2024年新高考考前押題密卷英語（新高考Ⅰ卷）（全解全析）

地理第2頁（共3頁）2024年高考考前押題密卷（新高考I卷）英語·全解全析（考試時間：120分鐘試卷滿分：150分）注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號和座位號填寫在答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型(A)填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼橫貼在答題卡右上角“條形碼粘貼處”。2.作答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目選項的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑;如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案，答案不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔：考試結(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whenwillthefootballmatchtakeplace?A．OnSaturday. B．OnFriday. C．OnThursday.【答案】A【原文】W:WillyoutakepartinthefootballmatchonSaturday?M:That’sthedayaftertomorrow.I’mafraidnot.Ihavetosetasidethreedaystoprepareforthemathexamnextweek.2．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Jonny’skinddeed. B．Theoldlady’strouble. C．Theuseofsocialmedia.【答案】A【原文】W:YesterdayJonnymetanoldladyinthestreet,whocouldn’tfindherwayhome.M:Didhetakehertothepolicestation?W:No.Hehelpedhersendtheirpositiontotheoldwoman’ssonthroughsocialmedia.Andhewaitedwithheruntilshewaspickedup.3．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A．Inthediningroom. B．Inthelivingroom. C．Inthegarden.【答案】A【原文】W:John,askyourfathertocometohavedinnernow.M:Alright.Butwhereishe?Isheinthelivingroom?W:No,hemustbewateringthevegetablesinthegarden.4．Whydothespeakerschoosethesubway?A．Theweatheristoohot. B．Thetimeisverytight. C．Theircarisbeingrepaired.【答案】A【原文】W:Youknowwhat?AnexhibitionofPicasso’spaintingsisbeingheldintheArtGallery.Doyouwanttogowithme?M:HowcanImissit?Butitisburninghot.Wewillmeltifwecyclethere.W:Sowehavenochoicebuttotakethesubway.Ifonlywehadacar!5．Howdidthemanfeelafterwatchingthevideo?A．Excited. B．Moved. C．Surprised.【答案】B【原文】M:Theshortvideohasmorethan2millionviewsnow.Haveyouwatchedit?W:Youmeantheoneyousharedyesterday?Yes.Iwaseventouchedtotears.M:Totellyouthetruth,sowasI.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答6、7小題。6．Whydoesthemanchoosetobiketowork?A．Heworksinaparknearhishome.B．Hehasnotraintotakenearhishome.C．Hewantstodohispartfortheenvironment.7．Howlongdoesittakethewomantogotowork?A．Onehour. B．Twohours. C．Threehours.【答案】6．C7．B【原文】W:Hey,Jim.Ididn’tknowyoubikedtowork.M:Yeah,ithelpskeepmefitandhelpstheenvironment,too.W:Onelesscarontheroadmeanslesspollution.M:Right,sincemyworkisnearapark,it’sareallyniceride,too.W:Howfarisit?M:Oh,about10miles.Ittakesmeaboutanhour.W:Thatdoesn’tsoundtoobad.IwishIcoulddoit,butIworkinthecity.SoItakeatwo-hourtrainridetogotoworkeveryday.M:You’redoingyourpartfortheenvironmentbyusingpublictransportation,too.W:True.Well,seeyoutomorrow.M:Seeyou.聽第7段材料，回答8、9小題。8．Whoistheman?A．Thewoman’sschoolfriend.B．Thewoman’scolleague.C．Thewoman’sneighbor.9．Howwillthewomangohome?A．Bytaxi. B．Bybus. C．Bycar.【答案】8．A9．C【原文】M:Jessica,Ithinkyou'rekindofdrunk.W:Don'tworryaboutme.Maybebecausetoday'spartywassomuchfun.M:Ofcoursewehaven'tseeneachotherfortenyearsafterthegraduationceremony.Well,howwillyougohome?W:Iwillgetataxibecauseit'squitelate.I'mafraidthattherewon'tbeanybuses.M:Iwilldriveyouhome.Yourhouseisonthesameroadasmine.It'ssoconvenient.W:Ioweyouone.聽第8段材料，回答10、11、12小題。10．Whydoesthegirlordertheflowers?A．Shelikesflowers.B．Mother’sDayiscoming.C．Shewantstomakeasurprise.11．Whatkindofflowersdoesthegirlfinallyorder?A．Lilies. B．Roses. C．Sunflowers.12．Whenwilltheflowersbedelivered?A．OnMay5th. B．OnMay7th. C．OnMay9th.【答案】10．C11．A12．C【原文】M:Welcometotheflowerstore.