高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計二輪用書英語(新高考)專題2 NO.3　易錯防范•明辨“陷阱”不丟分

高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2024專題二七選五NO.3易錯防范?明辨“陷阱”不丟分易錯點1易錯點2目錄索引0102易錯點303七選五選項的設(shè)置兼顧語篇、段落和句際三個方面,選項可分為主旨句(段落整體內(nèi)容)、過渡句(文章結(jié)構(gòu))和細(xì)節(jié)句(上下文邏輯)三類。

干擾項往往也從這三個方面設(shè)置,如主旨句過于寬泛、以偏概全或偏離主題,過渡句不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu),細(xì)節(jié)句與上下文脫節(jié)等,這就對考生提出了更高的要求。七選五是許多考生心中的一條“?！?為什么這么說呢?因為該題型出現(xiàn)錯誤時常是“連環(huán)奪命殺”,不錯則已,一錯到底!易錯點1不能只看同詞復(fù)現(xiàn),要結(jié)合前后句邏輯七選五上下文語境中往往出現(xiàn)原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞、近義詞表達(dá),這是考生解題的一個重要線索,但是也不能“一葉障目,不見森林”?？忌吹皆~匯復(fù)現(xiàn)就選答案,而忽視了設(shè)空處也有可能是考查句子間的邏輯。因此,只有真正理解文章的主旨大意,弄清楚前后句子的確切含義,然后才能根據(jù)意義的連貫性從七個選項中選出正確答案。最后要將所選的選項代入原文,看短文語言是否通順,邏輯是否合理,從而驗證答案。[典例]

(2021新高考全國Ⅰ卷)38.The

food

is

so

delicious

that

you

don’t

need

much

of

it

to

make

you

happy.French

strawberries

do

not...flavor

bombs.

39

On

our

first

morning

in

Paris,I

went

around

the

corner

to

the

food

market

to

pick

up

some

groceries.I

bought

a

handful

of

perfectly

ripe

small

strawberries

and

a

little

sweet

melon.My

husband

and

I

agreed

they

were

the

best

fruit

we

had

ever

eaten.But

they

cost

$18!

A.Not

all

the

customers

are

tourists.B.The

quality

of

life

in

France

is

equally

excellent.C.There

was

a

nice

kitchen

and

a

comfortable

bed.D.The

amazing

food

is

mainly

consumed

by

local

farmers.E.That’s

not

the

only

reason

the

French

eat

less

than

we

do.F.Our

aim

was

to

see

if

we

could

live,in

some

way,like

real

Parisians.G.The

food

is

so

delicious

that

you

don’t

need

much

of

it

to

make

you

happy.?分析

上一段講述巴黎的食物非常美味,人們吃一點就很滿足?？蘸笾v作者和丈夫發(fā)現(xiàn)巴黎的食物很貴,暗含上一段所述情況不是法國人吃得少的唯一原因?？忌吹皆~出現(xiàn)“the

food”而誤選D項或G項。[自主解答]

E易錯點2不能只看設(shè)空位置,要跳出段落看邏輯句子在段落中的位置不同,所起的作用也不同。命題人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三種設(shè)空方式,正是利用設(shè)空位置的暗示作用和設(shè)空上下文的提示作用來考查考生的邏輯思維能力。但是考生不能只看設(shè)空位置,一定要跳出段落看邏輯關(guān)系來游刃有余地解題。位置1設(shè)空在段首[典例](2021全國乙卷)

36

,if

you’re

out

of

your

comfort

zone

or

if

you’re

wandering

into

somebody’s

house

for

the

first

time.So

the

main

thing

is

just

to

show

up

and

be

adventurous,trying

different

foods

and

talking

to

strangers.

A.How

do

you

know

the

hostB.The

first

step

is

to

go

exploringC.If

you

ask

the

question

“How

did

you

get

here?”D.Be

prepared

to

have

awkward

conversations

with

strangersE.Or

turn

the

conversation

into

a

topic

where

they

have

little

to

sayF.What

about

that

person

who

has

had

too

much

to

drink

or

won’t

stop

talkingG.He

or

she

is

the

person

who

is

feeling

the

weight

of

that

awkwardness

the

most?分析

根據(jù)空后的“if

you’re

out

of...for

the

first

time”可知,空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)與走出舒適區(qū)或者第一次去別人的家里的做法有關(guān),再結(jié)合下文的“just

to

show

up...talking

to

strangers”可知,要現(xiàn)身(宴會),并敢于冒險,去嘗試不同的食物以及和陌生人交談。在做此題時,除了要關(guān)注設(shè)空位置,還要結(jié)合空格后面的句子才能最終確定答案。[自主解答]

點撥

考生在解答段首句題目時,不要僅局限于主旨句、總結(jié)句和過渡句,而是應(yīng)利用上一段尾句和空后第一、二句確定相關(guān)信息詞,從而確定正確答案。B位置2設(shè)空在段中[典例](2021全國乙卷)And

what

about

that

other

dinner-party

killer:awkward

silence?If

you’re

faced

with

an

awkward

silence

at

a

dinner

party,the

only

thing

that

always

gets

everyone

talking

again

is

to

give

the

host

a

compliment

(贊揚).

