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關(guān)于過去分詞的形式及意義I.過去分詞的形式和意義1.過去分詞通常由動(dòng)詞原形加-ed構(gòu)成。此外還有少數(shù)不規(guī)則形式,有的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞有兩種形式。有些現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法著作把過去分詞稱為-ed分詞(-edPaticiple)2.過去分詞與其它非限定詞一樣,都沒有時(shí)的特征,所不同的是,它形式單一,沒有體與語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。3.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成意義,不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示主動(dòng)和完成意義。第2頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月II.過去分詞的在句中的用法1.過去分詞(短語(yǔ))表語(yǔ)1.1過去分詞(短語(yǔ))作表語(yǔ)時(shí),其作用相當(dāng)于adj.,說明的是主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)Allthewindowsarebroken.Allhopeisgone.Thisarticleiswellwritten.Heappearedmoresatisfiedwithmywork.(1)有許多過去分詞已經(jīng)完全形容化了,它可以被very等副詞修飾,可以有比較級(jí)等級(jí)形式,這類過去分詞常見的有:amazed,bored,disappointed,disturbed,embarrassed,excited,frightened,interested,limited,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。第3頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月(2)有的過去分詞可以被副詞well修飾,如:built,cooked,done,dressed,known,organized,prepared,written等。(3)其它副詞也可以修飾過去分詞,如:deeplymoved,greatlyindebted,highlydeveloped等。1.2由過去分詞構(gòu)成的合成形容詞也可以作表語(yǔ)Theyarewell-behavedandwell-spoken.1.3過去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),其后可以接介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)及that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句Heisverymuchopposedtoyourplan.Themotherwaspleasedtohearfromherson.I’msatisfiedthatyoudidn’ttellmealie.第4頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月1.4“be+過去分詞”有可能是一個(gè)系表結(jié)構(gòu),也有可能是一個(gè)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的差別是:(1)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表動(dòng)作,而系表結(jié)構(gòu)表狀態(tài)。(2)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)之后可以接by+動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,系表結(jié)構(gòu)則不行。(3)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去詞可以被well,very,much,quite等副詞修飾,而被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中過去分詞則不能。(4)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞往往具有固定的介詞搭配。Whyistheglassbroken?Bywhomistheglassbroken?(系表結(jié)構(gòu))(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))Itiscoveredwiththickiceanddeepsnow.Yourtableshouldbecoveredbyawhitecloth.(系表結(jié)構(gòu))(被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu))第5頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月1.5注意:
過去分詞和–ing分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別:
過去分詞作表語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或感受,而-ing分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征,如:
Hearingthenews,wefeltverysurprised.
聽到那個(gè)消息,我們感到很驚訝
Thenewsisverysurprising.
這個(gè)消息很令人驚訝。
Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他們聽到那可怕的聲音很害怕。
Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremovedtotears.
看到這么動(dòng)人的情景,所有在場(chǎng)的人都感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。
第6頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月2.摸底測(cè)驗(yàn)Thepainterlookedso______(tire)afterworkingforawholeday.Iwas_____________(disappoint)withthefilmIsawlastnight.Ihadexpectedittobebetter.Everybodyisreally_______(excite)aboutthenewOlympicstadiums.Hiswoundbecame________(infect)withanewvirus.tireddisappointedexcitedinfected小試牛刀第7頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月1.過去分詞知多少驚恐的人們預(yù)留的座位被污染的水擁擠的教室打碎的花瓶關(guān)了的門疲憊的觀眾terrified/astonishedpeoplereservedseatspollutedwateracrowdedroomabrokenvaseacloseddoorthetiredaudience第8頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月III.過去分詞作定語(yǔ)1.單個(gè)過去分詞作定語(yǔ),通常前置a.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,具有被動(dòng)和完成的意義。abrokencupawoundedsoldieranunexpectedguesttheexcitedcrowdb.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,具有主動(dòng)和完成意義。agrownwomanaretiredofficerC.合成的過去分詞amuch-neededreformstate-ownedenterprises第9頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月2.過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ):通常后置,其作用相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句。aletterwritteninpencilthebookrecommendedbyJackthemachinesproducedlastyearThissubstance,discoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmachine.=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJack=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear=Thissubstance,whichwasdiscoveredalmostbyaccident,hasrevolutionizedmachine.第10頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月
A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA解析
①過去分詞做定語(yǔ):表被動(dòng),表完成。②現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ):表主動(dòng),表進(jìn)行。③不定式作定語(yǔ):表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.區(qū)別1第11頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月FallingleavesFallenleavesDisappointingnewsDisappointedpeopleExcitingstoryExcitedpeopleTiredpeople/I’mtiredTiringfilm正在飄的落葉已經(jīng)落在地上的落葉令人失望的消息感到失望的人們激動(dòng)人心的故事(感到)激動(dòng)的人們累了的人/我感到累了(使人覺得)無聊的電影區(qū)別2第12頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月FallingleavesFallenleaves區(qū)別2第13頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月Exercises:1.Welivedinthehouse__________________(我舅舅們修建的).2.Anymedicine________(服用)withouttheadviceofadoctorcancausetrouble.3.Wespenttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__________________(她制定的).4._____________(開水)
5.________________(一個(gè)破碎的茶杯)6.three____________________(受傷的士兵)builtbymyunclestakenmadebyherboiledwaterabrokencupwoundedsoldiers第14頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月Exercises:
1.Mostofthepeople___________________(被邀請(qǐng)參加宴會(huì)的)werefamousscientists.2.Lessons_____________(易學(xué)的)aresoonforgotten.**_____________(易學(xué)的)lessonsaresoonforgotten.3.Thecomputercenter_________________(開辦)lastweekispopularwiththestudents.invitedtothepartylearnedeasilyopened/startedEasily-learned第15頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月ExercisesDon’tusewords,expressions,orphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.knownAswejoinedthebigcrowd,Igot____frommyfriendsA.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedCleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget___bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayTheOlympicGames,____in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplayingDACC第16頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun6.Thetelevisionisa___machine.A.newly-inventedB.new-inventedC.newly-inventD.newly-invention7.___Englishisdifferentfrom____Englishinmanyways.A.Spoken,writtenB.Speaking,writtenC.Spoken,writingD.Speak,writeDAA第17頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月8.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe______.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars9.Pricesofdailygoods___throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying10.MrSmith,____ofthe___speech,startedtoreadanovel.A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boringDBA第18頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月11.Therewasaterriblenoise_____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowedMostofthepeople____tothepartywerefamousscientists.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited13.Thecomputercenter,_____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.openedBAD第19頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月14.Thisnewssounds_____.A.encouragingB.encouragedC.encourageD.toencourage15.---HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?---well,hisfatherseems____withhisresult.A.pleasingB.pleaseC.pleasedD.toplease16.---Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?---Theygotvery____.A.exciteB.excitedC.excitedlyD.exciting
ACB第20頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月17.The___lookonMissWhite’sfacetoldusthatshewas____greattrouble.A.worrying;inB.worried;inC.worrying;withD.worried;with18.Though___tostop,the___speakerkeptontalkingatthemeeting.A.beingtold;excitingB.tobetold;excitingC.told;excitedD.telling;excited19.Theautumnwindsentthe___leavesontheground___hereandthere.A.fallen;flyingB.falling;toflyC.fallen;flownD.falling;flewBCAsend…doing使…成為第21頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月20.Theaudience,greatly___byhisspeech,allvoicedsupportforthesuggestion.A.movedB.tobemovedC.movingD.beingmoved21.TheyellowRiver,___tobe“themotherriver”,runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.A.sayingB.tosayC.saidD.beingsaid22.---Whogaveyouthismessage?---Aman___himselfMrZhang.A.calledB.callingC.callsD.iscalledACB第22頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月23.Theeducationsystemratherthantheteachers___toanswerfortheoverburdenonthestudents.---Iagree.Ihopethereformbeingcarriedoutinourcountryatpresentwillbringaboutthe___result.A.are;desiredB.is;desiredC.are;desiringD.is;desiring24.---Shallwegoswimming?---OK.I’lljustgoandget____.A.tochangeB.changedC.bechangedD.changingBBgetchanged換衣服第23頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月25.Thedooroftheshopremained___,thoughitwasteno’clockam.A.openedB.openingC.lockedD.locking26.Mymotherwas___toseethework__soearly.A.astonishing;finishedB.astonished;finishingC.astonished;finishedD.astonishing;finishing27.Iadvise___early,butIdon’tadviseyou___that,sinceyoulackmuchsleep.A.gettingup;todoB.togetup;doingC.togetup;todoD.gettingup;doingCCA第24頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)過去分詞常表示動(dòng)作的完成、狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的全過程。賓語(yǔ)與過去分詞在邏輯上常存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系。不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)沒有被動(dòng)意味,只表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)。WhenIreturnedthere,Ifoundthebaggone.Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.第25頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月過去分詞(短語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)過去分詞(短語(yǔ))可以在有些動(dòng)詞所帶的復(fù)合中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)為過去分詞(短語(yǔ))的邏輯主語(yǔ)。過去分詞(短語(yǔ))作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)有以下幾種情況。1.在感觀動(dòng)詞feel,hear和see之后,如:Iheardmynamecalled.Hefelthimselfcheated.Isawhiseyesfixedonmeincuriosity.2.在有些可跟帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞之后,這類動(dòng)詞有:can’tbear,hate,like,love,need,prefer,want,wish等,如:Ican’tbearmysteakovercooked,andwantitunderdone.我受不了牛排做得太熟,我想要它做得嫩。第26頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月Heneedshiscoatmended.Katewouldlikeherroompaintedwhite.Iprefereggsboiled.Wewishyourworkfinishedquickly.3.在有些可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞后,這類詞有:discover,find,keep,leave,show等,如:Idiscovered/foundtheplacedeserted.Thephotographshowedthedogtiedtoapost.Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsfirmlyfastened?第27頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月4.在使役動(dòng)詞get,have和make后,如:Ishallmakemyviewsknowntoeverybody.have和get帶過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)含義與帶現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)相似:have和get有時(shí)表示有意識(shí)的行為,作“使”解,但動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不一定是句子的主語(yǔ),如句(1);有時(shí)表示句子主語(yǔ)無意識(shí)的行為,作“經(jīng)歷”或“遭遇”解,如句(2);won’thave表示句子的主語(yǔ)不允許某種情況發(fā)生,如句(3):Hehad/gothiscarserviced.Hehad/gothiscarstolen.Iwon’thavemysonlaughedat.他(找人)檢修了他的車。他的汽車被人偷了。我不允許我的兒子被嘲笑。第28頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),通常表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系,即賓補(bǔ)所表示的動(dòng)作通常中賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出來的。現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),它仍表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行或持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,但賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。第29頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月Isawaboycryingthere.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Isawthechildbeingbeatenbyhisfather.Ioftenwatchedtheshipbeingloaded.第30頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月用所給單詞的正確形式填空1Whathehadsaidmademe_________(surprise)2Myglassesarebroken.I’llhavetogetthem________.(repair)3Thedoctorwarnedhim_________foodaftertheoperation.(noteat)surprisedrepairednottoeat第31頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月4Idon’twantanybadwords____(say)abouthimbehindhisback.5Pleasegetthework______(do)assoonaspossible.6I’llhavethematerials____(send)toyounextMondaymorning.7Shewon’thaveherlongandbeautifulhair____(cut)short.
said
done
sent
cut第32頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月8Youshouldmakeyourvoice_____(hear).9Iwantyoutokeepme_________(inform)ofhowthingsaregoingwithyou.10Thepriceisfinewithme.Howwouldyoulikeit_____(pay)?11AtlastIsucceededinmakingmyself__________(understand).
heard
informed
paid
understood第33頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月Matchthetwopartstomakesentences.第34頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月1.Theywokeup,findingeverythingaroundchanging.2.Thegateremainedlockingandwehadtowaitoutside.3.You’llseemanyproblemstobesettledinthisway.4.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandsbeingtiedbehindhisback.changedsettledlocked改錯(cuò)tied第35頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月Exercises:Ifyouwant___immediately,youhavetogiveussomemoneyinadvance.A.thattheworkbedoneB.theworkdoneC.tohavedonethejobD.thejobthatisdone2.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman___anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.A.installB.toinstallC.tobeinstalledD.installed3.Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertisingBABinstallsth.insth.安裝第36頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月4.IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAltanticOceaninfiveyears.A.sailB.sailingC.tosailD.tohavesailed5.Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair____againstyourface.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomove6.Don’tgetyourschedule_____;staywithusinthisclass.A.tochangeB.changingC.changedD.changeBBC第37頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)高考題點(diǎn)擊:
7.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.(95N)A.notto B.nottodo C.nottoit D.donottoA為了避免重復(fù),常用省略形式to來代替前面的動(dòng)作。如:Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?Yes,I’dliketo.有些動(dòng)詞后面需要用不定式作賓補(bǔ),除tell外,常見的還有:advise
allow
cause
consider
encourage
forbid
force
intend
order
permit
persuade
remind
request
require
urgewarnaskwishwant等特別注意:
hope,agree,demand,suggest等沒有賓補(bǔ)。第38頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月8Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.(95N)A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning9Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_____.(99上海)A.haveitdo B.haveitdone C.havedoneit D.havingitdone使役動(dòng)詞make/have/letsb.dosth.但改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后,則應(yīng)為:bemade/lettodo。注意其它不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。此句中的it指代的是acomputer,what在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ),表示“人們讓計(jì)算機(jī)所做的事“應(yīng)該用…peoplehaveacomputerdo…這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是have的幾個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu):havesb./sth.do…;havesb./sth.done…;havesb./sth.doing…;havesb./sth.todoBA第39頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)可表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、方式、和伴隨情況。在過去分詞(短語(yǔ))前可帶有從屬連詞when,until,if,unless,though,as,asif等。在表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步和方式時(shí),過去分詞(短語(yǔ))通??赊D(zhuǎn)換為應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句;在表示伴隨情況時(shí),通常可轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)成分或并列句中的一個(gè)從句。第40頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Toldofhismother’saccident,Jackimmediatelyphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.Whenaskedtospeak,hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice.2.作原因狀語(yǔ)Coveredwithconfusion,herefusedtoeat.Caughtintherain,hehadafever.神志迷亂第41頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月3.作條件狀語(yǔ)Consideredfromthispoint,thequestionwillbeofgreatimportance.Cleared,thissitewouldbeveryvaluable.Thehousewilllookbiggerifpaintedwhite.Shewillgladlycometoyourhouseifinvited.4.作讓步狀語(yǔ)Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonwalking.Eventhoughgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnotcooperatewithyou.第42頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月5.作方式狀語(yǔ)Iamreturningyourletterasrequested.Hewaswalkingwithalimpasifinjured.Theladstartedoutofbed,asifawakenedfromsomedream.6.作伴隨狀語(yǔ)Marycameoutoftheroom,followedbyherdog.Acrowdrushedin,armedwithsticks.Hewasgazingintothedistance,fascinatedbythebeautifuleveningglow.=and(she)wasfollowedbyherdog.使迷惑第43頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別過去分詞只有一種形式,不像現(xiàn)在分詞那樣具有語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化形式?,F(xiàn)在分詞的一般形式表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行意義,而及物云動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成意義,不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞表示主動(dòng)和完成意義。Ifoundthemwateringflowers.Ifoundtheflowerswatered.=Ifoundthattheywerewateringflowers.=Ifoundthattheflowershadbeenwatered.fallingleavesfallenleaves=leaveswhichwere/arefalling.=leaveswhichhave/hadfallen.第44頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月(3)兩者所擔(dān)任的句子成分基本相同,但過去分詞不能像現(xiàn)在分詞那樣作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。第45頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月(4)havingbeendone與done之區(qū)別Permitted,hewouldhavesucceededindoingthat.
討論:此句為什么不用havingbeenpermitted?本句的句意是“如果當(dāng)時(shí)他被允許(做這件事)的話,他本會(huì)成功的”過去分詞做狀語(yǔ)可以表示條件,與if+done可以互換。而現(xiàn)在分詞中的完成被動(dòng)式不可以,它只可以表示完成被動(dòng),而且只有非謂語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)是很鮮明的先后關(guān)系時(shí)才可以用,如:Havingbeenfinished,hishomeworkwassenttohisteachertobecorrected.
如果非謂語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)是一般的先后關(guān)系的話,直接用過去分詞即可。如:Guidedbytheguide,hefoundtheplaceeasily.Scoldedbytheteacher,hefeltverydepressed.第46頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月關(guān)于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的邏輯主語(yǔ)1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)往往就是句子的主語(yǔ).
eg:①.InordertopasstheEnglishexamination,_____.A.Myfatherboughtmeadictionary.B.IoftengetupearlytoreadEnglish.C.Theimportantthingistomakefulluseoftime.D.Itisnotenoughtorememberthenewwords.②.____fromthetopofthehill,thecitylookssobeautiful.A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen③.HesentmeanE-mail,____togetfurtherinformation.A.hopedB.hopingC.hopeD.tohope
第47頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月2.分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)時(shí),可以帶有自己的主語(yǔ)---名詞/代詞+分詞(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)),有時(shí)前面還可以加介詞with構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu).
Eg:Weatherpermitting,we’llgooutforapicnictomorrow.
Thehomeworkfinished,theboywenthome.Withsomanypeoplelookingather,shefeltnervous.3.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句中主語(yǔ)不一致的常見情況:
①.Generally/Strictly/Franklyspeaking,Judgingfrom…,Considering…,Allowingfor…(考慮到),Counting…(算上),Supposing…(假定),Talking/Thinkingof…(談到)
用過去分詞的情況:Given…(鑒于),Takenasawhole(總之).Eg:____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.A.GiveB.GivingC.GivenD.Togive第48頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月②被動(dòng)句中,分詞常與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者形成邏輯關(guān)系.Theideacanbeexpressedusingasimplesentence.③當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)為前面整個(gè)句子時(shí).如:Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,makingitthemostpopularsportintheworld.④It作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)通常是句子中所描述的主要對(duì)象.
Havingsufferedsuchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.第49頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月Practise1).When_______(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_______(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If________(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.
heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking第50頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月Fillintheblanks
1)___________(frighten)bynoisesinthenight,thegirlnolongerdaretosleepinherroom.2)Theladyreturnedhome,__________(follow)bytwopolicemen.3)If__________(trap)inaburningbuilding,youshouldsendforhelp.4)Although______(shoot)intheleg,hecontinuedfiringatthepolice.5)Ilikereadingthenovels________(write)byZhangAiling.Frightenedfollowedtrappedshotwritten第51頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月6)Thegirl______(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.7)ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_______(repair).8)Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse______(paint)white.9)Therewasa________(surprise)lookonhisface.10)Hewas______(excite)atthegoodnews.11)Thestorywasso______(move)thathewas______(move)totears.writingrepairedpaintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmoved第52頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月
1._____areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived
2.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid___tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing3.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.HavinggivenCAA第53頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月
5.Themurderwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhishands.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied6.The___morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,___byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followedD.followed;following
DC第54頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月
7.__hisheadhigh,themanagerwalkedintotheroomtoattendthemeeting___then.A.Holding;beingheldB.Held;holdingC.Havingheld;heldD.Held;tobeheld8.____buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.A.ToldmanytimesB.HavingbeentoldmanytimesC.HehasbeentoldmanytimesD.Thoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes9.___betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshinningbrightlyintheskyand___themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;givingACD第55頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月Thekey______,shewentthroughherhandbagcarefully.A.hadn’tbeenfoundB.havingnotbeenfoundC.nothavingbeenfoundD.wasn’tfound試題分析:
選項(xiàng)A、D均為謂語(yǔ)形式,選擇其中的任何一項(xiàng)前半部便成為一個(gè)分句,與后面的分句必須使用連詞。以表示前后分句的邏輯關(guān)系,因此全部排除。選項(xiàng)B是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式,凡非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式,not必須加在最前面,因此也應(yīng)排除。nothavingbeenfound同其邏輯主語(yǔ)thekey構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),作原因狀語(yǔ)。本試題中句子的主語(yǔ)she不能充當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)。C第56頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月______youshouldhavenotroublewiththedifficultwork.A.KnowingthisB.IfyouareknowingthisC.FromknowingthisD.Ifyouhaveknowingthis試題分析:分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)一般都可以轉(zhuǎn)換為狀語(yǔ)從句。本試題的選項(xiàng)B、D作為條件狀語(yǔ)從句,時(shí)態(tài)不正確,應(yīng)該排除。選項(xiàng)A的knowingthis的邏輯主語(yǔ)同句子的主語(yǔ)一致,符合要求,為正確答案。A第57頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月Writteninahurry,______________.Howcanitbesatisfactory?(2001年廣州市綜合測(cè)試一)A.theyfoundmanymistakesinthereportB.SammadelotsofmistakesinthereportC.thereareplentyofmistakesinthereportD.thereportisfullofmistakes試題分析:這時(shí)一道非常典型的試題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為完整的句子,初看起來似乎不容易領(lǐng)悟試題的意圖。其實(shí),本題的意圖仍然是考察分詞作狀語(yǔ)的知識(shí)。抓住試題意圖就容易產(chǎn)生正確的思路——哪個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)能夠同過去分詞written的邏輯主語(yǔ)一致。沿著這個(gè)思路向前走,不難想到thereportwaswritteninahurry,試題的答案不言自明。D第58頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月1).---Mum,whydoyoualwaysmakemeeataneggeveryday?---_______enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.(99上海)A.Get B.Getting C.Toget D.Tobegetting2).Inordertomakeourcitygreen,________.(02上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretrees D.wemustplantmoretreesCD第59頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月3)._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季)A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven4).HesentmeanE-mail,_____togetfurtherinformation.(00上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohope D.hope
given作狀語(yǔ)意為“考慮到”,意思相當(dāng)于considering。注意hoping為伴隨狀語(yǔ)而非目的狀語(yǔ),真正的目的是后面的toget…。BA第60頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別
1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_________itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)
A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake
2).Hehurriedtothestationonly________thatthetrainhadleft.(2005廣東)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound
現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)往往表示“正常出現(xiàn)的、自然而然的或意料之中”的結(jié)果。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一種結(jié)果
AA第61頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月1)._____thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making2).Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totoldC.toldD.telling3).Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedCAD第62頁(yè),共71頁(yè),星期六,2024年,5月4).______intouseinApril2002,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.A.PutB.PuttingC.HavingputD.Beingput5)._______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australi
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