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Iwanttoordersomeflowershere.M:Well,youareattherightplace.Whatkindofflowersdoyoulike?W:Doyouhaveanyroses?M:Oh,whatapity.Rosesaresopopularthesedaysthattheyaresoldouttoday.Areyougoingtogivethemtosomeonespecial?W:Yeah,mymother’sbirthdayisonMay9th.Iwanttogiveherasurprise.M:Wow,youaresosweet.Maybeyoucanchangeittolilies.I’msureyourmotherwilllikethem.W:Oh,that’sfine.Bytheway,canIwritesomethingdownonacardandputitintheflowers?M:Noproblem.Iwillchooseapinkcardforyou,whichmatchestheflowersbetter.W:Well,itshouldlookelegant.Oh,thisismyhomeaddress...M:Finally,let’smakeanappointment.TodayisMay5th,andtheflowerswillarriveatyourhouseontimeinfourdays.聽第9段材料，回答以下小題。13．HowdoesthewomanfeelinKidsNClay?A．Fairlytired. B．Abitdisappointed. C．Quitepleased.14．WhatqualitycankidsdevelopbyworkingwithclayaccordingtoKevin?A．Beingorganized. B．Beingconcentrated. C．Beingpatient.15．WhichofthefollowingisofconsiderableimportancetoKevin’scareerpath?A．Specializedtraining. B．Practicalexperience. C．Degreesandcertificates.16．WhatisthesecretofKevin’steaching?A．Showingkidseverystepclearly.B．Offeringkidsincredibleideas.C．Encouragingkidstoreleasetheircreativity.【答案】13．C14．B15．B16．C【原文】W:Kevin,youareoneofthemostgiftedchildren’sartteachersinthebayarea.Studentsstayinyourprogramforyears.Itisveryexcitingtowalkintokidsinclayandobserveit.What’sthesecretofyoursuccess?M:Ijustworkwithclayasamedium.Ithinkclayisanunderestimatedartmedium.Clayinspiresthecreativitywithfewboundaries.Youcanseeitwhenthekidsgetlostinapiece.Whentheyareworkingtheygetsoabsorbedthattheycan’tevenhearyou.W:That’samazing.Whatmadeyoustartteaching?M:Ihadbeenworkingwithclayforaroundtenyears.WhenIwenttoaworkshopatidlewild.Acoupleofwomentoldmeaboutanafterschoolprogramme.Ithought,wouldn’titbefuntogivewhatIknowtokidsbutnoonewould?Givemeajob.Idon’thaveadegreeoranycertificate.ThewomensuggestedIbringintheneighborhoodkids.Iwenthomeandopenedmystudiototheneighborhood.That’showmyprogramstarted.Ialwaystellkidstheycancreateanythingtheywant.Whentheycomeupwithanincredibleidea,myassistantandIwillfigureoutawayforthemtorealizeit.W:Yourdevotionandpassionaretrulyremarkable,Kevin.Thankyouforsharingyourinspiringjourneywithus.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17．Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?A．Hisfeelingafterreceivinganaward.B．Hisexperienceabouttravelingaround.C．Hispreferencefordifferentmusictypes.18．Whereisthespeakerfrom?A．Ireland. B．Scotland. C．England.19．Whatdidthespeakermostrecentlyannouncetothepublic?A．Asinglesong. B．Athree-songcollection. C．Atwelve-songcollection.20．Whowillspeaknext?A．Ayoungmusician. B．Oneofthespeaker’sfans. C．Thehostoftheceremony.【答案】17．A18．C19．A20．C【原文】Honestly,Ican’tbelievemydreamhascometrue.Asayoungman,IhavealwaysbeenimaginingmovingtoLosAngelesonedayandputtingmywholeheartintomusic.Ofcourse,atthetime,thisseemedlikeaverydistanthope.Thankstomyfans,supportersandwife.I’mheretoday.First,Ireleasedthreetwelvesongrecords,whichslowlygainedattentionaroundmyhometowninnorthernEngland,andsomenearbyregionslikeScotlandandIreland.Andnowmylatestproject,whichwasjustasinglesong,caughttheworld’sattention.ForthatI’dsayitonlyhappenedbecauseIrefusedtogiveup.ThroughtheUPSanddownsinmycareer,Ididitallfortheloveofmusic.Sobeingrecognizedforthisawardmeansalottome.Toalltheyoungmusiciansoutthere,youcandoittoo.Plus,toallthefansandanyoneenjoyingmymusic,I’vedonethisforyou.Thisawardisforallofus.Maymanymoregreatthingscomeinthefuture.PutyourhandstogetherforourhostBobAckermanwiththenextaward.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A（原創(chuàng)試題）題源：Formoreinformationandupdates,visitArts+PublicLifeonFacebookChicagoArtCenter'sUpcomingProgramsLocation:

GreenLinePerformingArtsCenter

329EGarfieldBlvd.