40

.Just

quickly

turn

around

and

say,“This

cake

is

extremely

delicious

and

you

have

to

tell

me

all

about

it.”

D.Be

prepared

to

have

awkward

conversations

with

strangersG.He

or

she

is

the

person

who

is

feeling

the

weight

of

that

awkwardness

the

most?分析

本題設(shè)空類型屬于段中細(xì)節(jié)句。空前一句中的關(guān)鍵詞語“an

awkward

silence”和“the

host”分別與G項中的“that

awkwardness”和“He

or

she

is

the

person”呼應(yīng)。D項雖然也有關(guān)鍵詞復(fù)現(xiàn),但是不符合前后句語境和文章大意。[自主解答]

點撥

考生在解答段中句題目時,不要僅局限于過渡句,而有可能是細(xì)節(jié)句,所以要注意前后句的邏輯關(guān)系,從而確定正確答案。G位置3設(shè)空在段尾[典例1](2021浙江卷1月)You

run

into

the

grocery

store

to

pick

up

one

bottle

of

water.You

get

what

you

need,head

to

the

front,and

choose

the

line

that

looks

fastest.You

chose

wrong.People

who

you

swear

got

in

other

lines

long

after

you

are

already

checked

out

and

off

to

the

parking

lot.

31

It

turns

out,it’s

just

math

working

against

you;chances

are,the

other

line

really

is

faster.A.Why

does

this

always

seem

to

happen

to

you?E.How

high

is

the

probability

that

you

are

in

the

fastest

waiting

line??分析

本題設(shè)空類型屬于段尾過渡句。上文提到你明明選了看上去最快的隊伍,但是那些站在其他隊伍中遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)在你之后的人都先結(jié)賬離開了,下文分析這種現(xiàn)象是概率問題。由此可推斷,此空應(yīng)是提出問題“為什么這種事好像總是發(fā)生在你身上?”承接上文,并引出下文,闡明文章主題。[自主解答]

A[典例2]

(2020新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Even

the

most

successful

public

speaker

will

make

mistakes.Yet,the

only

one

who

cares

about

any

mistake

is

the

one

who

is

speaking.People’s

attention

wanders

constantly.In

fact,most

people

only

absorb

about

20

percent

of

a

speaker’s

message.So,don’t

stop

speaking

when

you

make

a

mistake

unless

it’s

a

truly

serious

one.

18

B.You

want

to

be

an

effective

public

speaker.C.You

don’t

need

to

apologize

for

a

minor

slip.E.The

objective

of

most

speeches

is

to

benefit

the

audience.?分析

本題為細(xì)節(jié)句。由本段第一句(即使是最成功的演說家也會犯錯誤)和第四、五句(事實上,大多數(shù)人只大約吸收了演講者信息的20%。所以,當(dāng)你犯錯誤時,不要停止演講,除非是非常嚴(yán)重的錯誤)可知答案。而且C選項中的a

minor

slip對應(yīng)第五句中的a

truly

serious

one。[自主解答]

點撥

考生在解答段尾句題目時,不要僅局限于總結(jié)句,而有可能是過渡句或者細(xì)節(jié)句,所以要注意前后句的邏輯關(guān)系,從而確定正確答案。C易錯點3不能只看上下句,要結(jié)合段落扣主題七選五語篇組織得很嚴(yán)謹(jǐn),段落與段落之間邏輯分明,往往每一段都只講整個文章的一方面,或只交代整個過程的一部分或一個環(huán)節(jié),每一段作用不同,每一段中不同部分也各有其功能和作用。因此,考生答題時,不能只看上下句,要結(jié)合段落扣主題;一定要準(zhǔn)確地理解文章脈絡(luò),把握語篇整體內(nèi)容和基本結(jié)構(gòu),厘清上下文的邏輯和語義銜接關(guān)系,使補(bǔ)全的短文邏輯通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。[典例]

(2022全國乙卷)Friendship

needs

care

and

attention

to

keep

it

in

good

health.Here

are

five

ways

to

sustain(保持)

long-distance

friendships.·Set

a

regular

dateLong-lasting

friendships

share

the

characteristic

that

both

sides

equally

contact

(聯(lián)系)

and

share

with

one

another.With

busy

schedules,squeezing

in

phone

calls

can

be

a

challenge.

36

.

