砂輪磨削 基本術(shù)語

1砂輪磨削基本術(shù)語MOD）GB/T19660—2005工業(yè)ISO3002-2:1982切削和磨削的基本參量第2部分：刀——m與工作臺或工件支撐物、砂輪支撐物有關(guān)——'（字碼右上角的撇號）表示與單位有效砂輪寬僅在圓柱面磨削（6.1.2）的情況下，才使工件作相對于工作臺的連續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)動。除此情況外，非主運(yùn)2在磨削情況下，這些平面與磨削基點(diǎn)（4.7）有關(guān)，并考慮主進(jìn)給運(yùn)動（5.2.13.5機(jī)床軸系規(guī)定machineaxisconvention機(jī)床軸系的方向應(yīng)與GB/T19660的基本原則一致。有些情況下，需要作進(jìn)一步4砂輪和工件特征尺寸4,1砂輪直徑和工件直徑grindingwheeldiameterandworkpiecediamds4.2砂輪周長和工件周長peripherallengthofgrindingwheelandperipherallengthofworkpieceπds,πdw4.3平行于砂輪軸線測定的砂輪寬度widthofthegrindingwheelmeasuredparalleltothewheelaxisbs（見圖1）4,4砂輪表面4.4.1幾何砂輪表面geometricgrindingwheelsu4.4.2有效砂輪表面activegrindingwheelsurfa4.4.3幾何磨削接觸面geometricgrindingcontactsurface4.4.4運(yùn)動磨削接觸面kinematicgrindingcontactsu確定或計(jì)算時，忽略砂輪、工件的變形和表面粗糙度，以及砂輪磨損，但計(jì)入切向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動。34.4.5實(shí)際磨削接觸面realgrindingcon4.5砂輪輪廓線4.5.1幾何砂輪輪廓線geometricgrindingwheel4.5.2有效砂輪輪廓線activegrindingwhe4.5.3實(shí)際砂輪輪廓線realgrindin對于無法直接應(yīng)用此定義的情況，應(yīng)明確說明用于確定實(shí)際砂輪輪廓的方4.6有效砂輪輪廓線尺寸4.6.1有效砂輪輪廓線長度activegrindingwheelprofil在某些情況下，例如在用成形砂輪切入磨削（6.4.4）中，可能有多條有效砂輪輪廓線。在這種情4.6.2有效砂輪寬度activegrindingwheebD4.7磨削基點(diǎn)grindingprincipaD在有效砂輪輪廓線上用于設(shè)置參考系以確定推薦按如下原則選定磨削基點(diǎn)：磨削基點(diǎn)位于通過砂輪回轉(zhuǎn)軸線并垂直于主進(jìn)給方向（5.2.1）的平面上，且磨削基點(diǎn)處在將有效砂輪輪廓線等分的位置4.8周邊磨削中磨削弧4.8.1幾何磨削弧geometricgrindin4.8.24運(yùn)動磨削弧kinematicgri4.8.34.9.1幾何接觸長度geometriccontactle為實(shí)用目的，假定fr相對于ds和dw較小，且v4.9.2運(yùn)動磨削長度kinematicgrind4.9.34.10當(dāng)量砂輪半徑equivalentreq一個假想的砂輪半徑。當(dāng)切入平形工件時，它的接觸長度與以5運(yùn)動和速度5所有的運(yùn)動和速度（見圖2～圖7，表1都被認(rèn)為是有效砂輪輪廓線上選定5.1主運(yùn)動和有關(guān)的參量primarymotionandrelavc砂輪圓周速度grindingwheelperipheralsp砂輪轉(zhuǎn)速grindingwheelrotationalfrequns5.2進(jìn)給運(yùn)動及有關(guān)參量feedmotionandrelatedquantitiesGB/T12204—2010，2.6.2中給出的進(jìn)給進(jìn)給運(yùn)動分量可以是連續(xù)的，也可以是不連續(xù)的（每行程或每通切層4)或每轉(zhuǎn)并可以是由工件注1：為與GB/T12204—2010取得一致，可以使用6工件回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動workpiecerotationa工件圓周速度workpieceperiphervw工件圓周上選定點(diǎn)相對于工作臺的瞬時速度[推薦單位：毫米每注：在平面磨削（6.1.1）或圓柱面磨削（6.1.2）中，當(dāng)工件固定在工作臺上時，只考慮工作臺速度vm，且vw=0。工件轉(zhuǎn)速workpiecerotationalfrnw5.2.3工作臺運(yùn)動和有關(guān)參量tablemotionsandrelatedquantities工作臺直線進(jìn)給運(yùn)動（rectilineartablefeedmotions）是相對于砂輪方位的取向：軸向、徑向、切工作臺軸向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動axialtablefeed工作臺軸向進(jìn)給速度axialtablefeevfa工作臺軸向進(jìn)給量axialtableffa在平面磨削（6.1.1）情況下，工作臺軸向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動可以是不連續(xù)的，并在每行程的終點(diǎn)產(chǎn)生，在量（axialincrementaltablefeedperstroke）[推薦單位：毫米每行程或微米工作臺徑向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動radialtablefee工作臺徑向進(jìn)給速度radialtablefeevfr7工作臺徑向進(jìn)給量radialtablefefr在工件每轉(zhuǎn)或每行程或每通切層4）中測量的由工作臺徑向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動造成的相對于機(jī)床床身的位移在平面磨削（6.1.1）情況下，工作臺徑向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動可以是不連續(xù)的，并在將材料進(jìn)一步去除的情工作臺切向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動tangentialtablefeed工作臺切向進(jìn)給速度tangentialtablefeedvft工作臺切向進(jìn)給量tangentialtablefeedft工作臺回轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)給運(yùn)動rotarytablefeednm工作臺主進(jìn)給運(yùn)動principaltablefee米每行程或毫米每通切層或微米每行程或微米每通切增量切入進(jìn)給incrementalinfeed）工作臺進(jìn)給運(yùn)動總長度totallengthoftablefeedmotion8在特定作業(yè)期間，工作臺進(jìn)給運(yùn)動通過的總長度。這些長度與工作臺進(jìn)給運(yùn)動的方向有關(guān)。符號l工作臺進(jìn)給運(yùn)動有效長度activelengthoftablefeedmotionlfa工作臺進(jìn)給運(yùn)動空程長度idlelengthoftablefeedmotion補(bǔ)償運(yùn)動compensationmotq具有軸向進(jìn)給的平面或圓柱面磨削的重復(fù)磨削系數(shù)overlap(traverseoverlap)insurfaceorcylindricalgrindingwithaxialfU主要的方式可按下列依據(jù)區(qū)分，其順序與其重要——砂輪的有效部位；9——相對于砂輪的工件主進(jìn)給運(yùn)動的方向；——獨(dú)具的特點(diǎn)。動動成形砂輪磨削grindingwithaprofiledgrinding6.2基于砂輪有效部位的術(shù)語6.3基于砂輪與工件相對位置的術(shù)語6,4基于工作臺主進(jìn)給運(yùn)動相對于砂輪方向的術(shù)語在磨削點(diǎn)D處，工作臺主進(jìn)給運(yùn)動方向沿砂輪徑向的磨6.4.4切入磨削plungegr周邊切入磨削peripheralplunge端面切入磨削faceplungeg6.5基于在磨削基點(diǎn)“D”（4.7）處砂輪和工件速度相對方向的術(shù)語往復(fù)式磨削reciprocatinggrin切斷磨削cut-offgrinding緩進(jìn)給磨削creepfeedgr圓柱面或平面磨削的一種，在這種磨削中，砂輪軸線既不平行也不垂大進(jìn)給磨削highfeedgri延性域磨削ductileregimeg超高速磨削ultra-highspeedgri7.1砂輪吃刀量engagementofagrindingwa垂直于選定測量方向的兩個平面間的距離，這兩個平面分別通過幾何磨削接觸面上兩個使其距離7.27.3ap7,4af——徑向吃刀量radialengagementar——切向吃刀量tangentialengagementat——軸向吃刀量axialengagementaa8.1單位有效砂輪寬度上的材料磨除量materialremovalperunitactivegrindingww單位有效砂輪輪廓線長度上的材料磨除量materialremovalperunitactivegrindingwh材料磨除率materialremova單位有效砂輪寬度上的材料磨除率materialremovalrateperunitactivegrindingwwD8.2砂輪體積磨損量volumetricgrindingwhe單位有效砂輪寬度上的體積磨損量volumetricgrindingwheelwearperwidthswheelprofilelength砂輪磨損率grindingwheelwear單位有效砂輪寬度上的砂輪磨損率grindingwheelwearrateperunitactivegrindingws單位有效砂輪輪廓線上的砂輪磨損率grindingwheelwearrateperunitactivegrindingwheelsD8.3G在同一段時間內(nèi)材料磨除量與砂輪體積磨損量8.4砂輪半徑磨損量grindingwheelradials8.5砂輪軸向磨損量grindingwheelaxials在平行于砂輪回轉(zhuǎn)軸方向上測量的有效砂輪寬度的減小8.6w9力、能量和功率除GB/T12204—2010中給出的術(shù)語外，還定義了9.1單位有效砂輪寬度上的磨削力grindingforceperunitactivegrindingF'9.2單位有效砂輪輪廓線長度上的磨削力grindingforceperunitactivegrindingwheF'DF′D=9.3u注：又稱比磨削能。