Chicago,IL60637UpcomingEvents:1.FirstMondayJazzSeries:Crosswind

Date:Monday,February4th

Time:7—9p.m.EnjoyaneveningofsoulfuljazzbylocalChicagoartists.TheFirstMondayJazzSeriespresents"Crosswind"-amonthlyshowcaseoftalentthatwillhaveyoutappingyourfeetandswayingtotherhythm.Don'tmissoutonthisvibrantcelebrationofmusic!2.GreenLightSeries:SouthSideStoryTime

Date:Sunday,February17th

Time:10—11a.m.Bringyourlittleonesforamorningofenchantingstoriesandinteractivefun!SouthSideStoryTimeinvitesfamiliestogatherforcaptivatingreadingsandengagingactivities.It'stheperfectopportunityforkidstoexplorethemagicofstorytellingwhileparentsconnectwitheachother.3.SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:StoriesinCelebrationofWomen’sPowerandGrace

Date:Wednesday,February20th

Time:7—8:30p.m.Joinusforaninspiringeveninghonoringthestrengthandresilienceofwomen."SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:Stories"featuresthedynamicperformance"IntheSpirit"byEmilyHooperLansana.Immerseyourselfintalesofcourageandempowerment,celebratingthediversecontributionsofwomenthroughouthistory.4.FamilySaturdays:ArtTogether

Date:Every1stSaturdayoftheMonth

Time:3—5p.m.Exploreyourchild’sartisticcuriosityandyourfamily'screativityatourhands-onartworkshops!FamilySaturdaysofferavarietyofengagingactivities,frommusictoartsandcrafts,designedtosparkimaginationandfosterconnection.Whetheryou'reabuddingartistorjustlookingtohavefun,there'ssomethingforeveryonetoenjoy!RegistrationisencouragedforFamilySaturdays.FollowArts+PublicLifeonFacebookformoreeventdetailsandafulllistofupcomingperformances.Whatisthepurposeofthe"FirstMondayJazzSeries:Crosswind"event?A)Toshowcaseinternationaljazzartists.B)Tointroducenewjazzcompositions.C)TofeaturelocalChicagojazzartists.D)Tocelebratetraditionaljazzmusic.2.Whoistheintendedaudienceforthe"SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:Stories"event?A)Youngchildrenandtheirparents.B)Teenagersinterestedinhistory.C)Jazzenthusiasts.D)Womeninterestedinempowerment.3.Whatcanattendeesexpectfromthe"FamilySaturdays:ArtTogether"event?A)Alectureonarthistory.B)Demonstrationsbyprofessionalartists.C)Hands-onartworkshopsforfamilies.D)Aguidedtouroftheartcenter.【答案】21．C22．D23．C【詳解】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了芝加哥GreenLine表演藝術(shù)中心即將舉辦的一系列活動。這些活動包括爵士音樂演出、南區(qū)故事時間、女性力量與魅力的故事演講和家庭藝術(shù)活動等，旨在為社區(qū)居民提供豐富多彩的文化娛樂體驗。21.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章提到“FirstMondayJazz”是一個每月一次的活動，“EnjoyaneveningofsoulfuljazzbylocalChicagoartists”“amonthlyshowcaseoftalentthatwillhaveyoutappingyourfeetandswayingtotherhythm.”,旨在展示當(dāng)?shù)刂ゼ痈绲木羰恳魳匪囆g(shù)家。選項C描述了該活動的目的。22.推理題。文章描述了“SistergirlsandFreedomFighters:Stories”“Immerseyourselfintalesofcourageandempowerment,celebratingthediversecontributionsofwomenthroughouthistory”活動是為了慶祝女性力量和魅力，因此預(yù)計受眾是對賦權(quán)感興趣的女性。正確答案，選項D。23..細(xì)節(jié)題。文章提到“FamilySaturdays:ArtTogether”是一個每月一次的活動，提供親子藝術(shù)工作坊，適合所有年齡段的家庭參加。正確答案，選項C。