06-2011CATTI三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題(部分無(wú)官方答案)

4/27 FILENAME大家網(wǎng) TopS 3/27\o"2006年5月人事部三級(jí)筆譯真題"2006年5月人事部三級(jí)筆譯真題第一部分英譯漢Freedbywarming,watersoncelockedbeneathicearegnawingatcoastalsettlementsaroundtheArcticCircle.

InBykovsky,avillageof457onRussia'snortheastcoast,theshorelineiscollapsing,creepingcloserandclosertohousesandtanksofheatingoil,atarateof15to18feetayear.

"Itispracticallyallice-permafrost-anditisthawing."ForthefourmillionpeoplewholivenorthoftheArcticCircle,achangingclimatepresentsnewopportunities.Butitalsothreatenstheirenvironment,theirhomesand,forthosewhosetraditionsrelyontheice-boundwilderness,thepreservationoftheirculture.

ApushtodeveloptheNorth,quickenedbythemeltingoftheArcticseas,carriesitsownrewardsanddangersforpeopleintheregion.ThediscoveryofvastpetroleumfieldsintheBarentsandKaraSeashasraisedfearsofcatastrophicaccidentsasshipsloadedwithoiland,soon,liquefiedgaschurnthroughthefisheriesoffScandinavia,headedtomarketsinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Landthatwasuntouchedcouldbetaintedbypollutionasgenerators,smokestacksandlargevehiclessprouttosupportthegrowingenergyindustry.

CoastalerosionisaprobleminAlaskaaswell,forcingtheUnitedStatestopreparetorelocateseveralInuitvillagesataprojectedcostof$100millionormoreforeachone.

AcrosstheArctic,indigenoustribeswithtraditionsshapedbycenturiesoflivinginextremesofcoldandicearenoticingchangesinweatherandwildlife.Theyaretryingtoadapt,butitcanbeconfounding.

InFinnmark,Norway'snorthernmostprovince,theArcticlandscapeunfoldsinlatewinterasanendlesssnowyplateau,silentbutforthecriesofthereindeerandtheoccasionalwhineofasnowmobileherdingthem.

AchangingArcticisfeltthere,too."Thereindeerarebecomingunhappy,"saidIssatEira,a31-year-oldreindeerherder.

FewcountriesrivalNorwaywhenitcomestoprotectingtheenvironmentandpreservingindigenouscustoms.Thestatehaslavisheditsoilwealthontheregion,andSamiculturehasenjoyedsomethingofarenaissance.

AndyetnoamountofgovernmentsupportcanconvinceMr.Eirathathislivelihood,intractablyentwinedwiththereindeer,isnotabouttochange.LikeaApushtodeveloptheNorth,quickenedbythemeltingoftheArcticseas,carriesitsown

