四川省南充市高三下學(xué)期高考適應(yīng)性考試（二診）英語試題

南充市高2023屆高考適應(yīng)性考試(二診)英語試題本試卷分為試題卷和答題卡兩部分,其中試題卷共12頁,答題卡共2頁。滿分150分,考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答題前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。不能答在本試卷上,否則無效。3.考試結(jié)束后將答題卡收回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)回答聽力部分時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatisspecialaboutthewoman’stripthisyear?A.She’lltakeaship.B.She’llgoabroad.C.She’llflytoSingapore.2.Whatdoesthemanplantodo?A.Startapany.B.Designanewproduct.C.Employmorepeople3.Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A.ebackonFriday.B.Buythetrousersatonce.C.Havethetrousersshortened.4.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inashop.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inasupermarket,5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abrokenbridge.B.Acaraccident.C.Atrafficjam.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Whythewomanistakingtheshuttle.B.Whenthewomanhasherclasses.C.Wheretheman’snextclassis.7.Whatwillthemando?A.Walktotheothersideoftheschool.B.Waitforabuswiththewoman.C.Haveaclass.聽第7段材料,回答第8至9題。8.Wherewillthewomanhavethedesksdelivered?A.ToNo.52CYorkAvenue.B.ToNo.8YorkAvenueC.ToNo.5YorkAvenue.9.Whatissaidaboutthedelivery?A.Itwillreceivea10%discount.B.Itwillbepaidincash.C.Itwillarriveaheadoftime聽第8段材料,回答第10至12題。10.Whatdidthemanlose?A.Thereceipt.B.Theplanetickets.C.Thewallet,11.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheman?A.Heisforgetful.B.Heistoobusy.C.Heiscareless.12.Wheredoesthewomansuggestthemansearch?A.Inhissuitcase,B.Inhispockets.C.Inhisdesk聽第9段材料,回答第13至16題。13.WhatdoesSabinathinkisthemostimportantforapetition?A.Tobephysicallyfit.B.Tobementallyprepared.C.Tobeprofessionallytrained.14.WhatdoesSabinathinkaboutbeforegoingoncourt?A.Thepetitor.B.Thetechnique.C.Thetraining.15.WhatdoweknowaboutSabina?A.Shebecamestrongeraftereatingsomemeat.B.SheplayedagameatWimbledontwoweeksago.C.Sheisavegetarian.16.WhatwillSabinadoaftershestopsplayingtennis?A.Enjoyherfreetime.B.Traintennisplayers.C.Findafulltimejob.聽第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Saturday.18.Whatskillcancamperslearnthroughthistrip?A.Howtomakeuseofcookingequipment.B.Howtoavoiddangerousanimals.C.Howtofindsafenaturalfood.19.Howwillcamperscookfood?A.Withacampingcooker.B.Onahotrock.C.Withafryingpan.20.Whatcancampersdrink?A.Juices.B.Boiledwater.C.Hotchocolate.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。AStartinganewbookcanfeellikeabitofamitment,butitdoesn’thavetobe!Herearefourbooksyoucanreadinasingleday.TheHouseonMangoStreetReleasedin1984andwrittenbyMexicanAmericanauthorSandraCisneros,TheHouseonMangoStreetisonly103pageslong.It’sarapidreadforthoselookingtodiptheirtoesintothewater,butitstilldealswithplexthemesandimportantsubjectmattersincludinglanguage,race,ageingandtroubles.TheMidnightLibraryTheMidnightLibraryfromtheEnglishauthorMattHaigwasreleasedin2020.It’s288pages,whichmakesitalittlemorechallengingbutstillabsolutelydoableinasingleday.Thenovelisallaboutstorytelling,withNoraSeedexploringthe“whatifs”ofherlife.ThePerilousLifeofJadeYeoReleasedin2012andwrittenbythefantasticMalaysianEnglishauthorZenCho,thepagecountisanextremelymanageable76pages,whichmakesthisanothereffectivefirstreadinoneday.ThenovelissetinLondoninthe1920sandfollowsthelifeofanotherwriter,JadeYeo.Thereisevenenoughtimeforreaderstoappreciateafilmadaptationofthebookafterreadingit.StardustThe1999novelbyEnglishauthorNeilGaimanisaperfectpresentationofthewriter’sfantasystylingsattheirbest.Stardust,whichbecameamajormotionpicture,sitsat256pages.It’sepicinitsscale,butthereadercanfitthenovelintoasingleday,givingthematruesenseofabsoluteescapismtothefantasylandofStormhold.1.WhatisNOTinvolvedinthebookwrittenbySandraCisneros?A.Language. B.Race. C.Literature D.Growingold2.Whichbookisabitmoredifficulttofinishinaday?A.TheHouseonMangoStreet.B.TheMidnightLibraryC.ThePerilousLifeofJadeYeo.D.Stardust3.WhatdoThePerilousLifeofJadeYeoandStardusthaveinmon?ATheyarebothsetinLondon.B.Theyarebothintendedforfantasyreaders.C.Theywerebothmadeintoafilm.D.Thecharactersinthetwobooksarefictional.【答案】1.C2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹的是可以在一天內(nèi)讀完的四本書的相關(guān)情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheHouseonMangoStreet部分的“Releasedin1984andwrittenbyMexicanAmericanauthorSandraCisneros,TheHouseonMangoStreetisonly103pageslong.It’sarapidreadforthoselookingtodiptheirtoesintothewater,butitstilldealswithplexthemesandimportantsubjectmattersincludinglanguage,race,ageingandtroubles.(《芒果街上的房子》出版于1984年，由墨西哥裔美國作家SandraCisneros撰寫，全書只有103頁。這本書對于那些想要涉水的人來說是一本快速讀物，但它仍然涉及復(fù)雜的主題和重要的主題，包括語言、種族、衰老和煩惱)”可知，SandraCisneros寫的書中沒有涉及文學(xué)。故選C。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheMidnightLibrary部分的“It’s288pages,whichmakesitalittlemorechallengingbutstillabsolutelydoableinasingleday.(這本書有288頁，這使得它更具挑戰(zhàn)性，但在一天內(nèi)仍然完全可以完成)”可知，TheMidnightLibrary這本書在一天內(nèi)讀完比較難。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThePerilousLifeofJadeYeo部分的“Thereisevenenoughtimeforreaderstoappreciateafilmadaptationofthebookafterreadingit.(這本書甚至有足夠的時間讓讀者在讀完之后欣賞根據(jù)這本書改編的電影)”和Stardust部分的“Stardust,whichbecameamajormotionpicture,sitsat256pages.(Stardust后來成為一部重要的電影，長達256頁)”可知，ThePerilousLifeofJadeYeo和Stardust兩本書的共同點是它們都被拍成了電影。故選C。BForyears,Ilivedoutofasuitcase,everreadytogetonaflightwheneverIgotachance.Discoveringtheworldthroughtheeyesofawriter,Idiligentlyaddednotetoeveryexperience,mittingittopaperforwhenmemoryfaded.Iwasalwayseagerforthenextdestination.However,thepandemicbroughtallmyflightsoffancytoasuddenhalt,asitdidforeveryoneelse.Withtheworldlockeddownformonths,thedesirefortravelinmewaned.Whatplacewasbetterthanhome?Butwhatreallywashome?IwasborninthecostalcityofMumbai.Havinglivedherefor15years,therewerepartsIknewatlengthandloved,andothersbeyondmyfortzone,whichIhadn’texplored.Idecidedtobeeatourist,seeingthecityanewthroughtheeyesofavisitor,ratherthanmyboredonesasalocal.IwentonasunsetcruiseforthefirsttimeonatinysailboatonthemagicalArabianSea.Butmostofthetimewespentindoors.TheUnitedNationsWorldTourismOrganizationsaidthebiggestchallengeofpandemictravelistheuncertaintyandthedifferentrulesindifferentcountriestoobey.Ifinallygotonaplanetomakeittotheclosestdestinationpossibletousbyflight—thesunshinestateofGoa,lessthananhourawayfromMumbai.Puttingmytoeintosoftpowderysandwasprecious,evenafteralifetimeorexotictravel.Afteraweekofblissonthebeach,though,Iwasrelievedtobebackhome.Eversince,Ihavemadeafewshortjourneysbutthetravelbugseemstohavebeenputdown,atleastfornow.Butevenastouristswillbeflockingalloverasrevengetraveltakesover,Ihaverealizedthatthereisnoplacequitelikehome.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“waned”meaninparagraph2?A.Appeared. B.Paused. C.Declined. D.Climbed.5.Whatisthebiggestchallengetotravelduringthepandemictime?A.Thecrowdedtrafficincertaindestinations.B.People’sfearofbeinginfectedbytheviruses.C.Thehighcostoftravellinginsuchaspecialtime.D.Thedifferentpoliciestoobserveindifferentnations.6.WhichstatementisNOTcorrectaccordingtothetext?A.Theexotictravelisbetterthanthatofathome.B.TheauthorusedtohavegreatpassionfortravellingC.TheauthorfeltrelaxedafteraweekoffunonthebeachD.Theauthorexploredhis/hercityfromanewperspective7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.MyTravellingThirstSatisfiedatHomeB.MyDesireforTravellinginthePandemicC.MyRevengeTravellingafterthePandemicD.ChallengesofTravellingTakenatHome【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者很喜歡旅游，但是疫情期間旅游受限，作者反而覺得沒有哪個地方比得上家?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段劃線單詞前一句“However,thepandemicbroughtallmyflightsoffancytoasuddenhalt,asitdidforeveryoneelse.(然而，像其他人一樣，疫情讓我所有的幻想都戛然而止。)”以及劃線單詞下一句“Whatplacewasbetterthanhome?(還有什么地方比家更好呢？)”可知，作者對于旅游的渴望沒之前強烈了。選項A“Appeared(出現(xiàn))”；選項B“Paused(停止)”；選項C“Declined(下降)”；選項D“Climbed(爬)”。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“TheUnitedNationsWorldTourismOrganizationsaidthebiggestchallengeofpandemictravelistheuncertaintyandthedifferentrulesindifferentcountriestoobey.(聯(lián)合國世界旅游組織表示，疫情期間旅行的最大挑戰(zhàn)是不確定性和不同國家要遵守的不同規(guī)則。)”可知，疫情期間旅行面對的最大挑戰(zhàn)是需要遵守各個國家的不同規(guī)則。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Ifinallygotonaplanetomakeittotheclosestdestinationpossibletousbyflight—thesunshinestateofGoa,lessthananhourawayfromMumbai.Puttingmytoeintosoftpowderysandwasprecious,evenafteralifetimeorexotictravel.Afteraweekofblissonthebeach,though,Iwasrelievedtobebackhome.(我終于坐上了飛機，飛往離我們最近的目的地——陽光普照的果阿邦，距離孟買不到一小時的路程。把腳趾伸進柔軟的粉狀沙子里是很珍貴的，即使是在經(jīng)歷了一生或異國旅行之后。不過，在海灘上享受了一周的幸福之后，回到家讓我松了一口氣。)”可知，國內(nèi)旅游不比異國旅游差。選項A“Theexotictravelisbetterthanthatofathome.(異國旅行比在國內(nèi)好。)”表述錯誤。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Eversince,Ihavemadeafewshortjourneysbutthetravelbugseemstohavebeenputdown,atleastfornow.Butevenastouristswillbeflockingalloverasrevengetraveltakesover,Ihaverealizedthatthereisnoplacequitelikehome.(從那以后，我做了幾次短途旅行，但至少現(xiàn)在，旅行的毛病似乎已經(jīng)被放下了。但是，盡管游客們會蜂擁而來，因為報復(fù)性旅游占據(jù)了上風(fēng)，但我已經(jīng)意識到，沒有哪個地方比得上家。)”可知，作者對旅游的渴望被家的感覺所治愈了。所以“MyTravellingThirstSatisfiedatHome(我的旅行渴望在家里得到了滿足)”作為文章標(biāo)題最為合適。故選A。CFromlittlehummingbirds(蜂鳥)tobigwildgeese,roughlyhalfoftheworld’smorethan10,000birdspeciesmigrate.Longerwingsandstrongflyingmusclesoftenhelpthesebirdsflyintheairforalongdistance.Butanewstudyofnearlyallbirdspeciessuggestsmanymigratorsshareanotherunexpectedflightaid:lightercoloredfeathers.Researcherssaythathavingmorelightlycoloredfeathersthannonmigratingbirdsmayhelptheselongdistanceflyersstaycoolastheyworkhardunderthehotsuntofly.It’sknownthatcolorcanhelpbirdshidefromsomedangerousanimalswhichcanhuntthemasfood,orattractmatesbystandingout.Butcolorhasdelicateeffectstoo,includingregulatingtemperaturebyabsorbingorreflectinglight,saysKasparDelhey.Forexample,birdeggslaidincolderclimatestendtobedarker,whichmayhelpkeepthemwarm.Migratingbirdspushtheirbodiestothephysiologicallimit,whichcreatesmoreheat.Somespeciesdealingwiththeproblembyflyingtocoolerairduringdaytime.“Ifoverheatingisaprobleminmigratorybirds,anotherwayofdealingwiththatwouldbetoevolvelightercolorsthatabsorblessheat,”Delheysays.Delheyandhiscolleaguesanalyzedover20,000picturesof10,618birdspecies,rankingwinglightnessforeachspeciesandparingthatwithhowfarthebirdsfly.Onaverage,lightnessslightlyincreasedwithmigratorydistance,theteamfound.Thelongestdistancemigratorswereabout4percentlighterthannomigrators,aneffectthatwasn’texplainedbysize,climateorhabitattypefordifferentspecies.“It’snotabigdifference,”Delheysays,notingthatmanymigratorsaredarklycolored,perhapsforreasonsunrelatedtoflight.Butthetrendwassignificantlyconsistent.8.Whatadvantageofthemigratorsisbeyondpeople’sknowledge?A.Theyhavelargegroups.B.Theyhavelongerwings.C.Theyhavestrongbodies.D.Theyhavelightercoloredfeathers.9.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofthebirdeggs?A.Toindicatethatthedarkcolorscanreflectlight.B.Toexplainwhybirdskeepeggswarmincoldclimates.C.Toprovethatcolorplaysaroleinadjustingtemperatures.D.Toshowhowcolorhelpsbirdsavoidbeingseenbyhunters.10.Whatproblemdomigratorshavetodealwithduringmigration?A.Thelackoffood.B.Thelongdistance.C.Thecoolerandcoolerclimate.D.Theincreasingbodytemperature.11.Howdidtheresearchersgettheirconclusion?A.Bycheckingfigures.B.Bymakingparisons.C.Bymakingquestionnaires.D.Bydrawingpictures.【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員的新發(fā)現(xiàn)：長途遷徙的候鳥擁有顏色更淺的羽毛?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Butanewstudyofnearlyallbirdspeciessuggestsmanymigratorsshareanotherunexpectedflightaid:lightercoloredfeathers.(但一項針對幾乎所有鳥類的新的研究表明，許多候鳥都有另一種意想不到的飛行輔助物：顏色較淺的羽毛。)”以及第二段“Researcherssaythathavingmorelightlycoloredfeathersthannonmigratingbirdsmayhelptheselongdistanceflyersstaycoolastheyworkhardunderthehotsuntofly.(研究人員說，與非遷徙鳥類相比，羽毛顏色更淺這可能有助于這些長途飛行的鳥類在炎熱的太陽下努力飛行時保持涼爽。)”可知，很多候鳥羽毛顏色較淺，這有助于它們長途飛行，這是人們以前沒有認(rèn)識到的。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Butcolorhasdelicateeffectstoo,includingregulatingtemperaturebyabsorbingorreflectinglight,saysKasparDelhey.Forexample,birdeggslaidincolderclimatestendtobedarker,whichmayhelpkeepthemwarm.(但顏色也有微妙的影響，包括通過吸收或反射光線來調(diào)節(jié)溫度，KasparDelhey說。例如，在寒冷氣候下的鳥蛋往往顏色較深，這可能有助于保暖。)”可知，作者提到鳥蛋的例子是為了證明上句的觀點：顏色有微妙的影響，能夠通過吸收或反射光線來調(diào)節(jié)溫度。