2023-2024學(xué)年江蘇省南京市江寧區(qū)高一（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2023-2024學(xué)年江蘇省南京市江寧區(qū)高一（下）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解：本大題共15小題，共37.5分。ATherearefourhealthyandtastyrecipes（食譜）thatyoucaneasilyprepareathome.

Lemonpudding

Ifyouwanttostartyourdaywithabrightsmile，thiscreamy，sweetandspicyrecipewillsurelyworkforyou.Itperfectlycombinesthegreattasteoflemonandhoney.Withtheeaseofpreparationofthefood，greattasteandmanyhealthbenefits，thisisagreatdessertaddedtoyourbreakfastmenu.

Curried（咖喱）chickensoup

Forthisrecipe，yourchickenwillbecookedinsweet-smellingsoupwithbutterandsweetpotatoes.Tomakethesoup，youwillneedcurrypowder，tomatoes，chicken，redwine，butter，andmilk.Letyourselfenjoythisgratefulmealasarewardforthelonghoursoftiringwork.

Orangecarrotsmoothie（奶昔）

Prepareyourselfahealthydrinktostartyourday.Orangecarrotsmoothieisaneasy-to-preparerecipethatwillgiveyouacreamyandcoldsmoothiethatwillleaveawonderfultaste，whichwillmakeyouaskformore.Withthegreatorangetaste，yourdayissuretobemade.Thecarrotflavoralsoperfectlyaddsthemixofvegetablesweetnessforaone-of-a-kindandtastybreakfastdrink.

Boiledeggtoastwithbutter

Ifyoulovesimpleflavor-packedandhealthymeals，thistoastisjusttheone.Makeyoureggtoasttothenextlevelthroughaddingbutter.Thisrecipewillcombineagreatflavorcombinationthatwillsurelysatisfyyou.Witheatingsomeforyourbreakfast，lunchorevenforyourdinner，eatinghasneverbeenaswellasitiswiththistoast.1.Whatdoweknowaboutlemonpudding？______A.Itmakesyousmilethewholeday.

B.Ithasthetasteoflemonandhoney.

C.Itishardtoprepareathome.

D.Itisagreatadditiontoyoursuppermenu.2.Ofthefollowingrecipes，whichisthebestchoiceaftertiringwork？______A.Lemonpudding. B.Orangecarrotsmoothie.

C.Curriedchickensoup. D.Boiledeggtoastwithbutter.3.Whatisspecialaboutboiledeggtoastwithbutter？______A.Itincludessomebutter. B.Itissimpleandhealthy.

C.Itbenefitsourhealth. D.Itissuitablefor3mealsaday.BWhenawomanwastalkativewhilecheckingoutataDollarGeneral，hercashier，EmilyDuneandidn'tthinkmuchofit.Butshestayedattentiveasthe85-year-oldtoldheraboutherself.Amanbehindherinlinenoticedwhatwashappening，too.

GeraldSwindlewasinahurrytogohuntingthatdayandwasabitannoyedwithhowlongtheirconversationwasgoing.ButasGeraldwaitedforhisturn，hisattitudebegantochange.Notonlydidheconcludethathuntingwasn'tmoreimportantthantheirconversation，butfoundhimselfcaptivatedbywhattheelderlywomansaidoncehestoppedtolisten.

"Youwerepatientwiththislady，"Geraldlatersaidinavideorecallingwhathadhappened."Youdidnothingbutfollowedherconversation，listeningtoeverywordshesaid，andneverrushingher."

Headded，"Youshowedmewhatpeopleoughttobe.Sometimesitmightbetheonlypersontheytalktothisweek.YouinspiredmeandsometimesIneedthat，soIappreciateit."

Sincepostingthevideoonline，it'sbecomepopularwithnearly2millionviews!

"Ineverexpectedthistocomeaboutbecauseitwasjustaregulardayforme.Iwasjustdoingmyjob，"Emilysaid.

AsthecommentsectionquicklyfilledwithotherssharinghowinspiredtheyfeltbyEmily'skindness，higher-upsatDollarGeneralheardofthestory.Oneday，membersfromthecompany'sleadershipteamshoweduptoherstoreandpresentedherwithflower，anda﹩1，000donationtoalocalelementaryschool.

Bestofall，thatelderlywomanhassincecomebacktothestoreseveraltimes，andthetwoofthemarebecomingquiteclose."WhatI'velearnedissoamazing—youcanhaveaneffectonpeoplejustbybeingyourself，workingattheDollarGeneral，"shesaid.4.HowdidGeraldactatthetalkbetweenEmilyandthecustomeratfirst？______A.Helistenedwithfullattention.

