildlife.Theresearchersconductedtheexperimentbyapproachingthemonkeysinamotorboatwithdifferentspeedsandtraveldistances—fast-close(approachingthemonkeysfor10secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof14.4km/hr),slow-close(approachingthemonkeyfor40secondswhen40metersawayataspeedof3.6km/hr),andslow-farconditions(approachingthemonkeysfor20secondswhen100metersaway,ataspeedof3.6km/hr).Theresultsshowedthatthemonkeysdisplayedstress-relatedbehaviorsforlongerinthefast-closeandslow-closeconditionsandalsoreducedfeedingasaresultoftheboatapproachinginthefast-closecondition.Oncetheboatstartedtoapproach,theproboscismonkeysshowedrepeatedscratching(撓)andoftenmovedquicklybackwardstohideinthetrees.Thiscouldpotentiallycausethemonkeystoleavetheirsafesleepingsitesandtogodeepintotheforestasitgetsdark,wheretheycouldfaceahigherriskofpredation(捕食行為).“Collectively,ourfindingssuggestthattheapproachofasinglemotorboatledtostressinproboscismonkeyswhentheywereapproachedascloselyas60metersfromtheothersideoftheriver,regardlessofthespeedofapproach,”saidDrMarinaDavila-Ross,leadauthorofthestudy.Theresearchersthusproposethatguidelinesforprimatetourismintheriversideareasshouldincludeanapproachspeedofnomorethan4km/hrwithin100metersoftheproboscismonkeys.Theysuggestitisalsoimportanttokeepadistance,preferablynocloserthan60metersaway,fromthemonkeys.“Suchinformationmightbehelpfulfortourists,allowingthemtomodify(修改)theirbehaviorswhenvisitingtheprimatesandwhenencouragingguidestofollowtheguidelines,”DrDavila-Rossadded.32.Whatdidtheresearchers’experimentshowaboutproboscismonkeys?A.Theyfoundtheslow-closeconditionmoststressful.B.Theytendedtogohuntingwhenfacedwithdanger.C.Theylosttheirsenseofsafetyatthesoundofmotorboats.D.Theylosttheirwayveryeasilyatthesightofmotorboats.33.Whatdotheresearchersadvisetouriststodo?A.Toapproachproboscismonkeyslessfrequently.B.Toavoidgettingtooclosetoproboscismonkeys.C.Toaskguidesformoreinformationaboutproboscismonkeys.D.Tobehavethemselveswhiletryingtofeedproboscismonkeys.34.Whichofthefollowingmaybethewriter’sattitudetowardsprimateecotourism?A.Concerns. B.Confidence. C.Disapproval. D.Disinterest.35.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.PrimateEcotourism:abetterunderstandingofprimatesB.PrimateEcotourism:gettingclosetotheprimatesC.PrimateEcotourism:theconservationofprimatesD.PrimateEcotourism:anegativeeffectonprimatebehavior【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，新的研究表明，靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物生態(tài)旅游的增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致長(zhǎng)鼻猴的壓力應(yīng)激行為。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theresultsshowedthatthemonkeysdisplayedstress-relatedbehaviorsforlongerinthefast-closeandslow-closeconditionsandalsoreducedfeedingasaresultoftheboatapproachinginthefast-closecondition.Oncetheboatstartedtoapproach,theproboscismonkeysshowedrepeatedscratching( 撓 )andoftenmovedquicklybackwardstohideinthetrees.Thiscouldpotentiallycausethemonkeystoleavetheirsafesleepingsitesandtogodeepintotheforestasitgetsdark,wheretheycouldfaceahigherriskofpredation(捕食行為).(結(jié)果表明，在快近和慢近條件下，猴子表現(xiàn)出與壓力相關(guān)的行為的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，并且在快近條件下，由于船只接近而減少進(jìn)食。一旦船開始靠近，長(zhǎng)鼻猴就會(huì)反復(fù)抓撓，并經(jīng)常迅速后退，躲到樹上。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致猴子在天黑時(shí)離開它們安全的睡覺地點(diǎn)，進(jìn)入森林深處，在那里它們可能面臨更高的捕食風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。)”可知，摩托艇的聲音會(huì)使長(zhǎng)鼻猴喪失安全感，故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theysuggestitisalsoimportanttokeepadistance,preferablynocloserthan60metersaway,fromthemonkeys.(他們建議，與猴子保持距離也很重要，最好不超過60米)”可知，研究者們建議游客要避免距離長(zhǎng)鼻猴太近，故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第四段中“Thiscouldpotentiallycausethemonkeystoleavetheirsafesleepingsitesandtogodeepintotheforestasitgetsdark,wheretheycouldfaceahigherriskofpredation(捕食行為).(這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致猴子在天黑時(shí)離開它們安全的睡覺地點(diǎn)，進(jìn)入森林深處，在那里它們可能面臨更高的被捕食風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”和第五段中“ourfindingssuggestthattheapproachofasinglemotorboatledtostressinproboscismonkeyswhentheywereapproachedascloselyas60metersfromtheothersideoftheriver,regardlessofthespeedofapproach(我們的研究結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)一艘摩托艇接近長(zhǎng)鼻猴時(shí)，無論其接近的速度如何，它們?cè)诰嚯x河對(duì)岸60米的地方都會(huì)感到壓力)”可知，作者客觀描述該研究，擔(dān)憂靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物生態(tài)旅游給長(zhǎng)鼻猴帶來的壓力，故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段“Theincreaseinprimate(靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物)ecotourismiscausingstress-relatedbehaviorsinmonkeys,accordingtoanewstudy.(根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物生態(tài)旅游的增加正在導(dǎo)致猴子的壓力相關(guān)行為)”可知，本文主要介紹了靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物生態(tài)旅游的增加對(duì)于長(zhǎng)鼻猴的負(fù)面影響，D項(xiàng)“靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物生態(tài)旅游：對(duì)靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物行為的負(fù)面影響”為最佳標(biāo)題，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Mostpeoplebelievethatpencilsaremadefromlead,butthisisn’tquitetrue.They’reactuallymadeofamineralcalledgraphite(石墨).___36___DuringthelateMiddleAges,inavillagecalledBorrowdale,inEngland,agroupoflocalssawafewuprootedtrees.___37___Oneofthemhadtheideathatthisdarksubstancecouldbeusedtomarksheepsoownerscouldrecordandtrackthem.Thisdiscoverybythosecuriouslocalspavedthewayforthemodernpencils.Youmaywonderwhysolidgraphitecanleaveitscolorbehind.___38___Graphiteismadeofcarbonlayers.Whenweuseitasapencil,thecarbonfromthepencilrubsoffandgetsdeposited(沉淀)ontothefibersofthepaper.Thesedepositedpiecessticktothefibersofthepaperandfirmlyremainthere.___39___Youcouldstainyourclothesandmakeyourhandsdirty.Later,peoplecameupwithsomeideas.Forexample,inthelateeighteenthcentury,anofficerinNapoleon’sarmydesignedthewoodenpencilsweseetoday.Heroastedamixtureofwater,clayandgraphiteatabout1,900°F.Afterthismixturecooleddown,heputitwithinalongwoodencovering.Thisishowthewoodenpencilcameintobeing.Whenyouwanttoremoveyourwriting,youneedtoturntoaneraser.Thefunctioningofaneraserisbasedonacommonprinciple.Erasinghappensbecauseofthefrictionthatdevelopsbetweentheerasermaterialandthepaper.Whenyourubaneraseronthepaper,theresultingfrictioncanproduceheat,whichhelpstheeraserbecomesticky,stickierthanthepaper.___40___A.Overtheyears,graphi