10.1單位有效砂輪寬度上的當(dāng)量磨削厚度equivalentgrindingthicknessperunitactwidthheq10.2wheelprofilelengthheqD?eqD=注：當(dāng)量磨削厚度可以表達(dá)為在切削速度vc下沿砂輪速度方向磨去的材料的連續(xù)帶的厚度。其體積等于在相同時間11.1一定深度范圍中的靜態(tài)磨粒統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)staticgraiNst用擬穩(wěn)方法（觸針、熱電偶、顯微鏡）測量的在砂輪圓動態(tài)磨粒統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)kinematicgrNkin有效磨粒統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)activegrainNact11.4磨粒分布（靜態(tài)、動態(tài)或有效）graindistribution(static,dyna每單位長度、面積或體積中的磨粒數(shù)，其分布分為磨粒線分布（grainlineard面分布（grainareadistribution）或磨粒體積分布（grainvolumetricdi注：在此情況下，vw＞vfa?！猲ominalvaluerealvalue—referencesystemofplanes—machineaxisconventionτdsτdwperipherallengthofgrindingwheelperipherallengthofworkpiecewidthofthegrindingwheelmeasuredparalleltothewheel—geometricgrindingwheel—activegrindingwheel——kinematicgrindingcontactsurfa— geometricgrindingwheel—activegrindingwheel—realgrindingwheelprofileactivegrindingwheelprofactivegrindingwheeDgrindingprincipal——kinematicgrindinga—kinematicgrindinglenequivalentgrindingwhee—primarymotiongrindingwheelperipheragrindingwheelrotationalfre——principalfeedmotion—workpiecerotationalmotiworkpieceperipheralspeedworkpiecerotationalfrequency———rectilineartablefeedmotionsrotarytablefeedmotion—vfafaaxialincrementaltablefeedper—radialtablefeedmotifrradialtablefeedincrementalradiali—tangentialtablefeedmotfttangentialtablefe—rotarytablefeedmotitablerotationalfrequency(oftherotarytablefeedmotion)—principaltablefeedmotion totallengthoftablefeedmotionlfaactivelengthoftablefeedmotionidlelengthoftablefeedmotion —qU具有軸向進(jìn)給的平面或圓柱面磨削的重復(fù)overlap(traverseoverlap)insurf— ——— grindingwithaprofiledgrind peripheralgrinding—————tangentialgrinding—radialgrinding—plungegrinding—peripheralplungegrinding——upgrinding —reciprocatinggrindi——cut-offgrinding— ———— ——aengagementofagrindingwheelworkingengagementafradialengagementtangentialengagemematerialremovalperunitactivegrindingwheelwidthmaterialremovalperunitactivegrindingwheelprofilematerialremovalrateperunitactivegrindingwheelwidthmaterialremovalrateperunitactivegrindingwheelprofilevolumetricgrindingwheelvolumetricgrindingwheelwheelwidthvolumetricgrindingwheelweasGF'F'Du單位有效砂輪輪廓線長度上的當(dāng)量磨削厚度NstNkin——— 背吃刀量.............................................................................7.3逼近運(yùn)動...........................................................................5.3.1補(bǔ)償運(yùn)動...........................................................................5.3.2材料磨除量...........................................................................8.1材料磨除率.........................................................................8.1.3超高速磨削........................................................................6.6.12成形磨削...........................................................................6.1.4成形砂輪磨削.....................................................................大進(jìn)給磨削.........................................................................6.6.6單位有效砂輪寬度上的材料磨除量.....................................................8.1.1單位有效砂輪寬度上的材料磨除率.....................................................8.1.4單位有效砂輪寬度上的當(dāng)量磨削厚度..............................................單位有效砂輪寬度上的磨削力...........................................................9.1單位有效砂輪寬度上的砂輪磨損率.....................................................8.2.4單位有效砂輪寬度上的體積磨損量.....................................................8.2.1單位有效砂輪輪廓線上的砂輪磨損率...................................................8.2.5單位有效砂輪輪廓線長度上的材料磨除量...............................................8.1.2單位有效砂輪輪廓線長度上的材料磨除率...............................................8.1.5單位有效砂輪輪廓線長度上的當(dāng)量磨削厚度...................................