鋼結(jié)構(gòu)課程屋架設(shè)計計算書

鋼屋架計算書目錄一．設(shè)計資料二．屋架幾何尺寸及檁條設(shè)置三．支撐布置及屋架編號四．桿件內(nèi)力計算五．屋架節(jié)點板厚度確定，桿件截面選擇和填板設(shè)置六．節(jié)點設(shè)計七．說明八．設(shè)計總結(jié)一．設(shè)計資料及有關(guān)規(guī)定1.車間平面尺寸為96m×30m，柱距6m，跨度為30m，柱網(wǎng)采用封閉結(jié)合。車間內(nèi)有兩臺15t/3t中級工作制軟鉤橋式吊車。2.屋面采用長尺復(fù)合屋面板，板厚50mm，檁距不大于1800mm。檁條采用冷彎薄壁卷邊槽鋼C200×70×20×2.5，屋面坡度i=l/20～l/8。3.鋼屋架簡支在鋼筋混凝土柱頂上，柱頂標(biāo)高9.000m，柱上端設(shè)有鋼筋混凝土連系梁。上柱截面為400mm×400mm，所用混凝土強度等級為C30，軸心抗壓強度設(shè)計值fc＝14.3N/mm2?？癸L(fēng)柱的柱距為6m，上端與屋架上弦用板鉸連接。4.鋼材用Q235-B，焊條用E43系列型。5.屋架采用平坡梯形屋架，無天窗，外形尺寸如下圖（圖1）所示。屋架編號為A5H4，腹桿布置形式為A5，坡度為1/10,端部高度H0為1950mm。 圖16.該車間建于杭州近郊。7.屋蓋荷載標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值：(l)屋面活荷載0.5kN/m2(2)基本雪壓s00.45kN/m2(3)基本風(fēng)壓w00.45kN/m2(4)復(fù)合屋面板自重0.15kN/m2(5)檁條自重7.05kg/m(6)屋架及支撐自重0.01lkN/m28.運輸單元最大尺寸長度為15m，高度為二．屋架幾何尺寸及檁條設(shè)置1）該屋架為有檁屋蓋體系，i=1/10，采用平坡梯形屋架。屋架計算跨度為L0=L-300=29700mm，端部高度取H0=1950mm，中部高度為H=3435mm 圖2：屋架桿件幾何長度及設(shè)計內(nèi)力2）檁條間距及拉條和撐桿布置圖該屋架為有檁屋蓋體系，檁條間距為1500mm（端部為1350mm），檁條長度6000mm（兩端為5500mm），見下圖3檁條布置和間距圖；由于檁條跨度小于6m，只在跨中位置設(shè)置一拉條，在屋脊處設(shè)撐桿，見下圖3拉條和撐桿布置圖。圖3：檁條間距及拉條和撐桿布置圖三．支撐布置及屋架編號根據(jù)車間長度、屋架跨度和荷載情況，為保證結(jié)構(gòu)的整體穩(wěn)定性、剛度及結(jié)構(gòu)安裝時的穩(wěn)定與方便并承擔(dān)和傳遞荷載需設(shè)置上、下、弦橫向水平支撐、垂直支撐和系桿，見附圖4。圖4：屋面支撐布置示意圖四．桿件內(nèi)力計算1.荷載計算檁條414.5N/根÷(1.5m×6m)=46.1N/m2取qLT=0.05KN/m2復(fù)合屋面板0.15/cosα=0.15×10/1011/2=0.151KN/m2取qWB=0.151KN/m2屋架及支撐0.01l=0.01×30=0.3KN/m2 取qwj=0.3KN/m2恒載總和 qG,K=0.501KN/m2活荷載（取屋面活荷載和雪荷載中的大者） qq,k=0.5KN/m2 風(fēng)荷載p3=-0.6×0.45×1.4×6×1.5/cosα=-3.42KN（迎風(fēng)面） P4=-0.5×0.45×1.4×6×1.5/cosα=-2.85KN(背風(fēng)面)當(dāng)屋面夾角較小時風(fēng)載為吸力，起卸載作用，一般不做考慮。2、荷載組合及節(jié)點荷載設(shè)計值計算一般考慮全跨荷載，對跨中部分斜桿（一般為跨中每側(cè)各兩根斜腹桿）可考慮半跨組合。由于組合值（1.2×0.501+1.4×0.5）×6×1.5=11.71KN＞(1.35×0.501+0.7×1.4×0.5)×6×1.5=10.50KN,可見活載效應(yīng)起控制作用。為了便于組合內(nèi)力，通常先求出內(nèi)力系數(shù)，然后用內(nèi)力系數(shù)乘以某種荷載下的節(jié)點荷載，節(jié)點荷載取Fd=11.71KN，支座反力Rd=10Fd=117.1KN,即得該荷載下各桿的內(nèi)力。3.內(nèi)力計算荷載規(guī)范規(guī)定屋面活荷載和雪荷載不同時考慮，取大者。由于該設(shè)計中活載（0.5KN/mm2）大于雪荷載(0.45KN/mm2),故只需考慮恒載和活荷載的組合，該組合可分為全跨活荷載和半跨活荷載兩種情形，求這兩種情形的內(nèi)力系數(shù)的單位荷載見圖5，相應(yīng)的內(nèi)力系數(shù)及內(nèi)力組合結(jié)果見表1，其中，“恒+全”一欄所列數(shù)值表示恒載與全跨活載的組合值，“恒+半”一欄所列數(shù)值表示恒載與半跨活載的組合值。上弦桿：由計算簡圖得知AB為0桿BC桿內(nèi)力系數(shù)：由ΣMC=0得FBC×10/√101×（1950+1357.7/10）+FBC×1/√101×1500+(10-0.5)×2850-1×1500=0得FBC=-11.5同理可得各上弦桿內(nèi)力系數(shù)，由結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)求解器求得列于表1；下弦桿：屋架內(nèi)力組合表桿件內(nèi)力系數(shù)單項荷載內(nèi)力內(nèi)力組合不利組合恒載活載全跨半跨全跨半跨恒+全恒+半上弦桿1AB000000002BC-11.5000254-8.32533168-62.2151-72.4502-52.4496-134.665-114.665-134.6653CD-11.5000254-8.32533168-62.2151-72.4502-52.4496-134.665-114.665-134.6654DE-18.4644164-12.7191204-99.8925-116.326-80.1305-216.218-180.023-216.2185EF-18.4644164-12.7191204-99.8925-116.326-80.1305-216.218-180.023-216.2186FG-21.8279044-14.0560489-118.089-137.516-88.5531-255.605-206.642-255.6057GH-21.8279044-14.0560489-118.089-137.516-88.5531-255.605-206.642-255.6058HI-22.6242415-13.2136848-122.397-142.533-83.2462-264.93-205.643-264.939IJ-23.1050968-13.6945401-124.999-145.562-86.2756-270.561-211.274-270.56110JK-23.1050968-13.6945401-124.999-145.562-86.2756-270.561-211.274-270.56111KL-23.1050968-9.41055665-124.999-145.562-59.2865-270.561-184.285-270.56112LM-23.1050968-9.41055665-124.999-145.562-59.2865-270.561-184.285-270.56113MN-22.6242415-9.41055665-122.397-142.533-59.2865-264.93-181.684-264.9314NO-21.8279044-7.77185547-118.089-137.516-48.9627-255.605-167.052-255.60515OP-21.8279044-7.77185547-118.089-137.516-48.9627-255.605-167.052-255.60516PQ-18.4644164-5.74529603-99.8925-116.326-36.1954-216.218-136.088-216.21817QR-18.4644164-5.74529603-99.8925-116.326-36.1954-216.218-136.088-216.21818RS-11.5000254-3.17469378-62.2151-72.4502-20.0006-134.665-82.2157-134.66519ST-11.5000254-3.17469378-62.2151-72.4502-20.0006-134.665-82.2157-134.66520TU00000000下弦桿21ac6.151079144.547089633.2773438.751828.6466672.0291461.92472.0291422ce15.440251510.921955483.5317697.2735868.80832180.8053152.3401180.805323eg20.418994413.6376333110.4668128.639785.91709239.1064196.3838239.106424gi22.386934613.797396121.1133141.037786.92359262.151208.0369262.15125ik21.419213910.7096069115.8779134.94167.47052250.819183.3485250.81926km21.419213910.7096069115.8779134.94167.47052250.819183.3485250.81927mo22.38693468.5895386121.1133141.037754.11409262.151175.2274262.15128oq20.41899446.7813611110.4668128.639742.72257239.1064153.1893239.106429qs15.44025154.5182961783.5317697.2735828.46527180.8053111.997180.805330su6.151079141.6039895433.2773438.751810.1051372.0291443.3824772.02914腹桿31aA-0.5-0.5-2.705-3.15-3.15-5.855-5.855-5.85532aB-11.3174986-8.36628485-61.2277-71.3002-52.7076-132.528-113.935-132.52833Bc9.061474546.398877249.0225857.0872940.31293106.109989.3355106.109934cC-1-1-5.41-6.3-6.3-11.71-11.71-11.7135cD-7.50822069-4.9549067-40.6195-47.3018-31.2159-87.9213-71.8354-87.921336De5.508239713.2570930629.7995834.7019120.5196964.5014950.3192664.5014937eE-1-1-5.41-6.3-6.3-11.71-11.71-11.7138eF-4.19553581-2.01273575-22.6978-26.4319-12.6802-49.1297-35.3781-49.129739Fg2.666701220.714885314.4268516.800224.50377731.2270718.9306331.2270740gG-1-1-5.41-6.3-6.3-11.71-11.71-11.7141gH-1.486291720.4206943-8.04084-9.363642.650374-17.4045-5.39046-17.404542Hi0.27845127-1.446048051.5064211.754243-9.11013.260664-7.603685.01490743iI-1.5-1.5-8.115-9.45-9.45-17.565-17.565-17.56544ij1.661201223.707022658.98709910.4655723.3542419.4526732.3413432.3413445Ij0.658312180.658312183.5614694.1473674.1473677.7088367.7088367.70883646jJ-1-1-5.41-6.3-6.3-11.71-11.71-11.7147jK2.388572314.4343937412.9221815.0480127.9366827.9701840.8588640.8588648kK0000000049lm1.66120122-2.045821438.98709910.46557-12.888719.45267-3.9015819.4526750lM0.6583121803.5614694.14736707.7088363.5614697.70883651lL-10-5.41-6.30-11.71-5.41-11.7152Kl2.38857231-2.0458214312.9221815.04801-12.888727.970180.03350127.9701853mM-1.50-8.115-9.450-17.565-8.115-17.56554mN0.278451271.724499321.5064211.75424310.864353.26066412.3707712.3707755No-1.48629172-1.90698602-8.04084-9.36364-12.014-17.4045-20.0549-20.054956oO-10-5.41-6.30-11.71-5.41-11.7157oP2.666701221.9518159314.4268516.8002212.2964431.2270726.7232931.2270758Pq-4.19553581-2.18280006-22.6978-26.4319-13.7516-49.1297-36.4495-49.129759qQ-10-5.41-6.30-11.71-5.41-11.7160qR5.508239712.2511466529.7995834.7019114.1822264.5014943.981864.5014961Rs-7.50822069-2.55331399-40.6195-47.3018-16.0859-87.9213-56.7054-87.921362sS-10-5.41-6.30-11.71-5.41-11.7163sT9.061474542.6625973449.0225857.0872916.77436106.109965.79694106.109964Tu-11.3174986-2.95121375-61.2277-71.3002-18.5926-132.528-79.8203-132.52865uU-0.50-2.705-3.150-5.855-2.705-5.855表1：屋架內(nèi)力組合表ac桿內(nèi)力系數(shù)：由ΣMB=0得Fac×（1950+1357.7/10）-（10-0.5）×1350=0得Fac=6.15同理可得各下弦桿內(nèi)力系數(shù)，由結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)求解器求得列于表1；腹桿：由結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)求解器求得列于表1；半跨活載的內(nèi)力系數(shù)求法同理，列于表1。 圖5：內(nèi)力系數(shù)設(shè)計內(nèi)力圖見圖2五．屋架節(jié)點板厚度確定，桿件截面選擇和填板設(shè)置腹桿最大軸力為132.5KN，查《鋼結(jié)構(gòu)-原理與設(shè)計》P412表9.1，選用中間節(jié)點板厚t=6mm，支座節(jié)點板厚t=8mm。上弦整個上弦不改變截面，按最大內(nèi)力計算。Nmax=-270.56KN，lox=150.8cm，loy=150.8cm選用2∠75×6，A=17.6cm2，=2.31cm，=3.31cm由于所以=3.9××（1+）=55.5由λx=65.26查b類截面的Φx=0.778填板每節(jié)間放一塊（滿足范圍內(nèi)不少于兩塊）下弦整個下弦也不改變截面，按最大內(nèi)力計算。Nmax=262.25KN，lox=300.0cm，loy=1485cm選用2∠90×56×5（短肢相并），A=14.424cm2，=1.59cm，=4.33cm填板每節(jié)間放一塊腹桿1）桿件A-a、K-kN=-5.855KN，lox=195cm，loy=195cm由于內(nèi)力較小，按構(gòu)造要求配即可。選擇2∠63×5，A=12.3cm2，=1.94cm，=2.82cm；由于所以由查b類截面的填板放兩塊2）桿件B-aN=-132.5KN，lox=248.4cm，loy=248.4cm選用2∠75×6，A=17.59cm2，=2.31cm，=3.31cm由于所以由查b類截面的填板放兩塊3)桿件B-c、C-c、D-e、E-e、F-g、H-i、i-j、I-j、J-j、K-j上述桿件所受內(nèi)力較小，按構(gòu)造要求配筋即可。選擇2∠45×4，A=6.97cm2，=1.38cm，=2.08cm；選擇內(nèi)力最大的拉桿進行內(nèi)力驗算:桿件B-c：選擇內(nèi)力最大的壓桿進行內(nèi)力驗算:桿件E-e：由于所以由查b類截面的桿件B-c長度l=256.9cm，桿件D-e長度l=281.8cm，各放2塊填板小于；桿件C-c長度l=223.5cm，桿件E-e長度l=253.5cm，各放4塊填板小于；桿件F-g長度l=307.6cm，桿件H-i長度l=334.1cm，各放2塊填板略大于；在實際工程中，節(jié)點板寬度較大，故仍可用；桿件i-j長度l=228.0cm，桿件I-j長度l=206.4cm，桿件K-j長度l=228.0cm，各放1塊填板略大于；在實際工程中，節(jié)點板寬度較大，故仍可用；桿件J-j長度l=164.3cm，放2塊填板小于；4）桿件D-c、F-e、G-g、H-g、I-i選擇2∠63×3，A=9.96cm2，=1.96cm，=2.8cm；選擇內(nèi)力最大的壓桿進行內(nèi)力驗算:由于所以由查b類截面的桿件D-c長度l=281.8cm，桿件F-e長度l=307.6cm，各放3塊填板小于；桿件G-g長度l=283.5cm，桿件I-i長度l=313.5cm，各放3塊填板等于；桿件H-g長度l=334.1cm，放2塊填板略大于在實際工程中，節(jié)點板寬度較大，故仍可用；其余桿件截面選擇見表2。需注意的是除上面已經(jīng)計算的桿件外，其余桿件lox=0.8l，loy=l。屋架桿件截面選擇桿件桿件編號計算內(nèi)力（N）幾何長度（mm）計算長度截面規(guī)格截面面積（cm2）回轉(zhuǎn)半徑長細比容許長細比穩(wěn)定系數(shù)驗算強度N/An或穩(wěn)定性N/（ΨA）l0x(mm)loy(mm)ix(cm)iy(cm)λxλyzλy[λ]Ψmin上弦桿AB0.001356.731356.731356.732∠75*617.592.313.3158.7354.240.991500.8140.00BC-134.671507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.77898.38CD-134.671507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.77898.38DE-216.221507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778157.96EF-216.221507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778157.96FG-255.601507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778186.73GH-255.601507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778186.73HI-264.931507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778193.55IJ-270.561507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778197.66JK-270.561507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778197.66KL-270.561507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778197.66LM-270.561507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778197.66MN-264.931507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778193.55NO-255.601507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778186.73OP-255.601507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778186.73PQ-216.221507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778157.96QR-216.221507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.778157.96RS-134.671507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.77898.38ST-134.671507.481507.481507.4817.592.313.3165.2655.545.541500.77898.38TU0.001356.731356.731356.7317.592.313.3158.7354.240.991500.8140.00下弦桿ac72.032850.002850.00loy-ak=loy-ku=148502∠90*56*5短肢相連14.421.594.33179.25342.96342.96350拉桿穩(wěn)定性不起控制作用49.94ce180.813000.003000.0014.421.594.33188.68342.96342.96350125.35eg239.113000.003000.0014.421.594.33188.68342.96342.96350165.77gi262.153000.003000.0014.421.594.33188.68342.96342.96350181.75ik250.823000.003000.0014.421.594.33188.68342.96342.96350173.89km250.823000.003000.0014.421.594.33188.68342.96342.96350173.89mo262.153000.003000.0014.421.594.33188.68342.96342.96350181.75oq239.113000.003000.0014.421.594.33188.68342.96342.96350165.77qs180.813000.003000.0014.421.594.33188.68342.96342.96350125.35su72.032850.002850.0014.421.594.33179.25342.96342.9635049.94腹桿aA-5.861950.001950.001950.002∠63*512.291.942.82100.5274.5069.151500.5528.63aB-132.532483.902483.902483.902∠75*617.592.313.31107.5380.1275.041500.508148.28Bc106.112568.512054.812568.512∠45*46.971.382.08148.90129.10123.49350拉桿152.19cC-11.712235.001788.002235.002∠45*46.971.382.08129.57