2022年考博英語(yǔ)-南開(kāi)大學(xué)考試題庫(kù)及全真模擬沖刺卷含答案帶詳解套卷98

2022年考博英語(yǔ)-南開(kāi)大學(xué)考試題庫(kù)及全真模擬沖刺卷（含答案帶詳解）1.單選題

TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,therehashardlybeenayearsince1957inwhichbirthrateshavenotfallenintheUnitedStatesandotherrichcountries,andin1976thefallwasespeciallysharp.BothEastGermanyandWestGermanyhavefewerbirthsthantheyhavedeaths,andtheUnitedStatesisonlytemporarilyabletoavoidthisconditionbecausethechildrenofthebabyboomarenowanexceptionallylargegroupofmarriedcouples.

ItistruethatAmericansdonottypicallyplantheirbirthstosetanexamplefordevelopingnations.Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:oncewomenseeinterestingandwell-paidjobsarecareersavailable,theyarelesswillingtoprovidefreelaborforchildraising.Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive.Andtothehighcostofchildrenareaddedtheuncertainties,introducedbydivorce;couplesareincreasinglyunwillingtosubjectchildrentotheterribleexperienceofmaritalbreakdownandthemselvestothedifficultyofraisingachildalone.

Thesecircumstances—womenworkingoutsidethehomeandtheinstabilityofmarriage一tendtospreadwithindustrialsocietyandtheywillaffectmoreandmorecountriesinthenearfuture.Alongwiththemgoessocialmobility,ambitiontoriseintheurbanworld,amainfactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcentury.

Foodshortagewillhappenagainwhenthereservesresultingfromthegoodharvestsof1998and1999havebeenconsumed.Urbanizationislikelytocontinue,withthecitiesofthedevelopingnationsstrugglingundertheweightoftwicetheirpresentpopulationsbytheyear2010.Thepresentlyrichcountriesareapproachingastablepopulationlargelybecauseofthechangedplaceofwomen,andtheyincidentallyaresettinganexampleofrestrainttotherestoftheworld.Industrialsocietywillspreadtothepoorcountries,andaspirationwillexceedresources.Allthiswillleadtoapopulationinthenewcenturythatissmallerthanwasfearedafewyearsago.Forthoseanxioustoseeworldpopulationbroughtundercontrol,thenewsisencouraging.

1.WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis（）.

2.Thesentence“Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive”impliesthat（）.

3.AchieffactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcenturyis（）.

4.Thepopulationinthenewcentury,accordingtothewriter,（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.highlypaidjobs

B.women’sdesireforindependence

C.expensesofchildraising

D.highdivorcerate

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.foodandclothingforbabiesarebecomingincrediblyexpensive

B.pricesaregoingupdramaticallyallthetime

C.toraisechildrenwomenhavetogiveupinterestingandwell-paidjobs

D.socialdevelopmenthasmadechild-raisinginexpensive

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.birthcontrol

B.thedesiretoseekfortuneincities

C.theinstabilityofmarriage

D.thechangedplaceofwomen

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.willbesmallerthanafewyearsago

B.willnotbeassmallaspeopleexpect

C.willprovetobeathreattotheworld

D.willnotcontinueasseriousaproblemasexpected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:...providefreelaborforchildraising.”美國(guó)出生率受到婦女解放的影響:一旦婦女有了有趣的高薪工作，她們就不太愿意為撫養(yǎng)孩子付出免費(fèi)的勞動(dòng)力了。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.信息推斷題。上一句提到，一旦婦女有了有趣的高薪工作，她們就不太愿意為撫養(yǎng)孩子付出免費(fèi)的勞動(dòng)力了。由此可以推斷，撫養(yǎng)孩子從零成本似乎變成了高成本，是因?yàn)榕詾榱藫狃B(yǎng)孩子而放棄高薪工作所付出了昂貴的代價(jià)，這里并不是說(shuō)撫養(yǎng)孩子的成本高。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Alongwiththem...inEuropeinthe19thcentury.”社會(huì)流動(dòng)性，以及在城市里發(fā)展提升的抱負(fù)，是19世紀(jì)歐洲出生率下降的一個(gè)主要因素。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，目前富裕的國(guó)家由于婦女地位改變而人口趨于穩(wěn)定，為世界其他地區(qū)樹(shù)立了榜樣，工業(yè)社會(huì)也將蔓延到貧窮國(guó)家，所有的這些都將導(dǎo)致新世紀(jì)的人口比幾年前的要少。潛在意思是說(shuō)，新世紀(jì)的人口問(wèn)題不會(huì)像預(yù)期的那樣嚴(yán)重。選項(xiàng)D相對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A來(lái)說(shuō)，更為恰當(dāng)。

2.單選題

Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown（）identity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discreet

B.discrete

C.separated

D.isolated

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。discreet“謹(jǐn)慎的,小心的”;discrete“離散的;獨(dú)立的”;separated“分開(kāi)的;

分居的”;isolated“孤立的;單獨(dú)的”。句意:這些小公司現(xiàn)在都有了它們自己獨(dú)立的身份。選項(xiàng)B更符合句意。

3.單選題

Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“l(fā)augh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.

IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.

1.Thesnoringiscausedby（）.

2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas（）.

3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroat

B.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenose

C.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouth

D.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.asoftpalate

B.abignose

C.anopenmouth

D.asmallthroat

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.

C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.

D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.objective

B.subjective

C.sympathetic

D.annoyed

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”這些聲音來(lái)自于軟腭和喉嚨的其他柔軟結(jié)構(gòu)，是由流入和流出的空氣的振動(dòng)反應(yīng)引起的。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”張開(kāi)嘴睡覺(jué)的人鼾聲短促。選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)原文可知，打鼾是一種無(wú)意識(shí)的行為，所以選項(xiàng)A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤；選項(xiàng)D在文中沒(méi)有提及。所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

4.態(tài)度判斷題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，作者全文都是在客觀的描述人們打呼嚕的這個(gè)問(wèn)題以及產(chǎn)生的原因和影響，沒(méi)有摻雜個(gè)人情緒，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

4.單選題

Whensheenteredtheroom,thesmellofherperfumeimmediately（）theroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.distributed

B.penetrated

C.pervaded

D.perished

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。distribute“分配,散布”;penetrate“滲透,穿透”;pervade“遍及,彌漫”;perish“使麻木,毀壞”。句意:當(dāng)她走進(jìn)房間,她身上的香水味立刻彌漫了整個(gè)房間。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

5.單選題

Asawayof（）themailswhiletheywereaway,theJohnsonsaskedthecleaningladytosendlittleprintedslipsaskingthesenderstowriteagainlater.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pickingup

B.copingwith

C.passingout

D.gettingacross

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析。pickup撿起，獲得；copewith處理，應(yīng)付；passout昏倒，分發(fā)；getacross通過(guò)，使被理解。根據(jù)下文，讓清潔女工把打印好的小紙條寄出去讓寄件人稍后再寫(xiě)。這是處理郵件的一種方式，所以選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

6.單選題

Hesoonregainedhisself-confidenceforhefoundhimself（）toothersinmanyrespects.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.better

B.worse

C.superior

D.inferior

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他很快恢復(fù)了自信，因?yàn)樗l(fā)現(xiàn)自己在許多方面都比別人優(yōu)秀。根據(jù)介詞to可首先排除選項(xiàng)A和B，根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)C正確。

7.單選題

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishedanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield,thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith（）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninhighlyinnovativefashion

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymostofmusicologiststoday

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalue

C.musicalworkswithpopularhistoricalthemes

D.examplesofmusicalworkswithnewprincipleoforganization

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists

B.doesnotrelegateparticularstotheroleofdata

C.introducesanewvalidgeneralization

D.presentsthediscoveryofanewscientificfact

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)產(chǎn)生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式相互關(guān)聯(lián)。由此可知，把不同的現(xiàn)象連貫地聯(lián)系起來(lái)是高度的創(chuàng)造性科學(xué)所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.信息判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的末尾幾句可知，貝多芬并沒(méi)有推翻任何基本規(guī)則。相反，他是一個(gè)無(wú)與倫比的謀略家，他以驚人的獨(dú)創(chuàng)的方式，利用了他從前輩如海頓、莫扎特、亨德?tīng)柡桶秃漳抢锢^承來(lái)的規(guī)則、形式和慣例。所以選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“FlorentineCamerata”定位到第二段第三句“suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,...thegreatworksofmusic.”如佛羅倫薩卡米拉塔的歌劇，盡管具有顯著的歷史重要性，但很少有聽(tīng)眾或音樂(lè)學(xué)家會(huì)把它們列入偉大的音樂(lè)作品之中。也就是說(shuō)不被普遍認(rèn)為具有很高的審美價(jià)值，選項(xiàng)B與原文表述一致。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第一段的第三句“However,theideathat...validforthesciences.”然而，將非凡的創(chuàng)造力超越既定限制的觀點(diǎn)應(yīng)用到藝術(shù)上是有誤導(dǎo)性的，盡管它可能適用于科學(xué)。由此推斷，作者的態(tài)度是懷疑的，選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”創(chuàng)新科學(xué)產(chǎn)生新的命題，在這些命題中，不同的現(xiàn)象可以以更連貫的方式相互關(guān)聯(lián)，選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

8.單選題

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（）withthelawwillbepunished.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comply

B.conceal

C.consent

D.abide

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞搭配。complywith“遵守,順從”;conceal“隱藏,隱瞞”;consent“同意,贊成”;abide“持續(xù),忍受”。句意:不用說(shuō),拒絕遵守法律的人都將受到懲罰。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Anyonewhotrainsanimalsrecognizesthathumanandanimalperceptualcapacitiesaredifferent.Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.Theothersensesarelargelyancillary;mostofusdonotknowhowwemightgoabouteitherdoubtingorbelievingournoses.Butfordogs,scentingisbelieving.Adog’snoseistooursasthewrinkledsurfaceofourcomplexbrainistothesurfaceofanegg.Adogwhodidcomparativepsychologymighteasilyworryaboutourconsciousnessorlackthereof,justasweworryabouttheconsciousnessofasquid.

Wewhotakesightforgrantedcandrawpicturesofscent,butwehavenolanguagefordoingittheotherwayabout,nowaytorepresentsomethingvisuallyfamiliarbymeansofactualscent.Mosthumanscannotknow,withtheirlimitednoses,whattheycanimagineaboutbeingdeaf,blind,mute,orparalyzed.Thesightedcan,forexample,speakofablindpersonas“inthedarkness,”butthereisnocorollaryexpressionforwhatitisthatweareinrelationshiptoscent.Ifwetriedtocoinwords,wemightcomeupwithsomethinglike“scent-blind.”Butwhatwoulditmean?Itcouldn’thavethesortofmeaningthat“color-blind”and“tone-deaf”do,becausemostofushaveexperiencedwhat“tone”and“color”meaninthoseexpressions,butwedon’tknowwhat“scent”meansintheexpression“scent-blind.”Scentformanyofuscanbeonlyatheoretical,technicalexpressionthatweusebecauseourgrammarrequiresthatwehaveanountogointhesentenceswearepromptedtoutteraboutanimals,tracking.Wedon’thaveasenseofscent.Whatwedohaveisasenseofsmell—forThanksgivingdinnerandskunksandanumberofthingswecallchemicals.

SoifFidoandIaresittingontheterrace,admiringtheview,weinhabitworldswithradicallydifferentprinciplesofphenomenology.Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?

HeseesroughlythesamethingsthatIseebuthebelievesthescentsofthegardenbehindus.Hemarksthepathoftheblack-andwhitecatasshemovesamongtherosesinsearchofthebitsofchickensandwichIletfallasIwalkedfromthehousetoourpicnicspot.IcanshowthatFidoisalerttothekitty,butnothow,formypicture-makingmodesofthoughttooeasilysupplyfalsifyinglyliteralrepresentationsofthecatandthegardenandtheirmodesofbeinghiddenfromorrevealedtome.

1.Thephrase“Theothersensesarelargelyancillary”(Paragraph1)isusedbytheauthortosuggestthat（）.

2.Theexampleinthelastparagraphsuggeststhat“principlesofphenomenology”mentionedinParagraph3canbestbedefinedas（）.

3.Themissingphraseintheincompletesentence“Thedog’s—well,wedon’tknow,dowe?”refersto（）.

4.Theexampleinthelastparagraphisusedtoillustratehow（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlythoseeventsexperienceddirectlycanbeappreciatedbythesenses

B.formanyhumanbeingsthesenseofsightistheprimarymeansofknowingabouttheworld

C.smellisinmanyrespectsamorepowerfulsensethansight

D.peoplerelyonatleastoneoftheirothersensesinordertoconfirmwithwhattheysee

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.rulesoneusestodeterminethephilosophicaltruthaboutacertainthing

B.behaviorscausedbycertainkindsofperception

C.waysandmeansofknowingaboutsomething

D.effectofsingleindividual’sperceptiononwhatothersbelieve

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.colorblindness

B.perceptionoftheworld

C.concernforourperception

D.depthperception

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.adog’sperceptiondiffersfromahuman’s

B.peoplefearnaturebutanimalsarepartofit

C.adog’swaysofseeingaresuperiortoacat’s

D.phenomenologyisuniversalandconstant

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)上文“Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.”對(duì)大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)，盡管我們偶爾會(huì)思考是否能相信自己的眼睛。然后作者緊接著提及“othersensesarelargeancillary”其他感官主要是輔助。由此可知，作者是主要是強(qiáng)調(diào)，視覺(jué)是認(rèn)識(shí)世界的主要方式，選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.信息推理題。最后一段作者將自己和狗狗進(jìn)行對(duì)比，雖然他們看到的世界是大致相同的，但狗狗還可以通過(guò)嗅覺(jué)感知周?chē)氖澜?，而人?lèi)主要是依靠視覺(jué)，這說(shuō)明“現(xiàn)象學(xué)原理”指的是一種了解某事的方式和方法。選項(xiàng)C正確。

3.信息推斷題。根據(jù)上文“Saythatthewindistoourbacks.Ourworldliesallbeforeus,withina180degreeangle.”風(fēng)吹到我們的背上，世界平行的呈現(xiàn)在我們面前。這是我們感知世界的一種方式，而狗狗同樣也能以這種方式感知到世界，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.信息歸納題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，狗狗可以通過(guò)嗅覺(jué)標(biāo)記出貓?jiān)诨▓@中尋找食物的路徑，而作者只能通過(guò)視覺(jué)來(lái)尋找。由此可知，說(shuō)明狗與人感知世界的方式是不同的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

10.單選題

Scienceandtechnologyactuallyhelpto（）theusefulandpleasantpartsoftraditionalculture.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.preserve

B.prevail

C.reserve

D.precede

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:科學(xué)技術(shù)實(shí)際上有助于保存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)文化中有用的和討人喜歡的部分。選項(xiàng)中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。preserve強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)東西完好無(wú)損;reserve指保存儲(chǔ)備留作后用。根據(jù)句意可知，選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

11.單選題

Themanufacturerwasforcedtoreturnthemoneytotheconsumersunder（）oflaw.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.guideline

B.definition

C.constraint

D.identity

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。guideline“指導(dǎo)方針”;definition“定義,解說(shuō)”;constraint“約束,強(qiáng)制”;identity“身份,特性,一致”。句意:生產(chǎn)商迫于法律的約束不得不把錢(qián)退還給客戶(hù)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Bothtelevisioncommercialsandprogramspresent（）viewofthematerialworld,onewhichpromotesastandardoflivingthatmostofuscanprobablynotattain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.astandardized

B.anunrealistic

C.abetter

D.aninteresting

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)下句“mostofuscanprobablynotattain”可推測(cè)，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是不切實(shí)際的，所以選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

13.單選題

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,（）theircleanness,toughness,andlowcost.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inadditionto