單位有效砂輪輪廓線長度上的磨削力.....................................................9.2單位有效砂輪輪廓線長度上的體積磨損量...............................................8.2.2當(dāng)量砂輪半徑........................................................................4.10動態(tài)磨粒統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)......................................................................11.2端面磨削...........................................................................6.2.2端面切入磨削.....................................................................范成磨削.........................................................................高速磨削..........................................................................6.6.11工件回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動.......................................................................5.2.2工件圓周速度.....................................................................工件直徑.............................................................................4.1工件周長.............................................................................4.2工件轉(zhuǎn)速.........................................................................工作吃刀量...........................................................................7.2工作臺...............................................................................3.2工作臺回轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)給運(yùn)動...............................................................工作臺進(jìn)給運(yùn)動空程長度...........................................................工作臺進(jìn)給運(yùn)動有效長度...........................................................工作臺進(jìn)給運(yùn)動總長度...............................................................5.2.4工作臺徑向進(jìn)給量................................................................2工作臺徑向進(jìn)給速度..............................................................1工作臺徑向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動...............................................................工作臺徑向進(jìn)給增量..............................................................2工作臺切向進(jìn)給量................................................................2工作臺切向進(jìn)給速度..............................................................1工作臺切向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動...............................................................工作臺運(yùn)動.........................................................................5.2.3工作臺直線進(jìn)給運(yùn)動.................................................................5.2.3工作臺軸向進(jìn)給量................................................................2工作臺軸向進(jìn)給速度..............................................................1工作臺軸向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動...............................................................工作臺主進(jìn)給運(yùn)動.................................................................工作臺轉(zhuǎn)速......................................................................1公稱值...............................................................................3.3光磨...............................................................................6.6.7緩進(jìn)給磨削.........................................................................6.6.4回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺磨削.....................................................................6.1.3機(jī)床軸系規(guī)定.........................................................................3.5幾何接觸長度.......................................................................4.9.1幾何磨削弧.........................................................................4.8.1幾何磨削接觸面.....................................................................4.4.3幾何砂輪表面.......................................................................4.4.1幾何砂輪輪廓線.....................................................................4.5.1交替式磨削.........................................................................6.6.2進(jìn)給吃刀量...........................................................................7.4進(jìn)給運(yùn)動.............................................................................5.2徑向吃刀量...........................................................................7.4徑向磨削...........................................................................6.4.3具有軸向進(jìn)給的平面或圓柱面磨削的重復(fù)磨削系數(shù).......................................5.3.4每行程工作臺軸向進(jìn)給量..........................................................2每行程工作臺軸向進(jìn)給增量........................................................2磨粒分布............................................................................11.4磨粒面分布..........................................................................11.4磨粒體積分布........................................................................11.4磨粒線分布..........................................................................11.4磨削比...............................................................................8.3磨削比能.............................................................................9.3磨削基點(diǎn).............................................................................4.7磨削余量.............................................................................8.6內(nèi)磨...............................................................................逆磨...............................................................................6.5.1平行于砂輪軸線測定的砂輪寬度.........................................................4.3平面參考系...........................................................................3.4平面磨削...........................................................................6.1.1切斷磨削...........................................................................6.6.3切入磨削...........................................................................6.4.4切向吃刀量...........................................................................7.4切向磨削...........................................................................6.4.2切削速度...........................................................................5.1.1砂輪半徑磨損量.......................................................................8.4砂輪吃刀量...........................................................................7.1砂輪磨損率.........................................................................8.2.3砂輪體積磨損量.......................................................................8.2砂輪圓周速度.......................................................................5.1.2砂輪直徑.............................................................................4.1砂輪周長.............................................................................4.2砂輪軸向磨損量.......................................................................8.5砂輪轉(zhuǎn)速...........................................................................5.1.3實(shí)際接觸長度.......................................................................4.9.3實(shí)際磨削弧.........................................................................4.8.3實(shí)際磨削接觸面.....................................................................4.4.5實(shí)際砂輪輪廓線.....................................................................4.5.3實(shí)際值...............................................................................3.3順磨...............................................................................6.5.2速比...............................................................................5.3.3隨動磨削...........................................................................6.6.9外磨...............................................................................6.3.1往復(fù)式磨削.........................................................................6.6.1無心磨削...........................................................................6.6.8斜切入磨削.........................................................................6.6.5延性域磨削........................................................................6.6.10一定深度范圍中的靜態(tài)磨粒統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)......................................................11.1有效磨粒統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)......................................................................11.3有效砂輪表面.......................................................................4.4.2有效砂輪寬度.......................................................................4.6.2有效砂輪輪廓線.....................................................................4.5.2有效砂輪輪廓線長度.................................................................4.6.1圓柱面磨削.........................................................................6.1.2運(yùn)動磨削弧.........................................................................4.8.2運(yùn)動磨削接觸面.....................................................................4.4.4運(yùn)動磨削長度.......................................................................4.9.2增量進(jìn)給.........................................................................