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目錄概述1第一講句子2第二講名詞4第三講冠詞7第四講代詞9第五講形容詞和數(shù)詞11第六講副詞14第七講介詞15第八講連詞17第九講動(dòng)詞18第十講語(yǔ)法的基本概念20第十一講一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)22第十二講現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)24第十三講一般過(guò)去時(shí)26第十四講一般將來(lái)時(shí)28第十五講句法30第十六講話題32概述英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是什么:\t"/item/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95/_blank"英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是針對(duì)\t"/item/%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95/_blank"英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行研究后,英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)地總結(jié)歸納出來(lái)的一系列語(yǔ)言規(guī)則。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的精髓在于掌握語(yǔ)言的使用。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法是分類的,分為詞法和句法。小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法和初高中相比較,只是在語(yǔ)法數(shù)量和難易程度上有差別。英語(yǔ)有些方面是有一些規(guī)律可循的,但是英語(yǔ)還有它另外一個(gè)顯著的特點(diǎn),那就是知識(shí)點(diǎn)的零碎、分散。萬(wàn)丈高樓從地起,想要學(xué)好英語(yǔ),那就需要注重英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)?;A(chǔ)打牢才會(huì)越學(xué)越輕松。對(duì)于小學(xué)語(yǔ)法的講解,將會(huì)從詞法、句法、時(shí)態(tài)三個(gè)方面展開(kāi):【詞法】八大詞法:名詞形容詞副詞代詞

動(dòng)詞數(shù)詞介詞冠詞【句法】七種句型:陳訴句、疑問(wèn)句(一般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句)祈使句、被動(dòng)句、Therebe句型、if條件句、感嘆句【時(shí)態(tài)】四種時(shí)態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)第二講:名詞名詞的定義:名詞是指表示人和事物名稱的詞,可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。一:名詞的種類:專有名詞普通名詞國(guó)名地名人名,團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞物質(zhì)名詞1、專有名詞:特定的人、地方、機(jī)構(gòu)等專有的名稱。第一個(gè)字母通常要大寫(xiě)。e.g.JimGreen,NewYork,BankofChina,PekingUniversity星期、月份、節(jié)日、學(xué)科、報(bào)刊名也是專有名詞。e.g.Monday,May,Christmas,SpringFestival,Maths,ChinaDaily2、普通名詞:表示一類人或物或抽象概念的名稱。普通名詞又可以分為四類:個(gè)體名詞——表示某類人或東西中的個(gè)體,如:student,desk集體名詞——表示若干個(gè)體組成的集合體,如:class,family物質(zhì)名詞——表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)名稱,如:water,rice,sand,hair抽象名詞——表示情感,狀態(tài),品質(zhì)等抽象名稱,如:love,carelessness個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞多數(shù)可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算,稱為可數(shù)名詞,有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式;物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞通常無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算,稱為不可數(shù)名詞,一般只有一種形式。注意:集體名詞被看作一個(gè)整體時(shí),表達(dá)單數(shù)概念。e.g.Hisfamilywaswellknowninthetown.他家在鎮(zhèn)里是名門望族。集體名詞被看作若干個(gè)體的集合時(shí),表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)概念。e.g.Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.她的家人正在等他。集體名詞表達(dá)多個(gè)集體時(shí),也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。e.g.Ourvillageismadeupof300families.我們村有300戶人家。二:名詞的數(shù):

1.規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式:名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es?,F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下:規(guī)則例詞1一般情況在詞尾加-smap-maps,sea-seas,girl-girls,day-days2以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-esclass-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞變-f和-fe為v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,

wife-wives,half-halves加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs4以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities5以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,或?qū)S忻~以y結(jié)尾的,加-stoy-toys,boy-boys,day-days,ray-rays,Henry-Henrys6以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞一般加-esNegro-Negroes,hero-heroes,potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes不少外來(lái)詞加-spiano-pianos,photo-photos,auto-autos,kilo-kilos,solo-solos兩者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes,volcano-volcanoes/volcanos7以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-sradio-radios,bamboo-bamboos,zoo-zoos8以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-struth-truths,mouth-mouths,month-months,path-paths,2.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):英語(yǔ)里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,現(xiàn)歸納如下:規(guī)則例詞1改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,goose-geese,mouse-mice2單復(fù)數(shù)相同sheep,deer,means,works,fish,yuan,jin,3只有復(fù)數(shù)形式trousers,clothes,thanks,goods,glasses,4一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)people,police5部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)(整體)也可以作復(fù)數(shù)(成員)class,family,crowd,couple,group,government,population,team,public,party6復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義customs(海關(guān)),times(時(shí)代),spirits(情緒),drinks(飲料),sands(沙灘),papers(文件報(bào)紙),looks(外表),brains(頭腦智力),greens(青菜)7表示“某國(guó)人”加-sAmericans,Australians,Germans,Greeks,Swedes,Europeans單復(fù)數(shù)同形Swiss,Portuguese,Chinese,Japanese以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-womenEnglishmen,Frenchwomen8合成名詞將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)sons-in-law,lookers-on,passers-by,story-tellers,boyfriends無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)grown-ups,housewives,stopwatches將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)womensingers,menservants名詞的所有格:

