英語學(xué)習(xí)金融英語詞匯必 備

棄我去者，昨日之日不可留亂我心者，今日之日多煩憂Y養(yǎng)老基金pensionfund一刀切universalapplication;non-discretionaryimplementation一級(jí)市場primarymarket應(yīng)收未收利息overdueinterest銀行網(wǎng)點(diǎn)bankingoutlets贏利能力profitability營業(yè)稅businesstax硬貸款（商業(yè)貸款）commercialloans用地審批tograntlanduseright有管理的浮動(dòng)匯率managedfloatingexchangerate證券投資portfolioinvestment游資（熱錢）hotmoney有市場的產(chǎn)品marketableproducts有效供給effectivesupply誘發(fā)新一輪經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)張triggeranewroundofeconomicexpansion逾期貸款overdueloans;past-dueloans與國際慣例接軌tobecomecompatiblewithinternationallyaccepted與國際市場接軌tointegratewiththeworldmarket預(yù)算外支出（收入）off-budget（extra-budgetary）expenditure（revenue）預(yù)調(diào)pre-emptiveadjustment月環(huán)比onamonth-on-monthbasis;onamonthlybasisZ再貸款centralbanklending在國際金融機(jī)構(gòu)儲(chǔ)備頭寸reservepositionininternationalfinancialinstitutions在人行存款depositsat（with）thecentralbank在途資金fundinfloat增加農(nóng)業(yè)投入toincreaseinvestmentinagriculture增勢減緩decelerationofgrowth;moderationofgrowthmomentum增收節(jié)支措施revenue-enhancingandexpenditurecontrolmeasures增長平穩(wěn)steadygrowth增值稅value-addedtax（VAT）漲幅偏高h(yuǎn)igher-than-desirablegrowthrate;excessivegrowth賬外賬concealedaccounts折舊depreciation整頓retrenchment;consolidation政策工具policyinstrument政策性業(yè)務(wù)policy-relatedoperations政策性銀行policybanks政策組合policymix政府干預(yù)governmentintervention證券交易清算settlementofsecuritiestransactions證券業(yè)務(wù)占款fundingofsecuritiespurchase支付困難paymentdifficulty支付能力paymentcapacity直接調(diào)控方式向toincreasetherelianceonindirectpolicyinstruments間接調(diào)控方式轉(zhuǎn)變職能轉(zhuǎn)換transformationoffunctions職業(yè)道德professionalethics指令性措施mandatorymeasures指令性計(jì)劃mandatoryplan;administeredplan制定和實(shí)施貨幣政策toconductmonetarypolicy;toformulateandimplementmonetarypolicy滯后影響laggedeffect中介機(jī)構(gòu)intermediaries中央與地方財(cái)政delineationoffiscalresponsibilities分灶吃飯重點(diǎn)建設(shè)keyconstructionprojects;keyinvestmentproject周期谷底bottom（trough）ofbusinesscycle周轉(zhuǎn)速度velocity主辦銀行mainbank主權(quán)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)sovereignrisk注冊資本registeredcapital逐步到位tophasein;phasedimplementation逐步取消tophaseout抓大放小toseizethebigandfreethesmall（tomaintaincloseoversightonthelargestate-ownedenterprisesandsubjectsmalleronestomarketcompetition）專款專用useoffundsasear-marked轉(zhuǎn)貸on-lending轉(zhuǎn)軌經(jīng)濟(jì)transitioneconomy轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)turnaround轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)頭turningpoint準(zhǔn)財(cái)政赤字quasi-fiscaldeficit準(zhǔn)貨幣quasi-money資本不足under-capitalized資本充足率capitaladequacyratio資本利潤率returnoncapital資本賬戶可兌換capitalaccountconvertibility資不抵債insolvent;insolvency資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表balancesheet資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率liability/assetratio;ratioofliabilitiestoassets資產(chǎn)集中assetconcentration資產(chǎn)貢獻(xiàn)率assetcontributionfactor資產(chǎn)利潤率returnonassets（ROA）資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量assetquality資產(chǎn)組合assetportfolio資金成本costoffunding;costofcapital;financingcost資金到位fullyfunded（project）資金寬裕tohavesufficientfunds資金利用率fundutilizationrate資金缺口financinggap資金體外循環(huán)financialdisintermediation資金占?jí)篺undstiedup自籌投資項(xiàng)目self-financedprojects自有資金equityfund綜合國力overallnationalstrength（oftenmeasuredbyGDP）綜合效益指標(biāo)overallefficiencyindicator綜合治理comprehensiveadjustment（retrenchment）;over-haul總成交額totalcontractvalue總交易量totalamountoftransactions總成本totalcost最后貸款人lenderoflastresortW外部審計(jì)externalaudit外國直接投資foreigndirectinvestment（FDI）外匯儲(chǔ)備foreignexchangereserves外匯調(diào)劑foreignexchangeswap外匯占款theRMBcounterpartofforeignexchangereserves;theRMBequivalentofoffcialforeignexchangeholdings外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)export-orientedeconomy外債externaldebt外資企業(yè)foreign-fundedenterprises完善現(xiàn)代企業(yè)制度toimprovethemodernenterprisesystem完稅憑證taxpaymentdocumentation違法經(jīng)營illegalbusiness委托存款entrusteddeposits穩(wěn)步增長steadygrowth穩(wěn)健的銀行系統(tǒng)asoundbankingsystem穩(wěn)中求進(jìn)tomakeprogresswhileensuringstability無紙交易book-entry（orpaperless/scriptless）transaction物價(jià)監(jiān)測pricemonitoringX吸納流動(dòng)性toabsorbliquidity稀缺經(jīng)濟(jì)scarcityeconomy洗錢moneylaundering系統(tǒng)內(nèi)調(diào)度fundallocationwithinabank系統(tǒng)性金融危機(jī)systemicfinancialcrisis下崗工人laid-offemployees下游企業(yè)down-streamenterprises現(xiàn)場稽核on-siteexamination現(xiàn)金滯留（居民手中）cashheldoutsidethebankingsystem鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)townshipandvillageenterprises（TVEs）消費(fèi)物價(jià)指數(shù)consumerpriceindex（CPI）消費(fèi)稅excise（consumption）tax消滅財(cái)政赤字tobalancethebudget;toeliminatefiscaldeficit銷貨款回籠reflowofcorporatesalesincometothebankingsystem銷售平淡lacklustersales協(xié)議外資金額committedamountofforeigninvestment新經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)newsourcesofeconomicgrowth新開工項(xiàng)目newprojects;newlystartedprojects新增貸款incrementalcredit;loanincrement;creditgrowth;creditexpansion新增就業(yè)位置newjobs;newjobopportunities信貸規(guī)?？己藃eviewthecompliancewithcreditceilings信號(hào)失真distortedsignals信托投資公司trustandinvestmentcompanies信息不對(duì)稱informationasymmetry信息反饋feedback（information）信息共享系統(tǒng)informationsharingsystem信息披露informationdisclosure信用擴(kuò)張credirexpansion信用評(píng)級(jí)creditrating姓“資”還是姓“社”pertainingtosocialismorcapitalism;socialistorcaptialist行政措施administrativemeasures需求膨脹demandexpansion;excessivedemand虛偽存款window-dressingdeposits削減冗員toshedexcesslaborforce尋租rentseeking迅速反彈quickreboundS三角債chaindebts;inter-enterprisearrears善政廉政goodgovernance商業(yè)貸款commercialloans上市公司（publicly）listedcorporations設(shè)備利用capacityutilization社會(huì)保障socialsafetynet;socialsecurity（insurance）深層次矛盾deep-rootedstructuralimbalance審批金融機(jī)構(gòu)tolicensefinancialinstitutions審慎監(jiān)管prudentialsupervision生產(chǎn)能力閑置unutilizedcapacity生息資產(chǎn)interest-bearingassets實(shí)際利用外資disbursementofforeigncapital;actualinflowofforeigninvestment實(shí)際有效匯率realeffectiveexchangerate實(shí)時(shí)realtime實(shí)收資本paid-incapital實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤realizedprofit市場分割marketsegmentation市場經(jīng)濟(jì)marketeconomy市場占有率（市場份額）marketshare市場準(zhǔn)入marketaccess（指商品和勞務(wù)的進(jìn)入）；marketentry（指機(jī)構(gòu)的審批）市價(jià)總值marketcapitalization適度從緊appropriatelytight適時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)timelyadjustment收回對(duì)金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款torecallcentralbankloans（tofinancialinstitutions）稅后還貸amortization（repaymentofloans）aftertax稅收流失taxerosion稅源不足weaktaxbase私營經(jīng)濟(jì)（私人經(jīng)濟(jì)）theprivatesector私有制privateownership所有者權(quán)益owner'sequityT逃稅（請見“避稅”）taxevasion套匯（1）指合法：currencyswap;arbitrage（2）指非法：illegalpurchaseofforeignexchange剔除季節(jié)性因素seasonallyadjusted調(diào)節(jié)流動(dòng)性toinfluenceliquiditylevel貼現(xiàn)窗口discountwindow同比onyear-on-yearbasis;overthesameperiodofthepreviousyear同業(yè)拆借（放）inter-bankborrowing（lending）同業(yè)拆借市場利率（中國）CHIBOR（Chinainter-bankofferedrate）同業(yè)融通票據(jù)inter-bankfinancingbills同業(yè)往來inter-banktransactions透支overdraft退稅taxrefund（rebate）頭寸position吞吐基礎(chǔ)貨幣adjustmentofmonetarybase脫媒現(xiàn)象disintermediationQ企業(yè)辦社會(huì)enterprisesburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities企業(yè)集團(tuán)戰(zhàn)略corporategroupstrategy企業(yè)兼并重組companymergerandrestructuring企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)班子enterprisemanagement企業(yè)所得稅enterprise（corporate）incometax企業(yè)效益corporateprofitability企業(yè)資金違規(guī)流入股市irregularflowofenterprisefundsintothestockmarket欠稅taxarrears欠息overdueinterest強(qiáng)化稅收征管tostrengthentaxadministration強(qiáng)制措施enforcementaction翹尾因素carryovereffect切一刀partialapplication清理收回貸款cleanupandrecoverloans（破產(chǎn)）清算liquidation傾斜政策preferentialpolicy區(qū)別對(duì)待differentialtreatment趨勢加強(qiáng)intensifyingtrend全球化globalization權(quán)益回報(bào)率returnsonequity（ROE）缺乏后勁unsustainablemomentumR繞規(guī)模貸款tocircumventcreditceiling人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值percapitaGDP人均收入percapitaincome人民幣升值壓力upwardpressureontheRenminbi（exchangerate）認(rèn)繳資本subscribedcapital軟貸款softloans軟預(yù)算約束softbudgetconstraint軟著陸softlandingM買方市場buyer'smarket賣方市場seller'smarket賣出回購證券matchedsaleofrepo貿(mào)易差額tradebalance民間信用non-institutionalizedcredit免二減三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears明補(bǔ)explicitsubsidy明虧explicitloss名牌產(chǎn)品brandproducts母國（請見“東道國”）homecountryN內(nèi)部控制internalcontrol內(nèi)部審計(jì)internalaudit內(nèi)地與香港themainlandandHongKong內(nèi)債domesticdebt扭虧為盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone扭曲金融分配distortedallocationoffinancialresources農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品采購支出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement農(nóng)村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives（RCCs）P泡沫效應(yīng)bubbleeffect泡沫經(jīng)濟(jì)bubbleeconomy培育新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長點(diǎn)totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth片面追求發(fā)展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth平衡發(fā)展balanceddevelopment瓶頸制約bottleneck（constraints）平穩(wěn)回升steadyrecovery鋪底流動(dòng)資金initial（start-up）workingcapital普遍回升broad-basedrecovery配套改革concomitant（supporting）reforms配套人民幣資金localcurrencyfundingof…K開辦人民幣業(yè)務(wù)toengageinRMBbusiness可維持（可持續(xù)）經(jīng)濟(jì)增長sustainableeconomicgrowth可變成本variablecost可自由兌換貨幣freelyconvertiblecurrency控制現(xiàn)金投放controlcurrencyissuance扣除物價(jià)因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis庫存產(chǎn)品inventory跨國銀行業(yè)務(wù)cross-borderbanking跨年度采購cross-yearprocurement會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則accountingstandardL來料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport離岸銀行業(yè)務(wù)off-shorebanking（business）理順外貿(mào)體制torationalizeforeigntraderegime利率杠桿的調(diào)節(jié)作用theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation利潤驅(qū)動(dòng)profit-driven利息回收率interestcollectionratio聯(lián)行清算inter-banksettlement連鎖企業(yè)franchise（businesses）;chainbusinesses良性循環(huán)virtuouscycle兩極分化growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution零售物價(jià)指數(shù)retailpriceindex（RPI）流動(dòng)性比例liquidityratio流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率/流通速度velocityofliquidassets流動(dòng)資金貸款workingcapitalloans流通體制distributionsystem流通網(wǎng)絡(luò)distributionnetwork留購（租賃期滿時(shí)承租人可購買租賃物）hirepurchase壟斷行業(yè)monopolizedindustry（sector）亂集資irregular（illegal）fundraising亂收費(fèi)irregular（illegal）charges亂攤派unjustified（arbitrary）leviesJ基本建設(shè)投資investmentininfrastructure基本經(jīng)濟(jì)要素economicfundamentals基本適度broadlyappropriate基準(zhǔn)利率benchmarkinterestrate機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions機(jī)會(huì)成本opportunitycost激勵(lì)機(jī)制incentivemechanism積壓嚴(yán)重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory擠提存款runonbanks擠占挪用unwarranteddiversionof（financial）resources（fromdesignateduses）技改投資investmentintechnologicalupgrading技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)品technology-intensiveproduct計(jì)劃單列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)plannedeconomy集體經(jīng)濟(jì)thecollectivesector加大結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment加工貿(mào)易processingtrade加快態(tài)勢acceleratingtrend加強(qiáng)稅收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration加權(quán)價(jià)weightedaverageprice價(jià)格放開priceliberalization價(jià)格形成機(jī)制pricingmechanism減虧toreducelosses簡化手續(xù)tocutredtape;tosimplify（streamline）procedures交投活躍brisktrading繳存準(zhǔn)備金todepositrequiredreserves結(jié)構(gòu)扭曲structuraldistortion結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào)structuralimbalance結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化structuralimprovement（optimization