BInaheartwarmingtalefromGeorgia,a72-year-oldseniorrecentlycelebratedhiscollegegraduationincinemastudies,anachievementmadeevenmorespecialbythepresenceofhisproud99-year-oldmother.SamKaplanofLawrencevilledecidedtostartonhiseducationaljourneyatGeorgiaGwinnettCollegein2019,halfacenturyafterhehadfirstlychosennottogethighereducationfollowinghishighschoolgraduationin1969.Thecatalystforhisreturntoacademiacamewhenheheardaradioannouncementaboutadegreeprogrammeincinemastudies.Recallingthatmoment,Kaplansaid,“IwasdrivingdownthehighwaywhenIheardaboutthedegreeprogramme.ThenextexitledtoCollinsville,soIimmediatelyexited,andwithinfiveminutes,Iwasenrollinginclasses.I’vealwayshadapassionforwritingandstorytelling.Ilongedtotransformmynarrativesintoscreenplays,butIrealizedIneededthebasicknowledgetodoso,”Kaplanadmittedthatthejourneywasamixofanxietyandexcitement,butitprovedtobegreatlyrewarding.Hegraduatedwitha3.975gradepointaverageandperfectgradehonours,majoringincinemaandmediaarts,andhaddesirestocontinuecreatingscreenplaysinthefuture.“Itwasanexcitingandnerve-wracking(神經(jīng)緊張的)challenge.Re-recognizingmyselfwiththeartofstudyingandcommunicatingwithfellowstudentswasalotoffun,”hetoldFOX5Atlanta.ThemostheartwarmingthingofKaplan’sgraduationdaywasthepresenceofhismother,99-year-oldVirginiaKaplan,duringtheceremony.Virginiaexpressedherhugepride,saying,“Iamsoproudofhim.Hefacednumerouschallengesbutinsisted,andIamdelighted,pleased,andextremelyproud,”themotheralsoadded.“Withhisnewdegree,he’sgoingtostandoutinwhateverhedoes.Whoknows,Imightevenmakeanappearanceinthemovies.”24．What’sthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A．Toprovidesomebackground. B．Totellthemainidea.C．Toserveasacomment. D．Toofferanexample.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catalyst”meaninParagraph2?A．Reason. B．Vehicle. C．Task. D．Fact.26．Whatdoweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Themotherdesirestostarinafilm.B．Kaplantakesmuchprideinhimself.C．Kaplanisexcellentatwhateverhedoes.D．Themotherofferstheunshakeablesupport.27．Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.B．It’snevertoolatetofollowadream.C．Thegoodseamanisknowninbadweather.D．Allthingsintheirbeingaregoodforsomething.【答案】24．B25．A26．D27．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位72歲的高齡老人出席了他在電影研究專業(yè)的大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮，而他99歲母親在場見證他的成就，為他感到自豪。這證明追求夢想永遠(yuǎn)不會太遲。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“InaheartwarmingtalefromGeorgia,a72-year-oldseniorrecentlycelebratedhiscollegegraduationincinemastudies,anachievementmadeevenmorespecialbythepresenceofhisproud99-year-oldmother.(喬治亞州發(fā)生了一個感人的故事，一名72歲的大四學(xué)生最近慶祝了他電影專業(yè)的大學(xué)畢業(yè)，而他99歲的母親也在場，這一成就顯得更加特別)”以及全文講述可知，全文就是主要講述了這位老人重返校園的具體情況，所以第一段概括介紹了全文的大意。故選B項。25．詞句猜測題。該劃線詞在句中作主語，根據(jù)畫線詞后“...whenheheardaradioannouncementaboutadegreeprogrammeincinemastudies(當(dāng)他在廣播中聽到一則關(guān)于電影研究學(xué)位課程的公告)”和第三段的“IwasdrivingdownthehighwaywhenIheardaboutthedegreeprogramme.ThenextexitledtoCollinsville,soIimmediatelyexited,andwithinfiveminutes,Iwasenrollinginclasses.(當(dāng)我聽說這個學(xué)位項目時，我正在高速公路上開車。下一個出口通向柯林斯維爾，所以我立刻走了出去，不到五分鐘，我就開始上課了)”可知，此處他在廣播中聽到一則關(guān)于電影研究學(xué)位課程的公告是他重返學(xué)術(shù)界的誘因。所以A項“reason”符合原意。故選A項。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Virginiaexpressedherhugepride,saying,‘Iamsoproudofhim.Hefacednumerouschallengesbutinsisted,andIamdelighted,pleased,andextremelyproud,’themotheralsoadded.‘Withhisnewdegree,he’sgoingtostandoutinwhateverhedoes.Whoknows,Imightevenmakeanappearanceinthemovies.’(維吉尼亞表達(dá)了她巨大的驕傲：‘我為他感到驕傲。他面臨過無數(shù)的挑戰(zhàn)，但他堅持了下來，我很高興，很滿意，也非常自豪?！@位母親又補(bǔ)充說道，‘有了新學(xué)位，他無論做什么都會脫穎而出。誰知道呢，說不定我還會出演電影呢’)”可知，這位99歲的母親對兒子做的事情非常地支持，給予了堅定的支持。故選D項。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“InaheartwarmingtalefromGeorgia,a72-year-oldseniorrecentlycelebratedhiscollegegraduationincinemastudies,anachievementmadeevenmorespecialbythepresenceofhisproud99-year-oldmother.(喬治亞州發(fā)生了一個感人的故事，一名72歲的大四學(xué)生最近慶祝了他電影專業(yè)的大學(xué)畢業(yè)，而他99歲的母親也在場，這一成就顯得更加特別)”所介紹的文章大意以及全文講述可知，一位72歲的高齡老人重返校園在電影研究專業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)，有可能會實現(xiàn)自己拍攝電影的夢想，而他99歲驕傲的母親在場，使這一成就變得更加特別。我們可以從中感悟到追求夢想永遠(yuǎn)不會太遲，年齡不是問題。故選B項。CThemultitalented,RenaissancegeniusLeonardodavinciover500yearsagowrotedownhis“ruleoftrees”,whichdescribedthewayhethoughtthattreesbranch.Thoughitwasabrilliantinsightthathelpedhimtodrawrealisticlandscapes,Leonardo’srulebreaksdownformanytypesoftrees.Now,anewbranchingrule—nicknamed“Leonardo-like”—worksforvirtuallyanyleafytree.“TheolderLeonardoruledescribesthethicknessofthebranches,whilethelengthofthebranchwasnottakenintoaccount,”saysphysicistSergeyGrigoriev.“Therefore,thedescriptionusingtheolderruleisnotcomplete.”Leonardo’srulesaysthatthethicknessofalimbbeforeitbranchesintosmalleronesisthesameasthecombinedthicknessofthelimbssproutingfromit.However,accordingtoGrigorievandhiscolleagues,it’sthesurfaceareathatstaysthesame.Usingsurfaceareaasaguide,thenewruleincorporateslimbwidthsandlengths,andpredictsthatlongbranchesendupbeingthinnerthanshortones.UnlikeLeonardo’sguess,theupdatedruleworkswellwhentheteamchecksslimbirches(樺樹)aswellasstrongoaks.Totesttheirrule,theresearchteamtookphotographsoftreesfromavarietyofspeciesandanalyzedthebranchestoconfirmthatthereal-worldpatternsmatchedthepredictions.Thephotosoffer“adirectmeasurementofthecharacteristicsofatreewithouttouchingit,whichcanbeimportantwhendealingwithalivingobject,”Grigorievsays.Thoughtheteamhasn’tstudiedevergreensyet,theruleholdsforallofthedeciduoustreesthattheresearchershavelookedat.Whileit’spossibletoconfirmtherulebymeasuringbranchesbyhand,itwouldrequireclimbingintotreesandcheckingallthelimbs—ariskyexercisefortreesandscientistsalike.“Note,”theresearcherswrite,“thatnotasingletreewasharmedduringtheseexperiments.”28．WhatdoestheLeonardo’sruleoftreesfocuson?A．Howtreebranchesmaygrow. B．Whatenvironmenttreesneed.C．Howtreescanbedrawnbetter. D．Whatlandscapestreescanform.29．Whyarebirchesandoaksmentionedinparagraph3?A．