名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種:一是名詞詞尾加’s構(gòu)成,二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西,后者多表示無(wú)生命的東西。

1.’s所有格的構(gòu)成:?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞在末尾加’stheboy’sfather,Jack’sbook,herson-in-law’sphoto,復(fù)數(shù)名詞一般在末尾加’theteachers’room,thetwins’mother,不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’sthechildren’stoys,women’srights,以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’novels,Charles’sjob,theSmiths’house表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí),各名詞末尾均須加’sJapan’sandAmerica’sproblems,Jane’sandMary’sbikes表示共有的所有關(guān)系時(shí)在最后一詞末加’sJapanandAmerica’sproblems,JaneandMary’sfather表示"某人家""店鋪",所有格后名詞省略thedoctor’s,thebarber’s,thetailor’s,myuncle’s2.’s所有格的用法:1表示時(shí)間today’snewspaper,fiveweeks’holiday2表示自然現(xiàn)象theearth’satmosphere,thetree’sbranches3表示國(guó)家城市等地方的名詞thecountry’splan,theworld’spopulation,China’sindustry4表示工作群體theship’screw,majority’sview,theteam’svictory5表示度量衡及價(jià)值amile’sjourney,fivedollars’worthofapples6與人類活動(dòng)有特殊關(guān)系的名詞thelife’stime,theplay’splot7某些固定詞組abird’seyeview,astone’sthrow,atone’swit’send(不知所措)of所有格的用法:

用于無(wú)生命的東西:thelegsofthechair,thecoverofthebook

用于有生命的東西,尤其是有較長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)時(shí):theclassroomsofthefirst-yearstudents

用于名詞化的詞:thestruggleoftheoppressed

練習(xí):bus-lunch-car-man-toy-family-potato-life-child-Chinese-fox-baby-Theresomewineinthebottle.A.isB.areC.beD.beingMiceafraidofcats.A.isB.areC.wasD.beMathematicsmyfavouritesubject.A.isB.areC.beD.wereMyfatherhasalmost.A.twohundredsheepB.twohundredsheepsC.twohundredssheepD.twohundredssheepsThereareinthepark.A.sixchildB.sixchildsC.sixchildrenD.sixchildrens第三講:冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞(a,an),定冠詞(the),和零冠詞。

I.不定冠詞的用法:不定冠詞a,an用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面,泛指一類人或物中的任何一個(gè)。1指一類人或事,相當(dāng)于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物,非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3表示“每一”相當(dāng)于every,oneWestudyeighthoursaday.4表示“相同”相當(dāng)于thesameWearenearlyofanage.5用于人名前,表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事AMr.Smithcametovisityouwhenyouwereout

ThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定詞組中Acoupleof,abit,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7用于quite,rather,many,half,what,such之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8用于so(as,too,how)+形容詞之后Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠詞的用法:定冠詞the用在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,也可用在不可數(shù)名詞前。1表示某一類人或物Thehorseisausefulanimal.2用于世上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物名詞前theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?4用于樂(lè)器前面playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表示一類人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”theGreens,theWangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.8用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海,山川群島的名詞前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyofChina,theFrench9用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前ThecompasswasinventedinChina.10在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代inthe1990’s11用于表示單位的名詞前Ihiredthecarbythehour.12用于方位名詞,身體部位名詞,及表示時(shí)間的詞組前Hepattedmeontheshoulder.III.零冠詞的用法:零冠詞:名詞前不用冠詞的情況。1專有名詞,物質(zhì)名詞,抽象名詞,人名地名等名詞前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名詞前有this,my,whose,some,no,each,every等限制Iwantthisbook,notthatone./