rewardsanddangersforpeopleintheregion.ThediscoveryofvastpetroleumfieldsintheBarentsandKaraSeashasraisedfearsofcatastrophicaccidentsasshipsloadedwithoiland,soon,liquefiedgaschurnthroughthefisheriesoffScandinavia,headedtomarketsinEuropeandNorthAmerica參考譯文：隨著天氣變暖，北極圈的冰層開(kāi)始融化，海水涌上來(lái)開(kāi)始侵蝕沿岸村落。拜考夫斯凱村位于俄羅斯東北部沿海地區(qū)，居住著457個(gè)村民，這里的海岸線已經(jīng)遭到破壞，海水正以每年15－18英尺“這里本來(lái)全都是冰，我們稱之為永久凍土，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開(kāi)始融化了。”對(duì)于居住在北極圈里的四百萬(wàn)人來(lái)說(shuō)，氣候變化給他們帶來(lái)了新的機(jī)遇。但是，這也威脅著他們賴以生存的環(huán)境和家園，而對(duì)于那些祖祖輩輩生活在冰雪荒原的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，這還關(guān)乎他們能否保住自己的文化。對(duì)北部地區(qū)的進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)隨著北冰洋的融化加快了腳步，給當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣駧?lái)了利益，也帶來(lái)了危險(xiǎn)。在巴倫支海和卡拉海發(fā)現(xiàn)了廣闊的油田，但人們擔(dān)心先裝滿石油然后很快就是液化天燃?xì)獾妮喆l(fā)生災(zāi)難事故，這些船將卷起海浪，穿過(guò)斯堪地那維亞半島近海的捕魚(yú)區(qū)，一直開(kāi)往歐洲和北美州市場(chǎng)。當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的發(fā)電機(jī)、大煙囪和各種重型車(chē)輛進(jìn)入這個(gè)地區(qū)幫助發(fā)展能源工業(yè)時(shí)，也會(huì)使這片處女地受到污染。阿拉斯加州也存在著海岸侵蝕的問(wèn)題，這迫使美國(guó)政府打算遷移數(shù)個(gè)因紐特人的村莊，每個(gè)村莊的預(yù)計(jì)搬遷費(fèi)用高達(dá)一億多美元。在北極區(qū)，在極端冰冷環(huán)境里生存了幾百年的本地部落注意到了氣候和野生動(dòng)物的變化，他們想去適應(yīng)這種變化，但常常不知所措。在挪威最北面的芬馬克省，每到冬末，北極的大片土地一望無(wú)際，好像冰雪高原，萬(wàn)籟俱寂，偶爾只會(huì)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)幾聲馴鹿的鳴叫和摩托雪橇放牧馴鹿的轟鳴。但是即使在那里，人們也感受到了北極的變化?！榜Z鹿越來(lái)越不開(kāi)心?！?1歲的養(yǎng)鹿人埃拉說(shuō)道。其實(shí)談及保護(hù)環(huán)境和本土習(xí)俗，沒(méi)有什么國(guó)家可以與挪威相提并論。政府把開(kāi)發(fā)石油獲得的財(cái)富都用在了北極地區(qū)，薩米人的文化也因此得到了某種意義上的復(fù)興。但是無(wú)論有多少來(lái)自于政府的支持都無(wú)法讓埃拉相信，他以鹿為生的日子將會(huì)和以往一樣。象德克薩斯州的養(yǎng)牛人，他對(duì)自己放養(yǎng)的馴鹿數(shù)量守口如瓶，但是他說(shuō)，春秋兩季氣溫上升，導(dǎo)致表層雪融化，天冷后結(jié)成冰，馴鹿就更難于刨食到地表的植物?！澳切┲贫ㄕ叩娜硕甲≡谀戏降某鞘欣?，”埃拉坐在用鹿皮搭建的家里說(shuō)，“那些決策者注意不到天氣的變化。只有真正住在大自然里、從大自然獲得生活資源的人才能注意到這一切?！钡诙糠譂h譯英維護(hù)世界和平，促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展，謀求合作共贏，是各國(guó)人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的當(dāng)今時(shí)代潮流。中國(guó)高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作的旗幟，堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展道路，與世界各國(guó)一道，共同致力于建設(shè)一個(gè)持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

中國(guó)與世界從未像今天這樣緊密相連。中國(guó)政府把中國(guó)人民的根本利益與各國(guó)人民的共同利益結(jié)合起來(lái)，堅(jiān)持奉行防御性的國(guó)防政策。中國(guó)的國(guó)防服從和服務(wù)于國(guó)家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和安全戰(zhàn)略，旨在維護(hù)國(guó)家安全統(tǒng)一，確保實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的宏偉目標(biāo)。中國(guó)永遠(yuǎn)是維護(hù)世界和平、安全、穩(wěn)定的堅(jiān)定力量。

