高考英語一輪復習 Module 8 Unit 22 Environmental Protection綜合訓練 北師大版

Module8Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionⅠ.品句填詞1．Unfortunately，manyspeciesareindangerof________(滅絕)nowadays.2．Astheforestsarebeingdestroyed，the________(保護區(qū))forthemisbecomingnecessary.3．Unlesswecangetmore________(財政，資金)，wewillclosethehotel.4．Thescientists________(計算)usingvariouskindsofdatawhenthespacecraftwouldreachthemoon.5．Themurdererwas________(判刑)todeathforwhathehaddone.6．Scientistsare________(宣稱)amajorbreakthroughinthefightagainstcancer.7．We’ve________(分配)accommodationtoreachoftherefugees.8．Theowner________(威脅)todriveusoutofthepubifwegotdrunk.9．Thefruitis________(超過)myreach.10．Westilldon’tknowexactlyhowtheuniversefirstcameinto________(存在)．答案：1.extinction2.conservation3.finance4.calculated5.condemned6.claiming7.allocated8.threatened9.beyond10.existenceⅡ.短語識境referto;trap;leadto;considerate;apartfrom;answerfor;wrapup;carryoff;allinall;onone’sbehalf1．Evensuchasmallmistakewouldperhaps________disastrousconsequences.2．________，heismorelearnedthanhewastenyearsago.3．Thatjustaboutitfortoday.4．Mycolleaguesarenowonvocation，soI’mattendingthemeeting________.5．Whateveryoudonow，youmust________itoneday.6．Youmightbemore________towardsotherpeople.7．Shewas________intheburninghouse.8．Don’t________thismatteragain，please.Idon’twanttotalkaboutitanymore.9．________thecost，buildingahousealsotakesupalotoftime.10．She________thefirstprizeinthesingingcompetition.答案：1.leadto2.Allinall3.wraps；up4.ontheirbehalf5.answerfor6.considerate7．trapped8.referto9.Apartfrom10.carriedoffⅢ.完成句子1．那位老師輪流幫助每一位學生，此事占用了他大量的時間。Theteacherhelpedeachofthechildren________________，whichtookupalotofhistime.2．一旦得到命令，消防隊會立刻采取措施。Oncetheygottheorder，thefirefighters________________immediately.3．在那兒他有太多難過的回憶，他永遠離開了那個地方。Hehadtoomanysadmemoriesthereandlefttheplace________________.4．租金要提前3個月支付。Rentshallbepaidthreemonths________________.5．在一定程度上我贊成你。Iagreewithyou________________________.答案：1.inturn2.tookaction3.forgood4.inadvance5.tosomedegreeⅣ.單項填空1．—It’salongtimesinceIsawmysister.—________herthisweekend？(·全國)A．WhynotvisitingB．WhynottovisitC．WhynotvisitD．Whydon’tvisit解析：考查交際用語。Whydon’tyou...？和Whynotdo...？表示提出建議，是“你為什么不做……”之意，解題方法探討：交際用語是日常生活中的語言，用的最多。所以要求考生熟悉各種場景下運用什么樣的語言來回答，并準確地掌握中西方文化的不同之處。答案：C2．