2021英語外研版選擇性必修第四冊(cè)教用文檔

兼送。作文巧升格Guidedwriting

IACI)ANLJ《〉WEZ，

r~j^：體指導(dǎo)二~i

對(duì)比文

也許你在考試、工作和日常生活中經(jīng)常需要比較和對(duì)比事物，這時(shí)你撰寫的

文章就是對(duì)比文。一般來說，這類文章通常是對(duì)事物的正反兩個(gè)方面或者兩種不

同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，從而得出結(jié)論。

這類作文是以考生面臨的兩種選擇為主題，最終以考生本人的選擇和態(tài)度歸

結(jié)全文。如果考生對(duì)選擇的態(tài)度是明確的，即二者選其一，那么考生分別闡述兩

種不同的觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候應(yīng)該有自己的主觀傾向性。比如：對(duì)贊成事物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)要詳

寫，缺點(diǎn)要略寫；對(duì)反對(duì)的事物則反之，從而使自己的觀點(diǎn)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。如果考生

的態(tài)度是不明確的，即兩者各有利弊，那么就不應(yīng)該完全肯定某一個(gè)事物，也不

應(yīng)該徹底否認(rèn)另一個(gè)事物。如果個(gè)人看法與文章前面列舉的某種觀點(diǎn)相同或相似

并且需要論述理由時(shí)，考生要避免簡(jiǎn)單地重復(fù)前面提到的論點(diǎn)。

［基本框架］

開頭：闡述標(biāo)題中涉及的現(xiàn)象并且提出問題。

主體：兩種選擇以及其理由或者優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

結(jié)尾：綜合前面的分析，表明自己的態(tài)度或者做法，并且簡(jiǎn)述選擇的理由。

［常用詞塊］

1.anattempttoreachaconsensus達(dá)成共識(shí)的嘗試

2.opposechangingthelaw反對(duì)改變這個(gè)法規(guī)

3.aheatedargument一場(chǎng)激烈的爭(zhēng)論

4.beregardedasimmoral被認(rèn)為是不道德的

5.takeaccountofenvironmentalissues考慮各方面的環(huán)境問題

6.infavourofequalpayforequalwork支持同工同酬

7.asfarassb.beconcerned就某人而言

8.whenitcomesto(doing)sth.當(dāng)涉及(做)某事時(shí)

［常用語句］

★精彩開頭

1.Thereisnoconsensusofopinionsamongpeopleasto…人們對(duì)...沒有共

識(shí)。

2.Whenitcomesto...,people'sopinions/ideas/viewsvaryfrompersontoperson.

當(dāng)涉及……，人們的觀點(diǎn)因人而異。

3.Whenasked...,peoplehavedifferentopinions.當(dāng)被問及.,人們有不同

的觀點(diǎn)。

4.Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.不同的人有不同的觀點(diǎn)。

5.Thereisaheateddebateover…關(guān)于.有一場(chǎng)激烈的爭(zhēng)論。

6.Opinionsaremainlydividedintotwogroups.意見主要分為兩類。

★豐滿主體

1.Manypeopleholdtheviewthat…許多人認(rèn)為...

2.Itiscommonlyacceptedthat…人們普遍認(rèn)為...

3.However,somepeopletakeadifferentattitude.然而,有些人持不同的態(tài)度。

4.Theyregardthat...他們認(rèn)為...

5.Somepeoplewhoareinfavouroftheideaof...holdthat...支持這種觀點(diǎn)的人

認(rèn)為……

6.Ontheonehand,...Ontheotherhand,…一方面，...另一方面，

★余味結(jié)尾

X.Asforme/inmyeyes/inmyviewpoint,…至于我/在我看來/在我看來，...

2.AsfarasIamconcerned,Istronglyoppose…就我而言，我強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)...

3.Takingalltheaboveintoaccount,Istandonthesideof...綜上所述，我支

持……

二堂以致用工

移動(dòng)支付已經(jīng)全面走進(jìn)我們的生活，但人們對(duì)此褒貶不一。一家英語報(bào)社現(xiàn)

以移動(dòng)支付為話題向中學(xué)生征文，請(qǐng)結(jié)合它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，以及你的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)寫

一篇征文。

注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；

2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

參考詞匯：移動(dòng)支付mobilepayment；電子賬戶e-account

【參考范文】

MobilepaymentisbecomingincreasinglypopularinChina.But,people's

opinionsaredividedonthecashlesspayment.