C.It

is

also

helpful

for

you

to

be

a

friendship

keeperD.Try

to

find

a

time

that

works

for

both

of

you

and

stick

to

it?分析

空前提到雙方忙碌,可能會難以找到時間打電話。根據(jù)該段小標(biāo)題“Set

a

regular

date”可知,此段主要建議朋友間設(shè)定一個固定時間來聯(lián)系,所選項應(yīng)緊扣這個段落主題。做題時,若只關(guān)注空格上下句,很容易錯選,還要緊扣段落主題確定最終答案。[自主解答]

D課堂應(yīng)用A(2021新高考全國Ⅱ卷)Iftheonlyreadingyoueverdoisthenovelormagazine,thespeedatwhichyoureadprobablydoesnotmatterverymuch.Butifyouhavetoreadagreatdealforstudy,youwillappreciatethebenefitsofbeingabletoreadmorequickly.

1

·Beforeyouopenthebook,makesurethatyouarecomfortable.Youneedaseatwhichsupportsyourbackandthebookshouldbeattherightdistancefromyoureyes.

2

·

3

Lookatthetableofcontents,thepreface,thechapterheading,etc.Thiswillhelpyoutodecidewhetheryoureallyneedtoreadthewholebookoronlycertainpartsofit.Tenminutesspentinthiswaycouldsaveyouquitealotoftimeinthelongrun.

·Ifyoudecidethatyouneedtoreadthewholebook,decidehowmuchyoucanreadatatime.

4

Ahistorybookwhichmaycontainthefactsinstoryformwillbeeasiertoreadthanonedealingwithscientificsubjects.Intheformercaseyoumaybeabletoreadachapter.Inthelatteryoumayonlybeabletoreadonepage.

·Alwayskeepapencilandpaperbesideyou.

5

Notealsothefactsimportantforyourpurposeaswellasanythingwhichleadsyoutofurtherresearch.Youdon’thavetowritethesethingsindetail.Itisenoughtoputthepagenumberandoneortwowordsasareminder.

A.Stoptohavearestnowandthen.B.Spendafewminuteslookingthroughthebook.C.Thisdependsonthetypeofbookyouarereading.D.Herearesometipstohelpimproveyourreadingspeed.E.Makeanoteofanypagewhichisofspecialimportance.F.Youmayfindyourselfhavingtolearnsomethingbyheart.G.Keeptheroomcoolratherthanwarmtoavoidfeelingsleepy.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在學(xué)習(xí)中面對大量需要閱讀的材料或者書籍時,可以提高閱讀速度的幾種方法。1.D

解析

設(shè)空處上文提到“But

if

you

have

to

read

a

great

deal

for

study,you

will

appreciate

the

benefits

of

being

able

to

read

more

quickly.”下文又介紹了幾種能夠提高閱讀速度的方法。故設(shè)空處的句子應(yīng)承接上文并引出下文的建議。D項(此處是一些幫助你提高閱讀速度的建議)符合語境。2.G

解析

設(shè)空處前介紹了選擇合適的座位及與書本之間保持合適的視距,這兩者都與感覺舒適有關(guān)。G項(為避免感到困倦,要保持房間涼爽而不是溫暖)也與身體感覺舒適有關(guān),符合語境。3.B

解析

再結(jié)合設(shè)空處后的“Look

at

the

table

of

contents,the

preface,the

chapter

heading,etc.”可知,本段講的是要瀏覽書本的大概內(nèi)容。B項(花幾分鐘瀏覽下這本書)為本段的主旨概括,符合語境。3.B

解析

再結(jié)合設(shè)空處后的“Look

at

the

table

of

contents,the

preface,the

chapter

heading,etc.”可知,本段講的是要瀏覽書本的大概內(nèi)容。B項(花幾分鐘瀏覽下這本書)為本段的主旨概括,符合語境。4.C

解析

設(shè)空處后舉例說明歷史書與科學(xué)書因題材不同而造成每次的閱讀量不同,C項(這取決于你正在讀的書的類型)中的This指代上文中的“how

much

you

can

read

at

a

time”且能呼應(yīng)下文,為承上啟下的句子,符合語境。B(2020全國Ⅱ卷)Emoji(表情符號)

and

Workplace

CommunicationInAsia,messagingplatformsaregrowingrapidly,withusersinthehundredsofmillions,bothatworkandplay.

6

.It’sbeenreportedthat76percentofemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.

Writtencommunicationscanoftenreadascoldanddull.Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.

7

,encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication.

Inanygivenoffice,employeescanrangefromage22to70andbeyond,andfindingcommongroundincommunicationstylecanbeachallenge.

8

.Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefertocommunicatevisually,forthoseusedtoworkingwithtraditionaltoolslikeemail,itmayfeellikealearningcurve(曲線).Thegoodnewsisthatit’ssimpletolearnandcanbeworththeeffort.

Thereisalsothematteroftone(語氣).Whohasn’treceivedanemailsoannoyingthatitruinedanentireday?

9

.Emojicanhelpcommunicationfeelfriendlier,andevena