Ihaveofferedtopaintthehouse________aweek’saccommodation.(·山東)A．inexchangeforB．withregardtoC．bymeansofD．inplaceof解析：考查介詞短語的辨析。句意為：作為一周住宿的交換條件，我已經(jīng)主動提出粉刷房屋。withregardto“關于，至于”；bymeansof“通過……方法”；inplaceof“代替”；inexchangeof“作為交換條件”。解題方法探討：介詞短語在高考中考查的頻率很高。要求考生們在平時學習中熟記短語，加強練習。答案：A3．Elizabethhasalreadyachievedsuccess________herwildestdreams.(·陜西)A．a(chǎn)tB．beyondC．withinD．upon解析：beyondone’swildestdreams為固定短語，意思是“超出某人的想象”。解題方法探討：beyond屬于用法較靈活的介詞之一。但beyond所構成的短語都離不開beyond的本意“超過”(某個數(shù)量，限度)，所以記beyond短語時要發(fā)揮想象。答案：B4．Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonly________violence.(·浙江)A．runsintoB．comesfromC．leadstoD．beginswith解析：句意為：我們認為戰(zhàn)爭不能解決任何問題，它只能導致暴力。leadto意為“導致，引起”，解決方法探討見第5題。答案：C5．—They’requiet，aren’tthey?—Yes.Theyareaccustomed________atmeals.(·江蘇)A．totalkB．tonottalkC．totalkingD．tonottalking解析：beaccustomedto后跟動名詞作賓語，動名詞的否定形式應該在動名詞的前面加not。解題方法探討：to是不定式符號還是介詞對考生來說是個難點。要求平時熟記to為介詞的幾個短語就可以了。答案：D6．—Whoisthatgirlon________redbike?—LucyJenkins，________artstudentsin________BeijingUniversity.A．a(chǎn)；an；theB．the；an；/C．the；the；/D．a(chǎn)；the；/解析：考查冠詞。第一個空是特指，表示“騎紅色自行車的女孩”；第二個空是LucyJenkins的同位語，表示泛指；BeijingUniversity是專有名詞，不加冠詞。答案：B7．—Sorry，Mary.Iwasabitrudetoyoujustnow.—________，butdon’tdothatagain.A．GotitB．ForgetitC．That’sallrightD．Takeiteasy解析：考查交際用語。本句是回答sorry，故選擇Forgetit“沒關系”；Gotit“明白了”；That’sallright“沒什么”；Takeiteasy“別急，慢慢來”。答案：B8．Wewerelatebecausetheroadwasso________thatwehadtodrivecarefullyatlowspeed.A．spaciousB．smoothC．roughD．irregular解析：考查形容詞。由drivecarefullyatlowspeed可知前文意思應是“路不平”；rough“(道路等)崎嶇的，不平的”；spacious“寬敞的”；smooth“平整的”；irregular“不規(guī)則的，沒有規(guī)律的”。答案：C9．—Whynotgoonapicnicthisweekend?—Goodidea.Iwill________youatsevenonSaturdaymorning.A．a(chǎn)nswerforB．a(chǎn)ccountforC．lookforD．callfor解析：考查短語動詞。callforsb.“去接某人”；answerfor“對……負責”；accountfor“解釋，說明”；lookfor“尋找”。答案：D10．Therewasmudandwatereverywhere，________ithardtotravelfromplacetoplace.A．tomakeB．madeC．havingmadeD．making解析：考查非謂語動詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞making作結果狀語，表示前句所造成的結果。答案：DⅤ.閱讀理解Wehavemettheenemyandheisours.Weboughthimatapetshop.Whenmonkey-pox，adiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforest，suddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericansMidwest，it’shardnottowonderifthediseasethatcomesfromforeignanimalsishominginonhumanbeings.