08選擇性必修三Unit5語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)

08選擇性必修三Unit5語(yǔ)法：語(yǔ)法精講精練定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)一、復(fù)習(xí)定語(yǔ)從句I.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.常用的關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as(在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ))。2.意義及作用：成分代替人代替物主語(yǔ)who/thatthat/which賓語(yǔ)whom/who/that(可省略)that/which(可省略)定語(yǔ)whose/ofwhomwhose/ofwhich(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Here’sahandfulofwaysthatwillsetyouintherightdirection.這里有一些方法可以幫你找到正確的方向。(that在從句中作主語(yǔ))Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他是那個(gè)想見你的男人嗎？(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))Heistheman(whom/that/who)Isawyesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that/who在從句中作賓語(yǔ))Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttoeunwrapped.你拿的那個(gè)包裹快要散開了。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))Thegirlwhoseparentsarebothteachersisworkinghard.這個(gè)父母都是教師的女孩學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦。(whose在從句中作定語(yǔ))3.定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞為事或物時(shí)，只能用that不能用which引導(dǎo)的情況：(1)先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾。Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是這家書店出售的最有趣的書之一。(2)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我們應(yīng)該做的第一件事是弄點(diǎn)食物。(3)先行詞是不定代詞時(shí)，如all,few,little,much,anything,nothing,something等。Nothingthattheteacherdoesdoesn’tinfluencehisstudents.老師所做的事情沒有不影響到學(xué)生的。(4)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你剛才談到的那位作家以及他的小說確實(shí)很出名。(5)先行詞被only,thevery,no,oneof等修飾時(shí)。Mynecklaceisnottheonlythingthat'smissing.我不只是丟了一條項(xiàng)鏈。(6)在由which,who,whom引導(dǎo)的問句中，為避免重復(fù)，常用that。Whichisthemoviethatyoulikebest?哪部電影是你最喜歡的？(7)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身作從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)宜用that。Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatshewas.中國(guó)再也不是原來的那個(gè)國(guó)家了。4.只能用which而不能用that的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞表示事物意義，并且在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，那么就只能用which。Theworldinwhichweliveismadeofmatter.我們生活的世界是由物質(zhì)組成的。(2)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系詞表示事物意義時(shí)，只能用which。Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太陽(yáng)給予大地?zé)崃浚@就使植物的生長(zhǎng)成為可能。5.只能用who而不能用that的情況：(1)先行詞是one,ones,anyone,those或被those修飾，指人時(shí)，只用who引導(dǎo)。Onewhodoesnotworkhardwillneversucceed.不努力工作的人永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)成功。(2)在Therebe...句型中，先行詞為人時(shí)。Thereisaradeoutsidewhowantstoseeyou.外面有個(gè)同志要見你。(3)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系詞指人時(shí)。Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustefromAmerica.我在街上遇見了一個(gè)剛從美國(guó)來的朋友?！炯磳W(xué)即練1】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空①Theprofessorwho/thattaughtmechemistryin1980didtheresearch.②Thisistheboywhosefatherdiedthreeyearsago.③Thefilmthat/whichwesawthedaybeforeyesterdayisveryinteresting.④Theyworkinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.⑤Thisisthevisionphonethroughwhichwecanseeandtalktoourfriends.⑥Thosewhowanttogototheputerroomwriteyournameshere.⑦Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?⑧Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.II.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞先行詞句法功能when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因原因狀語(yǔ)(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Butlikeallperformances,therearemomentswhenthingsgowrong.但就像所有的表演一樣，也會(huì)有出錯(cuò)的時(shí)候。Thisisthevillagewhereweworkedtenyearsago.這就是十年前我們工作過的那個(gè)村莊。Doyouknowthereasonwhyheisabsent?你知道他缺席的原因嗎？【名師點(diǎn)津】關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的易混點(diǎn)：若先行詞為一些表示地點(diǎn)的抽象名詞，如situation,point,stage,position,part,condition,case等，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，則常用關(guān)系副詞where或“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)。Ihaveetothepointwhere/atwhichIcan’tstandhim.我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步。He’sgotintothesituationwhere/inwhichheisindebt.他已經(jīng)陷入負(fù)債累累的境地。Atlasthegottheposition(that/which)hehadbeendreamingof.