B.byvirtueof

C.asopposedto

D.forthesakeof

【答案】B

【解析】介詞短語(yǔ)含義辨析。inadditionto“除...之外（還有,也）”;byvirtueof“由于,憑借”;asopposedto“與…截然相反,對(duì)照”;forthesakeof“為了,為了…的利益”。句意:塑料袋用來(lái)裝各種食物很有用,因?yàn)槠湫l(wèi)生,結(jié)實(shí),便宜。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

14.單選題

TheancientGreekshadthenotionofscienceasmethodicalknowledge,（）anduniversallyvalid.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compellinglycertain

B.compelcertain

C.completecertain

D.verysure

【答案】A

【解析】副詞搭配。句意:古希臘人認(rèn)為科學(xué)是一種有系統(tǒng)的知識(shí)，具有令人信服的確定性和普遍有效性。根據(jù)后面的“universallyvalid”可推測(cè)，填空處也應(yīng)該為副詞+形容詞的搭配，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)B和C，compellingly與certain搭配使用,表示“令人信服地確定”的意思。所以選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

15.單選題

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近義詞辨析。confirm確認(rèn)，證實(shí);declare宣布，聲明;選項(xiàng)A和B都是后接名詞短語(yǔ)或that從句;confess承認(rèn)，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承認(rèn)做過(guò)某事;claim聲稱(chēng)，斷言，后可接名詞短語(yǔ)、that從句,也可接不定式短語(yǔ),不定式中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在claim之前,則用不定式完成式。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

16.單選題

Greenmeanshealthyoutsideofhospitals,too.Officeworkerswithnatureviewsaremore（1）abouttheirjobs,lessfrustrated,inbetterhealthandmoresatisfiedwiththeir（2）,accordingtoonestudy.Accordingtoanother,prisoninmateswhosecellslookedoutonfarmfieldsneededfarlesshealthcarethanthosewhosecellsfaceda（3）internalcourtyard.Psychologistshavefoundthatexposure（4）trees,streamsandothernaturalfeaturesimprovesconcentration,creativityandemotionalfunctioning.Inonestudy.FrancesKuo,PhD,apsychologistwho（5）theLandscapeandHumanHealthLaboratoryattheUniversityofIllinois,andhercolleaguesshowedthat20-minutewalksacrossleafycityparkseasesADHD（6）inkids.Afewyearsago,Kuoandherresearchpartnerstestedchildreninahigh-riseChicagopublic-housingprojecttoseeifaviewofnaturefromtheirapartmentshelpedthempsychologically.（7）withgirlswholookedoutonbrickandasphalt,girlswhosawtreesfromtheirwindowsconcentratedbetter,actedless（8）andweremoreabletodelaygratification.That（9）betterself-discipline,Kuosays,whichcouldhelpgirlsbetterhandlethe（10

）thatcometheirwayastheygrowupintheprojects.TheIllinoisresearchersalsoshowedthatareasofthepublic-housingprojectwithtreesandgrasshadlowerlevelsofcrime,（11

）violence,noise,litterandgraffiti(涂鴉).“Whenyouputallthesethingstogether,it’sapictureofahealthierneighborhood,”Kuosay.Greenerneighborhoodsmayevenimprovethe（12

）physicalhealthoftheirresidents.Dutchscientistscrosscheckedtheself-reportedhealthof10,000peoplewiththegreennessoftheirneighborhoods.After（13

）fortheirincome,ageandotherfactorsthataffecthealth,theyfoundthatpeopleingreenerneighborhoodswerehealthier.Inanotherstudy,elderlyTokyoresidentsweresignificantlymorelikelytosurvive（14

）anotherfiveyearsiftheirneighborhood（15

）walkableparksandtree-linedstreets.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.keen

B.eager

C.zealous

D.enthusiastic

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.lives

B.alive

C.live

D.living

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.blight

B.bleak

C.bleach

D.blemished

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.from

D.at

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.directs

B.improves

C.helps

D.satisfies

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.frustration

B.features

C.emotions

D.symptoms

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.Comparing

B.Compare

C.Compared

D.Tocompare

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.inpulsively

B.dispulsively

C.impulsively

D.unpulsively

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.amountupto

B.addsupto

C.isupto

D.livesupto

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.challenges

B.career

C.professions

D.task

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.domestic

B.forensic

C.explicit

D.metropolitan

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.totally

B.partial

C.overall

D.whole

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.account

B.accounting

C.accounted

D.havingaccounting

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.from

B.in

C.up

D.for

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.retained

B.attained

C.detained

D.contained

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:A

第12題:C

第13題:B

第14題:D

第15題:D

【解析】（1）固定搭配。beenthusiasticabout為固定搭配，表示“熱衷于,對(duì)...充滿(mǎn)熱情”。keen后面一般接on；eager一般與to搭配；zealous一般與for搭配。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