“Mostoftheinfections(感染)wethinkofashumaninfectionsstartedinotheranimals，”saysStephenMorsedirectoroftheCenterforPublicHealthPreparednessatColumbiaUniversity.It’snotjustthatwe’regoingtowheretheanimalsare；we’realsobringingthemclosertous.Popularforeignpetshavebroughtawholenewdiseasetothiscountry.AstrangeillnesskilledIsaksen’spets，andshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadidea.“Idon’tthinkit’sfairtohavethemaspetswhenwehavesuchalimitedknowledgeofthem，”saysIsaksen.“Lawsallowingtheseanimalstobebroughtinfromdeepforestareaswithoutstrictercontrolneedchanging”，saysPeterSchantz.Monkey-poxmaybethe_wake-up_call.Researchersbelieveinfectedanimalsmayinfecttheirowners.Weknowverylittleaboutthesenewdiseases.Anewbug(病毒)maybekindatfirst.Butitmaydevelopintosomethingharmful(有害的)．Monkey-poxdoesn’tlookamajorinfectiousdisease.Butitisnotimpossibletopassthediseasefrompersontoperson.1．WelearnfromParagraph1thatthepetsoldattheshopmay________.A．comefromColumbiaB．preventusfrombeinginfectedC．enjoybeingwithchildrenD．sufferfrommonkey-pox解析：推理判斷題。從第一段Wehavemettheenemyandheisours.Weboughthimatapetshop.Whenmonkey-pox，adiseaseusuallyfoundintheAfricanrainforestsuddenlyturnsupinchildrenintheAmericansMidwest，可知，商店里買的寵物帶有一種疾病。答案：D2．WhydidIsaksenadvisepeoplenottohaveforeignpets?A．Theyattackhumanbeings.B．Weneedtostudynativeanimals.C．Theycan’tliveoutoftherainforest.D．Wedonotknowmuchaboutthemyet.解析：細節(jié)判斷題。Isaksen’spetsandshenowthinksthatkeepingforeignpetsisabadidea。答案：D3．Whatdoesthephrase“thewake-upcall”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A．Anewdisease.B．Aclearwarning.C．Adangerousanimal.D．Amorningcall.解析：詞義理解題。大多數(shù)感染(感染)認為人類感染始于其他動物，故養(yǎng)動物寵物的人很容易受到感染，故此研究者喚醒養(yǎng)動物寵物人的注意。答案：B4．Thetextsuggeststhatinthefuturewe________.A．mayhavetofightagainstmorenewdiseasesB．mayeasilygetinfectedbydiseasesfromdogsC．shouldnotbeallowedtohavepetsD．shouldstopbuyingpetsfromAfrica解析：主題大意題。從最后一段可知，會有更多的病毒由動物傳染給人，故此人類要不斷與新的疾病作斗爭。答案：A英語文化憩園(教師用書獨具)英語脫口秀怎樣用英語來點菜呢？下面我們一起來學習用地道的英語點菜吧?！境Ｓ镁湫汀?預定餐館一般情況下，去飯店之前要預約：1．A：Hello，thisistheParkRestaurant.MayIhelpyou?B：I’dliketomakeareservationforeightpeopleat6∶00tonight.A：Howmanyinyourgroup?B：Weareagroupofeight./I’dliketoreserveatableforeight.A：OK.2．A：I’msorry.Weareallbookeduptonight./I’msorry.Wearequitefulltonight.B：Howlongdowehavetowait?3．