備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（新高考Ⅰ卷專用）（解析版）

備戰(zhàn)2024年高考英語模擬卷（新高考I卷專用）黃金卷01（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷滿分：140分）注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．WhendoesthemanwanttoarriveinWashington?A．By9:00am. B．By8:30am. C．By7:30am.【答案】C【原文】W:WehaveaflightthatwillgetyoutoWashingtonat9:00am.IsthatOK?M:Doyouhaveanythingearlier?Ihaveanappointmentat8:30.I’vegottobethereatleastanhouraheadoftime.2．Wherearethespeakersprobablygoingtoeatlunch?A．Athome. B．Atacafé. C．Atapark.【答案】C【原文】W:I’vebroughtourlunch.Wecaneatatthepark.M:That’smuchmorefunthaneatingatthecafé.3．Whoistheman?A．Ahairdresser. B．Atailor. C．Asalesman.【答案】A【原文】M:Wouldyoulikeitshortorlongattheback?W:Quiteshort.M:And…uh…doesn’titbotheryouhavingsomuchgreyhairatyourage?W:No,Ilikeit.4．Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A．Apart-timejob. B．Housecleaning. C．Thewoman’sfather.【答案】A【原文】M:Iknowyouareworkingatyourdad’sgasstationeverydayafterschool,butwhatdoyouactuallydothere?W:Ifillpeople’scarswithgas.Iwashtheirwindows,too.5．Howdidthemangetthenews?A．Theteachertoldhim.B．Hegotthenewsfromanemail.C．Hewasinformedbythewoman.【答案】B【原文】W:Youlooksoexcited.Whatisthegoodnews?M:IwasinformedthatIwasadmittedtomydreamuniversity.W:Congratulationstoyou.Bytheway,whotoldyouthegoodnews?M:Thestaffintheuniversitysentmeanemail.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6．Whatistheman?A．Adoctor. B．Asalesman. C．Achemist.7．Whatissaidaboutthemedicine?A．Ithassideeffects. B．Itmaycausediscomfort. C．Itshouldbetakenbeforemeals.【答案】6．C7．B【原文】M:Hello,mayIhelpyou?W:Yes.MydoctorsaidIshouldtakethismedicine.Canyoufilltheprescription（處方）?M:Oh,yes.Noproblem.W:Doesthismedicinehaveanysideeffects?M:Nosideeffects.Yourdoctorstatestosimplytakeitbeforeyougotosleep.However,ifyoufeelbadinthemorning,callyourdoctorrightaway,andfinallydon’tdrinkanyalcoholwhileyou’retakingthismedicine.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8．Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutmathnow?A．Interested. B．Anxious. C．Unconcerned.9．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Asubject. B．Astudent. C．Ateacher.【答案】8．A9．C【原文】M:Whoisthecreativepersonthatyouadmire?W:Well,Mr.Brown.Heisanextremelycreativemathteacher.M:Sowhydoyouadmirehim?W:IusedtohatemathsomuchbeforeIhadMr.Brown’slessons.NowIfindmathquiteattractive.M:That’sgreat.Doesanyoneyouknowadmirehim?W:Certainly.Allmyclassmatesjustloveandrespecthimforhiscreativeteaching.M:Doyouthinkcreativitycanbelearnedandpracticed?W:Definitely.Creativity,likeanyotherqualities,canbetrained.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10．Wherearethespeakers?A．Atagrocerystore. B．Atafoodmarket. C．Atadepartmentstore.11．Whyisthemembershipcardrecommended?A．Thecardisfreeofcharge.B．Memberscanenjoyadiscount.C．Promotionupdateswillbeoffered.12．Howmuchisleftonthewoman’sgiftcard?A．￡34.48. B．￡7.30. C．￡27.18.【答案】10．C11．C12．