Whosepurseisthis?3季節(jié),月份,星期,節(jié)假日,一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,spring4表示職位,身份,頭銜的名詞前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5學(xué)科,語(yǔ)言,球類,棋類名詞前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前bytrain,byair,byland7以and連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)husbandandwife,knifeandfork,dayandnight8表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horsesareusefulanimals.練習(xí):1.Thereis_____notebookonmydesk.Iuse_____notebooktokeepadiary.2.Thereis______bottleonthetable._____waterinitissweet.3.Wang'smotheris______Englishteacher.Sheteachesin_____primaryschool.4.Chinais______ancientcountrywith_____longhistory.5.Chinahas_____populationof12hundredmillion._____Chinesepeopleare_____greatpeople.6.Hermotheris_____universityteacher.Sheis_____honestwoman.7.Noneof_____booksshouldbetakenoutof_____roomwithout_____permissionof_____librarian.8._____Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor_____peopleheartandsoul.9.Shestudiesat____No.3MiddleSchool.Shegoesto____schoolby____buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris_____studentof_____English.Shestudiesat_____college.11.______Mondaybefore_____SpringFestivalwasverycold.12.Haveyouhad______dinner?13.Helivesin______Shanghai.14.Sheiswearing______sunglasses.15.Areyou______busy?16.Ihave______money.17.DoesLisawanttobe______actress?18.Oriis______beststudentinourclass.19.Arethoseyour______shoes?20.Mysisterisplaying______piano.第四講:代詞1、人稱代詞:表示“我、你、他、她、它、我們、你們、他們”的詞。我你他她它我們你們他們主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem①主格一般用在句子開(kāi)頭做主語(yǔ),通常用在動(dòng)詞前。e.g.Iamastudent.Theyarecleaningtheclassroom.②賓格可以用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象,一般用在動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。e.g.Askher,please.Listentomecarefully.2、物主代詞:表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs①形容詞性物主代詞后面一般要帶上名詞。如:mywatch,hiscousin,ourschool②名詞性物主代詞本身就可以看作是名詞,故其后不能再加名詞,可單獨(dú)使用。e.g.—Isthatyourbike?—No.Mineisblue.3、不定代詞:沒(méi)有明確指定代替某個(gè)(些)人或物的詞叫不定代詞。(1)some和any都表示“一些”,既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。①some多用在肯定句中,any多用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。e.g.Therearesomeflowersinthegarden.(肯定句)Thereisn’tanymilkinthefridge.(否定句)Doyouhaveanyhobbies?(疑問(wèn)句)②在表示邀請(qǐng)和希望對(duì)方給予肯定回答的疑問(wèn)句中也要用some。e.g.—Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?—Yes,please.(邀請(qǐng))—Mum,canIhavesomepeaches?—Sure.(希望對(duì)方給予肯定回答)(2)both和all①both表示“兩個(gè)都……”,只指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞。e.g.Wearebothpolicemen.(強(qiáng)調(diào)兩人)②all表示“三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上都……”,既可指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。e.g.Theyareallintheroom.(至少三人)(3)many和much都表示“許多”,many修飾可數(shù)名詞,much修飾不可數(shù)名詞。e.g.Myunclehasmanystamps.Thereismuchteainthecup.(4)each和everyeach強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人,指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或事物中的“每個(gè)”;every是指許多人或事物的“全體”,與all的意思相近。