Mostpeoplearguethatitisquickandconvenient,aswellassaves

paper.However,thosenotinfavourofitworryaboutthesafetyofe-accounts,from

whichhackersmaystealmoneyeasily.

Inmyopinion,almostallthee-accountsareinsuredandavailableonlywith

passwordsorfingerprints.Therefore,Iamdeeplyconvincedthatitsadvantagesfar

outweighitsdisadvantagesandthegreenpaymentdeservestobepromoted.

Unit4Everydayeconomics

導(dǎo)讀。話題砂切入Stimulateyourimaginationandpotential

DACDUHUATIMIACQIERU

X.Themarketdoesnotbelieveintears,andtheworkplacedoesnotsympathize

withtheweak!

市場(chǎng)不相信眼淚，職場(chǎng)也不同情弱者！

2.Inthemoderneconomy,knowledgeisbecomingtherealcapitalandthe

primarywealth.

在現(xiàn)代化經(jīng)濟(jì)中，知識(shí)正成為真正的資本與首要的財(cái)富。

3.Agriculturalproductionisthefirstpriorityinoureconomicconstruction.

農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)居我們經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)工作的第一位。

4.Fairgainingsmakefairspendings.

堂堂正正地賺錢，才能堂堂正正地花錢。

5.Nomanshouldreceiveadollarunlessthatdollarhasbeenfairlyearned.

倘不是公平掙得，一塊錢也不能拿。

，話題感悟］

Moneyisindeedimportant,butmoneycannotbuyeverything.Amisermaythink

that“moneytalks"，butifyouonlygiveyourattentiontomakingmoney,youmay

losemanythings,suchashealth,friendshipandlove.Idon'tthinkweshouldregard

moneyaseverything.Moneyisjustatoolthatcanhelpussolveproblemsorenableus

toliveacomfortablelife.Whatweshoulddoistouseitappropriatelyandnotbecome

misers.Thisway,allofuscanleadahappierlife.

匚^姜文欣:童工1

Doyouhaveabusinessbrain?Areyoualwayslookingforthenextbigidea?

Maybe,likeme,youmightfeelsettingupanewcompanyissomethingyoumightdo

whenyou'reolder,whenyouhavemoreexperience.Butthat'snotalwaysthecase.

Whilesomeofusmayfeelyoungadulthoodisatimeoftentatively（不確定地）

findingourplaceintheworld,sleepinglateandpartyinghard,othersarealreadyon

thepathtogreatbusinesssuccess.TakethefounderofMicrosoft,BillGates,who

startedhiscompanyasayounguniversitystudentatHarvardintheUS.Thereare

manyotherexamplesofyoungentrepreneurs（倉(cāng)U業(yè)者）whohavebecomehugely

successful,provingthatthere'snominimumagetobecomingtopdog.

Buttobethenextbusinessexecutiverequires

effort.Youneedtoacquireakeenmindandgoodbusiness

brainandaboveall,youneedenthusiasm.Startinganew

businesscomeswithanelementofriskbutifyouareableto

spotthenextbigidea,it'sprobablyworthgivingitatry.

［探究發(fā)現(xiàn)］

1.Findoutmostpeople'sopinionaboutstartingabusiness.

Theymighldoitwhentheyareolderandwhentheyhavemor〉experience.

2.Findoutthemainideaofthesecondparagraph.

Thereisnominimumagetostartourbusiness.

3.Findoutthemostimportantfactortobeabusinessexecutive.

Enthusiasm.

沅讀。技能初養(yǎng)成Developingideas

二謖文助，讀Q

閱讀教材P44-45課文，選出最佳選項(xiàng)

1.Whichoneisnotthebenefitofthesharingeconomy?

A.Savingmoney.

B.Makingmoney.

C.Leakingpersonalinformation.

D.Makingfriends.

2.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthesharingeconomy?

A.Subjective.B.Objective.

C.Indifferent.D.Neutral.