B【原文】M:WouldyouliketheT-shirtandjeansgift-wrapped?W:Oh,yes,thatwouldbeperfect.M:Suretherego.Doyouhaveamembershipcard?W:No,Idon’t.Actually,Iamnotaregularhere.M:Wouldyouliketosignupforit?You’llbeinformedofanyupcomingpromotionsonallofourproducts.W:No,thankyou.Idon’toftenshophere.M:OK,that’sfine,sothatwillbe￡34.48intotalthen,please.W:Well,IalsohaveagiftcardI’dliketouse,please.I’mnotsurehowmuchisleftonthere,though.M:Okay,letmecheckthatforyou.You’vegot￡7.30lefttospendonthis.W:Great!I’dliketousethatthen.M:Ofcourse,sothatwillbe￡27.18lefttopaythenplease.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13．Whenisthewomansupposedtohandinheressay?A．BythisSaturday. B．BynextMonday. C．BynextFriday.14．Whyisthewomanbehindwithherwritingclass?A．Shewasillforaweek.B．Thecourseistoodifficult.C．Shewasbusywithaliveperformance.15．Whatdoesthemanthinkofhiscollegelife?A．Busy. B．Colorful. C．Boring.16．Whatdoesthewomanwanttodoonthe28th?A．Seeanexhibition. B．Attendaparty. C．Watchaplay.【答案】13．C14．A15．B16．B【原文】M:Itseemsthatyouareverybusythesedays.W:Youcan’timaginewhatIhavetofinish.Theliteraturecourseissodifficult.IhavetoreadtwonovelsbynextMondayandhandina3,000-wordessaybynextFriday.M:Soyoudon’twanttocometoanexhibitionwithmethisSaturday?W:I’dloveto,butI’malreadybehindwithmywritingclassbecauseIhadacoldforaweekandmissedafewlessons.Youseemtohaveloadsoffreetime.M:Well,wejustdon’thaveasmuchacademicworkasyou.Mycollegelifeiscolorfulcomparedwithyours.Therearevariousliveperformancesasanartmajor.W:Yes,I’mboredwiththelifeofreadingandwritingeveryday.M:Whydon’twestoptalking?Justworknow.Ifyouhavefinishedeverythingbythe16th,wecouldgotothatnewplay.W:Okay.I’lltry.Idon’twanttomissthestudentpartyonthe28th.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17．Whodoesthespeakerprobablyspeakto?A．Students. B．Teachers. C．Parents.18．Whatkindofbagsdoesthespeakersuggestusing?A．Paperbags. B．Plasticbags. C．Reusablebags.19．Whatisthespeaker’ssecondsuggestion?A．Unpluggingthedevices.B．Usingenergy-savingdevices.C．Standingbesidethedevices.20．Whydoesthespeakermakethespeech?A．Tocallforpeopletotakeaction.B．Tocorrectsomewrongideas.C．Todiscussdifferenthabitsinlife.【答案】17．A18．C19．A20．B【原文】Goodmorning,class.We’reallawarethatweshouldtakeactiontoprotecttheenvironment,suchassavingwater,reducingpollutionandplantingmoretrees.Therearesome“greentruths”.Aretheyalltrue?Let’ssee.Firstly,papershoppingbagsarebetterthanplasticones.Isittrue?Actually,makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticoneandproducesmoregreenhousegases.Soareusablebagisthebestchoice.Secondly,whenyouturnoffadevice,itstopsusingpower.Really?Ifyouturnoffthetelevisionorairconditioner,itgoesintothestandbymode.Devicesinthismodestillusepower.Sotomakesureyourapplianceisinfactoff,youshouldremovetheplugfromitspowersupply.Thirdly,it’sbettertotakeashowerthanabath.Trueornot?Infactitdependsonhowlongyouspendintheshowerandhowlargeyourbathis.Ifyouspendmorethan8minutesinashower,you’lluseasmuchaswaterinabath—about50litersofwater.Sothekeyistokeepyourshowertimesasshortaspossible.Ihopeallofyoucanpayattentiontothethingsmentionedaboveinyourdailylife.