B.Hefocusedonhisownhunting.

C.Hefeltluckytobenottalkative.

D.Hefeltdisturbedatthelongtalk.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"captivated"meaninParagraph2？______A.Stuck. B.Angered. C.Inspired. D.Attracted.6.Whatwasthepostabout？______A.WhatpatienceEmilyshowedtothecustomer.

B.WhyDollarGeneralbecamepopularonline.

C.HowGeralddealtwiththecustomerattentively.

D.HowEmilywaspraisedbyhercompanyleader.7.WhatdidEmilylearnfromthestory？______A.Caringfortheoldcanbringbenefittous.

B.Listeningtopeopleisaskilltobemastered.

C.It'ssometimeseasytoinfluenceotherpeople.

D.Beingacashierisagoodwayforconnection.CIt'sapopularbeliefthatafish'smemorylastsforonlysevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydon'trememberwhatthey'veeatenorwherethey'vebeen，andtheydon'trecognizeyouoranyoftheirfriends─everymomentintheirlifewouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttime.

Butdon'tbesoquicktofeelsorryforthem.Anewstudyhasfoundthatfishhaveamuchbettermemorythanweusedtothink.Infact，certainspeciesoffishcanevenremembereventsfromaslongas12daysago.

Inthestudy，researchersfromMacEwanUniversityinCanadatrainedakindoffishcalledAfricancichlidstogotoacertainareaoftheirtanktogetfood.Theythenwaitedfor12daysbeforeputtingthembackinthetankagain.

Researchersusedcomputersoftwaretomonitorthefish'smovements.Theyfoundthataftersuchalongbreakthefishstillwenttothesameplacewheretheyfirstgotfood.Thissuggestedthattheycouldremembertheirpastexperiences.

Infact，scientistshadbeenthinkingforalongtimethatAfricancichlidsmighthaveagoodmemory.Anearlierstudyshowedthattheybehavedaggressivelyinfrontofcertainfish，perhapsbecausetheyrememberedtheirpast"fights".Butuntilthelatestfindings，therewasnoclearevidence.

Justasagoodmemorycanmakeourliveseasier，italsoplaysanimportantpartwhenafishistryingtosurviveinthewild.

"Iffishareabletorememberthatacertainareacontainssafefood，theywillbeabletogobacktothatareawithoutputtingtheirlivesatrisks，"leadresearcherTrevorHamiltontoldLiveScience.

Foralongtime，fishwereplacedfarbelowchimpanzees，dolphinsandmiceonthelistofsmartanimals.Butthisstudyhasgivenscientistsanewunderstandingoftheirintelligence.8.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout？______A.Fishhavingverybadmemories.

B.Whatwecanlearnfromfish.

C.Howfishimprovetheirmemory.

D.Fishbeingsmarterthanwethought.9.Accordingtothearticle，peopleusedtobelievethat______.A.fishdidn'trecognizeanyoftheirfriends

B.afish'smemorylastedforonlysevenminutes

C.fishcouldrememberthingsthathappened12daysago

D.fishcouldonlyrememberpartoftheirpastexperiences10.Fishcanbenefitmostfromagoodmemorybyremembering______.A.theirenemiesandfight B.wheretogetfoodandsurvive

C.wheretoescapetowhenindanger D.theirfriendsandhelpeachother11.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage？______A.Africancichlidscanrememberthingsfor12days.

B.Africancichlidsalwaystreatotherfishaggressively.

C.Africancichlidsdon'tbelongtothelistofsmartanimals.

D.Fishdon'thaveagoodmemoryexceptAfricancichlids.DHaveyoueverfoundthatyouwereabletosleepbetterwithanairconditionerorfanrunningorperhapswiththesoundofrainfallingoutside？Ifso，thenyou'realreadyfamiliarwithwhitenoise.

Whitenoisereferstoanoisethathasamixtureofalltheaudible（聽得見的）frequenciesthatthehumanearcandetect.Itisacombinationofallthefrequenciesofsoundplayedatonce.Itcancoverthesoundsofothernoisesbecauseofitsvariousfrequencies，leadingmanypeopletoexperienceitscalmingeffects.