故選C。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Migratingbirdspushtheirbodiestothephysiologicallimit,whichcreatesmoreheat.Somespeciesdealingwiththeproblembyflyingtocoolerairduringdaytime.‘Ifoverheatingisaprobleminmigratorybirds,anotherwayofdealingwiththatwouldbetoevolvelightercolorsthatabsorblessheat,’Delheysays.(遷徙的鳥類將身體推向生理極限，從而產(chǎn)生更多的熱量。一些物種通過在白天飛到?jīng)鏊目諝庵衼斫鉀Q這個問題?！绻^熱是候鳥的一個問題，另一種處理方法是進化出更淺的顏色，吸收更少的熱量，’Delhey說。)”可知，候鳥在遷徙過程中必須解決體溫升高的問題。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Delheyandhiscolleaguesanalyzedover20,000picturesof10,618birdspecies,rankingwinglightnessforeachspeciesandparingthatwithhowfarthebirdsfly.Onaverage,lightnessslightlyincreasedwithmigratorydistance,theteamfound.Thelongestdistancemigratorswereabout4percentlighterthannomigrators,aneffectthatwasn’texplainedbysize,climateorhabitattypefordifferentspecies.(Delhey和他的同事分析了10,618種鳥類的20,000多張照片，對每種鳥類的翅膀顏色深淺度進行排名，并將其與鳥類的飛行距離進行比較。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，平均而言，隨著遷徙距離越遠，顏色也越淺。遷徙距離最長的候鳥比留鳥顏色淺約4%，這種影響并不能用不同物種的大小、氣候或棲息地類型來解釋。。)”可知，研究人員通過比較鳥類遷徙距離和羽毛顏色的深淺度得出研究結(jié)論。故選B。DInprinciple,itsoundssimple:eatlessandmovemore.Thisdietaryadviceforhandlingobesityhasbeenaroundfordecades.Yet,despiteallthecaloriecounting,dietingandexercising,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepsoaringup.Inarecentpaper,researchersquestionthebasicassumptionofwhethertakinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnreallyistheprimarycauseofobesity.Theyarguethattheevidenceactuallypointstheotherway:wearedriventoovereatbecausewearegettingfatter.Thismayseemincredible,butconsidertherapidadolescentgrowth.Astheirgrowthratespeedsup,teenagersmayeatmuchmorethantheyusedto.Doesthis“overeating”causetherapidgrowth?Ordoestherapidgrowthmaketeenshungriersotheyeatmore?Clearlythelatter,asadultswon’tgrowtaller,nomatterhowmuchtheyeat.Afewhoursaftereatingahighcarbmeal,thenumberofcaloriesinthebloodstreamdropsdramatically,sowegethungriersooner.Fromthisperspective,thedifficultyresistinghungerthatsomanydietershaveisn’tasignofpoordiscipline,butratherabiologicalprobleminvolvinghowourbodiesdistributethecaloriesweconsume.Alowcalorie,lowfatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergy,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencytostoretoomanycaloriesinbodyfat.Consequently,weightlossbeesabattlebetweenmindandmetabolism(新陳代謝)thatmostpeoplewillprobablylose.Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthiscontroversialidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavedominatedourthinkingfordecades.12.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A.Itisextremelytoughtodealwithoverweight.B.Eatinglessandmovingmorewillmakeyouloseweight.C.Weareforcedtoeatmorefoodbecausewearegettingfatter.D.Takinginmorecaloriesthanyouburnisthemaincauseofobesity.13.Whyisitdifficultfordieterstoresisthungeraccordingtothetext?A.Becausethedietersarefondofeatingahighcarbmeal.B.Becausesomeofthedietersareweakinselfdiscipline.C.Becausethenumberofcaloriesintheblooddropsdramatically.D.Becausethecaseismorerelatedtothedistributionofcaloriestakenin.