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2023秋·浙江紹興·高三校考階段練習(xí)）WhileattractionsliketheShardandtheLondonEyeofferexcellentperspectives,they’realwaysbusyandticketpricesaresteep.Butwithalittleinsiderknowledge,youcansaveyourpoundsandbagyourskylinephotoswithoutthecrowdsthroughaccessingthefollowingviewpoints.ParliamentHillLondonismostlyflat,butifyouknowwheretolookthereareafewhillsthatprovidenatural(andfree)highpointsofferingcityviewswithasideorderoffreshair.OneofthemostcentralisParliamentHillonHampsteadHeath——at98m,oneofLondon’shighestnaturalviewpoints.Fromhere,onaclearday,youcansitontheparkbenchthatfeaturedinmovieslikeRunFatboyRunandNotesonaScandal.Entryfee:freeTheGardenMuseumTowerIfyouexitleftoutofWestminsterstation,battleyourwayoverthebridgeandthenturnright,pasttheviewofBigBenandwalkalongthesouthsideoftheThames,you’llcometoamedieval(中世紀(jì)的)church.WhileyoumightbeinterestedinBritishgardendesign,it’sthe14th-Centurytowerthat’sthemainattractionforphotographers.Climbthe131stepsofthenarrowspiralstaircaseandyou’llemergeontooneofthefinestriversideviewpointsinthecity——withviewsacrosstothePalaceofWestminsterontheright.Entryfee:Adultf16,orToweronly4TheIFSCloudCableCarIfyouwanttosoaroverLondoninaglasspod,theobviousplacetogoistheLondonEye.Butacheaperandcrowd-freealternativeistoridetheIFSCloudCableCar.Theviewsareimpressiveatanytime,buttheCableCarstaysopenlate,soyoucanevenenjoymagnificentsunsetsfromthewest——facingsideoradmirethetwinklingcitylightsafterdark.Entryfee:E6one-waySeabird,SouthwarkLondonhasnoshortageofrooftopvenues(場所)offeringknockoutcityscapeviews,soitcanbehardtopickjustoneortwo.Butforlocation,anglesandagreatexperience,itdoesn’tgetmuchbetterthanSeabird,onthe14thflooroftheHoxtonhotelinSouthwarkwithnothingtoblockviewsonthreesides.Entryfee:Buyadrink:draughtbeercosts?6.50orsmallglassofwineis?9;aportionofolivescosts?5.21．Wherecanyougoifyouwanttophotographthe14th-Centurytower?A．TheLondonEye.B．ThesouthsideoftheThames.C．Therooftopvenues.D．AplacenearStPaul’sCathedral.22．Inwhichviewpointcanyoujustbuyadrinkandenjoyfreecityviews?A．ParliamentHill.B．TheGardenMuseumTower.C．TheIFSCloudCableCar.D．Seabird,Southwark.23．Whatdothe4viewpointshaveincommon?A．Theyarefree.B．Theyarewell-known.C．Theyarenotcrowded.D．Theyarenotcheap.【答案】21．B22．D23．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾處省錢又不擁擠的景點(diǎn)。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheGardenMuseumTower”部分的句子“IfyouexitleftoutofWestminsterstation,battleyourwayoverthebridgeandthenturnright,pasttheviewofBigBenandwalkalongthesouthsideoftheThames,you’llcometoamedieval(中世紀(jì)的)church.WhileyoumightbeinterestedinBritishgardendesign,it’sthe14th-Centurytowerthat’sthemainattractionforphotographers.”（如果你從西敏寺車站左出口，過了橋，然后右轉(zhuǎn)，經(jīng)過大本鐘，沿著泰晤士河南岸走，你就會(huì)來到一座中世紀(jì)的教堂。雖然你可能對英國花園設(shè)計(jì)感興趣，但對攝影師來說，這座14世紀(jì)的塔樓才是最吸引人的地方）可知，從泰晤士河南岸，可以拍攝這座14世紀(jì)的塔樓。故選B項(xiàng)。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Seabird,Southwark”部分的句子“Entryfee:Buyadrink:draughtbeercosts?6.50orsmallglassofwineis?9;aportionofolivescosts?5.”（入場費(fèi)：購買飲料：生啤酒6.5英鎊，小杯葡萄酒9英鎊；一份橄欖售價(jià)5英鎊）可知，進(jìn)入Seabird,Southwark的入場費(fèi)是買一杯飲料。故選D項(xiàng)。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的句子“Butwithalittleinsiderknowledge,youcansaveyourpoundsandbagyourskylinephotoswithoutthecrowdsthroughaccessingthefollowingviewpoints.”（但只要掌握一些內(nèi)幕知識(shí)，你就可以在以下沒有人群的景點(diǎn)拍足夠多的照片）可知，這幾處景點(diǎn)的共同之處在于它們都不擁擠。故選C項(xiàng)。