他最終得到了他夢(mèng)寐以求的那個(gè)職位?！炯磳W(xué)即練2】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空①Thisisthecasewherehe’shadallhismoneystolen.②Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwherehecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.③ThereareseveralresearchcentresinChinawhereacertaindiseasecalledbirdfluisbeingstudied.④ThetimeisnotfarawaywhenmodernmunicationswillbeewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.⑤Canyouhelpmetothinkofareasonthat/whichseemsreasonableformybeingabsent?III.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成用法名詞/代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)詞/形容詞的最高級(jí)＋of＋關(guān)系代詞數(shù)詞還可以被some,many,most,each等不定代詞替換介詞(短語(yǔ))＋關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可與關(guān)系副詞互換介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞關(guān)系代詞常用which和whoseRecently,Iboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhichwasveryhigh.最近，我買了一個(gè)古代的花瓶，它的價(jià)格很高。Hehastencousins,theyoungestofwhomisveryclever.他有十個(gè)表兄弟，最小的那個(gè)很聰明。Wearelookingforthepersontowhomthebookbelongs.我們正在尋找這本書的主人。Thereisabigwindowinmyroom,fromwhichIcanseetherailwaystation.我的房間里有一個(gè)大窗戶，透過它我可以看到火車站。Lilymightpossiblye,inwhichcaseI’llaskher.莉莉可能會(huì)來，要是那樣的話我就去問她?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】關(guān)系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一看先行詞，二看動(dòng)詞，三看意義。(1)一看先行詞，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我來這所學(xué)校的那一天。(2)二看動(dòng)詞，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3,000yuan.這就是我花了三千元買的蘋果平板電腦。(3)三看意義，即根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的意義來確定介詞。ThisismypairofglasseswithoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.這就是我的那副眼鏡，沒有它我看不清楚。【即學(xué)即練3】用適當(dāng)?shù)摹敖樵~＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)填空①100℃isthetemperatureatwhichwaterwillboil.②Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowhichwemayreturninthenearfuture.③Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhichshegrewup.④Theyhavefourchildren,thedaughterofwhomisworkinginthatbigpanynow.⑤Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.⑥Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.IV.which與as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別whichas先行詞先行詞可以是一個(gè)名詞，也可以是一個(gè)句子先行詞只能是句子位置只能放在先行詞的后面位置靈活，可置于句首、句中、也可置于句末搭配無動(dòng)詞的限制謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常是表示感覺或心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，如see,hear,know,expect,remember等詞意表示“這一點(diǎn)；這件事”表示“正如……；正像……那樣”Hisworkisprogressingsmoothly,asweexpected.正如我們所預(yù)期的那樣，他的工作正在順利地進(jìn)展。Hefailedintheexperiment,whichwasunexpected.他試驗(yàn)失敗了，這是沒有料到的。Asweallknow,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.正如大家所知，紙最早被中國(guó)發(fā)明。【即學(xué)即練4】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空①Hedidn’tpasstheexam,aswehadexpected.②Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.③Asisknowntoall,theearthisround.④“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover,”astheoldsayinggoes.二、單句語(yǔ)法填空：1.Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusic,mostof__________wasbasedlooselyontheBeatles.2.Intoday’spetitiveeconomy__________everyoneistryingtodomorewithless,you’vegottofigureoutawaytoprofitfromtheverybeginning.3.BillGates,for__________moneyisn’taproblem,stilllivesaverysimplelifenow.4.Thereason__________heexplainedtouswasthathehadn’treaditbefore.5.Thisisthepilotwith__________mybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.6.Atthatmomentanattractiveyounglady__________noticedmybookcameuptome.7.Long,longago,theKingoftheSkieshadalovelydaughter,to__________hemademanycarefulplansforherfuture.8.Shecreatedacharityinmemoryofhergrandmother,__________passedawayfromAlzheimer’sdisease.9.Thevalleyincludingamuseumclaimstobetheonlyplace__________visitorscansafelyobservewildAsianelephants.10.AccordingtoastudypublishedintheUKrecently,those__________likejogginganddothiskindofexerciseregularlyforatleastonehouraweekhaveveryhighchancestolivealongerlife.11.Astheweathergetswarmerandtheairbeesdrier,peopletendtofeeltheirmouthsandtonguesaredry,__________cancausecoldsorcoughs.12.TheCrescentSpring,__________beautyattractstouristsfromhomeandabroad,hasbeearomanticparadiseforvisitors.13.Whileit’swonderfulforpeople__________wanttoseewhatthesemuseumsofferandteachthem,it’snotalwaysthebestforthemuseumsfacingincreasinghardshipsintermsofFunding.14.TaiChiChuan,__________isfamousasakindofmartialart,hasbeenpracticedChinaforcenturies.15.The2020SummerOlympics,__________wereplannedforthissummerinTokyo,havebeenformallyputoffuntil2021becauseofCOVID19.16.InAug2019,Liangwonthegoldmedalatthe45thWorldSkillspetitioninElectronicsinKazan,Russia,__________isthebiggestvocationaleducationandskillsexcellenceeventintheworld,organizedeverysecondyearbytheWorldSkillsInternationalwithanaimtoshowtheskillsandpromotecareerofyouth.17.Still,whenyoustartyourjourneyofpositivethinking,youshallmeetwonderfulnewpeople,with__________youcansharepositiveattitude.18.Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry,__________hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.19.ItmarkedthesuccessfulconclusionofChina’scurrentthreesteplunarexplorationprogramoforbitingandlanding,andbringingbacksamples,__________beganin2004.20.Intoday’sworldglobal__________warmingisaseriousissue,thebicycleisaperfectwayofreducingourcarbonfootprint.21.Therisingnumberofwildbirdsinthereservehasbroughtabenefitforbirdwatchers,evenoutsidethereserve,__________areabletospotorientalstorks(東方白鶴)andotherwildbirds.22.TheUniversityofVirginiaresearchers__________ranthestudyfollowed169subjectsaged15to25everyyearforadecade.23.Originallytheleaveswerebakedintoabrick,apartof__________couldbebrokenoffandmadeintoapowder.24.Thesample,__________includes1,700gramsoflunarrocksandsoil,islargerthanpreviousones.25.PassengersnowcantravelfromBeijing’scentertoXionganNewAreawithin50minutes,thankstotheBeijingXiongIntercityRailway,__________wasofficiallyputintouseonSunday,asignificantstepinboostingtheBeijingTianjinHebeicitycluster.26.Whileflyingthroughthewind,itproducedsoundlikethemusicproducedbyguzheng,__________isatraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument.27.Learnhowtomakeuseofeyecontactandotherbodylanguageflexiblysothatyouareperceivedtobepolite,andsothatyoucanbetterconnectwithpeople__________areforeigntoyou!28.Thetablesquicklyturnedforan89yearoldpizzadeliverydriver__________receivedasurprisedeliveryofhisownfrom“regulars”.29.Italsohelpsolderpassengersandthose__________needhelpwalkingthelastfewstepstotheboardinggate.savedmanypeople’slivesin2003.30.KatariaalsoofferbooksandDVDstopeople__________don’thaveaccesstoalocalLaughterClub.31.ThepoemimpliesthatLuXunwouldservethepeopleheartandsoulandwouldnevergiveintoenemies,__________fullyexpressesthepoet’sloyaltytothepeople.32.Hisbreakoutvideo,__________hisprocessofpaintingQitianDasheng(MonkeyKing)isshown,haswonmorethan408,000likes,makinghimpopularontheplatform.33.NowasaChineseinternational,Wuisworkinghardtoshowthat“thereareplayersinChina__________canshineinthebestleaguesintheworld”,hetoldGlobalTimes.34.ThemostfamousoftheseistheGreatRedSpot,__________issobigthatEarthcouldfitinsideit.35.AsGan’sfamegrew,theybegantosellfruitfromtheirfamilyorchard,__________soonfellshortofdemand.36.Youngadults__________havebeenexposedtoloudnoiseoveraperiodoftimemayhavesomehearinglosssymptoms.37.Hebecameinterestedintwotheories__________possiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.38.PractisingyogaorTaiChicanhelptokeepourbodiessupple,__________inturncanlowerjointpainandhelptoprotectusfrominjury.39.Theroaditselfhasalreadybeenpleted,andnowit’sonlyamatterofconnectingthegrid(輸電網(wǎng)),__________isexpectedtobefinishedbytheendoftheyearalongsidethepletionoftheJinanExpressway’ssouthsection.40.GranddaughterGayleParks,31__________worksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.41.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,__________wasbeyondhiswildestdream.42.Itwasonthefarm__________weworkedthatIgottoknowher.wantedtobuyit.43.Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases__________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.44.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof__________arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.45.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity__________sightmattersmorethanhearing.46.Ifindteachingfunandchallenging,whichisajob__________youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting47.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation__________theycanseethemselvesdifferently.48.__________ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.49.Manychildren,__________parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.50.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity__________namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.【答案】1.which2.where3.whom4.that/which5.whom6.who7.whom8.who9.where10.who11.which12.whose13.who/that14.which15.which16.which17.whom18.who19.which20.where21.who22.who/that23.which24.which25.which26.which27.who/that28.who/that29.who30.who31.which32.where33.who/that34.which35.which36.who/that37.that/which38.which39.which40.who41.which42.where43.where44.which45.where46.where47.where48.As49.whose50.whose三、高考真題回顧：1.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace__________welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife......2.(2023·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)III卷)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,__________livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.3.(2022·新高考全國(guó)I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies__________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.4.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Onthe1,100kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,__________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.5.(2021·新高考全國(guó)II卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofapany__________usedalotofplastic,I’dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.6.(2020·新高考全國(guó)I卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum__________openedin1759.7.(2020·全國(guó)I卷)Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiomunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot__________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.8.(2020·新高考全國(guó)II卷)TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumes__________aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.9.(2020·新高考全國(guó)III卷)InancientChinalivedanartist__________paintingswerealmostlifelike.10.(2019·新課標(biāo)II卷)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9a.m.to5p.m.dailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,__________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.11.(2019·新課標(biāo)III卷)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters__________hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.12.(2019·浙江卷)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth__________givesofflightinthedark.13.(2019·江蘇卷改編)Wehaveenteredintoanage__________dreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.14.(2019·天津卷改編)Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.15.(2019·北京卷)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose__________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.16.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014__________showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.【答案與解析】1.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。此空修飾前面表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，并同時(shí)在從句中做主語(yǔ)，只能用關(guān)系代詞。故填that/which。2.【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?？涨坝卸禾?hào)，說明是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是Confucius孔子，定語(yǔ)從句缺少主語(yǔ)，且指人，故填who。3.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)用限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞，指代先行詞species，指物，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，且先行詞前有all修飾，故只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that。4.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是CaoShengkang，關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以填who。5.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:我決定，如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料，我就給它發(fā)郵件，敦促它減少使用塑料。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填的詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞apany，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，所以用which或that。6.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填的詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞theBritishMuseum，關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，所以用which或that。