Tostatethecorrectnessofthenewrule. B．TopresentLeonardo’sinfluentialworks.C．Tocomparethefeaturesofdifferenttrees. D．ToshowthepopularityofLeonardo’srule.30．Howdidtheresearchersprovethenewrule?A．Byapplyingittovarioustrees. B．Byconductingon-siteinspection.C．Byanalyzingpicturesofbranches. D．Bymeasuringrealbranchesdirectly.31．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Furtherexperimentsarerequired. B．Theprotectionoftreesisstressed.C．Riskyaccidentshappenedinthestudy. D．Treesweredamagedintheexperiments.【答案】28．C29．A30．C31．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種“達(dá)芬奇式”的樹木分支枝規(guī)則，指出舊規(guī)則的缺點(diǎn)以及新規(guī)則的正確性。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Themultitalented,RenaissancegeniusLeonardodavinciover500yearsagowrotedownhis“ruleoftrees”,whichdescribedthewayhethoughtthattreesbranch.Thoughitwasabrilliantinsightthathelpedhimtodrawrealisticlandscapes,Leonardo’srulebreaksdownformanytypesoftrees.(500多年前，多才多藝的文藝復(fù)興天才列奧納多·達(dá)·芬奇寫下了他的“樹木法則”，描述了他認(rèn)為樹木的分支方式。雖然這是一個聰明的洞察力，幫助他畫出了逼真的風(fēng)景，但列奧納多的規(guī)則在許多類型的樹木中都不適用)”可知，列奧納多的樹木法則關(guān)注的是如何更好地畫樹。故選C。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“However,accordingtoGrigorievandhiscolleagues,it’sthesurfaceareathatstaysthesame.Usingsurfaceareaasaguide,thenewruleincorporateslimbwidthsandlengths,andpredictsthatlongbranchesendupbeingthinnerthanshortones.UnlikeLeonardo’sguess,theupdatedruleworkswellwhentheteamchecksslimbirches(樺樹)aswellasstrongoaks.(然而，根據(jù)格里戈里耶夫和他的同事的說法，是表面積保持不變。以表面面積為指導(dǎo)，新規(guī)則結(jié)合了樹枝的寬度和長度，并預(yù)測長樹枝最終會比短樹枝更細(xì)。與萊昂納多的猜測不同，更新后的規(guī)則在研究小組檢查細(xì)樺樹和強(qiáng)壯的橡樹時都很有效)”可知，第三段提到了樺樹和橡樹是為了說明新規(guī)則的正確性。故選A。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Totesttheirrule,theresearchteamtookphotographsoftreesfromavarietyofspeciesandanalyzedthebranchestoconfirmthatthereal-worldpatternsmatchedthepredictions.(為了測試他們的規(guī)律，研究小組拍攝了各種樹木的照片，并分析了樹枝，以確認(rèn)現(xiàn)實世界的模式與預(yù)測相符)”可知，研究人員通過分析樹枝的圖片證明這一新規(guī)則。故選C。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Note,”theresearcherswrite,“thatnotasingletreewasharmedduringtheseexperiments.”(“請注意，”研究人員寫道，“在這些實驗中沒有一棵樹受到傷害?！?”可推知，強(qiáng)調(diào)對樹木的保護(hù)。故選B。DHighintheSwissAlpsandtheArctic,scientistshavediscoveredmicrobes(微生物)thatcandigestplastics—importantly,withouttheneedtoapplyextraheat.Theirfindings,publishedinthejournalFrontiersinMicrobiology,couldonedayimproveplasticrecycling.It’snosecretthatplasticpollutionisstillabig,globalissue.SinceitsproductionexplodedduringandafterWorldWarII,humanshavecreatedmorethan9.1billiontonsofplastic—andresearchersestimatethatlessthanonetenthoftheresultingwastehasbeenrecycled.Tomakemattersworse,themostcommonrecyclingoption—whenplasticiswashed,processedandturnedintonewproducts—doesn’tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterialsareoftenoflowerqualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.So,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyondconventionalrecycling—andoneprocessthey’veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.Buttheknownplastic-digestingmicrobescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.Whendoneatanindustrialscale,theamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveoffmorecarbon—andcostmoremoney.ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcoolertemperatures:Theywereabletobreakdownbiodegradable(可生物降解的)plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.Inthenewstudy,co-authorJoelRüthiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19weresuccessfullyabletobreakdownaformofplasticcalledpolyester-polyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwotypesofbiodegradableplasticmixtures.Unfortunately,theplasticsthatthemicrobespartiallydegradedrepresenta“reallysmallamountofplasticsincirculation,”saidGavinLear,anenvironmentalmicrobiologist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Learacknowledgedthatusingnaturalmicrobescanprovideaheadstartwhenitcomestodesigningastrategyforbio-recycling.Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnon-biodegradablematerials,“andwestarttousemoreofthesebiodegradableplastics,thenit’sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklysothey’relessofanenvironmentalproblem,”heconcluded.32．Whatdoweknowabouttheconventionalrecycling?A．Itdoesnotliveuptoexpectations. B．Itcontributestomorewaste.C．Itisnotaspopularasbefore. D．Itensuresnewproductquality.33．Whichbestdescribesthemethodofusingthemicrobesinthepreviousstudies?A．Impractical. B．Pioneering C．Reliable. D．Invaluable.34．Whyisthenewstudymentionedinparagraph4?A．Toprovethemicrobeshaveanobvioustastepreference.B．Toshowthefindingopensdoorstoamoreefficientsystem.C．Toclarifyhowtheprocessofbreakingdownplasticsworks.D．Toexplainwhybio-recyclingisbetterthanconventionalrecycling.35．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“headstart”inparagraph5mean?A．Reward. B．Criterion. C．Protection. D．Advantage.【答案】32．A33．A34．B35．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在瑞士阿爾卑斯山和北極的高處，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以消化塑料的微生物——重要的是，不需要額外的加熱。他們的研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《微生物學(xué)前沿》雜志上，有朝一日可能會改善塑料回收。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tomakemattersworse,themostcommonrecyclingoption—whenplasticiswashed,processedandturnedintonewproducts—doesn’tactuallyreducewaste:Therecycledmaterialsareoftenoflowerqualityandmightlaterendupinalandfillallthesame.(更糟糕的是，最常見的回收選擇——將塑料清洗、加工并變成新產(chǎn)品——實際上并沒有減少浪費(fèi)：回收的材料通常質(zhì)量較低，最終可能還是會被扔進(jìn)垃圾填埋場)”可知，傳統(tǒng)的回收沒有達(dá)到人們的期望。故選A。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“So,researchersarelookingforsolutionstotheplasticsproblemthatgobeyondconventionalrecycling—andoneprocessthey’veexperimentedwithisbreakingdownplasticsusingmicrobes.Buttheknownplastic-digestingmicrobescanonlydosoatwarmtemperaturesabove85degreesFahrenheit.Whendoneatanindustrialscale,theamountofenergyneededtogeneratethatmuchheatmakestheprocessgiveoffmorecarbon—andcostmoremoney.