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutalowcalorie,lowfatdietaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Itcausespeopletofeelhungrier.B.Itsolvesthetendencyfortoomuchfat.C.Itprovidestheenergypeopleneed.D.Itmakespeoplelosetheirmetabolism.15.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthecauseandeffectbetweencaloriesandweightgain?A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.【答案】12.A13.D14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要講的是在最近的一篇論文中，研究人員質(zhì)疑了一個基本假設(shè)，即攝入的卡路里是否真的是導(dǎo)致肥胖的主要原因。他們認(rèn)為，事實恰恰相反:我們之所以吃得過多，是因為我們越來越胖?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Yet,despiteallthecaloriecounting,dietingandexercising,worldwideobesityratesjustkeepsoaringup.(然而，盡管我們在計算卡路里、節(jié)食和鍛煉，全球肥胖率仍在飆升。)”可知，處理超重問題是極其困難的。故選A。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Fromthisperspective,thedifficultyresistinghungerthatsomanydietershaveisn’tasignofpoordiscipline,butratherabiologicalprobleminvolvinghowourbodiesdistributethecaloriesweconsume.(從這個角度來看，許多節(jié)食者難以抵抗饑餓并不是缺乏自制力的表現(xiàn)，而是一個生物學(xué)問題，涉及到我們的身體如何分配我們消耗的卡路里。)”可知，節(jié)食者很難抵抗饑餓是因為這種情況更與攝入的卡路里分布有關(guān)。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Alowcalorie,lowfatdietfurtherrestrictsanalreadylimitedsupplyofenergy,worseninghungerwithoutaddressingtheunderlyingtendencytostoretoomanycaloriesinbodyfat.(低卡路里、低脂肪的飲食進一步限制了本已有限的能量供應(yīng)，加劇了饑餓感，卻沒有解決身體脂肪中儲存過多卡路里的潛在趨勢。)”可知，低熱量低脂肪飲食使人們感到更餓。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Althoughmuchmoreresearchwillbeneededtotestthiscontroversialidea,itistimetoquestionthebasicassumptionsaboutcauseandeffect,caloriesandweightgainthathavedominatedourthinkingfordecades.(雖然還需要更多的研究來驗證這個有爭議的想法，但現(xiàn)在是時候質(zhì)疑幾十年來主導(dǎo)我們思維的關(guān)于因果關(guān)系、卡路里和體重增加的基本假設(shè)了。)”可知，作者對卡路里和體重增加之間的因果關(guān)系持懷疑態(tài)度，故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Speakingwithpeoplewhoaresufferingisdifficult.____16____Sometimesit’sjustdifficulttoknowwhattosay.Wordsfailus.Herearesometipsfortalkingaboutillnesswithlovedones.____17____Visitthem,orifthat’snotpossible,justcallthem.Don’tworryifyouweren’tthereintheirexacthourofneed.It’simportanttoletthemknowyou’vebeenthinkingofthemandthatyouregretthedelay.Askspecificopenquestions.Yourfriendwillnodoubthavearoutineresponseto“Howareyoufeeling?”Sosteerawayfromroutinepolitenessbyaskingspecificopenquestions,suchas,“Somuchhashappenedsincewelastspoke,tellmewhat’sbeengoingonwithyou.”____18____Don’targuewiththem.Youmayindeedbelievethatdrinkingherbteaisacureall,orafriendofyourfriendmightwellhavebenefitedfromadietarychange.____19____Yourfriendislikelyexhaustedandsensitive,sothereisnoneedtocontradicttheirlivedexperience.Letthemleadtheconversationabouttheirhealth,whichisasmallconcessionthatyoushouldmake.Knowhowtoassistthem.Ifyou’vegiventhemenoughroomtotalk,youshouldhaveawealthofinformationabouthowtohelpthem.____20____Dotheylikebeinginthegarden?Maybeyou’vebeencuttingyourownlawnandcouldbringthemowerroundbeforeyouputitaway.A.Reachouttoyourunwelllovedone.B.Approachthesituationinagentlemanner.C.Butrememberwhereyouareandwhyyouarethere.D.Peopleinpaincanoftenbebadtempered,distantorgreatlyinneed.E.Yoursickfriendorrelativeisliterallyanexpertinwhatit’sliketolivewithsickness.F.Specificinformationsuchasdiagnosisandsymptomsiswhattheyarewillingtoshare.G.Makesuggestionstoyourfriendsbasedonyourcloselisteningandknowledgeoftheirhistory.【答案】16.D17.A18.F19.C20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。和正在遭受痛苦的人交談是困難的，有時候會無話可說，作者在文中介紹了一些如何與所愛的親人朋友談?wù)摷膊〉慕ㄗh。【16題詳解】上文“Speakingwithpeoplewhoaresufferingisdifficult.(與正在遭受痛苦的人交談是很困難的。)”說明與正在受苦的人交談是個難題；D選項“Peopleinpaincanoftenbebadtempered,distantorgreatlyinneed.(處于痛苦中的人往往脾氣暴躁、冷漠或非常需要幫助。)”承接上文，闡述了與正遭受痛苦的人交談很難的原因，選項中的“Peopleinpain”與上文“peoplewhoaresuffering”表達的內(nèi)容一致。故選D?！?7題詳解】由文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，設(shè)空處為此段的主旨句，結(jié)合第三、四、五段的段首句可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為祈使句；由下文“Visitthem,orifthat’snotpossible,justcallthem.Don’tworryifyouweren’tthereintheirexacthourofneed.It’simportanttoletthemknowyou’vebeenthinkingofthemandthatyouregretthedelay.(看望他們，或者如果不可能，請致電他們。如果您在他們需要的確切時間不在那里，請不要擔(dān)心。重要的是要讓他們知道你一直在想他們，并且你對延遲感到遺憾。)”可知此段建議主動伸出援手，聯(lián)系你身體不適的親人或朋友，讓他們知道你在惦記著他們。A選項“Reachouttoyourunwelllovedone.(主動聯(lián)系您身體不適的親人。)”符合本段主旨，適合作為主旨句。故選A。【18題詳解】由主旨句“Askspecificopenquestions.(問一些具體的開放性問題。)”以及設(shè)空處上文“Sosteerawayfromroutinepolitenessbyaskingspecificopenquestions,suchas,‘Somuchhashappenedsincewelastspoke,tellmewhat’sbeengoingonwithyou.’(所以，避開常規(guī)的禮貌，問一些具體的開放性問題，比如，‘自從我們上次談話以來，發(fā)生了很多事情，告訴我你發(fā)生了什么事?！?”可知，本段建議問一些具體的開放性的問題；F選項“Specificinformationsuchasdiagnosisandsymptomsiswhattheyarewillingtoshare.(診斷和癥狀等具體信息是他們愿意分享的。)”舉例說明哪些具體信息是身體不適的人愿意交流的，符合語境，選項中的“Specificinformation”與上文以及主旨句中的“askingspecificopenquestions”相對應(yīng)。故選F。【19題詳解】由主旨句“Don’targuewiththem.(不要和他們爭論。)”可知此段建議不要和身體不適的人爭論；上文“Youmayindeedbelievethatdrinkingherbteaisacureall,orafriendofyourfriendmightwellhavebenefitedfromadietarychange.(你可能真的相信喝草藥茶是包治百病的良藥，或者你朋友的朋友很可能從飲食變化中受益。)”說明你可能會有自己的觀點；C選項“Butrememberwhereyouareandwhyyouarethere.(但要記住你在哪里，你為什么在那里。)”承接上文，說明即使你有自己的觀點，但是要記住你是在和病人交談，不要反駁他們；下文“Yourfriendislikelyexhaustedandsensitive,sothereisnoneedtocontradicttheirlivedexperience.(你的朋友可能很疲憊和敏感的，所以沒有必要反駁他們的生活經(jīng)驗。)”承接C選項，闡述了不要與生病的人爭論的原因；由此可知，C選項符合語境。故選C。【20題詳解】上文“Knowhowtoassistthem.Ifyou’vegiventhemenoughroomtotalk,youshouldhaveawealthofinformationabouthowtohelpthem.(知道如何幫助他們。如果你給了他們足夠的談話空間，你應(yīng)該有很多關(guān)于如何幫助他們的信息)”說明在交談中要知道如何去幫助對方；G選項“Makesuggestionstoyourfriendsbasedonyourcloselisteningandknowledgeoftheirhistory.(根據(jù)你的仔細(xì)傾聽和對他們歷史的了解，給你的朋友提出建議。)”闡述了可以通過認(rèn)真傾聽以及根據(jù)對對方過去的了解，給出符合實際情況的一些建議，來給與幫助；下文“Dotheylikebeinginthegarden?Maybeyou’vebeencuttingyourownlawnandcouldbringthemowerroundbeforeyouputitaway.(他們喜歡呆在花園里嗎？也許你一直在修剪自己的草坪，在你把它收起來之前，可以把割草機帶過來。)”承接選項G,舉例說明如何根據(jù)對所愛的人的了解來提供幫助。由此可知G選項，符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題上將該項涂黑。Whilethereisn’tanythinguniqueaboutan8yearoldlongingforapetdogtheextremestowhichJennaBateswaswillingtogomakeherunique.