）結(jié)匯、售匯saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange金融脆弱financialfragility金融動(dòng)蕩financialturbulence金融風(fēng)波financialdisturbance金融恐慌financialpanic金融危機(jī)financialcrisis金融壓抑financialrepression金融衍生物financialderivatives金融詐騙financialfraud緊縮銀根totightenmonetarypolicy緊縮政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies經(jīng)常賬戶可兌換currentaccountconvertibility經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)specialeconomiczones（SEZs）經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革economicreform經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方式的轉(zhuǎn)變changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth（frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains）經(jīng)濟(jì)增長減速economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁economicsanction經(jīng)營自主權(quán)autonomyinmanagement景氣回升recoveryinbusinessactivity境外投資overseasinvestment競爭加劇intensifyingcompetition局部性金融風(fēng)波localized（isolated）financialdisturbanceH合理預(yù)期rationalexpectation核心資本corecapital合資企業(yè)joint-ventureenterprises紅利dividend宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)營良好soundmacroeconomicperformance宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)基本狀況macroeconomicfundamentals宏觀調(diào)控macroeconomicmanagement（oradjustment）宏觀調(diào)控目標(biāo)macroeconomicobjectives（ortargets）壞賬baddebt還本付息debtservice換匯成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings匯兌在途fundsinfloat匯兌支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank匯率并軌unificationofexchangerates活期存款demanddeposits匯率失調(diào)exchangeratemisalignment混合所有制diversified（mixed）ownership貨幣政策態(tài)勢monetarypolicystance貨款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliersA安全網(wǎng)safetynet按可比口徑oncomparablebasis按輕重緩急toprioritize暗補(bǔ)implicitsubsidy暗虧hiddenlossB頒發(fā)營業(yè)執(zhí)照tolicense;tograntalicenceto辦理存款業(yè)務(wù)totakedeposits保護(hù)農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce備付金（超額準(zhǔn)備金）excessreserves本外幣并賬consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts本外幣對(duì)沖操作sterilizationoperation本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do避稅（請見“逃稅”）taxavoidance幣種搭配不當(dāng)currencymismatch幣種構(gòu)成currencycomposition變相社會(huì)集資disguisedirregular（orillegal）fundraising表外科目（業(yè)務(wù)）off-balance-sheetitems（operation）薄弱環(huán)節(jié)weaknesses;loopholes不變成本fixedcost不變價(jià)atconstantprice;inrealterms不動(dòng)產(chǎn)realestate不良貸款（資產(chǎn)）problemloans；non-performingloans（assetsC財(cái)務(wù)公司financecompanies財(cái)政赤字fiscaldeficit財(cái)政擠銀行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank（overmonetarypolicy）財(cái)政政策與貨幣政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies采取循序漸進(jìn)的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner操作彈性operationalflexibility操縱匯率tomanipulateexchangerate產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成productcomposition;productmix產(chǎn)品積壓stockpile;excessiveinventory產(chǎn)銷率currentperiodinventory;（即期庫存，不含前期庫存）sales/outputratio產(chǎn)銷銜接marketability產(chǎn)業(yè)政策industrialpolicy長期國債treasurybonds敞口頭寸openposition炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket承購包銷underwrite（securities）成套機(jī)電產(chǎn)品completesetsofequipment;completeplant（s）城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives（UCCs）城市合作銀行urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks城市商業(yè)銀行municipalcommercialbanks城鄉(xiāng)居民收入增長超過物價(jià)漲幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome持續(xù)升溫persistentoverheating重復(fù)布點(diǎn)duplicateprojects重置成本replacementcost重組計(jì)劃restructuringplan籌資渠道fundingsources;financingchannels初見成效initialsuccess出口統(tǒng)一管理、歸口經(jīng)營canalizationofexports出口退稅exporttaxrebate儲(chǔ)蓄存款householddeposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）儲(chǔ)蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits儲(chǔ)源萎縮declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