e.g.I’llbuyapresentforeachofherparents.我要為她的父母每人買一件禮物。Everybookinhisstudyisinteresting.他書(shū)房里的每本書(shū)都很有趣。(5)other作形容詞時(shí)意思是“其他的”,指尚未提到的部分,其后一般接復(fù)數(shù)名詞。e.g.WestudyChinese,English,Mathsandothersubjects.(6)something和everything①something某事;某物e.g.Iwantsomethingtodrink.②everything一切事物;每樣事物e.g.Tellmeeverythingaboutyou.nobody沒(méi)有人e.g.Shelikesnobodyandnobodylikesher.4、疑問(wèn)代詞:用來(lái)表達(dá)疑問(wèn)或構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句的代詞,一般放在疑問(wèn)句的句首。what問(wèn)什么—What’syourname?—MynameisTom.Whatcolour問(wèn)顏色—Whatcolourisyourcoat?—It’sred.whatday問(wèn)星期—Whatdayisittoday?—It’sMonday.whatdate問(wèn)日期—Whatdateisittoday?—It’sthefirstofJune.whatshape問(wèn)形狀—Whatshapeisthemoon?—It’sround.what…job問(wèn)工作—What’syourfather’sjob?—He’sabusdriver.whattime問(wèn)時(shí)間—Whattimeisit?—It’steno’clock.when問(wèn)時(shí)候—Whenisyourbirthday?—It’sonthefirstofMay.which問(wèn)哪個(gè)—Whichisyourwatch,thisoneorthatone?—Thatone.where問(wèn)地點(diǎn)—Whereismypen?—It’sonthefloor.who問(wèn)誰(shuí)—Whoistheboywithbigeyes?—He’sLiuTao.whose問(wèn)誰(shuí)的—Whosebagisthis?—It’sHelen’s.why問(wèn)原因—Whyareyouabsenttoday?—I’mill.how問(wèn)方式—Howdoyougotoschool?—Bybus.howmany問(wèn)數(shù)量—Howmanybooksarethere?—Therearefive.howmuch問(wèn)價(jià)錢—Howmuchisit?—Twentyyuan.howold問(wèn)年齡—Howoldareyou?—I’mtwelve.howfar問(wèn)距離—Howfarisitfromhere?—It’saboutonekilometer.howabout問(wèn)情況—I’mthirsty.Howaboutyou?—Me,too.5、指示代詞①this(這個(gè))、these(這些)表示在時(shí)間上或空間上較近的人或物。②that(那個(gè))、those(那些)表示在時(shí)間上或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。選擇題:OriandMariaregoodfriends.______studytogether.TheyB.SheC.HeD.ThemMariandIarefromEngland.______areEnglish.TheyB.WeC.SheD.ItIamgoingtoplaytenniswith______.SheB.herC.heD.hisMari:Whereismypencil?Ori:______isonthesofa.ItB.OneC.TheyD.Its5.Ori:Doyouhaveacomputer?Mari:Yes,Ihave______.A.itB.themC.oneD.ones第五講:形容詞和數(shù)詞形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞,表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。它的位置通常放在被修飾的名詞前,也可以放在be動(dòng)詞和look、feel、taste、sound、get之后。一、形容詞的種類1.用來(lái)表示性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)的描述形容詞Loveisblue.(愛(ài)情是憂郁的。)指代事物的指示形容詞Thatstudentissmart.(那個(gè)學(xué)生很聰明)屬于數(shù)量形容詞的不定量形容詞表示“數(shù)”的形容詞用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞many(很多的)Therearemanydogsinthepark.afew(幾個(gè),一些)Ihaveafewtickets.few(幾乎沒(méi)有的)Ihavefewfriends.表示“量”的形容詞用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞much(很多的)Thereismuchmilkinthebottle.alittle(一點(diǎn)的)Thereisalittlesoupinthebowl.Little(幾乎沒(méi)有的)Thereislittlesoupinthebowl.可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞均可修飾some,any,alotof(=lotsof),noShehassomefriends.Shehassomemoney.屬于數(shù)量形容詞的數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞:1,2,3這些表示基本數(shù)字的詞one,two,three,four,five基數(shù)詞:表示數(shù)目多少。基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞記憶口訣:一、二、三,需要記,八去t,九省e,ve結(jié)尾時(shí),f來(lái)代替,ty結(jié)尾時(shí),y變ie,再加th,若是幾十幾,前基后序別忘記。