新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)Lesson+31+The+sculptor+speaks+講義

Lesson31Thesculptor1speaks雕塑家的語(yǔ)言Whatdoyouhavetobeabletodotoappreciatesculpture?Appreciation2ofsculpturedependsupontheabilitytorespondtoformintheredimension.Thatisperhapswhysculpturehasbeendescribedasthemostdifficultofallarts;certainlyitismoredifficultthantheartswhichinvolveappreciationofflatforms,shapeinonlytwodimensions.Manymorepeopleare'form-blind'thancolour-blind.Thechildlearningtosee,firstdistinguishesonlytwo-dimensionalshape;itcannotjudgedistances,depths.Later,foritspersonalsafetyandpracticalneeds,ithastodevelop(partlybymeansoftouch)theabilitytojudgeroughlythree-dimensonaldistances.Buthavingsatisfiedtherequirementsofpracticalnecessity,mostpeoplegonofurther.Thoughtheymayattain3considerableaccuracyintheperceptionofflatfrom,theydonomakethefurther.Thoughtheymayattainconsiderableaccuracyintheperceptionofflatform,theydonotmakethefurtherintellectualandemotionaleffortneededtocomprehendforminitsfullspatial4existence.Thisiswhatthesculptormustdo.Hemuststrivecontinuallytothinkof,anduse,forminitsfullspatialcompleteness.Hegetsthesolidshape,asitwere,insidehishead-hethinksofit,whateveritssize,asifhewereholdingitcompletelyenclosedinthehollowofhishand.Hementallyvisualizes6acomplexformfromallrounditself;heknowswhilehelooksatonesidewhattheothersideislike,heidentifieshimselfwithitscentreofgravity,itsmass,itsweight;herealizesitsvolume,asthespacethattheshapedisplacesintheair.Andthesensitiveobserverofsculpturemustalsolearntofeelshapesimplyasshape,notasdescriptionorreminiscence.Hemust,forexample,perceiveaneggasasimplesinglesolidshape,quiteapartfromitssignificanceasfood,orfromtheliteraryideathatitwillbecomeabird.Andsowithsolidssuchasashell,anut,aplum,apear,atadpole7,amushroom,amountainpeak,akidney,acarrot,atree-trunk,abird,abud,alark8,aladybird,abulrush,abone.Fromthesehecangoontoappreciatemorecomplexformsofcombinationsofseveralforms.HENRYMOORETheSculptorSpeaksfromTheListenerNewwordsandexpressions生詞和短語(yǔ)colour-blindadj.色盲的perceptionn.知覺(jué)comprehendv.理解spatialadj.空間visualize5v.使具形象，設(shè)想reminiscencen.回憶，聯(lián)想tadpolen.蝌蚪mushroomn.蘑菇carrotn.胡蘿卜budn.花蕾larkn.云雀ladybirdn.瓢蟲(chóng)bulrushn.蘆葦參考譯文對(duì)雕塑的鑒賞力取決于對(duì)立體的反應(yīng)能力。雕塑被說(shuō)成是所有藝術(shù)中最難的藝術(shù)，可能就是這個(gè)道理。欣賞雕塑品當(dāng)然比欣賞平面的藝術(shù)品要難?！靶蚊ぁ钡娜藬?shù)比“色盲”的人數(shù)要多得多。正在學(xué)看東西的兒童起初只會(huì)分辨二維形態(tài)，不會(huì)判斷距離和深度。慢慢地，由于自身安全和實(shí)際需要，兒童必須發(fā)展（部分通過(guò)觸覺(jué)）粗略判斷三維空間距離的能力。但是。大部分人在滿足了實(shí)際需要后，就不再繼續(xù)發(fā)展這種能力了。雖然他們對(duì)平面形的感覺(jué)能達(dá)到相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的程度，但他們沒(méi)有在智力和感情上進(jìn)一步努力去理解存在于空間的整個(gè)形態(tài)。而雕塑家就必須做到這一點(diǎn)。他必須勤于想像并且利用形體在空間中的完整性。可以說(shuō)，當(dāng)他想像一個(gè)物體時(shí)，不管其大小如何，他腦子里得到的是一個(gè)立體的概念，就好像完全握在自己手心里一樣。他的大腦能從物體周圍的各個(gè)角度勾畫(huà)出其復(fù)雜的形象，他看物體的一邊時(shí)，便知道另一邊是個(gè)什么樣子。他把自身和物體重心、質(zhì)量、重量融為一體。他能意識(shí)到物體的體積，那就是它的形狀有空氣中所占的空間。因此，敏銳的雕塑觀賞者也必須學(xué)會(huì)把形體作為形體來(lái)感覺(jué)，不要靠描述和印象去想象。以鳥(niǎo)蛋為例。觀賞者必須感覺(jué)到它是一個(gè)單一的實(shí)體形態(tài)，而完全不靠它的食用意義或它會(huì)變成鳥(niǎo)這樣的文字概念來(lái)感覺(jué)。對(duì)于其他實(shí)體，如，貝殼、核桃、李子、梨子、蝌蚪、蘑菇、山峰、腎臟、胡蘿卜、樹(shù)干、鳥(niǎo)兒、花蕾、云雀、瓢蟲(chóng)、蘆葦以及骨頭也應(yīng)這樣來(lái)感覺(jué)。從這些形體出發(fā)，觀賞者可進(jìn)一步觀察更為復(fù)雜的形體或若干形體的組合。新概念英語(yǔ)正版圖書(shū)購(gòu)買(mǎi)點(diǎn)擊收聽(tīng)單詞發(fā)音

1sculptor

n.雕刻家，雕刻家參考例句：Asculptorformshermaterial.雕塑家把材料塑造成雕塑品。Thesculptorroundedtheclayintoasphere.那位雕塑家把黏土做成了一個(gè)球狀。2appreciation

n.評(píng)價(jià)；欣賞；感謝；領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解；價(jià)格上漲參考例句：Iwouldliketoexpressmyappreciationandthankstoyouall.我想對(duì)你們所有人表達(dá)我的感激和謝意。I'llbesendingthemadonationinappreciationoftheirhelp.我將送給他們一筆捐款以感謝他們的幫助。3attain

vt.達(dá)到，獲得，完成參考例句：Iusedthescientificmethodtoattainthisend.我用科學(xué)的方法來(lái)達(dá)到這一目的。Hispainstakingtoattainhisgoalinlifeispraiseworthy.他為實(shí)現(xiàn)人生目標(biāo)所下的苦功是值得稱贊的。4spatial

adj.空間的，占據(jù)空間的參考例句：Thispartofbrainjudgesthespatialrelationshipbetweenobjects.大腦的這部分判斷物體間的空間關(guān)系。Theysaidthattimeisthefeelingofspatialdisplacement.他們說(shuō)時(shí)間是空間位移的感覺(jué)。5visualize

vt.使看得見(jiàn)，使具體化，想象，設(shè)想?yún)⒖祭洌篒remembermeetingthemanbeforebutIcan'tvisualizehim.我記得以前見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)人，但他的樣子我想不起來(lái)了。Shecouldn'tvisualizeflyingthroughspace.她無(wú)法想像在太空中飛行的景象。6visualizes

在腦中使（某人或某物）形象化，設(shè)想，想像(visualize的名詞復(fù)數(shù))參考例句：Hementallyvisualizesacomplexformallrounditself.他在腦海里從形體的各個(gè)方面來(lái)模擬復(fù)雜的形體。Heismucholder,butdoyouthinkhevisualizesscenarios,exchanges?他年紀(jì)大很多你對(duì)他可有想入非非？7tadpole

n.[動(dòng)]蝌蚪參考例句：Asatadpolechangesintoafrog,itstailisgraduallyabsorbed.蝌蚪變成蛙，它的尾巴就逐漸被吸收掉。Itwas