B（2023秋·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高三校聯(lián)考期末）Technologyhasundoubtedlyopeneduptheworldforme.Literally,inthecaseofmyfullyaccessiblehome.Mywindowsareautomatic,andmyfrontdoorisautomatictoo.Therearealsomywheelchairs.Iguessthatanywheelchairuserwillsaythebestinventionisthatofthewheel.It’satoolbringingindependenceandcomfort.Lastweek,Itookawell-deservedbreakfromworkandwentonastaycationinmylocalarea.Onthefirstday,IwasheadingfurtheroutinmypowerwheelchairthanI’veeverbeenonmyown.ThischairisalmostlikeaTransformer.Ilikethespeed,thephonechargerandtheflexiblefeature.It’sawonderfulcreation.However,whiletherearemanybenefitsthatcomewithtechnology,Istillliveinadisablingworld.Forexample,outinmypowerwheelchairthatday,feelingfreeandeasy,Iheadedstraighttotheshopnotfaraway.Ideservetofeelheardandincludedwheninnovationisconcerned.ButwhenIgotthere,Iwasconfrontedbyself-servicecheckouts.Whiletheyaredesignedforeasyandquickservice,formeandmanyotherdisabledpeople,thelackofface-to-faceservicescanputusatadisadvantage.Notonlyarethecheckoutsfartoohigh,theyareawkwardlydesignedsothatyoucannotapproachthemwithawheelchair.So,Iwaitedforsomeonetoassistme.Injustamatterofafewhours,Ihadseenhowtechnologyandaccessibilityadvancementshaveempoweredmethen,inthenextbreath,disabledme.Istillliveinadisablingworldwithsub-standardaccessibility.Therefore,disabledpeoplebyandlargearemorelikelytorelyonmechanicalandtechnologicaldevicessuchasliftsandcommunicationaids.Unfortunately,thesethingsaresometimesabusedandmistreated,makingthepersonrelyingonthemdependentonothers.24．Howdoestheauthorthinkoftechnologyaccordingtoparagraphs1and2?A．Hecastssomedoubtsonit.B．Heshowsmuchgratitudeforit.C．Heexpressescuriosityaboutit.D．Hefeelsreallycarefreewithit.25．Whathappenedtotheauthorintheshop?A．Hecameacrossmanyotherdisabledpeoplebychance.B．Hewaitedquiteafewhoursinordertocheckout.C．Hewasunabletoseekassistancefromothers.D．Hecouldn’tusetheself-servicecheckoutbyhimself.26．Whydoestheauthorsayhestilllivesinadisablingworld?A．Hethinksitisnoteasytomakehisvoiceheard.B．Someshopsareinaccessibletowheelchairusers.C．Hefindsitreallyhardtofitinwithnon-disabledpeople.D．Thingsrelatedtotechnologyaresometimesoutofservice.27．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．MydifferentviewsconcerningdisabilityB．HowImakefulladvantageoftechnologyC．Mylove-haterelationshipwithtechnologyD．HowIliveindependentlyasadisabledman【答案】24．B25．D26．D27．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要介紹了科技給殘疾人帶來了便利，但人們對機(jī)械和科技設(shè)備的使用和保護(hù)不當(dāng)也為殘疾人的生活帶來很多不便。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Technologyhasundoubtedlyopeneduptheworldforme.”（科技無疑為我打開了世界。）和第二段關(guān)鍵句“ThischairisalmostlikeaTransformer.Ilikethespeed,thephonechargerandtheflexiblefeature.It’sawonderfulcreation.”（這把椅子幾乎像個(gè)變形金剛。我喜歡速度、手機(jī)充電器和靈活的功能。這是一個(gè)奇妙的創(chuàng)造。）可知，作者認(rèn)為科技為自己打開了世界，身為一個(gè)殘疾人，作者利用科技創(chuàng)造的輪椅獲得了很多便利，由此可知，根據(jù)第1段和第2段內(nèi)容可知，作者對技術(shù)深表感激。故選B項(xiàng)。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Notonlyarethecheckoutsfartoohigh,theyareawkwardlydesignedsothatyoucannotapproachthemwithawheelchair.So,Iwaitedforsomeonetoassistme.”