高考英語一輪復習 專題限時集訓9 閱讀理解-主旨大意之概括全文主題和段落大意（含解析）-人教版高三英語試題

專題限時集訓(九)閱讀理解—主旨大意之概括全文主題和段落大意A(2019·福建省三校聯(lián)考)IarrivedatthisbeautifulSpanishislandatthestartofSeptember,fullofenthusiasmandeagertostartworkingasanEnglishteacher.Isortedallthenecessarypaperworkoutandmovedintoaflatofmyownwithinthefirstcoupleofdays.Great，orsoIthought.At4a．m.andatseveralintervalsafterthat，Iwasrudelyawokenbythecockthatlivesoppositeme.Fantastic！Inowhave5extraalarmseverymorning.Inthefollowingweeks，Ialsostartedtonoticeatrend.Thingsinmyflatstartedtobreakattherateofoneobjectperday，likethehotwaterline，bowls，cups，theshower，doorsorglassshelves.Yes，Iamclumsybutthingsjustfellapart.Ifitwasn'tbroken，itwouldeitherbedirtyormissing.Usingmywashingbasketforthefirsttimewasprettydisgusting.WhenItookoutmyclothes,theywereswiftlyfollowedbyahundredorsobugsthatwerelivinginthebottom.Asforthegenerallackofequipmentinthehouse，therewasnooven，tinopener，sharpknivesorpotatopeeler.Itturnedoutmakingaburgerfromscratchwasn'tthebestidea.Ihadasmallmicrowaveandagrill.IthoughtthegeneralunderstandingwasnevertoputmetalinamicrowavebutIwenton.Smokesoonstartedtoappear.IwasnotquitesureifitwastheburgerorthegrillbutassoonasIopenedthedoor，theelectricitycutout.Ispentthefollowing10minutesinadark，smokyroomhuntingforthepowerswitchusingthelightfrommymobilephone，whichbroketheweekafterandleftmewithoutaconnectiontotheouterworld.Luckily，I'mnowborrowingaphoneandmyluckhasreturned.Nomorethingshavebroken(probablybecausethereisnothinglefttobreak)．I'vealsorealizedthatevenifaflatlookspretty，itdoesn'tmeanitscontentswork.Iamalsolearninghowtoadapttolifewithlimited，brokenutensils(用具)．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇比ノ靼嘌赖囊粋€漂亮的小島上當英語老師，雖然擁有自己的公寓，可里面的生活用具很陳舊，給“我”的生活帶來了諸多不便，但也讓我學會了如何利用有限的生活用品生活。1．Whatproblemdidtheauthorhaveinthemorning?A．Sheoftensleptlate.B．Heralarmfailedtowork.C．Shegotsomenoisyneighbors.D．Hersleepwasdisturbedbyarooster.D[考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“At4a．m.andatseveralintervalsafterthat,Iwasrudelyawokenbythecockthatlivesoppositeme”可知，凌晨四點開始，每隔一會兒，作者就被對面公雞的打鳴聲吵醒；據(jù)此可知，作者的睡眠被公雞打鳴聲打擾了，故D項正確。]2．WhatcanweknowabouttheauthorfromParagraph2?A．Shewasaverycarefulwoman.B．Shewasquitesatisfiedwithherflat.C．Herflatwasprettyoldbutcomfortable.D．Herhouseholdarticleswereinpoorcondition.D[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，作者所住的房子的東西每天損壞一件；據(jù)此可推知，作者所使用的日常用品很破舊，故D項正確。]3．Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasmakingaburger?A．Shewasseriouslyinjured.B．Shemadeaterriblemistake.C．Shebrokeherphoneaccidentally.D．Shesufferedasuddenpowerfailure.B[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段第三、四和五句，并結(jié)合該段其他內(nèi)容可知，作者將金屬烤架放進微波爐里，啟動后發(fā)生了故障，電源被切斷；據(jù)此可推知，作者在制作漢堡時犯了個錯誤，故B項正確。]4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Remainingoptimistic.B．Howtochooseaniceflat.C．Learningtoliveinanewflat.D．Whylivingabroadisnoteasy.C[考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，文章尾段尾句是全文的主題句；結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章通過講述作者在西班牙的一個小島上當英語老師時如何使用住房內(nèi)的破舊日常用品生活的故事，說明了應當學會適應生活的道理，故C項正確。]B(2019·山西省六校測試)WorldEnvironmentDayiscelebratedannuallyonJune5thandwascreatedtoinspirepeoplearoundtheglobetotakeanactivepartinenvironmentalprotectionandlearnmoreaboutwayswecanhelptoguaranteethefutureofourplanetissafe.TheveryfirstWorldEnvironmentDaytookplacein1974，establishedbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyonthefirstdayoftheStockholmConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentthattookplacein1972.EachyeartheUnitedNationspickathemeandahostcitywhereanyonewhoisconcernedabouttheenvironmentcantalkaboutenvironmentaltopicswithothers，followedbydifferentkindsofexhibitstopromoteenvironmentalawareness.Environmentalists，academicsandscientistscometogethertobringnewideasonthetableconcerningtheenvironment.The2018WorldEnvironmentDayishostedbyIndia，andthethemeisBeatPlasticPollution.Iturgespeopletoexploreandchoosesupportablealternativeslikepaperorclothbagstoreducetheproductionanduseofdisposableplastic，whichmakesup10%ofallofthewaste.EventhoughtheUnitedNationspickaspecifichostcityeveryyear，peoplearoundtheworldstillcelebrateWorldEnvironmentDayintheirhometownswithparades(游行)，concerts，cleaningupandtreeplantingandallkindsofgreenactionstoworktowardshavingabeautifulplanetandbattlingpollution.WorldEnvironmentDayisnotapublicholiday，soyouwon'tbegettingthedayoffworkorschool，butifyouwanttocelebrate，whynotbringittotheattentionofyourparents，friends，colleaguesorclassmates？