I’msorry，butIhavetocancelmyreservation.*點菜1．如果要直接點菜，可以這么說：MayIhaveamenu，please?MayIorderaglassofbeer?Whatkindsofdessertsdoyouhave?I’dliketohavesomeorange.Pleasegivemethisone.2．如果對當?shù)氐牟穗炔皇煜?，通常這么問：Whatisthespecialityoftherestaurant?Doyouhaveanyspecialmealstoday?Whatwouldyourecommend?Iprefersomethinglight.3．可以讓同來的人替你點菜，或者點和別人一樣的菜：Iwillleaveittoyou.Iwillhavethesameasthatone.4．需要叫菜時，可以這么說：Pleasetakemyorder.5．如果不急于點菜時，可以這么說：CouldIhaveafewmoreminutes?*飯桌上可以這么評價菜：Itsmellsgood./Itlooksgreat./Thislooksdelicious./Mymouthiswatering.Itdoesn’ttastegood.Itisspicy./It’shot./It’ssalty./It’ssweet./It’stoogreasy./It’stoooily.I’mveryfull./Icouldn’teatanotherbite./Ihavehadenough.*付款可以采用不同的方式來結賬：Doyouaccept/takecreditcards?Bill，please./WhereshouldIpay?It’sonme./Thisismytreat./I’llpayforit./I’lltreatyou.Let’sspiltthebill./Let’sdividethecost./We’dliketopayseparately.Keepthechange./MayIhaveareceipt(發(fā)票)，please?【小試身手】補全對話：從A、B、C和D中選擇適當?shù)木渥油瓿蓪υ?。Woman：Thisisareallyexpensiveplace.________Man：Don’tworryaboutthat.It’sonme.Waiter：Goodafternoon.________Man：Justthetwoofus.Waiter：Allright.Followmeplease.Hereisourmenuwiththespecialslistedontheright.Iwouldespeciallyrecommendthelobstersteak.Thelobsterisveryfresh.Woman：IthinkIwilljusthavethesoupandsalad，please.Man：Whatareyoutalkingabout?Whydon’twebothgettwolobstersteaks?Itsoundsgreat.Waiter，we’dliketwolobstersteaks.Waiter：Yes，sir.________Woman：Mediumrare，please.Waiter：Andyou，sir?Man：Iwillhavethesameashers.Waiter：Anythingtodrinktoday?Man：Yes.Ibelievewewillhavetwoglassesofyourbestredwine.Waiter：________Man：Yes，thankyou.A．Howwouldyoulikeyoursteakdone?B．Howmanypeopletoday?C．Verygood，wouldthatbeall?D．Areyousureyouwanttoeathere?Keys：DBAC與感恩節(jié)有關的英語詞匯TalkTurkey：打開窗戶說亮話，嚴肅談某事相傳在北美殖民時期，一個白人和一個印第安人去打獵，事先說好了平分打到的獵物。結果一天下來只打到一只火雞和一只鷓鴣。白人心里想要火雞，但又不敢直接說，于是對印第安人說：“如果你想要火雞，就拿去吧！鷓鴣雖小一些，味道卻很鮮美；如果你喜歡鷓鴣，我就拿火雞了。”印第安人一聽就明白了，于是針鋒相對地說：“你一直講火雞，現(xiàn)在讓我也講講火雞吧！”于是talkturkey演變成了“打開窗戶說亮話，談正經(jīng)事，坦誠地說話”的意思了。如：1.Ifyouarewillingtotalkturkey，theproblembetweenuscanbeeasilysettled.如果你愿意實實在在地說話，那么我們之間的問題就可以很容易地解決。2.Generallyheisaneasy-goingperson，butwhenitcomestoreligiousbeliefhetalksturkey.一般來說，他是一個隨和的人，但一談到宗教信仰，他就正經(jīng)起來。