Studieshavethatlisteningtowhitenoisepositivelyfoundaffectssleep.Forexample，peoplelivinginahigh-noiseareaofNewYorkCityfellasleepfasterandspentmoreoftheirtimeinbedasleepwhilelisteningtowhitenoise.Inanotherstudy，listeningtowhitenoisethroughheadphonesimprovedsleepqualityforseriouslyillpatientsinaloudhospitalroom.However，moreresearchisneededtoconfirmwhetherthecharacteristicsofwhitenoiseitselfimprovesleeporwhetherthesoundprimarilyhelpsbycoveringbackgroundnoise.However，arecentanalysisofmultiplestudieslookingatwhitenoise'seffectonsleephasproducedmixedresults.Theresearchersaredoubtfulaboutthequalityofexistingevidenceandconcludethatfurtherresearchisnecessaryinordertowidelyrecommendwhitenoiseasasleepaid.Theyalsonotethatinsomeinstances，whitenoisecandisturbaperson'ssleepandmayaffecttheirhearing.

Despitethat，researchersarestilloptimisticthatthesteadyhumofwhitenoisemightreduceasleeper'ssensitivitytounpredictablenoisesfromtheenvironment，suchastransportationsoundslikecarsandplanes，whichareconsideredamajorcontributortopoorsleep.12.Whydoeswhitenoisehavecalmingeffects？______A.Itcanabsorbothernoises.

B.Itcanhelppeoplesleepbetter.

C.Itcanbedetectedbyhumanears.

D.Itcancoverthesoundsofothernoises.13.Howdoestheauthorexplainthebenefitsofwhitenoise？______A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bytellingstories.

C.Byaskingquestions. D.Bymakingcomparisons.14.Whichstatementmayresearchersagreewithaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs？______A.Whitenoiseshouldbestronglyrecommendedasasleepaid.

B.Harmfuleffectsofwhitenoisehavebecomeamajorconcern.

C.Poorsleepwillmakepeoplesensitivetotheunpredictablenoises.

D.Moreresearchesareneededtoconfirmtheeffectofwhitenoiseonsleep.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletileforthetext？______A.HowDoesWhiteNoiseWork

B.IsWhiteNoiseHarmfulinAnyWay

C.DoesWhiteNoiseHelpYouSleep

D.WhatAretheBenefitsofWhiteNoise二、閱讀七選五：本大題共5小題，共12.5分。Sometimesdealingwithyournegativeemotionscanbechallenging.Whenlifeisstressful，it'sveryeasytogiveintofeelingsofangerordepression.（1）______Herearesomewaysthatcanhelpyoubetterdealwithawiderangeofnegativeemotions.

Acknowledgeyourfeelings.

Dealingwithnegativeemotionscanbedifficult.Butit'simportanttoallowyourselftoexperiencethoseemotions，assuppressing（抑制）themcancausestress.（2）______.Forexample，ifyouarefeelingnervous，askyourself，"WhatamIafraidof？"Acknowledgingtheissuecanhelpyoufigureouthowtohandleit.

（3）______

Smallchangescanhaveabigimpactonyouremotionalhealth.Trychangingyourspacetomakeitamorecalmingplace.Forexample，ifyournegativeemotionsarisefromfeelingoutofcontrol，tryorganizingyourspace.Clearingupthemesscanmakeyoufeelontopofthings.

?Shiftyourfocusawayfromthebadthing.

Whenyouknowthatsomethingiscausinganegativeemotion，trytoshiftyourfocusawayfromthatsituation.Forexample，ifyouarestuckinatrafficjamandrunninglate，shiftyourfocusfromthetraffictolisteningtoyourfavoriteCD.（4）______

Talkaboutyourfeelings.

Talkingaboutyournegativeemotionsisveryproductive.Trytalkingtoyourfriendsorfamilymembers.Itisagoodideatoletyourlovedonesknowyourfeelings.Trysaying，"I'vebeenreallystressedoutlately.Doyouhavetimetotalkthingsthroughwithme？"Becalmandreasonablewhileyouaretalking.（5）______，butdosowithoutshouting.

A.It'sfinetoexpressangerorfrustration

B.Haveatrytochangeyourenvironment

C.It'scommontobefilledwithnegativeemotions

D.Youdon'thavetospendtoomucheffortonthem

E.Focusingonsomethingpositivecanhelpcalmyoudown

F.Whenyouexperienceanegativeemotion，acknowledgeit

G.However，youwillbemoreproductiveifyoucanhandlethem16.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空：本大題共15小題，共15分。MydaughterandIwereswimminginourpoolonesummerday.Thisdaywaslikeanyoftheotherdays，soIhadnowayofknowingthatthisonewouldgodowninourfamilyhistoryasa（1）______wecherish（珍惜）andstill（2）______fromtimetotime.

Thesunwassettingandthenightwas（3）______approaching.Mydaughter（4）______itfirst—aspiderwasspinningherwebatthebottomofthefreshlypaintedbluefencethat（5）______ourpool.Itsurprisedmethatshesawthis，anditsurprisedmeevenmorethatshewasn't（6）______ofthespider.

Instead，she（7）______watchedasthespiderbusiedherselfinthecycleoflife.Aswebothwatchedthiswonderofnature，averysimplethought（8）______me.Ihadlostthetrackof（9）______.Ihonestlydidn'tknowhowlongwehadbeenjuststayingthereand（10）______thatspidermakingherweb.But，regardlessofwhateveramountoftimehadpassed，thetruthwasthatwewere（11）______havingfun.

Whatwehaddonewastospendtimetogetherand（12）______thesimplethingsinlife.Wetalkedabouthowpreciousour（13）______amountoftimeisonthisplanetandhowweshould（14）______toenjoythesimplethingsinlifeliketheflightofabird.Thesimplethingsarethe（15）______thingsinlife，evenwhentheyincludespidersandwebs.21.A.memory B.freedom C.response D.conflict22.A.hearof B.talkabout C.argueabout D.complainof23.A.cautiously B.incredibly C.directly D.quickly24.A.remembered B.imagined C.watched D.noticed25.A.constructed B.decorated C.surrounded D.reached26.A.tired B.afraid C.content D.fond27.A.originally B.anxiously C.typically D.delightfully28.A.knocked B.moved C.hit D.hurt29.A.event B.data C.spider D.time30.A.windingup B.pickingup C.pointingat D.staringat31.A.normally B.simply C.slightly D.independently32.A.do B.appreciate C.handle D.discuss33.A.limited B.former C.extra D.distant34.A.forget B.want C.stop D.choose35.A.unusual B.best C.easiest D.rare四、語法填空：本大題共1小題，共15分。36.Chang'anTower，alsoknownastheGreatWildGoosePagoda，isanarchitecturalwonder（1）______（locate）inXi'an，China.Withitsrichhistoricalsignificanceandstunningbeauty，thisancienttowerstandsasamasterpieceofChina'sculturalheritage.

（2）______（original）builtduringtheTangDynastyinthe7thcentury，Chang'anTowerservedasaBuddhistpagoda，housingBuddhistmaterials（3）______themonkXuanzangbroughtfromIndia.Itsconstruction（4）______（order）byEmperorGaozongtopromoteBuddhismandfacilitate（使…便利）thetranslationofBuddhistscriptures（佛經(jīng)）intoChinese.

Risingtoa（5）______（high）of64meters，thesquare-shaped，thirteen-storeytowershowcasesthesplendidcraftsmanshipofancientChinesecraftsmen，eachstoreyofwhichexhibitsuniquearchitecturalfeatures，（6）______（reflect）theculturalinfluencesofthetime.Visitorscangouptothetop（7）______wonderfulviewsofthecity.Surroundingthepagoda，theserenegardensandtheDaCi'enTempleoffera（8）______（peace）retreat（隱居處）aswell.

Whetheritisforexperiencingapieceofhistory（9）______exploringculturalwonders，Chang'anToweris（10）______essentialdestinationforthoseexploringChina'svasthistoricallandscape.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(dá)：本大題共2小題，共40分。37.假定下周六晚上你校將舉辦一場(chǎng)融合中西文化元素的音樂會(huì)。你是音樂社團(tuán)的負(fù)責(zé)人李華，準(zhǔn)備在本周各社團(tuán)集中時(shí)做一個(gè)活動(dòng)安排的演講，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）音樂會(huì)的具體時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)；

（2）音樂會(huì)的主要安排。

（3）歡迎大家參加。

注意：

（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)使行文流暢。

Goodafternoon，boysandgirls!

38.Asasenioreditorinafamouspress，IalwaysthinkofdaystwentyyearsbeforewhenIwas18，Ilivedwithmygrandparents，andmyparentsearnedtheirlivinginanothercity，strugglingtosupportourfamily.Ihadtakentodeliveringnewspaperstosupportmyselfandmyeducation.

Iwouldbeupeverymorningby5amandwalkfivekilometresfromwhereIlivedtothenewspaperoffice.By6am，Iwouldcollect50copieswhichmusthaveweighedoverfivekilograms.Mydeliveryrangespanned（橫跨）threekilometres.Afterdistributingthecopies，Iwouldrushhome—anotherthreekilometresaway—cookmybreakfast，andbeofftomyschool.