故填which/that。7.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的spot，關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故填where。8.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。所填的詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面的名詞volumes，指物，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填that/which。9.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。此處為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞artist,指人，且定語(yǔ)從句中缺少定語(yǔ)，故填whose。10.【解析】考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為thepetshop，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作opened的賓語(yǔ)，故用which。11.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動(dòng)物方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。先行詞為masters(主人)，且從句缺主語(yǔ)。故關(guān)系詞填who。12.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。此空引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，因此用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。13.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了一個(gè)時(shí)代，在這個(gè)時(shí)代夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)最大。句中先行詞為anage(一個(gè)時(shí)代)，且從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系詞用when。14.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他們的孩子正處于能說單個(gè)單詞而不能說完整句子的階段。句中shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是thestage，定語(yǔ)從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系副詞where。15.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。此空引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語(yǔ)，代指人，故填who。16.【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。此處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，astudy是先行詞，其在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填that或which。四、語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空：(1)Asafamousproductivepoet,LuYoufromtheSongDynasty1(write)morethan20,000poemsinhislifetime.Thereason2LuYoucouldwritesomuchpoetrywasthathewastalented,butmore3(important),healsolivedalonglife.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,helivedtobe85yearsold,the4(long)livingpoetintheSongDynasty.However,LuYouwasweakwhenhewasachild.LuYoujoinedthemilitaryas5adviserinhismiddleageandstartedtoexercisehisbodyandlearnmartialarts.Aftertrainingfortwoyears,LuYoucouldshootdownaflyingeagle6(use)abowandarrow,andheevenkilledatiger.Duringhislateryears,LuYoustartedthebodybuilding7(call)chosho,orshouts,alongandloudcry.Choshowasquitepopularinancient8(time),whichwasnotroaringorwhistling,buta9(skill)healthmethod.Whenancientpeopledidchosho,theyopenedtheirbody,breathedindeepandthenbreathedoutinrhyme.Choshocanrelaxyourbodyandputyouinagoodmood.10LuYou,choshohelpedhimgetridofdiseasesandmedicine.【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了宋朝的著名詩(shī)人陸游長(zhǎng)壽的原因。1.wrote考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)inhislifetime可知，空處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故填wrote。2.why考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是reason，關(guān)系詞在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)此定語(yǔ)從句。故填why。3.importantly考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子。故填importantly。4.longest考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the可知，此處表示“壽命最長(zhǎng)的詩(shī)人”，應(yīng)用最高級(jí)。故填longest。5.an考查冠詞。此處表示泛指，意為“作為一名顧問”；adviser是可數(shù)名詞，且其發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。故填an。6.using考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的謂語(yǔ)是“couldshootdown”，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。由于use與主語(yǔ)LuYou之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作方式狀語(yǔ)。故填using。7.called考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子謂語(yǔ)是started，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。call與被修飾詞bodybuilding之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用其過去分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。故填called。8.times考查名詞的數(shù)?？仗幈硎尽皶r(shí)代”，應(yīng)用time的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填times。9.skillful考查形容詞?？仗幮揎椕~詞組healthmethod，應(yīng)用形容詞形式作定語(yǔ)，表示“一種有技巧的保健方式”。故填skillful。10.For考查介詞。此處指“對(duì)于陸游來說，長(zhǎng)嘯幫助他遠(yuǎn)離了疾病和藥物”?？仗幈硎尽皩?duì)于”，應(yīng)用介詞for，且位于句首，單詞首字母大寫。故填For。(2)DuFu:China’sGreatestPoet,aBBConehourdocumentary,waslaunchedonApril6thisyear.ItwasthefirsttimethatDu’slife1(put)inaglobalcontext.FortheChinese,Du,2styleofpoetryiscalledrealism,ismorethanapoet;hehasbeentheguardianofthemoralofthenation.TheBBCgavegreat3(recognise)totheworksofDuforhisunique4(way)toexpresshisconcernforhiscountryandpeople.ToexplorehislifeanddiscoverwhatthepoetmeanstoChinaandtheChinesepeople,thefilmcrewhadan5(extreme)toughtimetrackingthefootstepsoftheeighthcenturypoet.6Du’spoemsweremostlywritteninplainandsimplelanguage,theyarenotaneasywatchformanyforeigners.Tohelpoverseasaudiencesmakesenseofthepoet’sgreatachievementsinliterature,Duispared7Shakespeareinthisdocumentary.Also,theprograminvitedMcKellen,8screenactorwhoplayedGandalfinTheLordoftheRingsmovies,9(read)15ofDu’spoemsthathadbeentranslatedintoEnglish.Withalltheseefforts10(make),foreignerscanbetterunderstandwhatmakesDu’sworkssospecial.【解析】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了BBC推出的一部名為《杜甫：中國(guó)最偉大的詩(shī)人》的紀(jì)錄片，并對(duì)杜甫作了簡(jiǎn)單介紹。1.考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，句意：這是杜的生活第一次被置于全球背景下?？仗帪橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，Itwasthefirsttimethat...“這是某人第一次做某事”，固定句型，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)，主語(yǔ)Du’slife與put之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填hadbeenput。2.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：對(duì)中國(guó)人來說，杜的詩(shī)歌風(fēng)格被稱為現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，他不僅僅是一個(gè)詩(shī)人；他一直是民族道德的守護(hù)者。此處為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Du，從句缺少定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose，修飾styleofpoetry。故填whose。3.考查名詞。句意：英國(guó)廣播公司對(duì)杜的作品給予了高度的認(rèn)可，因?yàn)樗元?dú)特的方式表達(dá)了對(duì)國(guó)家和人民的關(guān)注。由句意及空前的TheBBCgavegreat可知應(yīng)填名詞形式，作賓語(yǔ)。故填recognition。4.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：英國(guó)廣播公司對(duì)杜的作品給予了高度的認(rèn)可，因?yàn)樗元?dú)特的方式表達(dá)了對(duì)國(guó)家和人民的關(guān)注。由句意及空前的forhisunique可知應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式ways，作賓語(yǔ)。故填ways。5.考查副詞。句意：為了探索他的生活，發(fā)現(xiàn)這位詩(shī)人對(duì)中國(guó)和中國(guó)人民意味著什么，攝制組花了非常艱難的時(shí)間來追蹤這位8世紀(jì)詩(shī)人的足跡。由句意及空后的形容詞tough可知應(yīng)填副詞形式，作狀語(yǔ)，修飾tough。故填extremely。6.考查讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：雖然杜的詩(shī)大多是用樸素的語(yǔ)言寫的，但對(duì)許多外國(guó)人來說，這些詩(shī)并不容易看懂。此處為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句位于句首，應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)詞though/although/while，且首字母大寫。故填A(yù)lthough/Though/While。7.考查介詞。句意：為了幫助海外觀眾理解這位詩(shī)人在文學(xué)上的偉大成就，在這部紀(jì)錄片中將杜與莎士比亞進(jìn)行了比較。beparedwith/to“與……進(jìn)行比較”，固定搭配。故填with/to。8.考查冠詞。句意：此外，該節(jié)目還邀請(qǐng)了曾在《指環(huán)王》系列電影中飾演甘道夫的演員麥克萊恩朗讀了杜詩(shī)的15首英譯詩(shī)。由句意此處表示“一位銀幕演員”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，表示泛指。故填a。9.考查不定式。句意：此外，該節(jié)目還邀請(qǐng)了曾在《指環(huán)王》系列電影中飾演甘道夫的演員麥克萊恩朗讀了杜詩(shī)的15首英譯詩(shī)。invitesbtodo...“邀請(qǐng)某人做某事”，不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填toread。10.考查過去分詞。句意：通過這些努力，外國(guó)人可以更好地理解杜的作品如此特別的原因。空處應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，efforts與make之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，構(gòu)成with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。故填made。閱讀下面材料,

在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(3)TheanimatedfilmChangAnhasbeeasurprisehit,earning1impressive600millionyuanattheboxofficeoftheChinesemainlandwithinjusttendaysofitsrelease.Ithasappealedtoaudiencesofallages,who2(passionate)recitepoetryalongsidethecharactersonscreen,takingthemonafantasticjourney.ThisfilmnotonlyidentifieswiththeChinesepeoplebutalsoallowstheworld3(explore)therichtraditionofTangpoetryandthe“ChinesePoetryUniverse.”ThestorycentersaroundthedeepfriendshipbetweenpoetGaoShiandtheromanticpoetLiBaiofferingabrieflookintotheglorioushistoryoftheTangera,4isknownforitseconomicprosperityandculturaladvancement.The48Tangpoems5(feature)inthemoviepresentaviewofthemostexcellentpoetsofthattimeaswellastheirpoliticalambitionsandideals.Thesepoemstransportaudiences6desertstomistfilledregionsalongtheYangtzeRiver.ChangAnisundoubtedlyamasterpiecethatshowstheunique7(characteristic)ofChineseculturetotheworld.InChina,poetsandtheirpoems8(consider)nationaltreasures.Thesepoemsdescribenotonlythehistoricalchangesofadynasty,butalso9(people)understandingoftheworld.

Thefilmhasraisedtheaudiences’10(aware)andenhancedtheirloveandbeliefinChineseculture.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一部名為《長(zhǎng)安》的動(dòng)畫電影，該電影在中國(guó)大陸上映僅十天就取得了6億元的票房成績(jī)，吸引了各個(gè)年齡段的觀眾。1.考查冠詞。句意：動(dòng)畫電影《長(zhǎng)安》出人意料地大受歡迎，上映僅十天就在中國(guó)大陸獲得了令人印象深刻的6億元票房。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因空白處后面有名詞，根據(jù)冠詞的用法，名詞前需使用不定冠詞，表示“一個(gè)”含義，因空白處后面詞的第一個(gè)發(fā)音音素為元音，故填an。2.考查副詞。句意：它吸引了各個(gè)年齡段的觀眾，他們熱情地朗誦詩(shī)歌與屏幕上的角色一起，帶他們踏上一段奇妙的旅程。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞recite作狀語(yǔ)，使用副詞，故填passionately。3.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這部電影不僅認(rèn)同了中國(guó)人，也讓世界探索了唐詩(shī)的豐富傳統(tǒng)和“中國(guó)詩(shī)歌宇宙”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，allowsbtodo為固定短語(yǔ)，含義為“使得……得以做某事”，符合句意，故填toexplore。4.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：故事圍繞詩(shī)人高適和浪漫主義詩(shī)人李白之間的深厚友誼展開，簡(jiǎn)要回顧了唐代以經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和文化進(jìn)步而聞名的輝煌歷史。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，這是一個(gè)包含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞為：Tangera，因關(guān)系詞指代先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故填which。5.考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：影片中的48首唐詩(shī)展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)時(shí)最優(yōu)秀的詩(shī)人以及他們的政治抱負(fù)和理想。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作定語(yǔ)，使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Tangpoems之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，使用過去分詞，故填featured。6.考查介詞。句意：這些詩(shī)歌將觀眾從沙漠帶到長(zhǎng)江沿岸薄霧彌漫的地區(qū)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，transportsthfrom…to…為固定短語(yǔ)，含義為“把某物從……帶到……”，符合句意，故填from。7.考查名詞。句意：《長(zhǎng)安》無疑是一部向世界展示中國(guó)文化獨(dú)特特色的力作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作賓語(yǔ)，使用名詞，因此處表示的是數(shù)目不確定的名詞，使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填characteristics。8.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在中國(guó)，詩(shī)人及其詩(shī)歌被視為國(guó)寶。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作謂語(yǔ)，因與主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又因句子表示的是一個(gè)客觀情況，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填areconsidered。9.考查名詞所有格。句意：這些詩(shī)不僅描述了一個(gè)朝代的歷史變遷，也描述了人們對(duì)世界的理解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作定語(yǔ)，使用名詞所有格，故填people’s。10.考查名詞。句意：這部電影提高了觀眾的意識(shí)，增強(qiáng)了他們對(duì)中國(guó)文化的熱愛和信仰。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中作賓語(yǔ)，使用名詞，aware為形容詞，其名詞為：awareness，故填awareness。閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(4)PercyShelley,anEnglishpoet,wasbornonAugust4th,1792.Heis1(wide)knownasoneofthemostimportant2(figure)oftheRomanticMovementinEnglishliterature.Shelleyreceivedearlyeducationathomeandlaterand3(admit)toEtonCollegeattheageof12,whichhasalonghistoryofmorethan500years,4(date)backtothe15thcentury.ThenheattendedOxfordUniversityshortlyafterheturned18.As5romanticpoet,someofhispoems,likeOdetotheWestWindandOdetoASkylark,areamongthemostfamouspoemsinEnglish.6,inhisowntime,Shelleywasveryunpopularforhispoliticaland7(religion)views.Fortunately,hesuccessively(先后地，連續(xù)地)metByronandKeatsandbefriendedwiththemduringhistouraroundEuropeafterhemarriedMaryGodwin,hissecondwife,8laterbecamefamousasMaryShelley,theauthorofthenovelFrankenstein.Aboutamonthbeforehis30thbirthday,ShelleywenttoLeghorn9(wele)hisfriendLeighHunt.Duringthestormyreturnvoyage,hissmallboatsankandhedrowned.Itwashisbody10wasn’twashedashoreuntildayslater.【解析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是英國(guó)詩(shī)人珀西·雪萊的生平。1.考查副詞。句意：他被公認(rèn)為英國(guó)文學(xué)浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的重要人物之一?？崭裉幱酶痹~修飾形容詞known，wide的副詞為widely，意為“廣泛地”，故填widely。2.考查名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。句意：他被公認(rèn)為英國(guó)文學(xué)浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的重要人物之一。oneof后跟名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，即figures，故填figures。3.考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：雪萊在家中接受了早期教育，12歲時(shí)考入伊頓公學(xué)。伊頓公學(xué)已有500多年的歷史，可以追溯到15世紀(jì)。EtonCollege是伊頓公學(xué)，是大學(xué)，“被大學(xué)錄取”為固定短語(yǔ)beadmittedto，主語(yǔ)Shelley是單數(shù)，由att