［答案］1-2CB

二要點(diǎn)直擊二

WordsandPhrases

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1discriminatev,歧視；區(qū)別，辨別

［教材P41］However,somepeoplearelessoptimistic,andarguethatit

discriminatesagainstproducersnotpartoftheGoodDealmovement.

然而，一些人不那么樂觀，他們認(rèn)為這是歧視不屬于GoodDeal運(yùn)動(dòng)的生產(chǎn)

者。

［例1］Itisillegaltodiscriminateongroundsofrace,sexorreligion.

因種族、性別或宗教信仰而實(shí)行歧視是非法的。

［例2］Anumberoffeaturesdiscriminatethisspeciesfromothers.

有些特征使這一物種與其他物種區(qū)別開來。

［造句］法律絕不歧視窮人偏袒富人。

Thelawdoesnotdiscriminateagainstthepoorandinfavouroftherich.

［知識(shí)拓展］

discriminateagainst歧視；排斥；人身攻擊；區(qū)別

discriminatebetweenAandB=discriminateAfromB

區(qū)分A和B

discriminateinfavourofsb.偏袒某人

discriminationn,歧視；偏袒；區(qū)別；識(shí)別

［即學(xué)即練］單句語法填空

①Womencomplainthatemployersdiscriminateagainstfemaleworkerswhen

calculatingtheirrankandpay.

②Itisunfairtodiscriminatebetweenblackpeopleandwhitepeople.

(3)ThePopesaidtherighttofoodwasarightforallhumanbeingswithout

discrimination(discriniinate)?

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2superior勿川品質(zhì)、價(jià)值)較好的；地位較高地，上級(jí)的；(在數(shù)

量上)占多數(shù)的，占優(yōu)勢(shì)的；不受……左右的，不屈服的n.長(zhǎng)官；長(zhǎng)輩；前輩;

優(yōu)越的人

［教材P41］ThiskindofCoffeehasspecialfeatures：superior,smoothblend,

withmildflavour.

這種咖啡的特點(diǎn)是：品質(zhì)上乘，混合均勻，味道溫和。

［例1］Heissuperiortotheotherman.

他比另一個(gè)男子級(jí)別高。

［例2］Thatarmywonbecauseofsuperiornumbers.

那支軍隊(duì)以人多取勝。

［造句］你在這項(xiàng)技術(shù)上一定勝過我。

Youmustbesuperiortomeinthisskill.

［知識(shí)拓展］

AissuperiortoB=A'ssuperioritytoB

A高于或好于B

superiorityn.優(yōu)越；優(yōu)先權(quán)

superior用作形容詞時(shí)，本身含有“較”的意思，故不再有比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)

形式。表示“兩者的比較"，用"superiorto”,而不能用“superiorthan”。

［即學(xué)即練］單句語法填空

①Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors.

②Hewonthecompetitionwithobvioussuperiority(superior).

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3sorrown.悲傷；悲痛；悲哀；傷心事；悲傷事V.感到(或表

示)悲傷

［教材P44］Parentsandteacherskeepremindingustosharetoys,snacks?

books,happymemories,andsometimesevensorrowswithothers.

家長(zhǎng)和老師不斷提醒我們，要和別人分享玩具、零食、書籍、快樂的回憶，

有時(shí)甚至是悲傷。

［例1］Itwasatimeofgreatsorrow.

這是一個(gè)非常悲傷的時(shí)刻。

［例2］Wordscannotexpressmysorrow.

言語無法表達(dá)我的哀傷。

［造句］聽到她的死訊，他表示哀傷。

Heexpressedhissorrowatthenewsofherdeath.

［知識(shí)拓展］

(l)joysandsorrows悲歡

(2)toone'ssorrow讓某人傷心的是

moreinsorrowthaninanger悲哀多于憤怒

(3)sorrowfuladj.悲傷的

［即學(xué)即練］完成句子/單句語法填空

①Theysaidthatthedecisionwasmademoreinsorrowthaninanger(與其說是

出于氣憤，不如說是出于悲傷）.

②Tomysorrowmycarbrokedown.

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4takeoff（飛機(jī)）起飛；開始成功；脫去（衣服等）；摘掉；匆匆離開;

休假

［教材P44］Thesharingeconomyistakingoffinallsortsofareas.

