考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解真題大全

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解真題大全

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解真題大全1

Text1

Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddle

classisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthe

nextpresidentialcampaign：Whathappenswhenthe

robotsefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.About

halfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,

accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthe

middleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-ine

jobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealto

robots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,

financialadvice,softwareengineering-have

arousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichown

therobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointout

thattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersin

thepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowell

forLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanized

looms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsand

createdmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,

automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,

stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfree

workersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemedium

term,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelp

adjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrew

McAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldbe

rethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums-

fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolveto

focuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativity

andplexmunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoa

betterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsand

helpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Online

educationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.It

couldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.

Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbe

abletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

Thechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlines

theneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusiness

dynamism：Startingnewpaniesmustbemadeeasier.In

previouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,

entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingup

waystobinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3D

printersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninvented

yet.TheU.S.needsthenewpaniesthatwillinvent

them.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthe

gapbetweencapitalineandlaborine,taxesandthe

safetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-

wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchas

theearnedinetaxcreditshouldbeexpanded：This

wouldboostines,encouragework,rewardpaniesfor

jobcreation,andreduceinequality.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigand

smalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbe

littleforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareers

upendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthat

areingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciesto

helpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

[A]Leadingpoliticians.

[B]Low-wagelaborers.

[C]Robotowners.

[D]Middle-classworkers.

22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentthe

authorsview?

[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfact

groundless.

[B]Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittle

support.

[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobe

tackled

[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbe

avoided

23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldput

moreemphasison

[A]creativepotential.

[B]job-huntingskills.

[C]individualneeds.

[D]cooperativespirit.

24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimed

at

[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

[D]preventingtheinegapfromwidening.

25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblem

with

[A]opposingviewsonit.

[B]possiblesolutionstoit.

[C]itsalarmingimpacts.

[D]itsmajorvariations.

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解真題大全2

TEXT1

KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsistednkings

don'tabdicate,theydieintheirsleep.nBut

embarrassingscandalsandthepopularityofthe

republicansleftintherecentEuro-electionshave

forcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,does

theSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeing

itslastdays?Doesthatmeanthewritingisonthe

wallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificent

uniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforand

againstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularly

polarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFrance

regime,monarchscanriseabove"mere"politiesand

"embody"aspiritofnationalunity.

Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpolitiesthat

explainsmonarchy'scontinuingpopularityasheadsof

state.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeis

themostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with

10kingdoms(notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra).

ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulf

andAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecause

theyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchfora

non-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhavea

downside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimto

be,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaythey

behavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensible

privilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomas

Pikettyandothereconomistsarewarmingofrising

inequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinherited

wealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocratic

familiesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmodern

democraticstates.

Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandon

orhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesand

princesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,not

horses(orhelicopters).Evenso,thesearewealthy

familieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,and

mediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficult

tomaintaintherightimage.

WhileEurope'smonarchieswillnodoubtbesmart

enoughtosurviveforsometimetoe,itisthe

BritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanish

example.

ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthe

monarchy'sreputationwithherratherordinary(if

well-heeled)grannystyle.Thedangerwillewith

Charles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyle

andaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehas

failedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargely

survivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-

controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.

CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,

itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchy's

worstenemies.

21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,King

JuanCarlosofSpain

[A]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.

[B]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.

[C]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.

[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment.

22.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEurope

mostly

[A]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookup

to.

[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionand

reality.

[C]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.

[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.

23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,

accordingtoParagraph4?

[A]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

[B]Aristocrats'excessiverelianceoninherited

wealth.

[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocratic

families.

[D]Thenobility*sadherencetotheirprivileges.

24.TheBritishroyals"havemosttofear"because

Charles

[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleof

thetext?

[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

[D]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解真題大全3

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohire

AlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthe

talkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethe

suddenannouncementofhisappointmentin20XX.For

themostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,to

saytheleast."Hooray!Atlast!wwroteAnthony

Tommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameas

suchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertis

parativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohad

advocatedGilbert'sappointmentintheTimes,calls

him“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairofthe

formidableconductorabouthim."Asadescriptionof

thenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathas

hithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerand

PierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckat

leastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisa

greatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,he

performsanimpressivevarietyofinteresting

positions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisit

AveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohear

interestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoisto

gotomyCDshelf,orbootupmyputeranddownload

stillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsare

nosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthe

point.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyofthe

art-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmust

petenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,

theaterpanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththe

recordedperformancesofthegreatclassical

musiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsare

cheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuch

higherinartisticqualitythantoday'slive

performances；moreover,theycanbe“consumed”at

atimeandplaceofthelistener'schoosing.The

widespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthus

broughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthe

traditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformers

toprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyet

availableonrecord.Gilbert'sowninterestinnew

musichasbeenwidelynoted：AlexRoss,a

classical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasaman

whoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto”a

markedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization."But

whatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?Merely

expandingtheorchestra'srepertoirewillnotbe

enough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicareto

succeed,theymustfirstchangetherelationship

betweenAmerica'soldestorchestraandthenew

audienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert's

appointmenthas

[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevoted

concertgoers

[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowing

istrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsin

quality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneral

public.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.RegardingGilbertroleinrevitalizingthe

Philharmonic,theauthorfeels

[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解真題大全4

Text1

Inthe20XXfilmversionofTheDevilWears

Prada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,

scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthat

highfashiondoesn'taffecther,Priestlyexplains

howthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant,ssweater

descendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowsto

departmentsstoresandtothebargainbininwhich

thepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusiness

couldn'tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswiththe

feverishwoulddescribedinOverdressed,Eliazabeth

Cline'sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.

Inthelastdecadeorso,advancesintechnologyhave

allowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,and

Uniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipate

demandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanless

wastedinventory,morefrequentrelease,andmore

profit.Theselabelsencouragestyle-conscious

consumerstoseeclothesasdisposab1e-meanttolast

onlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertise

that-andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.

Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,

Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashion

cycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoa

seasonalpace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,are

notlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera$5.95

knitminiskirtinallits2,300-piusstoresaround

theworld,itmustrelyonlow-wageoverseaslabor,

orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,and

usemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswerto

consumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan's

TheOmnivoreJsDilemma.wMass-produced

clothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,

yetisnon-durableandwasteful,wClineargues.

Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarments

ayear-about64itemsperperson-andnomatter

howmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroduced

herideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,

whosince20XXhasmadeallofherownclothes-and

beautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,it

tookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft；her

examplecan'tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveral