備考2025屆高考英語一輪復習講義第一部分過透教材Unit4AdversityandCourage新人教版選擇性必修第三冊

Unit4AdversityandCourageIhappenedtoreadabouttheAntarcticexpeditioninanadvertisement.AsIwasenthusiasticandfullofvigour，Iappliedtojoinit.However，ShackletonturnedmedownbecausehethoughtIwasnotqualified.Isecretlywentaboard，hidinginacupboardbutwasdiscoveredlaterinthevoyage.Shacklelonassignedmeatask.IbegantoimaginehowIwouldbeenviedbymyfriendsafterreturning.Whatanaivemotive！Thejourneywasnoteasy.Unfortunately，ourshipwascrushedbytheiceandsankthoroughly.Havingabandonedtheship，thecrewcampedonamiserableisland，carryingonlytheessentialsupplieslikefood，stoves，clothesandblanketswithoutanypersonalbelongings.Shackletonleftustofindhelp.There，strugglingtostayalive，weusedanimalfattomakefire.Theburningfatgaveoffblacksmoke.Iwasinspiredbytheirgenuineconcernforandloyaltytoothers.FaithinShackleton’scommitmenttosaveushadhelpeduspersevereinstayingalive.UndertheguidanceofShackleton，wewererescuedatlastandfreetoenjoydecentfoodandcosybedroomsagain.1aboardadv.&prep.上（船、飛機、公共汽車等）；在（船、飛機、公共汽車等）上1.aboardabroadbroad①IusedtotravelabroadalotwithmyparentswhenIwasalittlechild.②Afterreachingthefinishline，hewavedtohisclassmateswithabroadsmile.③Theplanecrashed，killingall157passengersaboard.2.她一登上飛機，就意識到她忘了帶給姑姑的禮物?！賂hemomentshewentaboard（theplane），sherealizedthatsheforgottobringthegiftforheraunt.（aboard）→②Themomentsheboardedtheplane/shewentonboard，sherealizedthatsheforgottobringthegiftforheraunt.（board）★go/beaboard（theplane）登機/在飛機上★boardvi.&vt.上（船、火車、飛機、公共汽車等）vi.寄宿n.木板；膳食；董事會onboard在船上（或飛機上、火車上）★broadadj.寬敞的；廣泛的；概括的★abroadadv.在國外；到國外athomeandabroad在國內外2envyn.&vt.艷羨；嫉妒1.Allofthestudentsenviedhimwinning（win）thefirstprizeandsenttheircongratulations.2.Shesawtheenvious（envy）lookintheotherpeople’seyeswhenshewasassignedtothemostdecentjob.3.Theylookedwithenvyatherlatestpurchase，apreciousoldbook.點撥withenvy相當于副詞enviously。類似的還有withhappiness/joy/kindness等。4.媽媽是我的榜樣。我艷羨她在逆境中的決心和毅力。 （人物塑造）→①Mymotherismyrolemodel.Ienvyherresolutionandperseveranceeveninthefaceofadversity.（envy）→②Mymotherismyrolemodel.Iamenviousofherresolutionandperseveranceeveninthefaceofadversity.（envious）★envysb.（doing）sth.艷羨某人（做）某事★greenwithenvy眼紅的withenvy艷羨地，嫉妒地★enviousadj.艷羨的，嫉妒的beenviousof艷羨的，嫉妒的3abandonvt.舍棄，離開（leave）；放棄，停止；拋棄，遺棄；沉湎于1.Attheparty，wesang，danced，andlaughedwithwildabandon，forgettingallthetroublesinourlives. （讀后續(xù)寫之情感描寫）2.Whenwalkingintheforestinthebittercold，theycameacrossanoldabandoned（abandon）cottage.3.史蒂文沉湎于丟失了他的貓的哀痛中，禁不住哭了起來。 （讀后續(xù)寫之心情描寫）→Abandoninghimselftothesorrowoflosinghiscat，Stevenjustcouldn’thelpcrying.（分詞短語作狀語）★abandonone’shope/plan/idea放棄某人的希望/支配/想法abandononeselfto沉湎于（某種情感），陷入★withabandon放縱地，放任地★abandonedadj.被遺棄的；廢棄的；放縱的4resolvevi.確定，決心；表決vt.解決（問題或困難）n.決心；堅決的信念1.Thegovernmentrestateditsresolvetocarry（carry）outathoroughinvestigationanduncoverthetruth.點撥空前的resolve位于代詞its之后，是名詞。2.Wehaveresolvedonmaking（make）anearlystarttogoaboard.3.[人教選必③－4]Forthewholemorning，theboardofdirectorshasbeendiscussingtheresolution（resolve）toincreasewagesinthecomingyear.4.為了解決沖突，首先你應當主動地在父母和你之間架起溝通的橋梁。 （建議信）Inordertoresolvetheconflict，yououghttoactivelybuildabridgeofcommunicationbetweenyourparentsandyouatfirst.5.我已決心追隨她的腳步，致力于年輕人的教化?！買haveresolvedtofollowinherfootstepsanddevotemylifetotheeducationofyoungmen.（resolvev.）→②Ihavemadearesolutiontofollowinherfootstepsanddevotemylifetotheeducationofyoungmen.（resolution）點撥表示"決心/確定做某事"的還有：decidetodosth.，makeupone’smindtodosth.，determinetodosth.?！飏esolve（not）todosth.確定（不）做某事resolveon（doing）sth.確定（做）某事resolveanissue/adispute/aconflict解決問題/爭端/沖突★resolutionn.決議；解決；決心makearesolutiontodosth.確定做某事5unfortunatelyadv.不幸地；缺憾地1.[人教必修③－3]Over300，000peoplecamefromallovertheworldtoseektheirfortune（fortunate），andSanFranciscoquicklybecameabigcity.2.[外研選必②－6]Fortunately（fortunate），Ihaveshelter，becausethelandingcapsuleprotectsmefromthedeadlyradiationoutside.3.Recently，Ihavebeenbusypreparingforthecollegeentranceexamination，butunfortunatelyIfinditquitehardtoconcentrateonmystudy（但不幸的是，我發(fā)覺集中精力學習很困難）.4.我很幸運，和父母一起參觀了全國各地的很多博物館?！買wasfortunatetovisitmanymuseumsacrossthecountrywithmyparents.（不定式）→②ItwasfortunateformethatIvisitedmanymuseumsacrossthecountrywithmyparents.（it作形式主語）★unfortunateadj.不幸的★fortunateadj.幸運的befortunatetodo有幸做Itisfortunate（forsb.）that...（某人）有幸……★fortunen.機會；運氣；大筆的錢seekone’sfortune外出找尋發(fā)財機會★misfortunen.不幸；不幸的事故fortunatelyadv.幸運地6commitmentn.承諾，保證；已承諾的事；奉獻，忠誠；花費1.[人教選必①－1]TuYouyou，acommitted（commit）andpatientscientist，wasborninNingbo，China，on30December1930...2.[人教選必③－4]Theyalsohadtohaveastrongresolutiontofinishwhattheyhadstartednomatterhowharditwas，greatpersonaldiscipline，andafirmcommitment（commit）totheothermembersoftheteam.3.[北師選必①－2]However，LangPing’scommitmenttoChinesevolleyballbroughtherbackhome.4.假如我能成為你們中的一員，我將承諾盡我所能做好我的工作。 （申請信）→①IfIcanbeamemberofyourgroup，Iwillmakeacommitmenttodomyjobtothebestofmyability.（commitment）→②IfIcanbeamemberofyourgroup，Iwillbecommittedto（doing）myjobtothebestofmyability.（committed）★makeacommitmenttosb.向某人承諾makeacommitmenttodo保證/承諾做commitmentto...對……的奉獻/投入/忠誠★commitvt.犯（罪）；承諾；花（錢或時間）vi.忠于commitacrime犯罪commitmoney/timetosth.花錢或時間在某事上becommittedto（doing）sth.承諾做某事★committedadj.堅決的；不遺余力的7turndown拒絕（提議、建議或提議人）（refuse/reject/decline）；把……調低，關小1.Ibegantobreakdownintears（起先不由自主地哭起來）andhuggedmyfathertightly.（讀后續(xù)寫之心情描寫）2.他喝咖啡和吸煙都比以前少了，飲食也均衡了。Hecutdownoncoffeeandcigarettes，andateabalanceddiet.3.書籍是貯存人類代代相傳的才智的珍寶。Booksaretreasuresstoringwisdompasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.4.他跪下來，低下頭，以細看那株植物。 （讀后續(xù)寫之動作描寫）Hegotdownonhiskneesandbenthisheadtogetacloserlookattheplant.★cutdown削減運用；砍倒（樹木）bringdown擊落，擊倒；使垮臺passdown使世代相傳breakdown出故障；（關系）裂開；感情失控；分解；拆除；消退（障礙或偏見）putdown寫下；鎮(zhèn)壓；貶低getdown寫下；俯身；使懊喪8giveoff放出（熱、光、氣味或氣體）1.[北師選必①－2]Wheneverhehadmorethantwothousanddollars，hewouldgiveawaysmallbanknotestohomelesspeopleinthestreetsoflocalareas.2.Anyborrowedbookshouldbegivenbackwithinamonth.3.Hiswageshavegivenoutjustbecauseheboughttwopiecesoffurniture.4.ThepainwassosharpthatIthoughtmaybeIshouldstopandwalkforaminute，butIsaidtomyself，"Sticktoyourgoalandnevergiveup！"5.Ipressedmyparentsuntiltheyfinallygaveinandpermittedmetogoabroadwithmyfriendduringthesummervacation.6.篝火發(fā)出溫煦的光線，他們安靜下來起先觀賞星空。 （讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫）Withthecampfiregivingoff/outawarmglow/light，theysettleddownandstartedtoappreciatethestarrysky.點撥表示"發(fā)出"的還有：sendout發(fā)出（信號、聲音、光、熱等）?！飃iveout放出，發(fā)出（氣體、熱量、光或氣味）；分發(fā)；用完，耗盡；停止運轉givein（to...）（向……）屈服/讓步/倒戈giveback歸還giveup放棄；認輸；辭去（工作）giveaway泄露（隱私）；贈送9if引導的虛擬條件句1.[人教必修③－2]HowwouldtheConfucianideaoffairnesschangesocietyaroundyouifeverybodystarted（start）practisingfairnessineverything？2.Ifmycoachhadbeenthere，everythingwouldhavebeen（be）allrightthen.3.Ifthecandidateweretorecovertomorrow，theinterviewcertainlywouldnotbecancelled（cancel）.4.假如沒有這次閱歷，她就不會意識到她應當花更多的時間和家人在一起。Ifithadn’tbeenforthisexperience，shewouldn’thaverealizedthatsheshouldspendmoretimewithherfamily.點撥Ifithadnotbeenfor..."假如當時沒有……，要不是……"，for后接名詞，表示與過去事實相反的假設；Ifitwerenotfor..."假如沒有……"，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設?！锾摂M條件句表示不行能或不太可能發(fā)生的假設。句中謂語動詞所用形式如下（以do為例）：條件狀語從句主句與過去事實相反haddonewould/could/should/mighthavedone與現(xiàn)在事實相反did（be動詞用were）would/could/should/mightdo與將來事實相反did/weretodo/shoulddowould/could/should/mightdo否定詞綴本單元：un-（不）＋fortunately（幸運地）→unfortunately不幸地拓展：常見的否定詞綴及其構成單詞如下：否定詞綴原詞或表確定的單詞加上否定詞綴的單詞un-happy快樂comfortable舒適的fair公允的grateful感謝的lock鎖上pack打包fold折疊unhappy不快樂uncomfortable不舒適的unfair不公允的ungrateful忘恩負義的unlock解鎖unpack打開包袱unfold綻開in-/im-/il-/ir-convenient便利的possible可能的legal合法的responsible負責任的inconvenient不便利的impossible不行能的illegal不合法的irresponsible不負責任的dis-honest懇切的agree同意appear出現(xiàn)like寵愛approve同意dishonest不懇切的disagree不同意disappear消逝dislike不寵愛disapprove不同意mis-fortune運氣understand理解lead