研究生英語綜合教程unit 1

IntegratedEnglishCourse

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furao33@126.comSelf-introductionWhat’syourname?Whereareyoufrom?Whichschooldidyougraduate?Whydidyouchoosehere?What’syourexpectations?RequirementsRequirementsSpeechEducation研究生英語教研室UnitOneContents4Background1235VocabularyTextAnalysisExercisesWriting&TranslationBackgroundInyouropinion,whataspectsoftheAmericaneducationalsystemaremostdifficultforforeignstudentsandImmigrants?WhatareyourexpectationsofprofessorsandInstructors?Shouldtheybemorethanteachers?Forexample,shouldtheyalsobecounselors,friends,oradvisers?Inyourculture,is"peer-teaching"common?Thatis,dostudentsteacheachother?HowtosurviveintheAmericanclassroom?AmericanClassroomHowwillmyachievementinmyacademicclassesbemeasured?CanIspeakupinclass?ShouldIgivegiftstomyteacher?Howdoteachershandlecheating?Isitnecessarytotypemypapers?HowmuchwillIhavetostudy?WhatifIhaveotherquestionsaboutmyschool?

conducive

[k?n′dju:siv]adj.

1.導(dǎo)致…的,有助于…的

e.g.

Thisisamoreconduciveatmosphereforstudying.

這樣的氛圍更有利于學(xué)習(xí)。

2.使容易（或有可能）發(fā)生的

beconduciveto:tendingtocauseorbringabout;contributive(+to),behelpful

e.g.Exerciseisconducivetogoodhealth.

運動有助于健康。innovation

[in?u′vei??n]n.

(+in)

1.改革,革新,創(chuàng)新

e.g.Anenterpriseshouldencourageinnovation.企業(yè)應(yīng)鼓勵創(chuàng)新。2.新觀念,新方法,新發(fā)明e.g.Farmersareintroducinginnovationswhichincreasetheproductivity.農(nóng)民們正引進提高生產(chǎn)力的新方法。subordinate

[s?′b?:din?t]adj.

1.級別或職位較低的,下級的

e.g.

Theminorityissubordinatetothemajority.

少數(shù)服從多數(shù)。2.次要的,附屬的

e.g.

Allotherconsiderationsaresubordinate

toourneedforsteadyprofits.比起我們需要穩(wěn)定的利潤來說,其他需要考慮的事都是次要的。

[s?′b?:dineit]vt.

使成為下級，使次要egalitarianism

[?,g?l?′t??r??n?z?m]n.

平等主義(equalitarianism)e.g.

Weshallallowsomeareastobecomerichfirst;egalitarianismwillnotwork.要讓一部分地方先富裕起來，搞平均主義不行。egalitarian[?,g?l?′t??r??n]adj.e.g.

anegalitariansociety一個人人平等的社會counselor

[′ka?ns?l?]n.

1.顧問,參事

e.g.

acounselortotheambassador大使顧問Hiseldersisterhadbeenhisguide,counselor,andfriend.他姐姐過去一直指導(dǎo)他,給他出主意,是他的朋友。3.<律>律師4.(使館等的)參贊;法律顧問

e.g.

acommercialcounselor

商務(wù)參贊resentful

[r?′zentf?l]adj.

感到憤恨的,表示憤恨的,憎恨的

e.g.

aresentfulremark一句氣話

Hefeltdeeplyresentfultowardshisex-wife.他對前妻怨恨極深。Shefeltresentfulatthewayshehadbeentreated.她對所受到的對待惱怒不已。Shewasresentfulofthewayofhisspeaking.她對他的講話方式不滿。perceive

[p?′si:v]v.

1.感覺,察覺,理解,注意到,意識到e.gIplainlyperceivesomeobjectionsremain.我清楚地察覺到還有一些反對意見。Thatruleisnoteasilyperceived.這條規(guī)則不容易理解。Theyperceivedthattheywereunwelcomeandleft.他們意識到他們是不受歡迎的,于是就離開了。Ican'tperceiveanydifferencebetweenthesecoins.我看不出這些硬幣的區(qū)別。

2.視為；認(rèn)為；理解為;把…看做intrusion

[?n′tru:??n]n.