WorldEnvironmentDayisallaboutworkingtogethertotakeactionfortheplanet，sotrytogeteveryoneyouknowinterestedinhelpingdosomething.Thingsassmallasmakingsurepeoplehaveawaytorecyclecanmakeadifference.Youcouldalsotrybeautifyingyourneighborhoodbyplantinggardens，learnaboutgreenfoods，raisemoneyforalocalwildlifeconservationgroupofsimplylearnabouttheeffectsofdifferentproductsontheearth.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界環(huán)境日的由來和情況，呼吁全員行動起來幫助保護地球。5．WhyisWorldEnvironmentDaysetup?A．Tomakepeopleknowmoreaboutnature.B．Toaskpeopletohelptoprotecttheglobe.C．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofairpollution.D．Toencouragepeopletoplantheearth'sfuture.B[考查細節(jié)理解。從第一段中的不定式所作的目的狀語toinspire可以看出，世界環(huán)境日的目的是鼓勵人們積極參與環(huán)境保護并學會很多方法來幫助確保地球?qū)淼陌踩蔬xB。]6．WhatdopeopledoonWorldEnvironmentDay?A．Decideahostcity.B．Holdathemeparty.C．Discussenvironmentalideas.D．Showsomeplasticproducts.C[考查細節(jié)理解。從第二段中的“whereanyonewhoisconcernedabouttheenvironmentcantalkaboutenvironmentaltopicswithothers”以及第二段最后一句可以看出，人們主要是在這一天討論環(huán)境問題。]7．Whichofthefollowingwordsistheclosestinmeaningto“disposable”inParagraph3?A．High-cost. B．Poor-quality.C．Second-hand. D．Single-use.D[考查詞義猜測。從第三段中的BeatPlasticPollution可以看出，2018年的主題是“塑戰(zhàn)速決”，再結(jié)合畫線詞前面的Iturgespeopletoexploreandchoosesupportablealternativeslikepaperorclothbags和后面的whichmakesup10%ofallofthewaste可知，disposableplastic造成大量資源浪費，所以“一次性的”符合語境，故選D項。]8．What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Everybitofeffortcounts.B．Doingisbetterthansaying.C．Manyhandsmakelightwork.D．Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.A[考查段落大意。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，世界環(huán)境日不是公共節(jié)日，所以人們不放假。但如果你想慶祝的話，為何不讓你周圍的人關(guān)注它呢？所以最后一段主要是講每個人都可以從身邊小事做起，行動起來保護地球，每個人的微小努力都很重要，故選A項。]C(2019·武漢市部分學校調(diào)研測試)ThepolicerecentlycaughtthesuspectedGoldenStateKillerusingatooltheycouldonlyhavedreamedofdecadesago，whenashockingseriesofmurdersshookCalifornia：adatabasefilledwithpeople'sgeneticdata(基因數(shù)據(jù))．Thepoliceusedanopen-sourcedatabasecalledGEDmatchtofindrelativeswhomatchedgeneticmaterialtakenfromatoldcrimescene，thenworkedbackwardtoidentifyandcatchthe72-year-oldformerpoliceofficerJosephJamesDeAngelo.GEDmatch's950，000usersvoluntarilyuploadandsharetheirgeneticinformation，makingitaccessibletootherswhosharetheirowndata—includinglawenforcementagencies(執(zhí)法機關(guān))．Morethanadozenothersimilarplatformsalsoexist.“Ifyourrelativeshavecontributedandyouarepartofevenafamilytreethatappearsonlineinoneofthesesharedresources，youcanbeindirectlytrackedthroughthecombinationoftheirDNAandthepubliclyavailablefamilyhistory，”saysDrRobertGreen，amedicalgeneticistatHarvardMedicalSchool.Datesenttocommercialcompanieslike23andMe，whichhasover5millioncustomers，ismuchtougherforoutsiderstoaccess，butthecasehasstillhighlightedtheissueofgeneticprivacy.Althoughmanygenetic-testingcompanieshavebeenaskedtocooperatewithlegalinvestigations，andclearlywarncustomersofthispossibility，notallrequestsarehonored.“23andMehasnevergivencustomerinformationtolawenforcementofficials，”acompanyrepresentativetoldTime.Therisksofkeepingsuchsensitivedateprivatearehigh.Thepotentialforabuseexists；forexample，insurancecompaniescouldtheoreticallyusegeneticdatetorefusecoverage(保險范圍)，Greensays.Butthesystemsinplacetopreventmisuseappeartobeworking.OneistheGeneticInformationNondiscriminationActof2008，alawthatprotectsconsumersfromemploymentandinsurancediscriminationrelatedtogenetics.Aslongasthat'sthecase，Greensays，thegoodofgenetictestsoutweighsthebad.SharonZehe，alawyerforthedepartmentoflaboratorymedicineandpathologyattheMayoClinic，takesamorecautiousapproach.“Familytreeservicescanbefun，butmakesureyouareusingareputableorganizationthathasstrongprivacypoliciesinplace，”shesays.“Geneticdataisbiologicallyasimportantasafingerprint.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。警方利用遺傳基因數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)識別并逮捕了“金州殺手”嫌疑人。合法使用基因數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)可以幫助警方破案，但是基因數(shù)據(jù)庫的保密風險很高，一旦泄露將對個人隱私造成嚴重的危害。9．WhoistheGoldenStateKille