（不僅結(jié)賬臺(tái)太高，而且設(shè)計(jì)得沒有技巧，以至于你不能用輪椅接近它們。所以，我等著有人來幫助我。）可知，作者在自助結(jié)賬時(shí)，由于結(jié)賬臺(tái)太高，他不能用輪椅接近他們，以至于作者不得不等著有人來幫助自己，由此可知，作者在商店里不能自己使用自助結(jié)賬。故選D項(xiàng)。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“Istillliveinadisablingworldwithsub-standardaccessibility.Therefore,disabledpeoplebyandlargearemorelikelytorelyonmechanicalandtechnologicaldevicessuchasliftsandcommunicationaids.Unfortunately,thesethingsaresometimesabusedandmistreated,makingthepersonrelyingonthemdependentonothers.”（我仍然生活在一個(gè)殘疾的世界，沒有達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此，殘疾人總的來說更可能依賴機(jī)械和技術(shù)設(shè)備，如電梯和通信輔助設(shè)備。不幸的是，這些東西有時(shí)被濫用和虐待，使依賴它們的人依賴于其他人。）可知，因?yàn)闄C(jī)械和科技設(shè)備有時(shí)會(huì)被亂用或被人為破壞，導(dǎo)致這些設(shè)備無法正常使用，在這種情況下，作者還得求助別人，所以作者說自己還生活在一個(gè)殘疾的世界中，由此可知，作者說他仍然生活在一個(gè)殘疾的世界，因?yàn)榕c技術(shù)相關(guān)的東西有時(shí)無法使用。故選D項(xiàng)。27．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段關(guān)鍵句“Technologyhasundoubtedlyopeneduptheworldforme.”（科技無疑為我打開了世界。）和最后一段關(guān)鍵句“Unfortunately,thesethingsaresometimesabusedandmistreated,makingthepersonrelyingonthemdependentonothers.”（不幸的是，這些東西有時(shí)被濫用和虐待，使依賴它們的人依賴于其他人。）可知，作者在第一、二段中描述了科技給他的生活帶來的益處，第三段從反面說明了科技對他的生活產(chǎn)生的影響，作者在最后一段中表明，人們對機(jī)械和科技設(shè)備的使用和保護(hù)不當(dāng)也為殘疾人的生活帶來很多不便，由此可知，作者在本文中表明了他對科技愛恨交加的態(tài)度，“Mylove-haterelationshipwithtechnology”意為“我與科技愛恨交加的關(guān)系”，選項(xiàng)能夠概括文章的主要內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。C（2023·湖北襄陽·襄陽四中?？寄M預(yù)測）Cancer-fightinggenesinelephantscouldhelptackleoneofthebiggestkillersofpeople,accordingtoresearch.Despitetheirlargebodiesandlonglifespans,elephantsaremuchlesslikelytodiefromcancerthanhumans,withdeathratesoflessthan5percent.Theparadoxhaspuzzledscientistsbecausemorecellsleadtogreaterreplications(復(fù)制),whichincreasesthepossibilityofthebodyfailingtodetectdamagedDNAorafaultycellthatcanresultintumors(腫瘤).Elephantsliveforalmostaslongashumansandweighuptofivetons.However,agroupofBritishandEuropeanscientistssaytheyhavetakenabigsteptowardssolvingPeto’sparadox,namedaftertheBritishepidemiologistSirRichardPeto.Elephants,theysay,carryamuchlargermorediversegroupoftumor-fightingproteins.Thefindings,publishedlastweekinthejournalMolecularBiologyandEvolution,raisehopesthatthecancerfightinggenesinelephantscouldbethekeytotacklingcancer,whichkillsabout167,000Britonsyearly.Cellskeepdividingthroughoutanorganism’slife,eachcarryingtheriskofproducingatumor.Oneofthebody’sweaponsisagenecalledp53knownasthe“guardianofthegenome”,whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA．Itencouragesthecelltorepairitselforself-destruct,keepingthecellfromcombiningwithothersandproducingtumors.Humanshavetwoversionsofp53butelephantshave40,saidtheresearchers.Biochemicalanalysisandcomputersimulationsalsoshowedthatanelephant’sp53genesarestructurallyslightlydifferent,providingamuchlargeranti-cancertoolkit.Theresearcherssuspectthatwhilefaultycellsmightbeabletoskirttwop53versions,theycannotcombinewithothercellsaseasilyinthefaceofdozens.Thefindingswillopenthewayforresearchonhowp53genesofelephantsareactivatedandonmedicaltreatmentforhumans.28．Whathaspuzzledscientists?A．Fewelephantsendupdyingfromcancer. B．Elephantslivelongandweighenormously.C．Morecellsleadtohigherchancesoftumors. D．Alargerbodyislesslikelytodiscoverfaultycells.29．WhatcanbelearntfromParagraph4?A．HowmanyBritonsdieeachyear. B．Howtheanti-cancergeneworks.C．Howtheresearchwascarriedout. D．Whatthefindingshavebeenappliedto.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“skirt”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Strengthen. B．Detect. C．Escaped. D．Cure.31．Whichisthetextmainlyabout?A．Scientistsfindelephantslivelongerthanhumans. B．P53genesplayessentialroleinpreventingcancer.C．Elephantgenescouldbekeytofightingcancer. D．Groundbreakingtreatmentforcancerisontheway.【答案】28．A29．B30．C31．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，表明大象的抗癌基因可能是對抗癌癥的關(guān)鍵。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Despitetheirlargebodiesandlonglifespans,elephantsaremuchlesslikelytodiefromcancerthanhumans,withdeathratesoflessthan5percent.(盡管大象的身體很大，壽命也很長，但它們死于癌癥的可能性比人類小得多，死亡率不到5%。)”可知，讓科學(xué)家們感到困惑的是很少有大象最終死于癌癥。故選A項(xiàng)。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Cellskeepdividingthroughoutanorganism’slife,eachcarryingtheriskofproducingatumor.Oneofthebody’sweaponsisagenecalledp53knownasthe‘guardianofthegenome’,whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA.Itencouragesthecelltorepairitselforself-destruct,keepingthecellfromcombiningwithothersandproducingtumors.(細(xì)胞在生物體的一生中不斷分裂，每個(gè)細(xì)胞都有產(chǎn)生腫瘤的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。人體的武器之一是被稱為‘基因組守護(hù)者’的p53基因，它會(huì)搜尋有缺陷DNA的細(xì)胞。它鼓勵(lì)細(xì)胞自我修復(fù)或自我毀滅，防止細(xì)胞與其他細(xì)胞結(jié)合并產(chǎn)生腫瘤。)”可知，從本段我們可以了解到抗癌基因是如何工作的。故選B項(xiàng)。30．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Oneofthebody’sweaponsisagenecalledp53knownasthe‘guardianofthegenome’,whichhuntscellswithfaultyDNA.(人體的武器之一是被稱為‘基因組守護(hù)者’的p53基因，它會(huì)搜尋有缺陷DNA的細(xì)胞。)”和劃線詞句前文“Humanshavetwoversionsofp53butelephantshave40,saidtheresearchers.Biochemicalanalysisandcomputersimulationsalsoshowedthatanelephant’sp53genesarestructurallyslightlydifferent,providingamuchlargeranti-cancertoolkit.(研究人員說，人類有兩種p53基因，但大象有40種。生化分析和計(jì)算機(jī)模擬還表明，大象的p53基因在結(jié)構(gòu)上略有不同，這提供了一個(gè)更大的抗癌工具包。)”可知，p53基因具有抗癌作用，人類有兩種此類基因，而大象卻有40種，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句“Theresearcherssuspectthatwhilefaultycellsmightbeabletoskirttwop53versions,theycannotcombinewithothercellsaseasilyinthefaceofdozens.(研究人員懷疑，雖然有缺陷的細(xì)胞可能能夠skirt兩種p53，但面對幾十種，它們無法輕易與其他細(xì)胞結(jié)合。)”其中劃線詞匯意思是“繞過，逃避，躲避”，即有缺陷的細(xì)胞（致癌細(xì)胞）有可能躲避兩種抗癌基因，但是不容易躲避幾十種。故選C項(xiàng)。31．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第四段中“Thefindings,publishedlastweekinthejournalMolecularBiologyandEvolution,raisehopesthatthecancerfightinggenesinelephantscouldbethekeytotacklingcancer,whichkillsabout167,000Britonsyearly.(上周發(fā)表在《分子生物學(xué)與進(jìn)化》雜志上的這一發(fā)現(xiàn)，讓人們看到了希望：大象身上的抗癌基因可能是治療癌癥的關(guān)鍵。)”和最后一段“Thefindingswillopenthewayforresearchonhowp53genesofelephantsareactivatedandonmedicaltreatmentforhumans.(這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將為研究大象的p53基因如何被激活以及人類的醫(yī)學(xué)治療開辟道路。)”可知，本文主要講的是大象抗癌基因可能是對抗癌癥的關(guān)鍵。故選C項(xiàng)。D（2023秋·湖南·高三湖南師大附中?？茧A段練習(xí)）Thestreets,sidewalksandroofsofcitiesallabsorbheatduringtheday,makingsomeurbanareasacrosstheUnitedStatesupto6degreesFahrenheithotterthanruralonesduringtheday—and22degreesFhotteratnight.These“urbanheatislands”