制transmissionmechanism從價(jià)稅advaloremtax從緊控制tightcontrol存貸款比例loan/depositratio存款保險(xiǎn)體系depositinsurancesystem存款貨幣銀行depositmoneybanks存款準(zhǔn)備金requiredreservesD打白條issueIOU大額存單certificateofdeposit（CD）大額提現(xiàn)withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts大面積滑坡wide-spreaddecline大一統(tǒng)的銀行體制（all-in-one）mono-banksystem呆賬（請見“壞賬”）badloans呆賬準(zhǔn)備金loanlossreserves（provisions）呆滯貸款idleloans貸款沉淀non-performingloans貸款分類loanclassification貸款限額管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling貸款約束機(jī)制creditdisciplinary（constraint）mechanism代理國庫toactasfiscalagent代理金融機(jī)構(gòu)貸款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions戴帽貸款ear-markedloans倒逼機(jī)制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn)moralhazard地區(qū)差別regionaldisparity第一產(chǎn)業(yè)theprimaryindustry第二產(chǎn)業(yè)thesecondaryindustry第三產(chǎn)業(yè)theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry遞延資產(chǎn)deferrableassets訂貨不足insufficientorders定期存款timedeposits定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources東道國（請見“母國”）hostcountry獨(dú)立核算independentaccounting短期國債treasurybills對(duì)沖操作sterilizationoperation;hedging對(duì)非金融部門債權(quán)claimsonnon-financialsector多種所有制形式diversifiedownershipE惡性通貨膨脹hyperinflation二級(jí)市場secondarymarketF發(fā)行貨幣toissuecurrency發(fā)行總股本totalstockissue法定準(zhǔn)備金requiredreserves;reserverequirement法人股institutionalshares法人股東institutionalshareholders法治ruleoflaw房地產(chǎn)投資realestateinvestment放松銀根toeasemonetarypolicy非現(xiàn)場稽核off-sitesurveillance（ormonitoring）非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu)non-bankfinancialinstitutions非贏利性機(jī)構(gòu)non-profitorganizations分稅制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem分業(yè)經(jīng)營segregationoffinancialbusiness（services）;divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions風(fēng)險(xiǎn)暴露（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)敞口）riskexposure風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理riskmanagement風(fēng)險(xiǎn)意識(shí)riskawareness風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)risk-basedcapitalstandard服務(wù)事業(yè)收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges扶貧povertyalleviation負(fù)增長negativegrowth復(fù)式預(yù)算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccountG改革試點(diǎn)reformexperimentation杠桿率leverageratio杠桿收購leveragedbuyout高息集資toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest個(gè)人股non-institutionalshares根本扭轉(zhuǎn)fundamentalturnaround（orreversal）公開市場操作openmarketoperations公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts公用事業(yè)publicutilities公有經(jīng)濟(jì)thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector公有制publicownership工業(yè)成本利潤率profit-to-costratio工業(yè)增加值industrialvalueadded供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply鼓勵(lì)措施incentives股份合作企業(yè)joint-equitycooperativeenterprises股份制企業(yè)joint-equityenterprises股份制銀行joint-equitybanks固定資產(chǎn)貸款fixedassetloans關(guān)稅減免tariffreductionandexemption關(guān)稅減讓tariffconcessions關(guān)稅優(yōu)惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment規(guī)范行為toregularize（orstandardize）…behavior規(guī)模效益economiesofscale國計(jì)民生nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood國家對(duì)個(gè)人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals國家風(fēng)險(xiǎn)countryrisk國際分工internationaldivisionoflabor國際收支balanceofpayments國有獨(dú)資商業(yè)銀行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks國有經(jīng)濟(jì)（部門）thestate-owned（orpublic）sector國有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprises（SOEs）國有制state-ownership國有資產(chǎn)流失erosionofstateassets國債回購governmentsecuritiesrepurchase國債一級(jí)自營商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities過度競爭excessivecompetition過度膨脹excessiveexpansion過熱跡象signsofoverheatingacquiringcompany收購公司badloan呆帳chartofcashflow現(xiàn)金流量表clearly-establishedownership產(chǎn)權(quán)清晰debt