共享經(jīng)濟(jì)正在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域蓬勃發(fā)展。

［例1］Theyneedtoexpandthenumberoffarmerswhoareinvolvedifthe

scheme'sgoingtoreallytakeoff.

這個(gè)方案要想真正成功，他們就需要增加參與的農(nóng)場(chǎng)主的人數(shù)。

［例2］In1944,hemetEdithPiaf,andhiscareertookoff.

1944年，他結(jié)識(shí)了伊迪思?比阿夫，從此他的事業(yè)開始騰飛。

［造句］在第三部電影之后，他的電影表演事業(yè)開始有起色了。

Afterhisthirdfilm,hiscareeroffilmperformancetookoff.

［知識(shí)拓展］

takesth.away解除，消除（感情，痛苦等）

takesb./sth.back與...重歸于好；收回；帶回；使回

takedown寫下,記下;拆卸

takein吸收；理解;欺騙；收留

takeon具有，呈現(xiàn);擔(dān)任，承擔(dān)；雇用

takeup舉（拿、撿、?炭）起；占據(jù)；從事

takeover接管;接任;控制

［即學(xué)即練］寫出下列句中takeoff的含義

①Threeplaneswerestandingontherunway,waitingtotakeoff.起飛

(2)1wishyou*dtakeoffthathatwhenyouareintheclassroom.摘掉

?Congratulations,Paulo!Nowmaybeyoucantakeafewdaysoff.休假

④Hetookoffbecauseofhisgoodperformance.開始成功

⑤Thesixboysgotintothecarandtookoffforthedrugstore.匆匆離開

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5cutdown削減；減少使用；砍倒；奪去……的生命

［教材P45］What'smore,sharingencouragesustoreuseitems,therebycutting

downonwaste.

更重要的是，分享鼓勵(lì)我們重復(fù)使用物品，從而減少浪費(fèi)。

［例1］Ifyouspendmorethanyourincome,canyoutrytocutdown?

如果你入不敷出，可以試著減少開支嗎？

［例2］Cutdownonanimalfatsfoundinredmeat,hardcheesesandsoon.

減少攝入存在于紅肉、硬干酪等中的動(dòng)物脂肪。

［造句］汽車制造業(yè)縮減了生產(chǎn)量。

Thecarindustrycutdownproduction.

［知識(shí)拓展］

cutin插話;讓（某人）分享利潤(rùn)

cutup打傷；使傷心

cutout刪除；裁剪

cutthrough開辟

cutoff切斷；中止；隔絕；剝奪繼承權(quán)

［即學(xué)即練］寫出下列句中cutdown的含義/單句語法填空

①M(fèi)yunclehasn'tbeenabletoquitsmoking,butatleasthehascutdown.

②Thisarticleistoolong,andyouhavetocutitdownto1,000words.

?Immediateactionsshouldbetaken,likestoppingcuttingdowntrees,tobetter

theenvironment.砍倒

?Hunger,coldandillnesscutdownmanyofthevillagers.

奪去……的生命

⑤Wewerecutoffinthemiddleofourtelephoneconversationbecausemycell

phonewasoutofpower.

⑥Itisimpoliteforchildrentocutinwhentheirseniorsaretalking.

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6casen.具體情況；事例；實(shí)例；實(shí)情；事實(shí)；特殊情況；盒子；

案例；傷員

［教材P45］Asisoftenthecaseallovertheworldwithnewareasofeconomic

activity,thesharingeconomyisdevelopingfasterthanexistingregulationsorongoing

supervision.

正如世界各地新的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)領(lǐng)域經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的情況一樣，共享經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展速度

超過了現(xiàn)有的法規(guī)或持續(xù)的監(jiān)管。

［例1］Ifthatisthecase(=ifthesituationdescribedistrue),weneedmore

staff.

如果真是那樣，那我們就需要更多的員工了。

［4列2］Itissimplynotthecasethatprisonconditionsareimproving.

監(jiān)獄條件得到改善的情況絕非事實(shí)。

［造句］他的錢全部輸光，真有其事嗎？

Isitthecasethathehaslostallhismoney?