canalsodevelopundergroundasthecityheatspreadsdownward,beneaththesurface.Andbasements,subwaytunnelsandotherundergroundinfrastructurealsoconstantlybleedheatintothesurroundingearth,creatinghotspots.Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupastheplanetwarms.AccordingtoanewstudyofdowntownChicago,undergroundhotspotsmaythreatentheverysamestructuresthatemittheheatinthefirstplace.Suchtemperaturechangesmakethegroundaroundthemexpandandcontract(收縮)enoughtocausepotentialdamage.“Withoutanyonerealizingit,thecityofChicago’sdowntownwasdeforming,”saysthestudy’sauthorAlessandroF.RottaLoria,acivilandenvironmentalengineeratNorthwesternUniversity.Thefindings,publishedinCommunicationsEngineering,exposea“silenthazard(危險(xiǎn))”tocivilinfrastructureincitieswithsofterground—especiallythosenearwater—RottaLoriasays.“Theremighthavebeenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwedidn’tevenrealize,”headds.Whilenotanimmediateordirectdangertohumanlives,thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesser-knowncomponentofclimatechange.Similartoclimatechangeabovethesurface,theseundergroundchangesoccuroverlongperiodsoftime.“Theseeffectstookdecades,acentury,todevelop,”RottaLoriasays,addingthatelevatedundergroundtemperatureswouldlikewisetakealongtimetodissipate(逐漸消失)ontheirown.Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsaythiswastedenergycouldalsoberecycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwithtechnologiestorecapturetheheat.Forexample,waterpipescouldbeinstalledtorunthroughundergroundhotspotsandpickupsomeoftheheatenergy.32．Whatcanwelearnaboutthe“urbanheatislands”?A．Theycandevelopundergroundstructures.B．Theyareimpactedbyglobalwarming.C．Theycandestroythegroundaround.D．TheyonlyexistintheUnitedStates.33．WhydoesAlessandroF.RottaLoriamention“silenthazard”inparagraph3?A．Todiscussstructuralissues.B．Tocategorizeclimatechange.C．Toexplainundergroundheat.D．Toemphasizetheneglectedreality.34．Whatwilltheauthorprobablywriteaboutintheparagraphthatfollows?A．Thefutureoftunnelsandbasements.B．Thereusingapproachesofheatenergy.C．Thecostofmaintainingstructures.D．Theevolutionofundergroundenvironment.35．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WarmingUnderground,WeakeningSurfaceB．ASilverLiningofGlobalWarmingC．UrbanSilentIslandsintheMakingD．ASilentCrisisinDowntownChicago【答案】32．B33．D34．B35．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了地下氣候變暖對城市地面建筑的負(fù)面影響的隱蔽性與長期性，以及介紹潛在的解決方案.32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句話“Nowtheundergroundheatisbuildingupastheplanetwarms.(現(xiàn)在隨著地球變暖，地下熱量正在積聚)”可知，“城市熱島”是受到全球氣候變暖的影響。故選B。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中AlessandroF.RottaLoria所說的““Theremighthavebeenstructuralissuescausedbythisundergroundclimatechangethathappened,andwedidn’tevenrealize(發(fā)生的這種地下氣候變化可能已經(jīng)造成了建筑結(jié)構(gòu)上的問題，我們甚至沒有意識(shí)到)”以及最后一句話“Whilenotanimmediateordirectdangertohumanlives,thispreviouslyunknowneffecthighlightstheimpactsofalesser-knowncomponentofclimatechange.