增量切入進(jìn)給.....................................................................周邊磨削...........................................................................6.2.1周邊切入磨削.....................................................................軸向吃刀量...........................................................................7.4軸向磨削...........................................................................6.4.1主進(jìn)給運(yùn)動.........................................................................5.2.1主運(yùn)動...............................................................................5.1activegraincount..................................................................11.3activegrindingwheelprofile......................................................4.5.2activegrindingwheelprofilelength...............................................4.6.1activegrindingwheelsurface......................................................4.4.2activegrindingwheelwidth........................................................4.6.2activelengthoftablefeedmotion...............................................5.alternatinggrinding...............................................................6.6.2approachmotion....................................................................5.3.1axialengagement.....................................................................7.4axialgrinding.....................................................................6.4.1axialincrementaltablefeedperstroke........................................5.axialtablefeed................................................................2axialtablefeedmotion..........................................................axialtablefeedperstroke.....................................................2axialtablefeedspeed..........................................................1backengagement......................................................................7.3centerlessgrinding................................................................6.6.8compensationmotion................................................................5.3.2creepfeedgrinding................................................................6.6.4cut-offgrinding...................................................................6.6.3cuttingspeed......................................................................5.1.1cylindricalgrinding...............................................................6.1.2downgrinding......................................................................6.5.2ductileregimegrinding...........................................................6.6.10engagementofagrindingwheel.....................................................equivalentgrindingthicknessperunitactiveequivalentgrindingthicknessperunitactivegrindequivalentgrindingwheelradius....................................................4.10externalgrinding..................................................................6.3.1facegrinding......................................................................6.2.2faceplungegrinding.............................................................feedengagement......................................................................7.4feedmotion..........................................................................5.2followgrinding....................................................................6.6.9generativegrinding..............................................................geometriccontactlength...........................................................4.9.1geometricgrindingarc.............................................................4.8.1geometricgrindingcontactsurface.................................................4.4.3geometricgrindingwheelprofile...................................................4.5.1geometricgrindingwheelsurface...................................................4.4.1grainareadistribution.............................................................11.4graindistribution..................................................................11.4grainlineardistribution...