haveaturkeyon(one’s)back喝醉酒redasturkeycock氣得滿面通紅swelllikeaturkeycock氣勢洶洶的發(fā)作Thanksgivingdinner感恩節(jié)正餐Thanksgivingturkey感恩節(jié)火雞中國小吃，外國菜名中式早點：燒餅clayovenrolls；油條friedbreadstick；韭菜盒friedleekdumplings；水餃boileddumplings；蒸餃steameddumplings；饅頭steamedbuns；飯團riceandvegetableroll；蛋餅eggcakes；皮蛋100yearegg；咸鴨蛋saltedduckegg；豆?jié){soybeanmilk飯類：稀飯riceporridge；白飯plainwhiterice；油飯glutinousoilrice；糯米飯glutinousrice；鹵肉飯braisedporkrice；蛋炒飯friedricewithegg面類：餛鈍面wonton&noodles；刀削面slicednoodles；麻辣面spicyhotnoodles；麻醬面sesamepastenoodles湯類：魚丸湯fishballsoup；貢丸湯meatballsoup；蛋花湯egg&vegetablesoup；紫菜湯seaweedsoup；酸辣湯hot&soursoup；餛飩湯wontonsoup大排檔趣味英語翻譯烤串成了大家愛吃的街邊美味，如果把烤串翻譯成英文，還是比較有趣的，如果和你的國外朋友去吃烤串，不妨參考以下翻譯。肉串Skewer(lamb)肉筋Tendon(lamb)板筋Tendon(beef)脆骨Cartilage雞心Chickenhearts燒餅Griddlesavourycake小腰Smallkidney(lamb)饅頭片Crispybunslices雞翅Chickenwing大腰子Bigkidney(lamb)骨肉相連Cartilage&chicken傳統(tǒng)中文菜名的爆笑英文翻譯語言之間的互譯本來就不是容易的事，要再碰上點本國特有的文化，簡直有點翻譯不通。直譯絕對行不通，意譯又導致語義不明確。如何在這兩者之間求取一個平衡，就成了非常難搞定的事兒。想當年的魯迅先生，雖然文才了得，但在翻譯這上頭，也做了個不尷不尬?？梢姺g絕非易事啊。中國的飲食文化堪稱一絕，許多烹飪方法與食材都是外國人聞所未聞見所未見的。所以在菜名的翻譯上，常常有笑話產(chǎn)生。前幾年稱北京旅游局對外發(fā)布了一個《中文菜名英文譯法》，將大部分的中文菜名英文譯法統(tǒng)一起來，在各大飯店推廣，以便外國游客能真的看懂看全。這也算一件好事。具體到每個譯法上看，有些菜名的翻譯雖然是委屈求全，但要求更好恐怕也有點強人所難了。畢竟，語言文化上很多精髓都是只可意會不可言傳的。下面就拿一些常見的菜名來看看。1．直譯類，這類比較簡單鍋貼potsticker(這個翻譯非常直接，鍋就是鍋，貼就是貼)酸辣湯hot&soursoup(又辣又酸的湯)春卷springrolls(春天的卷)檸檬牛肉lemonbeef炒雜菜mixedvegetable(混合在一起的菜)叫化雞beggarschicken(乞丐雞)四喜丸子fourjoymeatballs(四個快樂的肉球)清蒸魚steamfish火鍋hotpot(熱鍋)烤鴨roastedduck可以看到以上一些翻譯，沒有涉及文化內(nèi)涵，而僅僅涉及制作方法或者口味的，似乎比較容易成功，而類似“四喜丸子”這樣的菜名譯法，看起來令人忍俊不禁。2．音譯類餛飩wonton叉燒charshiu炒面chowmein撈面lomein炒河粉chowfun豆腐tofu麻婆豆腐marbohtofu從這類翻譯中我們可以看出中國文化遠走他鄉(xiāng)，在異國生根，被異國文化所包容接納的一面。3．曲譯類中國菜名中一些非常有詩意的元素，用英文實在無法體現(xiàn)出來。白云鳳爪chickenleg(雞腳)四寶豆腐羹steamtofusoup(蒸豆腐湯)游龍戲鳳chicken，shrimp，squid/mixedvegetable(雞，蝦，魷魚，雜菜)炒素丁vegetableroll(菜卷子)鴛鴦饅頭shanghaibuns(上海饅頭)雪哈紅蓮birdnestredbeansoup(鳥窩紅豆湯)百年好合redbeanfreshlilybulb(紅豆百合莖)在以上菜名中，有一些綜合了中國歷史、戲曲、民俗等方面的內(nèi)容于一身，用英文根本無法傳遞其中復雜的內(nèi)涵，于是只好用所采用的食材來予以替代。而部分食材例如燕窩，英文翻譯為“鳥窩，鳥巢”，則讓人覺得非常難以接受。其實在翻譯菜名的過程中，專家已經(jīng)將其分別歸類，大概可以分為這么幾種：第一，以主料開頭。如“l(fā)emonbeef”。第二，以烹飪方法開頭，如“roastedduck”。第三，以口感開頭，如“crispychicken”。第四，以人名或地名開頭，如“mabohtofu”。有一些菜名相對于從前的翻譯，已經(jīng)有了很大的進步，一些創(chuàng)造性的譯法，也讓人感覺到了一絲幽默。比如“田園素小炒”成了“讓素食主義者高興的菜”。形影不離的名詞詞組1．kingandqueen國王和王后Insidethepyramidaretheroomsforthebodiesofthekingsandqueens.金字塔內(nèi)是國王和王后的墓室。2．knifeandfork一副刀叉