110.00107.451500.38943.18cD-87.922817.492253.992817.492∠63*39.961.962.8115.00111.20100.621500.464190.32De64.502817.492253.992817.492∠45*46.971.382.08163.33151.00135.46350拉桿92.52eE-11.712535.002028.002535.002∠45*46.971.382.08146.96124.20121.881500.31852.82eF-49.133075.592460.473075.592∠63*39.961.962.8125.53119.50109.841500.409120.65Fg31.233075.592460.473075.592∠45*46.971.382.08178.30149.76147.86350拉桿44.79gG-11.712835.002268.002835.002∠63*39.961.962.8115.71111.70101.251500.4625.57gH-17.403340.692672.553340.692∠63*39.961.962.8136.35128.20119.311500.3648.56Hi5.013340.692672.553340.692∠45*46.971.382.08193.66162.40160.61350拉桿7.19iI-17.573135.002508.003135.002∠63*39.961.962.8127.96121.50111.961500.39744.44ij32.342280.312280.31loy-iK=4213.322∠45*46.971.382.08165.24——202.56350拉桿46.39Ij7.712063.811651.052063.812∠45*46.971.382.08119.64——99.22350拉桿11.06jJ-11.711642.501314.001642.502∠45*46.971.382.0895.2282.6078.971500.58728.61jK40.862280.312280.31loy-iK=4213.322∠45*46.971.382.08165.24202.56350拉桿58.60kK0.003435.003091.503091.502∠63*512.291.942.82159.36——109.63————0.00lm19.452280.312280.31loy-Km=4213.322∠45*46.971.382.08165.24——202.56350拉桿27.90lM7.712063.811651.052063.812∠45*46.971.382.08119.64——99.22350拉桿11.06lL-11.711642.501314.001642.502∠45*46.971.382.0895.2282.6078.971500.58728.61Kl27.972280.312280.31loy-Km=4213.322∠45*46.971.382.08165.24——202.56350拉桿40.12mM-17.573135.002508.003135.002∠63*39.961.962.8127.96121.50111.961500.39744.44mN12.373340.692672.553340.692∠45*46.971.382.08193.66162.40160.61350拉桿17.74No-20.053340.692672.553340.692∠63*39.961.962.8136.35128.20119.311500.3655.95oO-11.712835.002268.002835.002∠63*39.961.962.8115.71111.70101.251500.4625.57oP31.233075.592460.473075.592∠45*46.971.382.08178.30149.76147.86350拉桿44.79Pq-49.133075.592460.473075.592∠63*39.961.962.8125.53119.50109.841500.409120.65qQ-11.712535.002028.002535.002∠45*46.971.382.08146.96124.20121.881500.31852.82qR64.502817.492253.992817.492∠45*46.971.382.08163.33151.00135.46350拉桿92.52Rs-87.922817.492253.992817.492∠63*39.961.962.8115.00111.20100.621500.464190.32sS-11.712235.001788.002235.002∠45*46.971.382.08129.57110.00107.451500.38943.18sT106.112568.512054.812568.512∠45*46.971.382.08148.90129.10123.49350拉桿152.19Tu-132.532483.902483.902483.902∠75*617.592.313.31107.5380.1275.041500.508148.28uU-5.861950.001950.001950.002∠63*512.291.942.82100.5274.5069.151500.5528.63表2：屋架桿件截面選擇表每根桿件填板設(shè)置數(shù)量及驗算過程見上桿件截面選擇計算過程中，填板應(yīng)比角鋼肢寬伸出10-15mm以便焊接。六．節(jié)點設(shè)計1.下弦節(jié)點“c”（附圖6）先計算腹板與節(jié)點板的連接焊縫：B-c桿肢背及肢尖焊腳尺寸取hf1=4mm，則所需焊縫長度：肢背：用100mm肢尖：用60mm腹桿C-c和D-c的桿端焊縫同理計算，由于C-c桿件內(nèi)力較小，焊縫按構(gòu)造采用，取lw=40mm；D-c桿，取hf1=4mm，肢背焊接長度取80mm，肢尖取40mm。其次驗算下弦桿與節(jié)點板的連接焊縫，內(nèi)力差ΔN=Nec-Nac=180.8-72.0=108.8KN