(因此，研究人員正在尋找超越傳統(tǒng)回收的塑料問題的解決方案，他們已經(jīng)試驗了一種方法，即用微生物分解塑料。但已知的塑料消化微生物只能在85華氏度以上的溫暖溫度下進(jìn)行。當(dāng)在工業(yè)規(guī)模上進(jìn)行時，產(chǎn)生這么多熱量所需的能量會使該過程釋放更多的碳，并花費(fèi)更多的錢)”可推知，之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切實際的。故選A。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“ButthemicrobesfoundintheArcticandSwissAlpscanfunctionatcoolertemperatures:Theywereabletobreakdownbiodegradable(可生物降解的)plasticsat59degreesFahrenheit.Inthenewstudy,co-authorJoelRüthiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatofthetotal34typesofmicrobesexamined,19weresuccessfullyabletobreakdownaformofplasticcalledpolyester-polyurethane,and17couldbreakdowntwotypesofbiodegradableplasticmixtures.(但在北極和瑞士阿爾卑斯山發(fā)現(xiàn)的微生物可以在更低的溫度下工作：它們能夠在59華氏度的溫度下分解可生物降解的塑料。在這項新研究中，合著者JoelRüthi和他的同事們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在總共34種被檢測的微生物中，19種能夠成功地分解一種叫做聚酯聚氨酯的塑料，17種可以分解兩種可生物降解的塑料混合物)”可知，新發(fā)現(xiàn)檢測到微生物可以分解更多的塑料，結(jié)合第三段提到之前研究中使用微生物的方法是不切實際的，可推知，第4段提到了這項新研究是為了表明這一發(fā)現(xiàn)為更有效的系統(tǒng)打開了大門。故選B。35．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Ifwemoveawayfromtheconventionalnon-biodegradablematerials,“andwestarttousemoreofthesebiodegradableplastics,thenit’sgoodthatweknowhowtodegradethemmorequicklysothey’relessofanenvironmentalproblem,”heconcluded.(如果我們不再使用傳統(tǒng)的不可生物降解的材料，“我們開始更多地使用這些可生物降解的塑料，那么我們知道如何更快地降解它們，從而減少環(huán)境問題，這是件好事，”他總結(jié)道)”可知，GavinLear提到如果我們不再使用傳統(tǒng)的不可生物降解的材料，我們開始更多地使用這些可生物降解的塑料，那么我們知道如何更快地降解它們，從而減少環(huán)境問題，由此說明使用天然微生物具有良好的優(yōu)勢。故劃線詞意思是“優(yōu)勢”。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whatpreventscertainindividualsfromacknowledgingtheirmistakes,regardlessofthesituation?Whydotheystruggletoapologize,evenwhenit’sclearthey’reatfault?Forthem,theactofadmittingwrongdoingandapologizingposesasignificantpsychologicalthreat.36.Peoplewhocannotapologizeoftenhavedeepfeelingsof.lowself-worth.Whentheirdelicateego(自我)cannotabsorbtheblowofadmittingtheywerewrong,37theymayplaceblameonothersandevenargueaboutbasicfactstopreventthethreatofhavingtolowerthemselvesbyofferinganapology.Unfortunately,manyofusmistakenlyinterpretthesepeople'sdefensivenessasasignofpsychologicalstrength.38.Butthisdoesn'tshowthatthey'restrong-itshowsthatthey’reweak.39.Inordertotakeresponsibilityandapologize,ourself-worthneedstobestrongenoughtoabsorbthatdiscomfort.Indeed,ifourself-worthis.higherandmorestable,wecantoleratethetemporarydiscomfortwithoutthewallsaroundouregofallingdown.Themistakeweoftenmakewhenfacedwithsomeonewho’shabituallyincapableofapologizingistobecomeangryandtrytowinourargumentwiththem.40.Inthesesituations,thebestwecandoismakeourpointsascalmlyandconvincinglyaswecanandthendisengagefromtheargumentwhenitbecomesunproductive-likewhentheydisagreewiththefacts,comeupwithsillyexcusesorturntomeanremarks.A．theirdefensemechanismskickinB．ButthesadrealityisthatwecanneverwinC．TherecanbevariousobstaclesinourwayofdoingwhatisrightD．takingresponsibilityfortheirmistakescana