1one11eleven21twenty-one2two12twelve22twenty-two3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten20twenty100hundred注意:數(shù)字“0”可以讀作“zero”,也可以讀作字母“o”。(2)序數(shù)詞:第一、第二、第三這些表示順序的詞first(1st),second(2nd),third(3rd),fourth(4th)序數(shù)詞:表示順序先后。1stfirst11theleventh21sttwenty-first2ndsecond12thtwelfth22ndtwenty-second3rdthird13ththirteenth30ththirtieth4thfourth14thfourteenth40thfortieth5thfifth15thfifteenth50thfiftieth6thsixth16thsixteenth60thsixtieth7thseventh17thseventeenth70thseventieth8theighth18theighteenth80theightieth9thninth19thnineteenth90thninetieth10thtenth20thtwentieth100thhundredth倍數(shù)詞:一倍,兩倍,三倍等表示倍數(shù)的詞在英語(yǔ)中,形容詞有三個(gè)等級(jí),即原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。1、表示兩者“等同”時(shí)用原級(jí),結(jié)構(gòu)為:as+原級(jí)+as,表示“xx和xx一樣……”e.g.Areyouastallasyourtwinsister?其否定形式結(jié)構(gòu)為:not+as+原級(jí)+as,表示“xx和xxx不一樣……”e.g.I’mnotastallasyou.2、表示兩者“比較”時(shí)用比較級(jí),結(jié)構(gòu)為:比較級(jí)+than,表示“xx比xxx更……”e.g.He’soneyearyoungerthanme.形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:一般在詞尾加ere.g.taller,longer,stronger,younger以字母e結(jié)尾,只加re.g.late-later,nice-nicer以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加ere.g.heavy-h(huán)eavier雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母,再加ere.g.fat-fatter,thin-thinner,big-bigger雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級(jí),在原級(jí)前加moree.g.morebeautiful,morecareful不規(guī)則變化e.g.good-better,many/much-more,far-farther,bad/ill-worse三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較,用形容詞最高級(jí)。結(jié)構(gòu)為:the+形容詞最高級(jí)+in/of等表示范圍的短語(yǔ),表示“最……”。e.g.AutumnisthebestseasoninNewYork.Sheisthetallestgirlofourthree.練習(xí):1.Shanghaiis________thanBeijing.Itis____________cityinourcountry.(large)2.Billisn’tas______asMike.Tomis______thanMike.Whois________ofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas______asBill,andsheismuch_______thanhimatsinging.(well,good)4.Springiscoming.Theweatherisgetting________and_________.(warm)5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.John’scomputerismuch____________thanTom’sandmine.Itis_________________ofthethree.(expensive)Marihas______.fewfriendsB.afewfriendsC.littlefriendD.alittlefriendsDoesMarihave______?manybookB.manybooksC.muchbookD.muchbooksThere______intheparkinglot.wasalotofcarB.wasalotofcarsC.werealotofcarD.werealotofcarsHow______thereinthebottle?manywineisB.manywinesareC.muchwineisD.muchwinesareThere______inthislake.A.isn’tmanywaterB.isn’tmuchwaterC.aren’tmanywatersD.aren’tmuchwater第六講:副詞定義:副詞是一種用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞的詞,說(shuō)明時(shí)間、程度、方式等概念。大多數(shù)副詞都可以放在動(dòng)詞后面。e.g.dancebeautifully,listencarefully,sitquietly,speakloudly,veryhappy副詞的分類:大部分副詞的形態(tài)都是:“形容詞+ly”部分副詞的形態(tài)與其形容詞一致1時(shí)間副詞soon,now,early,finally,once,recently5頻度副詞always,often,frequently,seldom,never2地點(diǎn)副詞here,nearby,outside,upwards,above6疑問(wèn)副詞how,where,when,why3方式副詞hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really7連接副詞how,when,where,why,whether,however,meanwhile4程度副詞almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather8關(guān)系副詞when,where,why翻譯句子Thisisahardwork.Heworksveryhard.Ihadanbreakfast.Snowfellearlythiswinter.Ihaven’tseenhimlately.Hestudiedveryhard.HecouldhardlyspeakFrench.