1.闖入，侵入，侵?jǐn)_e.g.Armedintrusions

武裝入侵2.(對某事的)干擾，干涉，擾亂，侵犯e.g.Ihavesomanyintrusionsonmytimethatitisdifficulttogetmyworkdone.我的時間常常受到干擾,致使我難以完成我的工作。compartmentalize

[k?mpɑ:t′ment?laiz]v.

分隔；劃分；分類e.g.Youcannotcompartmentalizeyourlifelikethis!

你不能如此劃分你的生活。Anongoingchallengeformanysalespeopleistheabilityto‘compartmentalize’areasoftheirlife.violation

[va??′le???n]n.

1.違反(行為,事例);冒犯,侵害e.g.TheyblockadedtheSuezCanalinviolationofinternationalagreement.他們違反國際公約封鎖了蘇伊士運河。

Leavingacarinano-parkingareaisoneofthecommonesttrafficviolations.把車停在禁停區(qū)是常見的違反交通規(guī)則行為之一。suspend

[s?′spend]v.

1.懸,掛,吊e.g.Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.天花板上吊著一盞燈。2.暫停,終止Bothsidesintheconflicthaveagreedtemporarilytosuspendhostilities.沖突雙方同意暫時停火。3.延緩；暫緩；推遲4.使暫時停職（或停學(xué)等）expel

[ik′spel]v.

1.驅(qū)逐,趕走,放逐,驅(qū)逐出境

e.g.Theyexpelledaforeignspyfromtheircountry.他們把一個外國間諜驅(qū)逐出境。2.把…除名,把…開除

Hewasexpelledfromtheclubforbreakingtherules.他因違反了規(guī)定而被開除出俱樂部。3.排出，噴出

e.g.Thewhaleexpelledwaterfromhisblowhole.鯨魚從鼻孔排出水。jeopardize[′d?ep?daiz]

v.

冒…的危險；危及；危害；損害

e.g.jeopardizethefundamentalinterestsofthestate

危害國家的根本利益Soldiersjeopardizetheirlivesinwar.士兵們在戰(zhàn)爭中使他們的生命陷入險境。

Toburnyourbridgeswilljeopardizeyourfuturecareer.

過河拆橋的做人處事，將會影響到你的事業(yè)前途。abide[?′baid]

v.

1.

容忍，忍受

Shecan’tabidehisrudeness.

她不能忍受他的粗魯行為

2.遵守，信守

abidebythelaw/schoolregulations遵守法律/校規(guī)

3.等候，等待e.g.Shewillabidehertime.她將等待時機。

4.逗留，居住Theyabideinaremotevillage.他們住在偏遠的村子里plagiarism[′pleid??riz?m]

n.

1.剽竊，抄襲2.剽竊物，抄襲物e.g.(anactof)plagiarism抄襲行為

Plagiarismisaseriousoffense.

剽竊是嚴(yán)重的違紀(jì)行為。Theformerstudentsarebeingaccusedofplagiarism.

這些校友現(xiàn)在被認(rèn)為抄襲。

fabrication

[f?bri′kei??n]

n.

1.捏造，偽造（故事、證據(jù)、文件等）；

編造（謊言等）2.建造，制作，裝配，組合e.g.

That'spurefabrication!那純粹是捏造的！Herstorywasnothingbutaseriesoffabrications.

她說的完全都是編造的。

falsification

[f?:lsifi′kei??n]

n.

1.弄虛作假；偽造，篡改，歪曲2.證明為假，證明為無根據(jù)e.g.

falsificationoffacts/account

歪曲事實/編造假賬Thefalsificationofthetestamentwasdiscoveredbythem.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這份遺囑被竄改了。

v:falsifyn:falsifieracademician

[?,k?d?′mi??n]

n.

1.（尤指英國皇家藝術(shù)院、法國科學(xué)院和俄國科學(xué)院）院士2.【美】學(xué)者；知識分子，學(xué)會成員e.g.

OurprofessorisanacademicianoftheScienceAcademy.

我們的教授是科學(xué)院的院士。

AcademicianYuanLongpingWonthe2004WorldFoodPrize

袁隆平院士榮獲2004年度世界糧食獎

tantamount

[′t?nt?maunt]

a.

同等的，相等于…的，相當(dāng)于…的(+to)e.g.

TheKing'srequestwastantamounttoacommand.

國王的要求就相當(dāng)于命令。Herstatementistantamounttoaconfessionofguilt.

她的供述等于認(rèn)罪。

bureaucratic

[bju?r?u′kr?tik]

a.

官僚（政治）的，官僚主義的e.g.

Itisnecessarytogetridofbureaucraticpractices.

必須清除官僚習(xí)氣。Inefficientbureaucraticadministrationswouldbephasedout.

低效的官僚管理體制將會逐漸廢除。

LanguagePoints1.Manyteachersbelievethattheresponsibilityforlearninglieswiththestudent.=Manyteachersbelievethatthestudentisresponsibleforhislearning.(L.1)

liewith:tobedecidedby,dependenton,orupto:由…決定，取決于，視…而定：

e.g.Thechoicelieswithyou.

你來做出選擇2.Violationofthehonorsystemcanresultinfailingacourse,havingapermanentrecordoftheviolationinthestudent'sfiles,andevenbeingsuspendedorexpelledfromtheuniversity.(L.36)=Ifyouviolatethehonorsystem,youmayhavetheviolationrecordinyourstudent’sfileforgood,besuspendedordrivenoutoftheuniversity.

resultin:leadto,inducee.g.

Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopeople.

這場意外事故造成兩人死亡。3.Manystudentsarealsoawarethattheycanjeopardizetheirrapportwithfellowstudentsiftheyaredishonest.(L.39)

rapport[r?′p?:]和睦（或融洽、親善）關(guān)系

beinrapportwith（與…）關(guān)系密切e.g.

Theactordevelopedacloserapportwithhisaudience.

該演員與觀眾建立了密切的關(guān)系。Fatherandsonhaveagreatrapport.父子情深4.Wheninternationalstudentsareaccusedofplagiarism,itmaybethattheyomittedthecitationoutofignorancebutnotbecauseofdishonesty(L.65)=Wheninternationalstudentsarechargedwithcopyingfromothers,itmaybebecausetheydonotrealizeit,butnotbecausetheyaredishonest,

accuseof:tochargeformallywithawrongdoing.

e.g.Hewasaccusedofmurder.有人指控他謀殺

Sheaccusedhimofstealingherwatch.

她控告他偷她的表5.

Studentsfromcountrieswhere"beatingthesystem"isasurvivaltechniquehavetoadjusttothefactthatintheUnitedStatesanykindoffalsificationofofficialschooldocumentsisconsidereddishonestandispunishable.(L.71)beatingthesystem:there'salwayscountermeasuretothesystemorpolicy

e.g.Somepeopletendtobeatthesystemandsomepeopledonot.6.Theirattempttotakeadvantageofthesysteminordertobetterthemselvesmayhavebeenanaturalresponsetohavingstruggledinasocietywithmanybureaucraticbarriers.(L.76)

takeadvantageof:puttogooduse;availoneselfof

e.g.Itneveroccurredtometotakeadvantageofhim.

我決沒有想到過要占他的便宜。TextStructureTheauthortalksabouteducationfromtwoperspectives:Instructor1.Studentsshouldtakeresponsibilityforlearning2.Informal,relaxedclassroomenvironmentishelpfultoleaningandinnovation.3.Relationshipsbetweeninstructorsandstudentsaredistinct.4.ProfessorsplayseveralrolesinrelationtotheirstudentsStudent1.Importanceoftrustin:studentsshouldbehonestintheirschoolwork.2.Dishonestyshouldbeavoidedsuchasplagiarism,cheating,fabrication,aidingdishonesty,falsification,etc.3.Don’tbeatthesystem!ExercisesReadingComprehensionChoosethebestansweraccordingtoTextA.1.C2.D3.B4.C5.A6.D7.B8.B9.A10.CAnswerthequestionsaccordingtoTextA.1.Theidealstudentisonewhoismotivatedtolearnforthesakeoflearning,nottheonewhoisinterestedonlyingettinghighgradesinexams.(open)2.Studentshaveeasygoingandfriendlyrelationshipwithprofessors.Professorstreatstudentsasequalswithinthelimitsoftheteacher-studentrelationship.Outsidetheclassroomtheyestablishsocialrelationships,butitdoesn'thaveanyeffectonevaluatingtheirschoolwork.3.No,he/shewon'ttreatstudentsdifferentlywhenevaluatingtheschoolwork.(open)5.(open)VocabularyChoosetheappropriatewordorexpressiontofillineachblank:B2.C3.A4.D5.C

6.C7.A8.D9.B10.CReplacetheitalicizedpartsinthefollowingsentenceswithwordsorexpressionsfromTextAthatbestkeeptheoriginalmeanings.1.motivated2.resentfulof3.compartmentalized4.tantamount5.conducive6.expelled7.violation8.Distinction9.forging10.rapportSentenceStructureA.ChangethesentencestructureswithpatternsfromTextA.1.Violationofthehonorsystemcanresultinfailingacourse.2.Manyeducatorsholdabeliefthataninformalandrelaxedclassroomenvironmentisconducivetolearning.3.TrustisanimportantexpectationinAmericaneducation.B.FillintheblankswithsentencestructuresfromTextAaccordingtotheChinese.1.abidebycontractandkeepgoodfaith2.shehasbeenaccusedofacademicplagiarism3.WehadbettertakeadvantageofthewarmerweatherClozeFillineachblankwithawordfromthebox.1.Challenge2.variety3.shared4.posted5.newspaper.6.excluded7.seek8.disoriented9.advantage10.social11.support12.initiative13.governed14.expectations15.honor16.responsibility17.anticipate18.differences19.flexibility20.enhancingWritingStyleGoodwritingclearlydefinedpurpose,aclearpoint.Supportthepointwithspecificinformation.informationisclearlyconnectedandarranged.Thewordsareappropriate,sentencesareclear,concise,emphatic,andcorrect.EssayWritingArgumentationExpositionNarrationDescriptionComparisonContrastIllustrationExemplificationCause&EffectClassificationDeductionInductionNarrationDecideonatopic

Discussthetopicwithyourteacher/professorandpeerseitherinclassorinagroupdiscussionorprivatetutorial

Brainstormseveraldifferentwaysthenarrativecango.Startwriting.

Donotstopwriting.Letyourwritingflowonwardinastreamofconsciousnesstypeofway.

Rereadtheessay.

Editforgrammarandthetechnicalrulesofwriting.

Letsomeoneelseedit/readoveryouressayforcontentandgrammar.

10ideasfornarrativeessaysLearningtoswimMostembarrassingmomentAtimewhenyousurprisedyourselfFavoritevacationLosingsomethingandfindingitAnimportantpurchaseSomethingscarythathappenedtoyouThe“goldendays,"asrememberedbyarelativeGivingawaysomethingpreciousYourworsthairdayeverARoadAccident

Therewasaroadaccidentnearourschoolgatethismorning.Iwasjustridinginonmybikethroughtheschoolgatewhen1heardaloudbangbehindme.IturnedroundandsawagreenFordcarcomeintocollisionwithablueJapanese-madecar.Thebluecarwasdrivingeast.Judgingbyitspositionontheroad,ithadtriedtoovertakeanothercar.Becauseofhiscarelessness,thedriverdidn'tcheckbeforepullingout.Asaresult,itcrashedintoagreenFordcarwhichwastravelingintheoppositedirection.ThedriverofthegreenFordwaskilledinstantlywhilethedriverofthebluecarwasbadlyinjured.Itwasnotlongbeforetheambulancearrivedandleftwiththeinjuredandthedeaddrivers.Bothcarswereseriouslydamaged.Somanypeoplegatheredtoseewhathadhappenedthatmanycars,buses,etc.werecaughtinthetrafficjam.Awholehourpassedbeforethecrowdslowlydispersed.Theaccidentwouldnothavehappenedifthedriverofthebluecarhadcheckedbeforepullingout.Hastemakes