OneFridaymorning，Igothomeaftermydeliveries，findingAfzal，aboyfromtheneighbourhood，atmydoorstep.Afzalsaidhismotherwantedtoseeme.WhenIaskedhimwhy，Afzalsaid，"Shewilltellyou."Tiredafterwalkingaroundforover11kilometres，Iwaslookingforwardtobreakfastandsomerest.Iassumedhismotherwishedtosubscribe（定期訂購）tothenewspaper，soIfollowedhimtohishomenearby.

Awomaninher40sopenedthedoor.IlaterlearnedshewasAfzal'smother，MrsKader.Sheaskedmetosit，pulledupherchairnexttomineandgentlyasked，"Tellmeaboutyourroutine，rightfromthetimeyouwakeupinthemorning."Iwasn'tquitesurewhyshewantedtoknow，butItoldheraboutmymorningjobinafewwords.Sheaskedme，"Howmanymilesdoyouwalkeveryday？"Ireplied，"Alittlemorethan11kilometres."Myreplyshockedher.

Thenshepattedmybackandwentinside，reappearingcarryingalargeplatefulloffoodforbreakfastforme.Itwasaheartybreakfast，onethatbroughtbackmemoriesofhappydaysspentwithmyparents.Later，asIwasabouttoleaveafterthankingthem，MrsKaderaskedmetowaitandshewentinsideagain.

注意：

（1）續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

ThenMrsKaderappearedagain，withanewbicycle.

______

IbowedtoMrsKadergratefullyandleftforschool.

______

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、D【解析】（1）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Lemonpudding部分Itperfectlycombinesthegreattasteoflemonandhoney.（它完美地結(jié)合了檸檬和蜂蜜的味道）可知，檸檬布丁結(jié)合了檸檬和蜂蜜的味道。故選B項(xiàng)。

（2）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Curried（咖喱）chickensoup部分Letyourselfenjoythisgratefulmealasarewardforthelonghoursoftiringwork.（好好享受這頓大餐吧，作為對(duì)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間辛苦工作的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)）可知，咖喱雞丁湯是勞累工作后的最佳選擇。故選C項(xiàng)。

（3）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Boiledeggtoastwithbutter部分Witheatingsomeforyourbreakfast，lunchorevenforyourdinner，eatinghasneverbeenaswellasitiswiththistoast.（早餐、午餐甚至晚餐都吃黃油雞蛋吐司，用餐從來沒有像這樣讓人愜意過）可知，黃油雞蛋吐司的特別之處是一日三餐皆可食用。故選D項(xiàng)。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四種健康美味的食譜。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。4~7.【答案】D、D、A、C【解析】（1）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的GeraldSwindlewasinahurrytogohuntingthatdayandwasabitannoyedwithhowlongtheirconversationwasgoing.（GeraldSwindle那天急著去打獵，對(duì)他們的談話持續(xù)了這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間感到有些惱火。）可知，GeraldSwindle那天趕著去打獵，前面那個(gè)顧客與收銀員長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的對(duì)話讓他感覺被打擾了，故選D。

（2）D.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前的ButasGeraldwaitedforhisturn，hisattitudebegantochange.Notonlydidheconcludethathuntingwasn'tmoreimportantthantheirconversation（可是Gerald等著輪到他的時(shí)候，他的態(tài)度開始改變了。他不僅得出結(jié)論，打獵并不比他們的談話更重要）及劃線詞后hestoppedtolisten（他停下來傾聽）"可知，Gerald不僅開始傾聽這位老人對(duì)收銀員的傾訴，而且對(duì)她說的話"很感興趣"，從語境的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系判斷，劃線詞的含義是"吸引"。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)A．Stuck卡住；B．Angered生氣；C．Inspired鼓舞；D．Attracted吸引。故選D。

（3）A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容"Youwerepatientwiththislady，"Geraldlatersaidinavideorecallingwhathadhappened."Youdidnothingbutfollowedherconversation，listeningtoeverywordshesaid，andneverrushingher."（"你對(duì)這位女士很有耐心，"杰拉爾德后來在一段視頻中回憶當(dāng)時(shí)發(fā)生的事情時(shí)說。"你什么也沒做，只是跟著她說話，聽她說的每一個(gè)字，從不催她。"）可知，Gerald在一家名為DollarGeneral的商店里看到收銀員艾米麗耐心傾聽一個(gè)老年顧客的講述，Gerald把這段對(duì)話的視頻發(fā)到網(wǎng)上，所以這條視頻是關(guān)于Emily對(duì)顧客表現(xiàn)出的耐心，故選A。

（4）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"WhatI'velearnedissoamazing—youcanhaveaneffectonpeoplejustbybeingyourself，workingattheDollarGeneral，"shesaid.（她說："我學(xué)到的東西是如此的神奇——你可以通過在DollarGeneral工作，做你自己來影響別人。"）可知，Emily談到自己的感悟：有時(shí)候很容易影響別人，故選C。

本文是一篇記敘文。一家商店的收銀員耐心傾聽一位老年顧客的傾訴并與之交談，她的故事被發(fā)布到網(wǎng)上，引起人們的共鳴。

考查故事類記敘文。做題時(shí)要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。8~11.【答案】D、A、B、A【解析】（1）主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段Foralongtime，fishwereplacedfarbelowchimpanzees，dolphinsandmiceonthelistofsmartanimals.Butthisstudyhasgivenscientistsanewunderstandingoftheirintelligence.（很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，在聰明動(dòng)物的名單上，魚被遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)排在黑猩猩、海豚和老鼠之下。但這項(xiàng)研究讓科學(xué)家們對(duì)自己的智力有了新的認(rèn)識(shí)。）可知這篇文章主要是關(guān)于魚比我們想象的要聰明。故選D。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段It'sapopularbeliefthatafish'smemorylastsforonlysevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydon'trememberwhatthey'veeatenorwherethey'vebeen，andtheydon'trecognizeyouoranyoftheirfriends─everymomentintheirlifewouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttime.（人們普遍認(rèn)為魚的記憶只能持續(xù)7秒鐘。想到他們不記得自己吃過什么，去過哪里，不認(rèn)識(shí)你或他們的任何朋友，這似乎很可悲──他們生命中的每一刻都像是第一次看到這個(gè)世界。）可知人們過去認(rèn)為魚不認(rèn)識(shí)他們的任何朋友。故選A。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合倒數(shù)第三段Justasagoodmemorycanmakeourliveseasier，italsoplaysanimportantpartwhenafishistryingtosurviveinthewild.（正如好的記憶力可以讓我們的生活更輕松，當(dāng)一條魚試圖在野外生存時(shí)，它也起著重要的作用。）及倒數(shù)第二段"Iffishareabletorememberthatacertainareacontainssafefood，theywillbeabletogobacktothatareawithoutputtingtheirlivesatrisks，"leadresearcherTrevorHamiltontoldLiveScience.（首席研究員特雷弗?漢密爾頓在接受《生活科學(xué)》采訪時(shí)說："如果魚類能夠記住某個(gè)區(qū)域有安全的食物，它們就能夠回到那個(gè)區(qū)域，而不會(huì)冒生命危險(xiǎn)。"。）可知魚類從良好的記憶力中獲益最大，因?yàn)樗苡涀哪睦铽@取食物并生存下來。故選B。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Inthestudy，researchersfromMacEwanUniversityinCanadatrainedakindoffishcalledAfricancichlidstogotoacertainareaoftheirtanktogetfood.Theythenwaitedfor12daysbeforeputtingthembackinthetankagain.（在這項(xiàng)研究中，加拿大馬塞萬大學(xué)的研究人員訓(xùn)練了一種叫做非洲慈鯛的魚，讓它去水箱的某個(gè)區(qū)域覓食。然后他們等了12天才再次把它們放回水箱。）可知非洲慈鯛能記住12天的事情。故選A。

文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于魚類記憶能力的研究。傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為魚的記憶只有七秒，但加拿大麥克尤恩大學(xué)的研究顯示，非洲麗魚能記住至少12天前的事件。研究通過訓(xùn)練這種魚到特定區(qū)域覓食并監(jiān)測(cè)其行為，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們能回憶起過去的經(jīng)歷。這項(xiàng)研究改變了人們對(duì)魚類智力的看法，表明它們?cè)趧?dòng)物智能排名中應(yīng)被重新評(píng)估。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息，然后有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實(shí)際閱讀中，有時(shí)作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會(huì)"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。12~15.【答案】D、A、D、C【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Itisacombinationofallthefrequenciesofsoundplayedatonce.Itcancoverthesoundsofothernoisesbecauseofitsvariousfrequencies，leadingmanypeopletoexperienceitscalmingeffects.（它是同時(shí)播放的所有頻率的聲音的組合。由于其不同的頻率，它可以掩蓋其他噪音的聲音，使許多人體驗(yàn)到它的鎮(zhèn)靜效果。）可知白噪音有鎮(zhèn)靜作用是因?yàn)樗梢匝谏w其他聲音。故選D。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Studies

have

that

listening

to

white

noise

positively

found

affects

sleep.For

example，people

living

in

a

high-noise

area

of

New

York

City

fell

asleep

faster

and

spent

more

of

their

time

in

bed

asleep

while

listening

to

white

noise.In

another

study，listening

to

white

noise

through

headphones

improved

sleep

quality

for

seriously

ill

patients

in

a

loud

hospital

room.

（研究表明，聽白噪音對(duì)睡眠有積極的影響。例如，生活在紐約市高噪音地區(qū)的人入睡更快，并且花更多的時(shí)間在床上睡覺，同時(shí)聽白噪音。在另一項(xiàng)研究中，在嘈雜的病房里，戴著耳機(jī)聽白噪音可以改善重病患者的睡眠質(zhì)量。）可知作者通過舉例解釋白噪音的好處，A．By

giving

examples.通過舉例說明；B．By

telling

stories.通過講故事；C．By

asking

questions.通過提問；D．By

making

comparisons.通過比較。故選A。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段However，a

recent

analysis

of

multiple

studies

looking

at

white

noise's

effect

on

sleep

has

produced

mixed

results.The

researchers

are

doubtful

about

the

quality

of

existing

evidence

and

conclude

that

further

research

is

necessary

in

order

to

widely

recommend

white

noise

as

a

sleep

aid.

（然而，最近一項(xiàng)針對(duì)白噪音對(duì)睡眠影響的多項(xiàng)研究的分析得出了不同的結(jié)果。研究人員對(duì)現(xiàn)有證據(jù)的質(zhì)量表示懷疑，并得出結(jié)論，為了廣泛推薦白噪音作為助眠劑，還需要進(jìn)一步的研究。）和第五段Despite

that，researchers

are

still

optimistic

that

the

steady

hum

of

white

noise

might

reduce

a

sleeper's

sensitivity

to

unpredictable

noises

from

the

environment，such

as

transportation

sounds

like

cars

and

planes，which

are

considered

a

major

contributor

to

poor

sleep.

（盡管如此，研究人員仍然樂觀地認(rèn)為，白噪音的持續(xù)嗡嗡聲可能會(huì)降低睡眠者對(duì)環(huán)境中不可預(yù)測(cè)的噪音的敏感性，比如汽車和飛機(jī)等交通工具的聲音，這些噪音被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致睡眠質(zhì)量差的主要原因。）可推知研究人員會(huì)同意需要更多的研究來證實(shí)白噪音對(duì)睡眠的影響的觀點(diǎn)。所以"D．More

researches

are

needed

to

confirm

the

effect

of

white

noise

on

sleep.需要更多的研究來證實(shí)白噪音對(duì)睡眠的影響。"正確。故選D。

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段Studies

have

that

listening

to

white

noise

positively

found

affects

sleep.For

example，people

living

in

a

high-noise

area

of

New

York

City

fell

asleep

faster

and

spent

more

of

their

time

in

bed

asleep

while

listening

to

white

noise.In

another

study，listening

to

white

noise

through

headphones

improved

sleep

quality

for

seriously

ill

patients

in

a

loud

hospital

room.

（研究表明，聽白噪音對(duì)睡眠有積極的影響。例如，生活在紐約市高噪音地區(qū)的人入睡更快，并且花更多的時(shí)間在床上睡覺，同時(shí)聽白噪音。在另一項(xiàng)研究中，在嘈雜的病房里，戴著耳機(jī)聽白噪音可以改善重病患者的睡眠質(zhì)量。）可知文章講述白噪音（White

noise）對(duì)睡眠有積極影響，但還有待進(jìn)一步研究證明，C選項(xiàng)"Does

White

Noise

Help

You

Sleep白噪音有助于睡眠嗎？"符合文章主旨大意，適合作為標(biāo)題，故選C。

這篇短文主要講了白噪音對(duì)睡眠的影響。白噪音是指包含人耳能聽到的所有頻率的噪音，它可以掩蓋其他噪音的聲音，讓人們感受到它的鎮(zhèn)定效果。研究表明，聽白噪音可以改善睡眠質(zhì)量，比如在紐約市高噪音區(qū)居住的人在聽白噪音時(shí)入睡更快，睡眠時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。然而，對(duì)于白噪音對(duì)睡眠的影響，目前的研究結(jié)果并不一致，還需要進(jìn)一步的研究來確認(rèn)。盡管如此，研究人員仍然對(duì)白噪音能減少環(huán)境中不可預(yù)測(cè)噪音對(duì)睡眠的影響持樂觀態(tài)度。

1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。16~20.【答案】G、F、B、E、A【解析】（1）語境銜接題。根據(jù)前句Whenlifeisstressful，it'sveryeasytogiveintofeelingsofangerordepression（當(dāng)生活充滿壓力時(shí)，我們很容易憤怒或抑郁）；以及后句Herearesomewaysthatcarhelpyoubetterdealwithawiderangeofnegativeemotions（以下是能幫助你更好地處理各種負(fù)面情緒的一些方法），說明我們可以用一些方法來處理各種負(fù)面情緒，表示"然而，如果你能處理好它們，你會(huì)更有效率"的選項(xiàng)G可以和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出后句介紹的方法，符合語境。故選G。

（2）聯(lián)系下文題。。根據(jù)后句Forexample，ifyouarefeelingnervous，askyourself，"WhatamIafraidof？"Acknowledgingtheissuecanhelpyoufigureouthowtohandleit（例如，如果你感到緊張，問問自己："我害怕什么？"承認(rèn)這個(gè)問題可以幫助你找出如何處理它），可知舉例說明怎樣承認(rèn)消極情緒的存在，表示"當(dāng)你感受到消極情緒時(shí)，要承認(rèn)它的存在"的選項(xiàng)F可以和后文構(gòu)成例證關(guān)系，符合語境。故選F。

（3）主題判斷題。根據(jù)后句Smallchangescanhaveabigimpactonyouremotionalhealth.Trychangingyourspacetomakeitamorecalmingplace（微小的變化會(huì)對(duì)你的情緒健康產(chǎn)生重大影響。試著改變你的空間，讓它成為一個(gè)更平靜的地方），可知本段介紹改變環(huán)境的作用，表示"試著改變一下你的環(huán)境"的選項(xiàng)B可以作為本段的主題，符合語境，故選B。

（4）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)前句Whenyouknowthatsomethingiscausinganegativeemotion，trytoshiftyourfocusawayfromthatsituation.Forexample，ifyouarestuckinatrafficjamandrunninglate，shiftyourfocusfromthetraffictolisteningtoyourfavoriteCD（當(dāng)你知道某些事情正在引起負(fù)面情緒時(shí)，試著把注意力從這種情況上轉(zhuǎn)移開。例如，如果你遇到交通堵塞和遲到，把注意力從交通堵塞轉(zhuǎn)移到聽你最喜歡的CD上），可知總結(jié)專注于積極的事情可以幫助你平靜下來的話題，表示"專注于積極的事情可以幫助你平靜下來"的選項(xiàng)E可以承接前文，符合語境。故選E。

（5）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文butdosowithoutshouting（但不要大喊大叫），可知要平和地表達(dá)自己的負(fù)面情緒。由此判斷"表達(dá)憤怒或沮喪是可以的"的選項(xiàng)A符合語境。故選A。

這是一篇說明文。作者介紹了有助于更好地處理各種負(fù)面情緒的一些方法。

七選五閱讀是完成性閱讀，和完形填空很類似，不同的是一個(gè)選詞，一個(gè)選句子。解題時(shí)，要注意上下文語境，充分考慮信息詞（選項(xiàng)中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞），選出最符合語境的句子。21~35.【答案】A、B、D、D、C、B、D、C、D、D、B、B、A、C、B【解析】（1）考查名詞及語境理解。A．memory記憶；B．freedom自由；C.response回復(fù)；D.conflict沖突，矛盾。根據(jù)上文Thisdaywaslikeanyoftheotherdays???????可知這一天經(jīng)過去，成為了作者和女兒的記憶。故選A。

（2）考查動(dòng)詞短語及語境理解。A．hearof?聽說；B．talkabout?談?wù)?；C．a(chǎn)rgueabout?爭(zhēng)論；D．complainof?抱怨。根據(jù)下文fromtimetotime??可知是被人時(shí)不時(shí)談起。故選B。

（3）考查副詞及語境理解。A．cautiously小心地；B．incredibly難以置信地；C．directly直接地；D．quickly快地。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知太陽落山了夜晚就快來臨，故選D。

（4）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A．remembered記??；B．imagined想象；C．watched看著；D．noticed注意到。根據(jù)空后itfirst-aspiderwasspinningherweb可知是注意到了一只蜘蛛要結(jié)網(wǎng)，故選D。

（5）考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A．constructed建造；B．decorated裝飾；C．surrounded包圍；D．reached到達(dá)。根據(jù)下文ourpool?可知泳池被柵欄包圍著。故選C。

（6）考查形容詞及語境理解。A．tired疲憊的；B．a(chǎn)fraid害怕的；C．content滿意的；D．fond喜歡的。根據(jù)上文"anditsurprisedme"???可知她竟然不怕蜘蛛讓我感到吃驚。故選B。

（7）考查副詞及語境理解。A．originally最初地；B．a(chǎn)nxiously焦急地；C．typically典型地；D．de