第七講:介詞定義:介詞又叫前置詞,是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間關(guān)系的詞,它一般放在名詞、代詞(賓格)或動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞ing形式)前面。1、in①在……里面。如:intheclassroom②in+顏色,穿著……顏色的衣服。如:Who’sthemaninwhite?③in+語(yǔ)言,用某種語(yǔ)言說(shuō)。如:What’sthisinEnglish?④在上午、下午、晚上。如:inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening⑤在年、月、季節(jié)前。如:in2008,inAugust,insummer⑥在國(guó)家、城市和較大的地方前。如:inChina,inWuxi,intheplayground⑦固定搭配。如:inthemiddleof(在……中間),dowellin(擅長(zhǎng)),intheday(在白天),takepartin(參加),stayinbed(躺在床上),inthestreet(在街上)2、on①在……上面。如:onthedesk②用在某一天(上、下午)前。如:onthe5thofMay,onSunday,onMondaymorning③以Day結(jié)尾的節(jié)日前。如:onChildren’sDay,onNewYear’sDay④固定搭配。如:onfoot(步行),onduty(值日),puton(穿上),geton(上車)turnon(打開(kāi)),ontheright/left(在右邊/左邊),onthewall(在墻上),onZhongshanRoad(在中山路上)注意:樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的水果用onthetree;不是樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的外來(lái)物用inthetree。如:Icanseealotofapplesonthetree.Thereisaboyinthetree.3、at①在某個(gè)時(shí)刻前。如:atseveno’clock②在傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前。如:atSpringFestival,atMid-AutumnFestival,atChristmas③在較小的地點(diǎn)。如:atthebusstop④固定搭配。如:atonce(立刻,馬上),begoodat(擅長(zhǎng)……),lookat(看),athome(在家),atschool(在學(xué)校),atweekends(在周末),atthebackof(在……后部),atnight(在夜晚)4、under在……下面如:Thereisacatunderthetable.5、behind在……后面如:Thereisanumbrellabehindthedoor.6、near靠近……如:Thereisaparknearmyhouse.7、beside在……旁邊如:Thestudentsarestandingbesidetheteacher.8、nextto緊靠……旁邊如:Theteachers’officeisnexttoourclassroom.9、before(時(shí)間上)在……之前如:beforeclass(上課前)10、after(時(shí)間上)在……之后;依照固定搭配:afterclass(課后),afterschool(放學(xué)后),lookafter(照看),runafter(追趕),readafterme(跟我讀)11、between在兩者之間如:TherearesometreesbetweenBuildingAandBuildingB.12、by乘某種交通工具如:bybus,byplane,bytheway(順便說(shuō)一下)13、from①befrom=comefrom(來(lái)自……)如:MrSmithsis/comesfromAustralia.②from…to…(從……到……)WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.to到、去……如:Let’sgotothezoo.固定搭配:writeto(給xx寫(xiě)信)15、about關(guān)于;大約如:Iwanttobuyabookaboutanimals.It’saboutonekilometeraway.16、for為、給……如:Here’saletterforyou.What’sforbreakfast?固定搭配:lookfor(尋找),waitfor(等候)17、with①與……一起。如:I’llgoshoppingwithmymother.②具有某種特征。如:Who’stheboywithbigeyes?③help...with...在某方面幫助某人如:CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?④playwith...和……一起玩;拿……玩如:playwithme,playwithayo-yo18、infrontof在……前面如:Thereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.inthefrontof在……前部如:Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.19、along沿著,順著如:Goalongthisstreet.20、as作為如:Whatwouldyoulikeasabirthdaypresent?21、outof從……出來(lái);往……之外如:Thedogisrunningoutofthehouse.22、of……的,屬于……如:amapofChina,amapoftheworld23、off離開(kāi),在……之外如:keepoffthegrass(勿踏草坪),getoff(下車)24、up向上如:standup(起立),pullupcarrots(拔胡蘿卜)25、down向下如:sitdown(坐下),jumpupanddown(上下跳)用合適的介詞填空1.Look_____thepicture.It'spicture___myschool.