（2）名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指對(duì)他們的生活感到更滿(mǎn)意。只有選項(xiàng)A表示生活；alive“活著的”；live“活的，直播的”；living表示“生計(jì)，生活方式，生存之道”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

（3）形容詞詞義辨析。blight“枯萎，荒蕪”；bleak“陰冷的,荒涼的”；bleach“漂白”；blemished“有瑕疵的,有污點(diǎn)的”。根據(jù)句意可知填空處應(yīng)為形容詞修飾花園。只有選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

（4）固定搭配。Exposure通常與to搭配,表示“暴露于”。原文指的是處于某種環(huán)境中，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

（5）動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指管理實(shí)驗(yàn)室的心理學(xué)家，選項(xiàng)A符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（6）名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：在樹(shù)木繁茂的城市公園散步20分鐘可以緩解兒童多動(dòng)癥的癥狀。選項(xiàng)D符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（7）語(yǔ)法知識(shí)?？疾閏omparingwith和comparedwith的區(qū)別。當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是被比較的對(duì)象時(shí),用comparedwith；當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是比較動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者時(shí),用comparingwith。句中的主語(yǔ)為girls，為被比較的對(duì)象,所以用compared。選項(xiàng)C正確。

（8）形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)原文句意：看到樹(shù)木的女孩們注意力更加集中,行為不那么沖動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)中只有impulsively表示“易沖動(dòng)的”。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

（9）動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。amountupto“至多”;addupto“總計(jì)達(dá)”;isupto“從事;忙于”;liveupto“實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到”。根據(jù)原文可知，本句是對(duì)上一句的遞進(jìn)說(shuō)明，表示還會(huì)提高自律性。選項(xiàng)D正確。

（10）名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)句意：這可以幫助她們更好地處理成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中遇到的挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)A符合原文語(yǔ)境。

（11）固定搭配。domesticviolence為固定搭配，表示“家庭暴力”。

（12）形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)原文可知，這里指提高居民整體的健康狀況。totally完全地；partial局部地；overall全部的，強(qiáng)調(diào)全面綜合的；whole完整的，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物完好無(wú)缺。所以選項(xiàng)C更恰當(dāng)。

（13）語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。此處考查動(dòng)詞account的各種形式?？崭袂懊媸墙樵~after，所以后面只能接名詞，代詞或動(dòng)名詞，所以空格處應(yīng)該是用動(dòng)名詞形式。選項(xiàng)B正確。

（14）介詞搭配。survive與for搭配使用,表示“存活……”,后一般跟時(shí)間。選項(xiàng)D正確。

（15）語(yǔ)法理解題。retained保留，保存；attained獲得，達(dá)到；detained扣留；contained包含。根據(jù)句意：”如果東京的老年居民所在的社區(qū)有可步行的公園和綠樹(shù)成蔭的街道...”可知，選項(xiàng)D更符合語(yǔ)境。

17.單選題

Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassestohelpthemnavigate.Somedirectthemselvesbythepositionofthesun.Othersnavigatebythestars.Someusethesunastheirguideduringtheday,andthenswitchtnstarnavigationbynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagneticfieldsasaguideinfindingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvariousotheranimals,frominsectstomollusks,canalsomakeuseofmagneticcompasses.Itisofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchtoamagneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;otherwiseitwouldjusthavetolandandwaitforthesuntocomeoutagain.

Evenwiththesunorstarstoguideby,theproblemsofnavigationaremorecomplicatedthantheymightseematfirst.Forexample,aworkerhoneybeethathasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenfliesrapidlyhometoreport.Ascientist