2020考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案

2020年英語(yǔ)（二）考研真題及參考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblank

andmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEETS10points)

Beingagoodparentsisofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.But

definingwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery(1),particularly

sincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,

rule-followingchildmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan(2),

ayoungersibling.

(3),There'sanothersortofparentthatsabiteasierto(4)apatient

parent.Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,(5)every

parentwouldliketobepatient,thisisnoeasy(6).

Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedandfrustratedandareunabletomaintaina

(7)andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.Iunderstandthis.

You'reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan(8)youjustalittletoo

far.Andthenthe(9)happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyour

kidsorsaysomethingthatwasabittoo(10)anddoesnobodyanygood.You

wishthatyoucould(11)theclockandstartover,we'veallbeenthere.

(12),eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatina

singlemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay

(13)foralongtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwith,

yourchildbutalso(14)yourchild*sself-esteem.

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour(15)withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertently

modelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasingly

awareofthe(16)ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.

Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilitytoemotionally

regulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen(17)bystressisoneofthemost

importantofalllife'sskills.

Certainly,it'sincredibly(18)tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyour

children.Amorepracticalgoalistotrytothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantand

composedasyoucanwhenfacedwith(19)situationsinvolvingyourchildren.I

canpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youandyourchildren

willbenefitand(20)fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetterphysicallyand

emotionally.

1.AtediousBpleasantCinstructiveDtricky

2.AinadditionBfbrexampleCatonceDbyaccident

3.AfortunatelyBoccasionallyCaccordinglyDeventually

4.AamuseBassistCdescribeDtrain

5.AwhileBbecauseCunlessDonce

6.AanswerBtaskCchoiceDaccess

7.AtolerantBformalCrigidDcritical

8.AmoveBdragCpushDsend

9.AmysteriousBillogicalCsuspiciousDinevitable

10.AboringBnaiveCharshDvague

11.AturnbackBtakeapartCsetasideDcoverup

12.AoverallBinsteadChoweverDotherwise

13.AlikeBmissCbelieveDregret

14.AraiseBaffectCjustifyDreflect

15.AtimeBbondCraceDcool

16.AnatureBsecretCimportanceDcontext

17.AcheatedBdefeatedCconfusedDconfronted

18.AterribleBhardCstrangeDwrong

19.AtryingBchangingCexcitingDsurprising

20.AhideBemergeCwithdrawDescape

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(40points)

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromothersso

thatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthis

extendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,

andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsformroboticrats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandone

asocialfor5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkier

versionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,

playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.

Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratsthe

opportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.

Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaverageto

setthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthe

socialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocial

robotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.This

couldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobot

toreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenits

minimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimple

plasticboxonwheels/'We1dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,

facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthatwasn't

necessary,MsaysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,whohelped

withtheresearch.

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycome

frombasicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,

evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."Wehumansseemtobefascinated

byrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoojsaysWiles.

21.Quinandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan

[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow

22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.

[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.

[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.

[D]Itmovedaroundalone.

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey

fA]triedtopracticeameansofescape

[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn

[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence

[D]consideredthataninterestinggame

24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats

[A]canrememberotherratsfacialfeatures

[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes

[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks

[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats

[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings

[B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

[C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing

[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

Text2

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayof

typicalworkersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepublicly

tradedAmericancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%The

typicalCEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesaboutS18.9millionayear.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEO

talentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.

TheeffortsofAmerica'shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamic

elementsoftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhas

goneupsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyother

workersintheU.S.economy.

Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskills

thansimplybeingabletourunthecompany**CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseof

financialmarketsandmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalso

needbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminor

slipupcanbesignificant.Thenthere*sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesare

muchmoreglobalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalarger

numberofcountries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfarly

mind-bogglingplus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthismajor

CEOsstillhavetodoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.

ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn't

explainhistoryverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernmancehasbecomea

lottighterandmorerigoroussincethe1970s.Yetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodof

strongergovemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisinthe

broadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytoughjobs.,9

Furthennore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothe

cozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredationat

theexpenseoftherestofthecompany.Andthestockmarketreactspositivelywhen

companiestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildup

corporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations

[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy

[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms

[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies

27.Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto

[A]fosterastrongersenseofteamwork

[B]financemoreresearchanddevelopment

[C]establishclosertieswithtechcompanies

[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies

28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite

fA]continualinternalopposition

[B]strictcorporategovernance

[C]conservativebusinessstrategies

[D]Repeatedgovernmentwarnings

29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps

[A]confirmthestatusofCEOs

[B]motivateinsidecandidates

[C]boosttheefficiencyofCEOs

[D]increasecorporatevalue

30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe

[A]CEOsAreNotOverpaid

[B]CEOPay:PastandPresent

[C]CEOs1challengesofToday

[D]CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine

Text3

MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledout

ambitiousrestrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectionday

later,anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,a

firststeptowarditspossibledemise.

MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepiece

ofhiselectioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnow

overruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.Butwith

legalbattlesahead,thezone*sfuturelooksuncertainatbest.

Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackle

dirtyairontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.Thats

becausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers一

whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthanontothecarmanufacturers

whosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.

It*snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenew

ultra-lowemissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear'smayoral

election.AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroads

in2021asheintends,itissuretosparkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumber

ofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.

It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon*sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Local

officialsareusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents1healthin

thefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,

andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits-fewerheartattacks,strokes

andprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimelydeaths.

Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfar

biggerthananyonecityortown.Theyareactingbecausenationalgovernments一

BritainsandothersacrossEurope-havefailedtodoso.

Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas-citycentres,。

schoolstreets",evenindividualroads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalargereffort

toproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniestobringtheir

vehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitstominimise

pollution.Weredoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanuptheircars.

31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?

fA]Itseffectsarequestionable

[B]Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge

[C]Itneedstougherenforcement

[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided

32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?

[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.

[B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.

[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.

[D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.

33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon*sUlezwill.

[A]arousestrongresistance.

[B]ensureKhan'selectoralsuccess.

[C]improvethecitystraffic.

[D]discouragecarmanufacturing.

34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?

[A]Localresidents

[B]Mayors.

[C]Councilors.

[D]Nationalgovernments.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.

[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction

[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations

[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles

[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision

Text4

NowthatmembersofGenerationZaregraduatingcollegethisspringthemost

commonly-accepteddefinitionsaysthisgenerationwasbomafter1995,giveortakea

year-theattentionhasbeenrisingsteadilyinrecentweeks.GenZsareabouttohitthe

streetslookingforworkinalabormarketthat'stighterthanit'sbeenindecades.And

employersareplanningonhiringabout17percentmorenewgraduatesfbrjobsinthe

U.S.thisyearthanlast,accordingtoasurveyconductedbytheNationalAssociation

ofCollegesandEmployers.Everybodywantstoknowhowthepeoplewhowillsoon

inhabitthoseemptyofficecubicleswilldifferfromthosewhocamebeforethem.

IfrentitledHisthemostcommonadjective,fairlyornot,appliedtomillennials

(thosebombetween1981and1995),thecatchwordsfbrGenerationZarepractical

andcautious.Accordingtothecareercounselorsandexpertwhostudythem,

GenerationZsareclear-eyed,economicpragmatists.Despitegraduatingintothebest

economyinthepast50years,GenZsknowwhataneconomictrainwrecklookslike.

Theywereimpressionablekidsduringthecrashof2008,whenmanyoftheirparents

losttheirjobsortheirlifesavingsorboth.Theyaren/tinterestedintakingany

chances.Theboomingeconomyseemstohavedonelittletoassuagethisunderlying

generationalsenseofanxiousurgency,especiallyforthosewhohavecollegedebt.

CollegeloanbalancesintheU.S.nowstandatarecord$1.5trillion,accordingtothe

FederalReserve.

OnesurveyfromAccenturefoundthat88percentofgraduatingseniorsthisyear

chosetheirmajorwithajobinmind.Ina2019surveyofUniversityofGeorgia

students,meanwhile,thecareerofficefoundthemostdesirabletraitinafuture

employerwastheabilitytooffersecureemployment(followedbyprofessional

developmentandtraining,andtheninspiringpurpose).Jobsecurityorstabilitywas

thesecondmostimportantcareergoal(work-lifebalancewasnumberone),followed

byasenseofbeingdedicatedtoacauseortofeelgoodaboutservingthegreatgood.

36.GenerationZsgraduatingcollegethisspring?

[A]arerecognizedfbrtheirabilities

[B]areinfavorofjoboffers

[C]areoptimisticaboutthelabormarket

[D]aredrawinggrowingpublicattention

37.GenerationZsarekeenlyaware,

[A]whatatougheconomicsituationislike

[B]whattheirparentsexpectofthem

[C]howtheydifferfrompastgenerations

[D]Ihowvaluableacounselorsadviceis

38.ThewordnassuageH(line9,para2)isclosetinmeaningto?

[A]define

[B]relieve

[C]maintain

[D]deepen

39.ltcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thatGenerationZs.

[A]carelittleabouttheirjobperformance

[B]givetopprioritytoprofessionaltraining

[C]thinkithardtoachievework-Lifebalance

[D]haveaclearideaabouttheirfuturejob

40Michelsenthinksthatcomparedwithmillennials,GenerationZsare?

[A]lessrealistic

[B]lessadventurous

[C]morediligent

[D]moregenerous

PartB

Directions：Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemost

suitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41

-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

fA]Givecompliments,justnottoomany.

[B]Putonagoodface,always.

[C]Tailoryourinteractions.

[D]Spendtimewitheveryone.

[E]Reveal,don'thide,information.

[F]Slowdownandlisten.

[G]Putyourselvesinothers1shoes.

FiveWaystoWinOverEveryoneintheOffice

Isitpossibletolikeeveryoneinyouroffice?Thinkabouthowtoughitistoget

together15people,muchless50,whoallgetalongperfectly.Butunlikein

friendships,youneedcoworkers.Youworkwiththemeverydayandyoudependon

themjustastheydependonyou.Herearesomewaysthatyoucangetthewhole

officeonyourside

41.

Ifyouhaveabonetopickwithsomeoneinyourworkplace,youmaytrystay

tight-lippedaroundthem.Butyouwon'tbehelpingeitheroneofyou.AHarvard

BusinessSchoolstudyfoundthatobserversconsistentlyratedthosewhowerefrank

aboutthemselvesmorehighly,whilethosewhohidlosttrustworthiness.Thelessonis

notthatyoushouldmakeyourpersonallifeanopenbook,butrather,whengiventhe

optiontoofferupdetailsaboutyourselforpainstakinglyconcealthem,youshould

justbehonest.

42._____

Justasimportantasbeinghonestaboutyourselfisbeingreceptivetoothers.We

oftenfeeltheneedtotellothershowwefeel,whetherit'saconcernaboutaproject,a

straythought,oracompliment.Thoseareallvalid,butyouneedtotaketimetohear

outyourcoworkers,too.Infact,rushingtogetyourownideasouttherecancause

colleaguestofeelyoudon'tvaluetheiropinions.Doyourbesttoengagecoworkersin

agenuine,back-and-forthconversation,ratherthanprioritizingyourownthoughts.

43._____

It*scommontohavea"cubiclemate”orspecialconfidantinaworksetting.But

inadditiontothosetrustedcoworkers,youshouldexpandyourhorizonsandfindout

aboutallthepeoplearoundyou.Useyourlunchandcoffeebreakstomeetupwith

colleaguesyoudon*talwayssee.Findoutabouttheirlivesandinterestsbeyondthe

job.Itrequiresminimaleffortandgoesalongway.ThiswillhelptogTowyour

internalnetwork,inadditiontobeinganicebreakintheworkday.

44._____

Positivefeedbackisimportantforanyonetohear.Andyoudon'thavetobe

someone'sbosstotellthemtheydidanexceptionaljobonaparticularproject.This

willhelpengendergoodwillinothers.Butdon'toverdoitorbefakeaboutit.One

studyfoundthatpeoplerespondedbesttocommentsthatshiftedfromnegativeto

positive,possiblybecauseitsuggestedtheyhadwonsomebodyover.

45._____

Thisonemaybeabitmoredifficulttopulloff,butitcangoalongwayto

achievingresults.Rememberindealingwithanycoworkerwhattheyappreciatefrom

aninteraction.Watchoutfbrhowtheyverbalizewithothers.Somepeoplelikesmall

talkinameetingbeforediggingintoimportantmatters,whileotheraremore

straightforward.Jokesthatworkonepersonwon'tnecessarilylandwithanother,So,

adaptyourstyleaccordinglytotype.Considerthepersonthatyouredealingwithin

advanceandwhatwillgetyoutoyourdesiredoutcome.

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions：TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationonthe

ANSWERSHEETS15points)

It'salmostimpossibletogothroughlifewithoutexperiencingsomekindof

failure.Peoplewhodosoprobablylivesocautiouslythattheygonowhere.Put

simply,they'renotreallivingatall.But,thewonderfulthingaboutfailureisthatit's

entirelyuptoustodecidehowtolookatit.

Wecanchoosetoseefailureas"theendoftheworld,"orasproofofjusthow

inadequateweare.Or,wecanlookatfailureastheincrediblelearningexperiencethat

itoftenis.Everytimewefoilatsomething,wecanchoosetolookforthelessonwe're

meanttolearn.Theselessonsareveryimportant;they'rehowwegrow,andhowwe

keepfrommakingthatsamemistakeagain.Failuresstopusonlyifweletthem.

Failurecanalsoteachusthingsaboutourselvesthatwewouldneverhavelearned

otherwise.

Forinstance,failurecanhelpyoudiscoverhowstrongapersonyouare.Failing

atsomethingcanhelpyoudiscoveryourtruestfriends,orhelpyoufindunexpected

motivationtosucceed.

SectionIVWriting

PartA

47.Directions：Supposeyouareplanningatourofhistoricalsiteforagroupofa

internationalstudents

1)Saysomethingaboutthesite

2)givesometipsforthetour

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotuseyourownnameattheendoftheemail.Use“LiMingMinstead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

某高校學(xué)生手機(jī)閱讀使用情況

■學(xué)習(xí)

.期