2.Thereisaschoolbuilding____myschool.Ithasfivefloors.______theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground.________school,thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.

3.Myclassroomis____thefifthfloor.It'sbigandclean.

4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomes______schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomes____bicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexercises______us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacard___her.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples_____thetree.6.–Where’syourstudy?–It’snext____mybedroom.7.Thecar_____thetreeisJack’s.8.Theballis________thedoor,soyoucan’tseeit.9._______________thehouse,therearemanytrees.10.Listen!Someoneisknocking____thedoor.11.Thereissomethingwrong_____mycomputer.第八講:連詞定義:連詞,顧名思義,是一種起連接作用的詞。1、and“和”,表示并列關(guān)系。如:Therearesomedesksandchairsintheclassroom.2、but“但是”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。如:Youcanskatewell,butIcan’t.3、or“還是”,表示選擇關(guān)系。如:Wouldyoulikeaglassofmilkoracupoftea?注意:在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中,當(dāng)表示并列關(guān)系時(shí),不用and,而用or。如:Doyouhaveanybrothersorsisters?Idon’thaveanybrothersorsisters.4、than“比”,表示對(duì)比關(guān)系。如:SuHaijumpsfartherthanSuYang.5、because“因?yàn)椤?,表示因果關(guān)系。如:IlikesummerbestbecauseIcangoswimming.6、so“所以”,表示結(jié)果關(guān)系。如:Helenwasill,soshedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.選擇題OriMarihavebeengoodfriends.A.orB.andC.butD.soWillyougoonfootbybus?A.orB.andC.butD.soDoraisold,shelooksverybeautiful.A.andB.butC.orD.whenHurryup,youwillmissthebus.A.orB.andC.butD.soMariwassick,shewenttobedearly.A.andB.soC.forD.or第九講:動(dòng)詞定義:動(dòng)詞是表示動(dòng)作或行為的詞。可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。按其詞義和在句子中的作用可以分為連系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞vt:后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)才有意義,才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞vi:本身意義完整,后面不須跟賓語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。1、be動(dòng)詞(am,is,are)①be動(dòng)詞做謂語(yǔ)時(shí),要與主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。用法口訣:我用am,你用are,is用在他、她、它,復(fù)數(shù)全用are。如:Iamateacher.Youareastudent.Sheisanurse.WeareChinese.②be動(dòng)詞的否定形式:amnot(無(wú)縮寫(xiě)形式),isnot=isn’t,arenot=aren’t2、助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)①do,does用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),does用于第三人稱單數(shù),其他人稱和數(shù)用do。其過(guò)去式did用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)。他們通常用在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。助動(dòng)詞后動(dòng)詞要用原形。如:Doyoulikethisfilm?Doesshelikeplayingfootball?Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday.②否定形式:donot=don’t,doesnot=doesn’t,didnot=didn’t3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,may,must,should,will,would,shall等)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度,表示“可能”,“可以”,“需要”,“必須”,“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等意思。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后面的動(dòng)詞要用原形。1)can和may都可以用來(lái)表示請(qǐng)求或允許,但may比can更正式,更客氣些。如:CanIuseyourpen?MayIcomein?2)must和should①must意為“必須,應(yīng)當(dāng)”,含有一種命令的語(yǔ)氣,比較生硬,不容商量。②should意為“應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該”,表示建議或勸告,語(yǔ)氣比較委婉,客氣。如:Youmustfinishyourhomeworkbeforeyougotobed.Youshouldstayinbedandhaveagoodrest.3)will和would用于疑問(wèn)句,表示說(shuō)話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問(wèn),用would比will更委婉,更客氣。如:Willyoupleaseopenthewindow?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?注意區(qū)別:I’dlike…我想要……(接名詞)如:I’dlikesometea.I’dliketo…我想要做……(接動(dòng)詞原形)如:I’dliketogowithyou.Ilike…我喜歡……(接名詞或動(dòng)名詞)如:Ilikemonkeys.Ilikereading.4)shall在問(wèn)句中表示征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn),主要用于第一人稱。如:Shallwegotherebybus?5)否定形式:can’t,maynot,mustn’t,shouldn’t,wouldn’t,shallnot4、行為動(dòng)詞行為動(dòng)詞也叫實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,是具有實(shí)際意義的動(dòng)詞。如run(跑),jump(跳),listen(聽(tīng)),sing(唱),eat(吃),think(想)等。行為動(dòng)詞在句子中有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。在英語(yǔ)中,不同時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),需要用不同的動(dòng)詞形式來(lái)表現(xiàn),這就叫時(shí)態(tài)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)<—————————————+————————————>一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)填空:1.He________verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI________goingtoBeijingnextmonth.3.________youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King________inLondontwoweeksago.5.There________manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What________thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl________flyingakite.8.Who________notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever________toJapan?10.I______notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.選擇題:1.