中國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)不斷發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)上推進(jìn)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)現(xiàn)代化，是適應(yīng)世界新軍事變革發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、維護(hù)國(guó)家安全和發(fā)展利益的需要。中國(guó)不會(huì)與任何國(guó)家進(jìn)行軍備競(jìng)賽，不會(huì)對(duì)任何國(guó)家構(gòu)成軍事威脅。新世紀(jì)新階段，中國(guó)把科學(xué)發(fā)展觀作為國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)的重要指導(dǎo)方針，積極推進(jìn)中國(guó)特色軍事變革，努力實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。漢譯英參考譯文：Toupholdworldpeace,promotecommondevelopmentandseekcooperationandwin-winisthecommonwishofthepeoplearoundtheworldandanirresistibletrendofourtimes.Committedtopeace,developmentandcooperation,Chinapursuesaroadofpeacefuldevelopment,andendeavorstobuild,togetherwithothercountries,aharmoniousworldofenduringpeaceandcommonprosperity.

NeverbeforehasChinabeensocloselyboundupwiththerestoftheworldasitistoday.TheChinesegovernmentworkstoadvanceboththefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthecommoninterestsofthepeoplesoftherestoftheworld,andpursuesadefensepolicywhichispurelydefensiveinnature.China'snationaldefense,inkeepingwithandcontributingtothecountry'sdevelopmentandsecuritystrategies,aimsatmaintainingnationalsecurityandunity,andensuringtherealizationofthegoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinanall-roundway.Chinaisdeterminedtoremainastaunchforceforglobalpeace,securityandstability.

China'snationaldefenseandmilitarymodernization,conductedonthebasisofsteadyeconomicdevelopment,istherequirementofkeepingupwithnewtrendsintheglobalrevolutionanddevelopmentinmilitaryaffairs,andofmaintainingChina'snationalsecurityanddevelopment.Chinawillnotengageinanyarmsraceorposeamilitarythreattoanyothercountry.Atthenewstageinthenewcentury,wewilltakethescientificdevelopmentoutlookasanimportantguidingprincipleforthebuildingofnationaldefenseandmilitaryaffairs,vigorouslyadvancetherevolutioninmilitaryaffairswithChinesefeatures,andstrivetorealizeanall-round,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentinourcountry'snationaldefenseandmilitarycapabilities.2006年11月人事部三級(jí)筆譯真題第一部分英譯漢Facedwithgrowingevidencethatavianinfluenzaisspreadinginbirds,theWorldHealthOrganizationonWednesdaysignedanagreementwiththeSwisspharmaceuticalcompanyRocheHoldingtobuildupitsstockpileofmedicinesincaseofapandemicinhumans.Undertheagreement,RochewillreservethreemilliontreatmentsofitsTamifluantiviralmedicineforusebythe

UNagencyincaseofaworldwidehumanpandemicofavianflu."It'sjustenoughtodealwithaninitialoutbreak,"saidJong-WookLee,director-generaloftheWHO."Butclearlythisisnotenoughtodealwithafullpandemic."Theagencysaysonly57peopleinIndonesia,Vietnam,ThailandandCambodiahavedied,mainlyfromcontactwithinfectedbirds.ThevirushaskilledmillionsofchickensandledtopreventivecullingacrossAsiasincelate2003.Sustainedhuman-to-humaninfectionhasnotyetbeenrecorded.ButtheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatbirdflu,whichfirstappearedinHongKongin1997,couldmutategenetically,makingiteasierforhumanstocatchandtransmitthediseaseamongthemselves.SignsthediseasehasspreadrecentlytobirdsinSiberiaandKazakhstanareaddingtoconcerns,theWHOsays.ApanelofEuropeanUnionexpertswillconveneThursdayinBrusselstodiscussmeasurestopreventthespreadofbirddeathstoEuropeanpoultry.Whenaskedwhetherhethoughtawidespreadoutbreakinhumanswasimminent,Leesaid:"Wedon'tknowwhenitwillcome.ButitwouldbehugelyirresponsibleiftheWHOandmemberstatesdidnottakepreventivemeasuresnow."RochedeclinedtogivefiguresforitsstockpilesofTamiflu.Aspokeswomanforthecompany,MartinaRupp,saidittookfrom12to18monthstodeliverthedrugafteranorderwasplaced-arelativelylongtimeduetoacomplicatedproductionprocess.二選一Forallthenaturalandman-madedisastersofthepastyear,travelersseemmoredeterminedthanevertoleavehome.NevermindthetsunamidevastationinAsialastDecember,therecentearthquakeinKashmirorthesuicidebombingsthisyearinLondonandBali,amongotherplacesonoroffthetouristtrail.Thenumberofleisuretravelersvisitingtouristdestinationshitbytroublehasinsomecasesbouncedbacktoalevelhigherthanbeforedisasterstruck.“Thisnewfastrecoveryoftourismweareobservingiskindofstrange,”saidJohnKoldowski,directorfortheStrategicIntelligenceCenteroftheBangkok-basedPacificAsiaTravelAssociation.“Itmakesyouthinkabouttheadagethatanypublicityisgoodpublicity.”Itisstilltoosoontocompileyear-on-yearstatisticsforthedisastersofthepast12months,buttravelindustryexpertssaythatthebroadtrendsarealreadyclear.Leisuretravelisexpectedtoincreasebynearly5percentthisyear,accordingtotheWorldTourismandTravelCouncil.“Tourismandtravelnowseemtobouncebackfasterandhighereachtimethereisaneventofthissort,”saidUfiIbrahim,vicepresidentoftheLondon-basedWorldTourismandTravelCouncil.ForLondon,wheresuicidebomberskilled56andwounded700onJuly8,shesaid,“Itwasalmostasifpeoplewhostayedawayafterthebombattackthendecidedtocomebacktwice.”Earlyindicatorsshowthatthesameholdstrueforotherdisaster-struckdestinations.StatisticscompiledbythePacificAsiaTravelAssociation,forexample,showthatmonthlyvisitorarrivalsinSriLanka,wheretheDec.26,2004,tsunamileftmorethan30,000peopledeadormissing,werehigherthanoneyearearlierforeverymonthfromMarchthroughAugustofthisyear.AcasecommonlycitedbytravelprofessionalsasanearlyexampleofthetrendisBali,where202peoplewerekilledinbombingstargetingWesterntouristsinOctober2002.Visitorarrivalsplungedto993,000fortheyearafterthebombing,butbouncedbackto1.46millionin2004,alevelhigherthanthetwoyearsbeforethebomb,accordingtothePacificAsiaTravelAssociation.EvenamongAustralians,whosufferedtheworstcasualtiesintheBalibombings,thenumberofBali-boundvisitorsbouncedbackwithintwoyearstothehighestlevelsince1998,accordingthePacificAsiaTravelAssociation.Baliwashitagainthisyearbysuicidebomberswhokilled19peopleinexplosionsatthreerestaurants.Visitsarealsoontheupswingtopost-tsunamiThailand,wherethegiantwaveskilled5,400andleftmorethan5,000missing.Althoughthetsunamikilledmorethan500SwedesontheThairesortislandofPhuket,thelargestnumberofanyforeignnationalitytodie,Swedesarereturningtotheislandinlargernumbersthanlastyear,accordingtoMyTravelSweden,aStockholm-basedgroupthatsends600,000touristsoverseasannuallyandclaimsa28percentmarketshareforSweden.“WewereconfidentthatThailandwouldeventuallybouncebackasadestination,butwedidn’tthinkthatthisyearitwouldcomebackevenstrongerthanlastyear,”saidJoakimEriksson,directorofcommunicationforMyTravelSweden.“Wewereverysurprisedbecausewereallyexpectedasignificantdecline.”ErikssonsaidMyTravelnowexpectsa5percentincreaseinvisitorstobothThailandandSriLankathisseasoncomparedwiththesameseasonlastyear.Thisbehaviorisasharpchangefromthepatternsofthe1990s,Erikssonsaid.“DuringthefirstGulfwarwesawasharpdropintravelasawhole,andthesameafterSept.11,”Erikssonsaid.“Nowthemainimpactofterrorismordisastersisachangeindestination.”參考譯文：盡管去年發(fā)生了許多自然災(zāi)害和人為的災(zāi)害，但是旅游者比以往更加堅(jiān)決地出門(mén)旅行。雖然去年12月亞洲的海嘯產(chǎn)生了巨大的破壞力，最近克什米爾發(fā)生了地震，倫敦和巴厘島出現(xiàn)了自殺性炸彈襲擊，游客卻毫不在意，無(wú)論在旅游路線上的地點(diǎn)或其他地方是否有危險(xiǎn)。在某些情況下，受到災(zāi)難影響的旅游地區(qū)吸引的游客人數(shù)快速反彈，甚至比災(zāi)難發(fā)生之前的數(shù)量還多?！拔覀冏⒁獾铰糜螛I(yè)最近快速回升，這種情況是有一點(diǎn)奇怪?！笨偛吭O(shè)在曼谷的太平洋亞洲旅游協(xié)會(huì)戰(zhàn)略情報(bào)中心主任約翰－考爾多斯基說(shuō)道，“這使你想到那句老話，就是-只要是宣傳,好壞都不賴?！彪m然整理過(guò)去12個(gè)月的災(zāi)難年度數(shù)據(jù)還為時(shí)尚早，但是旅游業(yè)專家指出，現(xiàn)在旅游業(yè)發(fā)展總的趨勢(shì)是清楚明確的。世界旅游協(xié)會(huì)指出，今年休閑旅游預(yù)期增長(zhǎng)約5％?！懊看我挥袨?zāi)難發(fā)生，旅游業(yè)現(xiàn)在好像反彈得更快，旅游人數(shù)比災(zāi)害前更高?！笨偛吭趥惗氐檬澜缏糜渭奥眯欣硎聲?huì)副理事長(zhǎng)尤菲－伊布拉辛說(shuō)道。比如倫敦。7月8日倫敦的自殺爆炸襲擊造成56人死亡，700人受傷。尤菲說(shuō)：“看起來(lái)幾乎是那些躲開(kāi)了炸彈襲擊的人決定再來(lái)倫敦看看?！痹缙跀?shù)字指出，對(duì)于其他遭受災(zāi)難的地方來(lái)說(shuō)也是如此。例如，太平洋亞洲旅游協(xié)會(huì)的統(tǒng)計(jì)表明，雖然2004年12月26日的海嘯造成超過(guò)3萬(wàn)人死傷，但是今天3月到8月間，來(lái)到斯里蘭卡的游客人數(shù)每個(gè)月都比去年同期要高。為了說(shuō)明這種趨勢(shì)，旅游專業(yè)人士常常引用的一個(gè)先前的例子是巴厘島。2002年10月，針對(duì)西方人的炸彈襲擊造成202人死亡。然而在爆炸后一年，游客人數(shù)驟降至993000人，而2004年反彈至146萬(wàn)人。太平洋亞洲旅游協(xié)會(huì)指出，這一數(shù)字比炸彈襲擊的前兩年還高。太平洋亞洲旅游協(xié)會(huì)還指出，即使是在巴厘島炸彈襲擊中傷亡最為慘重的澳大利亞人也是如此。僅在襲擊后的兩年內(nèi)，來(lái)巴厘島旅游的人數(shù)就反彈至自1998年以來(lái)的最高點(diǎn)。