(雖然這不是對人類生命的直接或直接威脅，但這種以前未知的影響突顯了氣候變化中一個(gè)鮮為人知的組成部分的影響)”可推知，提出“無聲的危險(xiǎn)”是想強(qiáng)調(diào)地下氣候變暖這一被人忽略的事實(shí)。故選D。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Butotherresearchersinterviewedforthisstoryallsaythiswastedenergycouldalsoberecycled,presentinganopportunitytobothcoolthesubsurfaceandsaveonenergycosts.Subwaytunnelsandbasementscouldbeupdatedwithtechnologiestorecapturetheheat.Forexample,waterpipescouldbeinstalledtorunthroughundergroundhotspotsandpickupsomeoftheheatenergy.(但接受采訪的其他研究人員都表示，這些浪費(fèi)的能源也可以回收利用，這為冷卻地下和節(jié)省能源成本提供了機(jī)會(huì)。地鐵隧道和地下室可以更新技術(shù)以重新獲取熱量。例如，可以安裝水管穿過地下熱點(diǎn)并吸收一些熱能)”可知，該段是介紹針對地下氣候變暖提出了潛在的解決方案，即可以通過更新地鐵隧道和地下室的相關(guān)技術(shù)來回收利用熱能，并舉例了可通過安裝水管這種方法來獲取熱能。由此推知，接下來應(yīng)該是介紹對這種熱能的再使用方法。故選B。35．主旨大意題。通過歸納各段大意可知，本文是介紹地下氣候變暖對城市地面建筑的負(fù)面影響的隱蔽性與長期性，以及介紹潛在的解決方案。由此可知，“地下變暖，地表變?nèi)酢边m合作本文的標(biāo)題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2023春·廣東廣州·高三廣東廣雅中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）TheValueofTearsTearscanruinmake-up,bringconversationtoastop,andgiveyouarunnynose.Tearsleaveyouembarrassedandwithoutenergy.Still,cryingisafactoflife,andyourtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcrying,theymakeafilmovertheeye’ssurface.36Whentearsfall,theyreducestress.Butwetendtofightthemforallsortsofreasons.“Peopleworryaboutshowingtheiremotions,afraidthatoncetheylosecontrolthey’llnevergetitback.”37Afterwecry,thefeelingsthatcausedthetearsoftendisappear.Sometimespeoplebecomemuchstressedandcan’tcry.Whateveremotiontheyarefeeling—shock,anger,fear,orsadness—isbeingheldback.Buteveryonehastheneedtocry.PsychologistVeraDiamondexplainsthathertreatmentoftenconsistsofgivingpeoplepermissiontocry.38Patientspracticecryingjusttobecomeusedtoexpressingemotions.Shesuggestssafe,privateplacestocry,likeunderthebedcoversorinthecar.Cryingisawayofreducingtension,butpeopledon’tlikeitwhenotherscrybecauseitmakesthemtense.39Andthey’lldojustaboutanythingtomakeyoustop.Incertainsituations,suchasatwork,tearsarenotappropriate.It’sgoodnottocryduringatensebusinessdiscussion.40Youshouldalsoactoutthewholesituationagainandbeasnoisyandangryasyoulike.Itwillhelpyoufeelbetter.“And,”sheadds,“Onceyourtearshavetakenawaythestress,youcanbegintothinkcalmlyofwaystodealwiththeproblem.”Tearsareasignofourabilitytofeel.Ifyoufindyourselfnearsomeonecrying,dealwithit.Andneverbeafraidtocryyourself.A．Theytoomaybeholdingbackaneedtocry.B．Theycryfordifferentreasons.C．Shegivescryingexercises.D．Itcontainsachemicalagainstinfection.E．Thefactisthatnoemotionlastsforever.F．Itformsinresponsetothestressonthesurfaceoftheeye.G．Butonceyou’resafelybehindcloseddoors,don’tjustcry.【答案】36．D37．E38．C39．A40．G【分析】本文屬于說明文。談?wù)撗蹨I的作用和價(jià)值。36．考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)上文Still,cryingisafactoflife,andyourtearsareveryuseful.Evenwhenyou’renotcrying,theymakeafilmovertheeye’ssurface.可知，眼淚是有用的，即使你不哭，眼淚也可以覆蓋你的眼睛表面，D項(xiàng)“它包含對抗感染的化學(xué)物質(zhì)?！狈险Z境，說明眼淚的作用。，故選D。37．考查對上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。根據(jù)本段最后一句Afterwecry,thefeelingsthatcausedthetearsoftendisappear哭過之后，導(dǎo)致哭泣的原因也就消失了，因此沒有什么