........................................................11.4grainvolumetricdistribution.......................................................11.4grindingallowance...................................................................8.6grindingforceperunitactivegrindingwheelprofilelength.........................9.2grindingforceperunitactivegrindingwheelwidth..................................9.1grindingonarotarytable.........................................................6.1.3grindingprincipalpoint.............................................................4.7grindingratio.......................................................................8.3grindingwheelaxialwear............................................................8.5grindingwheeldiameter..............................................................4.1grindingwheelperipheralspeed....................................................5.1.2grindingwheelradialwear...........................................................8.4grindingwheelrotationalfrequency................................................5.1.3grindingwheelwearrate...........................................................8.2.3grindingwheelwearrateperunitactivegrindingwheelprofilelength.............8.2.5grindingwheelwearrateperunitactivegrindingwheelwidth......................8.2.4grindingwithaprofiledgrindingwheel..........................................highfeedgrinding.................................................................6.6.6highspeedgrinding...............................................................6.6.11idlelengthoftablefeedmotion..............................................incrementalfeed.................................................................incrementalinfeed...............................................................incrementalradialinfeed...................................................internalgrinding..................................................................6.3.2kinematicgraincount...............................................................11.2kinematicgrindingarc.............................................................4.8.2kinematicgrindingcontactsurface.................................................4.4.4kinematicgrindinglength..........................................................4.9.2machineaxisconvention..............................................................3.5materialremoval.....................................................................8.1materialremovalperunitactivegrindingwheelprofilelength.....................8.1.2materialremovalperunitactivegrindingwheelwidth..............................8.1.1materialremovalrate..............................................................8.1.3materialremovalrateperunitactivegrindingwheelprofilelength..........materialremovalrateperunitactivegrindingwheelwidth........................nominalvalue........................................................................3.3obliquegrinding...................................................................6.6.5peripheralgrinding................................................................6.2.1peripherallengthofgrindingwheel..................................................4.2peripherallengthofworkpiece.......................................................4.2peripheralplungegrinding.......................................................plungegrinding....................................................................6.4.4primarymotion.......................................................................5.1principalfeedmotion..............................................................5.2.1principaltablefeedmotion......................................................radialengagement....................................................................7.4radialgrinding....................................................................6.4.3radialtablefeed...............................................................2radialtablefeedmotion.........................................................radialtablefeedspeed.........................................................1realcontactlength................................................................4.9.3realgrindingarc..................................................................4.8.3realgrindingcontactsurface....