My

brother

____

a

teacher.

He

____

his

pupils

very

much.

A.

is,

like

B.

is,

likes

C.

are,

likes

D.

are,

like

2.

A:

How

many

days

____

there

in

a

week?

B:

There

____

seven.

A.

is,

is

B.

are,

are

C.

is,

are

D.

are,

is

3.

I

____

tired

last

night.

A.

became

B.

felt

C.

looked

D.

am

4.

Her

face

____

pale(蒼白)when

she

heard

the

bad

news.

A.

got

B.

is

C.

turned

D.

was

5.

You

____

pale.

What's

wrong

with

you?

A.

turn

B.

seem

C.

look

D.

become

第十講:語(yǔ)法基本概念主語(yǔ)(subject):名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、相當(dāng)于名詞的詞組或從句。賓語(yǔ)(object):是行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象,分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)(predicative):位于系動(dòng)詞之后,與系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)。補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(complement):起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用的成分。句子的5種類型:一、句型1S+V不需要帶賓語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞完全不及物動(dòng)詞1.Birdssing.2.Shelaughed.Mariworks.4.Marilaughedloudly.5.Lindalivesinahouse.Westayedathomeallday.注意:修飾語(yǔ)只是對(duì)句子進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明而已,并不是句子的必備要素。二:句型2:S+V+C需要帶補(bǔ)語(yǔ)(表語(yǔ))的動(dòng)詞不完全不及物動(dòng)詞,即系動(dòng)詞Iamanactor.Heisadoctor.3.Oribecameateacher.Sheisbeautiful.Theleavesturnedred.句型3:S+V+O需要帶賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞完全及物動(dòng)詞Ihaveacar.Myfatherlovesmeverymuch.Iwanttodrinksomecoffee.四、句型4:S+V+IO+DO需要帶兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)(直接、間接)的動(dòng)詞(授予動(dòng)詞)Hegavemeapresent.Pleasepassmethepen.MaritoldOrithenews.Shesentmeacard.Thestudentsaskedmesomequestions.五、句型5:S+V+O+OC需要帶賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不完全及物動(dòng)詞WecallhimMari.Ithinkhimagreatmusician.Thenewsmademehappy.Iwantyoutodothework.與句型2區(qū)別的方法:Shemademeadress.Shemademeadoctor.第十一講一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定義:表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)。句中通常有usually,often,everyday,sometimes,always,atweekends,onSundays等表示經(jīng)常性時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)。功能:①表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:Theskyisblue.天空是藍(lán)色的。②表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如:Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。③表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。2、構(gòu)成:1)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是be動(dòng)詞時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成:主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+其他如:Iamastudent.HeisJim’sfather.TheyarefromJapan.2)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成:①主語(yǔ)(非第三人稱單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞原形+其他如:IoftenwatchTVattheweekends.MrGreenandMrsGreenlikecollectingstamps.②主語(yǔ)(第三人稱單數(shù))+動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式+其他如:JimusuallyvisitshisgrandparentsonSundays.Shesometimesgoestotheparkwithhermother.3、動(dòng)詞三單形式的變化規(guī)則:一般情況下,直接加s如:read-reads,swim-swims以s,x,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾,加es如:wash-washes,watch-watches,do-does以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加es如:study-studies,fly-flies不規(guī)則變化如:have-has4、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換:肯定句否定句一般疑問(wèn)句及回答TheywatchTVeveryday.Theydon’twatchTVeveryday.—DotheywatchTVeveryday?—Yes,theydo./No,theydon’t.ShewatchesTVeveryday.Shedoesn’twatchTVeveryday.—DoesshewatchTVeveryday?—Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)

drink______go_______stay______make______

look______have_______pass______carry_______二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.

2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.

3.We__________(notwatch)TVonMonday.

4.Nick__________(notgo)tothezooonSunday.

5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?

6._______yourparents______(read)newspaperseveryday?

7.Thegirl________(teach)usEnglishonSundays.

8.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.9.She________(buy)asweater.

10.Mr.Wangoften______(go)toShanghai.三、按照要求改寫(xiě)句子DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改為否定句)

_____________________________________Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句,作否定回答)

________________________________________________________Shelikesmilk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句,作肯定回答)

____________________________________

___________________4.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改為否定句)

_____________________________________

四、選擇題1.There_____anEnglishfilmatthecinemanow.

A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.is

2.Thepicture_______nice.

A.looksB.islookedC.lookD.islooking

3.She______downandsoonfallsasleep.

A.liveB.lainC.laidD.sits

4.They_____theofficeintimeverymorning.

A.reachtoB.arrivedC.wentD.getto

5.WeshallgotoShanghaionbusinessbeforeyou_____backnextweek.

A.willcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.come

6.Theplane______overthere.

A.isB.areC.amD.was

7.Iseeher____theroomthismorning.

A.toenterB.enteredC.enterD.enters

8.Theteacher________ustocometoschoolontime.

A.askB.askingC.asksD.asked

9.Johnalways______others.

A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp

10.He______foreighthourseveryday.

A.workingB.toworkC.worksD.worked

11.You’dbetter______athomeand______yourhomework.

A.tostay,doB.stay,doC.tostay,todoD.stay,todo

12.Hesitsdownand______arest.

A.havingB.haveC.tohaveD.has

13.UncleWangnever______acake.

A.makeB.tomakeC.makingD.makes第十二講現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1、定義:表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。句中常有now,look,listen等詞。如:Iamwashingclothesnow.Look!LiuTaoisclimbingthetree.Listen!Janeissinginginthemusicroom.用法:①現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,②當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定句:be+V-ing.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定句:be+not?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句:be→句首。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句:疑問(wèn)詞+be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+doing+其它?※疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為:

疑問(wèn)詞+be動(dòng)詞+doing+其它?2、構(gòu)成:be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)3、動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成:一般是在動(dòng)詞原形后加ing如:read-reading,drink-drinking,eat-eating,look-looking以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉e,再加ing如:write-writing,make-making,ride-riding,take-taking以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,要雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)字母,再加ing如:sit-sitting,swim-swimming,put-putting,run-running,stop-stopping,get-getting,begin-beginning,jog-jogging,forget-forgetting4

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