2024年中考英語二輪復習 專題八 動詞和動詞短語

中考英語二輪復習專題八動詞和動詞短語目錄01.考點分析02.模擬考題01考點分析考點1

動詞實義動詞

實義動詞也叫行為動詞，有實在意義，能獨立作謂語。按其句法功能可分為及物動詞和不及物動詞，按其動作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長短可分為延續(xù)性動詞和非延續(xù)性動詞。1.及物動詞

及物動詞本身意義不完整，需接賓語才能使其意思表達完整。及物動詞常用于以下幾種結(jié)構中：（1）主語+及物動詞+賓語I

often

play

soccer

after

school.（2）主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語He

wanted

to

buy

his

father

a

new

pair

of

shoes.（3）主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語●They

consider

him

the

best

writer.

●Mr.

Li

encouraged

me

to

study

hard.2.不及物動詞

不及物動詞本身意義完整，無須接賓語，構成"主語+謂語"的句型，若要跟賓語，其后必須加上相應的介詞，構成"主語+謂語+介詞+賓語"的句型。如：We

should

listen

to

the

teacher

carefully.3.延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞（1）延續(xù)性動詞也叫持續(xù)性動詞，表示動作是可以持續(xù)的，可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：work、

live、

keep、

study、

sleep、

rain、

lie、

know、

read等。You

can

keep

the

dictionary

for

three

weeks.（2）非延續(xù)性動詞也叫短暫性動詞，表示瞬間動作，動作一旦發(fā)生立即結(jié)束，一般不和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如：come、

go、

begin、

close、

die、

borrow、

stop、

receive等。系動詞

系動詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，其后必須接表語，構成系表結(jié)構，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。具體分類如下：類別功能例詞狀態(tài)系動詞表示主語所處的狀態(tài)be感官系動詞表示人體感官的系動詞taste,

smell,

sound,

look,

feel類別功能例詞表象系動詞表示看起來/似乎處于某種狀態(tài)appear,

seem變化系動詞表示主語由一種狀態(tài)變換到另一種狀態(tài)go,

get,

turn,

grow,

become持續(xù)系動詞表示主語持續(xù)或保持某種身份或狀態(tài)keep,stay,remain,

stand續(xù)表助動詞

英語中的助動詞有be

（is,

am,

are,

was,

were,

being,

been）、

do

（does,

did）、

have/has、

shall、

will等。助動詞本身沒有意義或意義不完整，不可單獨作謂語，只能和它后面的動詞一起構成謂語，以表示時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)，還可構成否定、疑問或強調(diào)的句型。情態(tài)動詞

情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情感和態(tài)度，不可單獨作謂語，必須和其他動詞連用構成謂語。1.can和could的用法can表示能力，意為"能,會"。如：Mary

can

speak

three

languages.表示請求、許可，意為"可以"。如：Can

I

take

the

book

home?表示推測，意為"可能"，常用于否定句和疑問句。如：The

boy

can't

be

Tom.

I

saw

him

reading

in

the

library

just

now.［2022海南中考］couldcan的過去式，表示過去的能力，意為"能，會"。如：He

could

ride

the

horse

at

the

age

of

six.用于疑問句，表示委婉地提出請求，語氣比can更委婉。如：Could

you

lend

me

your

dictionary?表示不大的可能性。如：It

could

be

his

eraser,

but

I'm

not

sure.續(xù)表2.may和might的用法may表示請求、許可，意為"可以"。如：You

may

leave

now.表示推測，意為"可能，也許"，常用于肯定句。如：This

watch

may

be

Cindy's.

She

likes

pink

best.might表示請求、許可，意為"可以"，語氣比may更委婉。如：Might

I

ask

you

a

question?表示推測，意為"可能"，可能性低于may。如：He

is

away

from

school.

He

might

be

sick.may的過去式，意為"可能"。如：She

was

worried

that

we

might

get

hurt.3.must、

have

to和need的用法must表示義務，意為"必須"；否定形式為mustn't，意為"禁止，不準"。如：●We

must

do

something

to

protect

the

planet.●Children

mustn't

play

with

fire.表示推測，意為"一定，肯定"，用于肯定句。如：This

toy

truck

must

belong

to

Tom.

He

was

the

only

little

kid

at

the

picnic.have

to意為"必須，不得不"，用于強調(diào)客觀需要。如：My

mother

is

ill.

I

have

to

look

after

her

at

home.need常用于疑問句，意為"需要"。如：Need

I

leave

now?否定形式為needn't，意為"不必"。如：You

needn't

worry

about

Jim.

He

is

not

a

child

any

more.續(xù)表4.should和had

better的用法should意為"應該"，表示責任和義務或勸告和建議。如：You

should

get

up

earlier.had

better意為"最好"，表示建議。如：You'd

better

stay

at

home

when

it

rains

hard.5.shall、

will和would的用法shall在疑問句中同I和we連用，表示提出或征求對方意見。如：Shall

we

go

hiking

tomorrow

morning?will/would兩者都可表示客氣地提出請求，would比will更委婉。如：Would

you

tell

me

the

way

to

the

bank?表示意愿、意志或打算，可用于多種人稱。如：The

man

would

not

let

her

enter

the

hall.得分巧記●由Must引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答用"Yes,

...must."；否定回答用"No,

...needn't/don't

have

to."。●由May引出的一般疑問句，常與第一人稱I連用，肯定回答用"Yes,

you

may."；否定回答用"No,

you

can't/mustn't."?？键c2

動詞短語常見的動詞短語類型1.動詞+介詞dream

of夢想

laugh

at嘲笑think

about考慮

depend

on依靠

get

to到達

listen

to聽

be

against反對

count

on指望

be

for

支持

wait

for等待

arrive

in/at到達

agree

with贊成

2.動詞+副詞grow

up長大

turn

off關閉

eat

up吃光put

off推遲

set

out

出發(fā)

look

out當心

stay

up熬夜

pick

up撿起pull

together同心協(xié)力續(xù)表3.動詞+名詞make

mistakes犯錯誤

take

photos照相

lose

heart喪失信心

make

progress取得進步

take

chances碰運氣

take

care當心

take

place發(fā)生

make

sense有道理續(xù)表4.動詞+副詞+介詞catch

up

with趕上

come

up

with提出

get

along

with與……相處融洽

look

forward

to期望

date

back

to追溯到

live

up

to不辜負

look

down

on看不起

run

out

of

用完續(xù)表5.動詞+名詞+介詞make

fun

of取笑

pay

attention

to注意

take

care

of照顧

make

use

of利用take

pride

in為……感到自豪6.動詞+介詞+名詞go

to

school去上學

go

to

bed去睡覺

keep

in

mind記住續(xù)表常見的動詞短語歸納1.look短語look

at看

look

for尋找

look

up查閱；向上看

look

around環(huán)顧

look

back回顧

look

after照顧

look

through瀏覽

look

over查看，檢查2.turn短語turn

on打開

turn

up調(diào)高，出現(xiàn)

turn

out結(jié)果是

turn

to

求助于turn

down調(diào)低，拒絕3.put短語put

up張貼，搭建

put

away把……收起來

put

on穿上

put

down寫下，放下put

back放回（原處）

put

out熄滅4.give短語give

up放棄

give

away捐贈

give

off發(fā)出（光、熱等）

give

out分發(fā)give

in屈服，讓步續(xù)表5.take短語take

off脫掉，起飛

take

out取出，拿出

take

up占據(jù)，開始從事

take

in吸收；吸入；吞入

take

down拆除；往下拽；記下

take

away拿走，帶走take

after（長相、舉止或性格）像

take

on呈現(xiàn)，具有（特征、外觀等）續(xù)表6.get短語get

up起床

get

over從（不快或疾?。┲谢謴停朔?/p>

get

on進展，上（車、船等）get

together相聚

get

off下（車、船等）

get

ready

for為……作準備續(xù)表7.come短語come

across偶然遇見，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)

come

out出版，發(fā)行，出現(xiàn)

come

along出現(xiàn)，跟隨，進展

come

over來訪，拜訪

come

on加油，快點

come

true（夢想等）實現(xiàn)come

back回來，恢復續(xù)表8.fall短語fall

over被……絆倒，倒下

fall

off脫落，下降

fall

behind落后于

fall

down倒塌，跌倒

fall

asleep入睡續(xù)表9.go短語go

off（警報器等）突發(fā)巨響，停止運作

go

on繼續(xù)

go

away離開

go

by（時間）流逝

go

over仔細檢查go

up上升，增長

go

after追求，追趕go

out出去，熄滅

go

down下降，倒下

續(xù)表10.have短語have

a

look看一看

have

a

cold感冒

have

a

rest休息have

confidence

in

對……有信心

have

an

interest

in

對……感興趣續(xù)表11.keep短語keep

off（使）不接近

keep

in

touch

with和……保持聯(lián)系

keep

away

from遠離

keep

up

with跟上

keep

on繼續(xù)

keep

out防止進入續(xù)表12.make短語make

up組成，構成；化妝；編造

make

a

decision作出決定

make

the

bed鋪床make

a

difference有作用make

a

promise作出承諾make

friends

with和……交朋友續(xù)表13.think短語think

of考慮到；關心

think

up想出

think

out認真考慮

think

back回想起think

over仔細考慮續(xù)表02模擬考題語境小測1.[2023南通中考]

—Our

English

teacher

is

very

confident.

And

he

is

always

ready

to

___

a

challenge.—So

he

is.

We

all

like

him.DA.touch

B.choose

C.discuss

D.accept2.[2023哈爾濱中考改編]

Tom

Sawyer

is

my

favorite

book.

It

___

me

nearly

30

yuan.BA.spent

B.cost

C.paid

D.took3.[2023成都中考改編]

Your

answer

___

be

right,

but

I'm

going

to

check

to

make

sure.BA.can't

B.might

C.must

D.need4.[2023長春中考]

My

friend

can

always

___

good

ideas

to

solve

his

problems.DA.keep

away

from

B.take

care

of

C.get

on

with

D.come

up

with5.[2023沈陽中考]

When

autumn

comes,

leaves

start

to

___

from

the

trees.BA.grow

B.fall

C.appear

D.come6.Most

neighbours

___

the

habit

of

square

dancing

to

create

a

quieter

environment

for

us.BA.get

into

B.give

up

C.carry

on

D.care

about7.—I'd

like

a

birthday

present

for

my

mother.—What

about

this

scarf?

It

is

beautiful

and

it

___

soft

and

warm.DA.tastes

B.looks

C.seems

D.feels8.[2023云南中考]

—Excuse

me,

may

I

use

my

phone

now?—Sorry,

you

___.

The

plane

is

taking

off.DA.need

B.needn't

C.can

D.can't9.[2023菏澤中考改編]

—Can

you

___

what

our

life

will

be

like

in

100

years?—Yes.

Everybody

can

travel

to

the

moon

freely.AA.imagine

B.produce

C.improve

D.encourage10.［原創(chuàng)新題］Jessica

is

so

helpful

that

she

always

___

our

cat

when

we're

on

holiday.CA.finds

out

B.hears

from

C.looks

after

D.puts

up11.[2023咸寧中考]

—How

beautiful

the

paper

cutting

is!

Who

made

it?—It

___

be

Linda.

She's

the

only

one

that

can

make

it

in

our

class.AA.must

B.would

C.can

D.could12.History

is

the

best

textbook.

We

will

move

forward,

but

we

___

never

forget

what

we

have

experienced.BA.need

B.should

C.might

D.can13.[2023青島中考]

—Are

you

ready

for

the

show?—No.

It's

easy

to

___

a

play

but

difficult

to

act

it

out.AA.make

up

B.take

up

C.look

up

D.put

up14.[2023唐山模擬]

Dad,

you

___

drive

me

to

the

sports

center

this

afternoon.

Mary

and

I

will

walk

there

together.AA.needn't

B.can't

C.mustn't

D.shouldn't15.［原創(chuàng)新題］Tim

has

developed

the

good

habit

of

___

things

after

using

them.DA.sticking

to

B.setting

up

C.pulling

down

D.putting

away語篇提升

閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。[2023宜昌中考改編]

stick

clear

write

would

want

tell

forgetread

improve

be

I

do

believe

the

power

of

letters.

There's

something

special

about

handwritten

things.

You

1.______

an

email

because

there's

something

you

need

to

know.

But

you

write

a

letter

because

there's

something

you

2.______

to

say.writewant

When

I

3.________

my

grandmother's

house,

I

found

hundreds

of

letters

and

cards

she

had

kept,

and

they

told

the

story

of

her

relationships.

There

were

many

letters

from

her

mother.

Sitting

and

4.________

them,

I

knew

her

well

through

the

words.

Sometimes

r