［知識(shí)拓展］

(l)insb/scase就某人的情況而言

(2)inthatcase如果是那樣的話

incase以防萬一

incaseof要是...，在的時(shí)候

thecase事實(shí)

inanycase無論如何；不管怎樣

［即學(xué)即練］寫出下列句中case/thecase的含義/單句語法填空/完成句子

①Thereisamisbeliefthatpopcorniscalorie-free,butthatisnotthecase.

②Theseideascanbetrueincertaincases,butverywronginothers.

情況

(3)Toattractmorevisitors,themuseumdisplayedtheexhibitionsunglasscases.

?Judgingfromthewholeprocess,itwasatypicalcaseofbadmanagement.

?Fortunately,themostseriouscasesweretreatedatthesceneoftheaccident.

傷員

⑥There'snopointcomplainingnow一we'releavingtomorrowinanycase.

⑦You'dbettertakethekeysincaseFmout(以防萬一我不在家).

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)7expensen,費(fèi)用；經(jīng)費(fèi)；損失，犧牲

［教材P45］Somecompaniesaretakingunfairadvantageofthissituationto

expandtheirshareofthemarket,oftenattheexpenseofmoretraditionaland

establishedcompanies.

一些公司正在利用這種不公平的情況來擴(kuò)大其市場(chǎng)份額，往往以犧牲更多的

傳統(tǒng)和老牌公司為代價(jià)。

［例11Isparenoexpensetocollectthepaintingsby

Picasso.

我不惜花費(fèi)巨資收藏畢加索的畫。

［例2］Ourexpensesfaroutweighourincome.

我們的支出遠(yuǎn)超我們的收入。

［造句1他自己籌措支付所有的學(xué)費(fèi)。

Hepaidalltheschoolexpensesbyhimself.

［知識(shí)拓展］

atone'sownexpense用自費(fèi)

atthepublicexpense用公費(fèi)

livingexpenses生活費(fèi)

atanyexpense不管花多少錢；不管犧牲多大

attheexpenseofaperson用（某人）的費(fèi)用；麻煩（某人）

attheexpenseof犧牲；付出……的代價(jià)

expensiveadj.昂貴的，花錢的

itisexpensive+todo……是很花錢的

［即學(xué)即練］單句語法填空

①Shegaveaconcertatherbrother'sexpense.

②Hesecuredfameandwealthattheexpenseofhishealth.

(3)Itisexpensivetotravel(travel)byplane.

讀技能口

段落大意題

段落大意類題型多在說明文和議論文中進(jìn)行考查，這類文章涉及多種話題如

社會(huì)文化類、科普說明類等。設(shè)問形式常有：

(1)Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?

(2)Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis.

解題技巧——“首尾兼顧”知段意

(1)段首：說明文和議論文中的主題句常在段首句。

(2)段尾：先表述細(xì)節(jié)，后歸納概括，段落中心在段尾。

［典例］

Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending-“bad”

tables,crowding,highprices-don*tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables-nexttothe

kitchendoor,say一spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.ltcanbeconcluded

thatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout'bad'tables,“given

thatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreaseda

restaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffets

priceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.

★Whatdoestheparagraphtalkabout?

A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.

B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.

C.Waystoimproverestaurants*reputation.

D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.

D［根據(jù)文章第一句"Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscourage

spending—'bad'tables,crowding,highprices—don'tnecessarily.,,可次口，你認(rèn)

為可能會(huì)影響人們消費(fèi)的因素如：不好的桌子、擁擠以及高價(jià)等不一定會(huì)影響人

們的消費(fèi)，然后依次舉例進(jìn)行了證明，所以本段主要講的是人們對(duì)于飯店的幾個(gè)

誤解，故選D。］

［對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練］

A

Aseparateconcert,SongsWeLove"，foundBridgewatersinginglesspolitically

charged（butstillexciting）farelike“St.JamesInfirmary"，whichappearsonhermost

recentalbum.Inwordsaswellasmusic,thisperiodrevealshowseriouslyBridgewater

takesthatresponsibility,seeingashowitconnectstoherownexperienceinthejazz

lineage.Butmaybe

“seriously"isn'ttherightwordwhenitcomestoDeeDee,whose

effervescence（歡騰，活潑）shinesthrougheveninareflectivemood.Joinherherefor

awhile；she'sexcellentcompany,nomoreorlesssonowthatmasteryisofficiallya

partofherresume.

★Whatdoestheparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Bridgewater'smusictheme.

B.Bridgewater'smusicexperience.

C.Bridgewater'spersonalcharacters.

D.Bridgewater'sgreatachievements.

A［段落大意題。根據(jù)第一句中的“singinglesspoliticallycharged...”可知，她

的歌曲政治味不太強(qiáng)烈，故本段主要講了布里姬沃特的音樂主題。］

B

Thereisabreakthroughinbuildingaircraft.Bendablewingscoveredwith

overlapping（部分重疊）piecesresemblingfishsizescouldbeusedtobuildswifter,

fuel-efficientaircraft,anewstudyfinds.

Nowadays,conventionalaircrafttypicallyrelyonailerons（副翼）tohelpcontrol

thewaytheplanestipastheyfly.However,whentheWrightbrothersflewthefirst

airplane,Flyer1,overacenturyago,theyusednoaileronsbutwiresandpulleysthat

twistedthewood-and-canvaswings,tocontroltheplane.

Scientistshavelongsoughttodevelopaircraftthatcanaltertheirwingsduring

theflight,justasbirdscan.However,mostpreviousattemptshavefailedbecausethey

reliedonheavymechanicalcontrolstructureswithinthewings.Thesestructureswere

alsocomplexandunreliable,saidNeilGershenfeld,aphysicistanddirectorofthe

CenterforBitsandAtomsatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).

Thenewwingconsistsofasystemoftiny,strong,lightweightmodules.The

shapeofthewingcanbechangeduniformlyalongitslengthusingtwosmallmotors,

whichapplyatwistingpressuretoeachwingtip.Thesewingsarecoveredin“skins”of

overlappingstripsofflexiblematerialresemblingfishsizes.Thesestripsmoveacross

eachotherasthewingsalter,providingasmoothoutersurface,theresearchers

explained.

★Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theshapeofthenewwings.

B.Theresultofthetestedwings.

C.Thefunctionofthesmallmotors.

D.Theworkingprincipleofthenewwings.

D［段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述了新機(jī)翼的工作

原理。故選D。］

教學(xué)。知識(shí)細(xì)解碼Focusesonlanguagepoints

“ACXUENHISHIX1J1EMA

Li■詞匯派生G

1.blank。力.無表情的一blankly口勿.茫然地；沒有表情地franknessn.空

白；空虛

2.potentialn.潛力；可能性fpotentiality潛力fpotentiallyado.潛在地

3.enterprisen.企業(yè)；事業(yè)；事業(yè)心一enterprising。四有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的

4.distributev.分發(fā)；分配fdistributionn.分銷fdistributorn.經(jīng)銷商

distributiveMA分配的

5.guidev.指導(dǎo)；弓I導(dǎo)fguidance幾.指導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)

6.consultv.咨詢fconsultant幾.顧問

1.blank.空白的；沒表情的；茫然的；完全的；徹底的

①Sheturnedtoablankpageinhernotebook.空白的

②StevelookedblankandsaidhehadnoideawhatIwastalkingabout.茫然的

③Hereceivedablankrefusal.徹底的

2.distributionn,分配，分布;分發(fā),分送；（商品）運(yùn)銷，經(jīng)銷,分銷

①Themapshowsthedistributionofthisspeciesacrosstheworld.分布

②Thedistributionofthingsinvolvesgivingordeliveringthemtoanumberof

peopleorplaces.分發(fā)，分送

?Worldwidedistributionsystemsaredevelopingfast.運(yùn)銷，經(jīng)銷

」要點(diǎn)直擊二

WordsandPhrases

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1seatn.座位，坐處（如椅子等）；有……座位的；有……座的；

（椅子等的）座部a向……提供座位；（使）就座；坐；落座；可坐……人；能容納……

人

[教材Pas]Shecouldn't,however,hidethelineofsweatrunningdownher

forehead,whichwascausedpartlybytheheatofthetelevisionstudio,butmoreby

fearofthefourpeopleseatedinfrontofher.

然而，她無法掩蓋額頭上流淌著的那道汗水，一部分是由于電視演播室的高

溫造成的，但更多的是因?yàn)楹ε伦谒懊娴乃膫€(gè)人。

[例1]Therearenoseatsleftonthatflight.

那次航班沒座位了。

[f列2]Heseatedhimselfbehindthedesk.

他在書桌后面坐下。

[造句]他坐在杰克和湯姆之間。

HeisseatedbetweenJackandTom.

［知識(shí)拓展］

（l）have/takeaseat請(qǐng)坐

reserveaseat預(yù)訂座位

beontheedgeofyourseat心情緊張地等待；興奮地等待某事

beinthedrivingseat操縱，掌管，處于控制地位

（2）beseated就座

stay/remainseated繼續(xù)坐著

seatoneselfbeside/in/on坐在...旁邊/里面/上面

seatsb.on/near安排某人坐在某處

［即學(xué)即練］單句語法填空/完成句子

①Pleasebeseated(seat)sowecanbeginourmeeting.

②Hewavedtowardsachair,andseated(seat)himselfatthedesk.

③Thegamehadthecrowdontheedgeoftheir緊張).

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2blanka赤空白的；沒表情的；茫然的；完全的；徹底的

［教材P3s］Theystaredback,theirblankfacesgivingnoclueastowhatthey

wouldsaynext.

他們回頭看了看，從他們沒有表情的臉上根本看不出接下來他們會(huì)說什么。

［例1］Shestaredatmewithablankexpressiononherface.

她一臉木然地盯著我。

［例2］Helookedatheroutofblackblankeyesthatmadenoopportunityfor

hertospeak.

他那雙黑眼睛茫然地望著她，不給她開口的機(jī)會(huì)。

［造句］我的腦子一片空白。

Mymindwenttotallyblank.

［知識(shí)拓展］

goblank（腦子）一片空白

drawablank無回音；無結(jié)果；無收獲

blankout突然變空

blanksth.out掩蓋；遮蓋；刻意忘記；抹去記憶

［即學(xué)即練］完成句子/單句語法填空

①Sofar,thepoliceinvestigationhasdrawnablank(沒有收獲).

②Iwastryingtoblankoutprevioussituationsfrommymind.

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3endup結(jié)果為……；以……結(jié)束

［教材P3s］Zhangneverthoughtthatthiswassomethingshewouldendup

doing.

張?jiān)聫臎]想過她最終會(huì)從事這樣的工作。

［例11Theresultwasthattheengineendedupatthebottomofthecanal.

結(jié)果引擎最終沉到了運(yùn)河底。

［例2］Ifyoudon'tknowwhatyouwant,youmightendupgettingsomething

youdon*twant.

如果你不知道自己想要什么，到頭來你可能得非所愿。

［造句］如果你繼續(xù)那樣花錢，你很快就會(huì)負(fù)債累累。

Youwillsoonendupindebtifyoukeeponspendingmoneythatway.

［知識(shí)拓展］

(l)endupdoingsth.最終以做某事結(jié)束

end(up)in以……告終；結(jié)果為……

end(up)with以……結(jié)束（指以某種方式結(jié)束）

endupas取終成為

(2)cometoanend結(jié)束

put/bringanendto結(jié)束……

intheend最后，終于

onend豎立；直立著；連續(xù)地

make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；量入為出

［即學(xué)即練］單句語法填空/完成句子

①Whilestudying,fixyourmindonwhatisreallyimportant,oryouwillendup

remembering(remember)nothing.

(2)Andersenwasbornintoapoorfamily,butendedupasoneofthegreatest

writersofhistime.

③ThelectureendedupwithapoemofanancientChinesepoet.

(4)Ifweneglectourfuture,wellendupinfailure.

⑤Thedoctor'smotivewastobringanendtohispatient'ssuffering(結(jié)束病人的

痛苦).

⑥Heisawonderfulcompanionandwecantalkforhoursonend(我們可以連

續(xù)聊上好幾個(gè)小時(shí)).

［小片段填空］

Asachildhewishedtobecomeasportsman,butheendedupasasinger.He

oftenthrewpartieswhereheusuallybeganwithcakesandendedupwithsweets.He

becameveryfat.Hetriedmanywaystoloseweight,endingupgaining(gain)weight

soonagain.Itoldhimnottoholdapartyagainandifhedidn*tfollowmyadvice,he

wouldendupinfailure.

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4suiTound圍繞；環(huán)繞

［教材Pas］Surroundedbyrosesasshewasgrowingup,shepaidthemlittle

attention.

即便她是在玫瑰叢中長(zhǎng)大的，卻很少注意到它們。

［例1］Whenthecarstoppedinthetownsquareitwassurroundedbysoldiers

andmilitiamen.

汽車停在城鎮(zhèn)廣場(chǎng)時(shí)就被士兵和民兵包圍了。

H列2］AsachildIwassurroundedbyloveandkindness.

幼年時(shí)我備受關(guān)愛。

「造句］我需要一些人立刻包圍這所房子。

Ineedsemepeopletosurroundthishouserightnow.

［知識(shí)拓展］

(l)surroundsb./sth.with...使某人/某物被……包圍

surroundoneselfwithsb./sth.喜歡結(jié)交（某類人）;喜歡身邊總有（某類東西）

(2)surroundingadj.周圍的

surroundingsn.周圍的事物；環(huán)境（通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式）

［即學(xué)即練］單句語法填空

①Thetreessurrounding(surround)thelakewereplantedbythesoldierstenyears

ago.

(2)1liketosurround(surround)myselfwithbeautifulthings.

(3)Surrounded(surround)byadozenofchildren,thewomanhappilycelebrated

her80thbirthday.

［小片段填空］

Asafamouspopstar,helovesbeingsurroundedbysomanyfanscomingtovisit

himfromthesurroundingtowns.Andhealsolikesbeautifulsurroundingswithgreen

treesandflowers,becausehecangetmuchmorepleasurefromnature.

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5potentialn.可能性；潛在性；潛力；潛質(zhì)。絲潛在的；可能的

［教材P38］Itwasonlyaftergraduatingfromuniversityoverseasandreturning

tovisitherparentsthatZhangrealisedthepotential.

直到從海外大學(xué)畢業(yè)回國(guó)探望父母后，張?jiān)虏乓庾R(shí)到這一潛力。

M列1］TheEuropeanmarketplaceoffersexcellentpotentialforincreasing

sales.

歐洲市場(chǎng)帶來了擴(kuò)銷的大好機(jī)遇。

［例2］Firstweneedtoidentifyactualandpotentialproblems.

首先，我們需要弄清實(shí)際的問題和潛在的問題。

［造句］他有潛力成為世界級(jí)的音樂家。

Hehasthepotentialtobecomeaworld-classmusician.

［知識(shí)拓展］

thepotentialforsth.的可能性

have/showpotential有潛力/表現(xiàn)出潛力

achieve/fulfil/realizeyourpotential

發(fā)揮潛力

［即學(xué)即練］完成句子/單句語法填空

①Allchildrenshouldbeencouragedtorealize/fulfil/achievetheirfullpotential

（發(fā)揮潛力）.

②Thepotentialforabuseinsuchasystemisenormous.

知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6present”陳述；提出（觀點(diǎn)、計(jì)劃等）；呈現(xiàn)；贈(zèng)送，頒發(fā)，介

紹。宓出席的，在場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)在的，目前的小禮物；贈(zèng)品；現(xiàn)在

［教材P39］LikeZhang,theypresenttheirideasinthehopeofgetting

investmentandadvice...

像張?jiān)乱粯?，他們提出自己的想法，希望得到投資和建議……

H列11Youneedtopresentyourselfbetter.

你需要更善于展示自己。

［例2］MayIpresentmyfiancetoyou?

請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向您介紹我的未婚夫。

［造句］你需要更好地展示自己。

Youneedtopiesentyourselfbetter.

［知識(shí)拓展］

(1)presentsb.withsth.向某人贈(zèng)送某物

presentsth.tosb.向某人陳述某事；贈(zèng)送某人某物

(2)bepresentat出席……

(3)atpresent=atthepresenttime目前，現(xiàn)在

forthepresent目前；就現(xiàn)在而言

［即學(xué)即練］寫出下列句中present的含義

①Thecompanypresentedamedaltohimonthedaywhenheretired.贈(zèng)予

②Thepresentsituationistakingaturnforthebetter.當(dāng)前的

③H