“Mydadreallydidn’twantadog,soIknewIhadtodosomethingsuper___21___toearnone,”shesaid.ThenJenna___22___withadealherfathercouldn’t___23___.She’d___24___sugarofalltypesforayear,andherparentswouldrewardherstrong___25___withapuppydog.“Oh,she’llnever___26___it.”Mr.Batessaid.Hefiguredadayofwatchingherfriendseatpizzawouldendanymore___27___aboutdogs.Afterall,Jennahadnevereven___28___toreadafoodlabelbeforemakingthisdeal.___29___heraffectionforsweets,shestartedthedealwithconfidence.AsJennareadthe____30____onthefood,shewas____31____tolearnmostchips,ketchup,bread,andcrackershadaddedsugar.“ThenIlookedatmy____32____meal,andthenIlookedatmynormallunch.Ithought,“WhatdidIdo?”shesaid.“Butthen,Ithought,‘Icandoitformydog!’”Thenthatkept____33____overandover.Actually,shefoundherself____34____hernewlivingwaysopletelythatshehadnoplanstogiveitup.Dad____35____broughtforwardhisendofthe____36____earlierthismonth.Thefamily____37____fortwohourstopickuptheir____38____member—Lucy,thegoldendoodle.Jennamaynotbesurehowmuchlongershe’llstayawayfromsugar,____39____sheissureaboutonething—beingadogownerisevenbetterthanshe’d____40____.21.A.hard B.simple C.sharp D.urgent22.A.caughtup B.putup C.filledup D.cameup23.A.help B.think C.resist D.regret24.A.miss B.lose C.link D.quit25.A.will B.strength C.desire D.purpose26.A.get B.make C.lose D.bring27.A.conversations B.options C.sections D.solutions28.A.agreed B.bothered C.aimed D.intended29.A.Infavorof B.Intermsof C.Inspiteof D.Inhonorof30.A.dates B.names C.labels D.brands31.A.worried B.pleased C.thrilled D.horrified32.A.expensive B.healthy C.delicious D.entire33.A.remaining B.reminding C.repeating D.reviewing34.A.expecting B.embracing C.evaluating D.exploring35.A.frequently B.cautiously C.deliberately D.officially36.A.bargain B.problem C.lesson D.budget37.A.walked B.chose C.drove D.separated38.A.oldest B.newest C.best D.fastest39.A.but B.so C.or D.and40.A.remended B.predicted C.understood D.imagined【答案】21.A22.D23.C24.D25.A26.B27.A28.B29.C30.C31.D32.B33.C34.B35.D36.A37.C38.B39.A40.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位名叫JennaBates的女孩，一年前向她的父母提出了一個想法——她將戒糖一年以換取一只小狗，她做到了，如愿以償獲得小狗?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她說：“我爸爸真的不想養(yǎng)狗，所以我知道我必須做一些超級困難的事情來贏得一只狗?！盇.hard困難的；B.simple簡單的，樸素的；C.sharp鋒利的，敏銳的；D.urgent緊急的。根據(jù)上文“Whilethereisn’tanythinguniqueaboutan8yearoldlongingforapetdog,theextremestowhichJennaBateswaswillingtogomakeherunique.”以及下文“She’d___4___sugarofalltypesforayear,andherparentswouldrewardherstrong___5___withapuppydog.”可知，JennaBates想通過完成一件超難的事情，讓爸爸答應(yīng)她養(yǎng)狗。故選A。【22題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：然后Jenna想出了一個她父親無法抗拒的交易。A.caughtup趕上，追上；B.putup張貼；C.filledup充滿，（使）填滿；D.cameup出現(xiàn)，被提及。由下文“She’d___4___sugarofalltypesforayear,andherparentswouldrewardherstrong___5___withapuppydog.”可知Jenna想出了一個父親無法抗拒的、會同意她養(yǎng)狗的交易，動詞短語eupwith意為“想出，想到”符合句意。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后Jenna想出了一個她父親無法抗拒的交易。A.help幫助；B.think認(rèn)為，考慮；C.resist阻擋，抵制；D.regret懊悔，對……感到遺憾。由上文“Mydadreallydidn’twantadog”可知Jenna的爸爸