自殺式炸彈襲擊者今年再度襲擊了巴厘島，三所飯館發(fā)生爆炸，造成19人死亡。泰國(guó)在遭受了海嘯襲擊后，也吸引了更多的游客，而當(dāng)時(shí)的海嘯掀起了巨浪，造成5400人死亡，5000人失蹤。雖然泰國(guó)旅游勝地普吉島的海嘯曾造成500多瑞典人死亡，是死亡人數(shù)最多的外國(guó)人，但是“瑞典－我的旅行”組織說(shuō)，更多的瑞典人回到普吉島旅游，總數(shù)超過(guò)去年。該組織總部設(shè)在斯德哥爾摩，每年把60萬(wàn)游客送往海外，占有28％的瑞典旅游市場(chǎng)份額。“我們深信，泰國(guó)最終重新成為旅游熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)，但是我們沒(méi)有想到，今年的反彈力度比去年還要強(qiáng)勁?！薄叭鸬洌业穆眯小苯M織交通部主任約吉姆－埃里克森說(shuō)，“本來(lái)我們以為人數(shù)會(huì)有大的下滑，所以對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況感到十分吃驚?！卑＠锟松f(shuō)，該組織預(yù)計(jì)，與去年相同的旅游季節(jié)相比，今天去泰國(guó)和斯里蘭卡的游客人數(shù)均將上升5％。他說(shuō)，這種情況與20世紀(jì)90年代有了顯著的變化?！霸诘谝淮魏硲?zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，旅游業(yè)總體上有顯著的下滑，911之后也是如此?！卑＠锟松f(shuō)，“現(xiàn)在，恐怖主義活動(dòng)或?yàn)?zāi)害襲擊給旅游業(yè)造成的影響無(wú)非是改變了旅游的目的地而已。”第二部分漢譯英２５年來(lái)，中國(guó)堅(jiān)定不移地推進(jìn)改革開(kāi)放，社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制初步建立，開(kāi)放型經(jīng)濟(jì)已經(jīng)形成，社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力和綜合國(guó)力不斷增強(qiáng)，各項(xiàng)社會(huì)事業(yè)全面發(fā)展，人民生活總體上實(shí)現(xiàn)了由溫飽到小康的歷史性跨越。從1978年至２００３年的２５年間，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)年均增長(zhǎng)９．４％。２５年前，中國(guó)年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值為１４７３億美元，去年已達(dá)到１４０００多億美元。２５年前，中國(guó)年進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額為２０６億美元，去年已達(dá)到８５１２億美元。２５年前，中國(guó)外匯儲(chǔ)備為１．６７億美元，去年已達(dá)到４０３３億美元。目前，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)總量居世界第六，進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額居世界第四。中國(guó)之所以能夠發(fā)生這樣巨大的變化，最關(guān)鍵的原因是我們始終堅(jiān)持走中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，始終堅(jiān)持改革開(kāi)放，激發(fā)了全體人民的積極性、主動(dòng)性、創(chuàng)造性。中國(guó)雖然取得了很大的發(fā)展成就，但中國(guó)人口多，底子薄，生產(chǎn)力不發(fā)達(dá)，發(fā)展很不平衡，生態(tài)環(huán)境、自然資源與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的矛盾比較突出。雖然中國(guó)人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已經(jīng)突破１０００美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中國(guó)要實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，使全體人民都過(guò)上富裕生活，還需要進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期不懈的艱苦奮斗。我們已經(jīng)明確了本世紀(jì)頭２０年的奮斗目標(biāo)，這就是全面建設(shè)惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會(huì)，到２０２０年實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比２０００年翻兩番，達(dá)到４萬(wàn)億美元，人均國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達(dá)到３０００美元，使經(jīng)濟(jì)更加發(fā)展、民主更加健全、科教更加進(jìn)步、文化更加繁榮、社會(huì)更加和諧、人民生活更加殷實(shí)。2007年5月人事部三級(jí)筆譯真題第一部分英譯漢IttooknineyearsfromthetimetheDanishandSwedishgovernmentsagreedtobuildafixedlinkbetweentheircountriestothetimethefirstcar,train,truckandbicyclistscrossedtheOresundConstructionofthebridge,includingdesignandcornerstone,beganinMarch1991andwascompletedinJuly2000.Today,itisthelongeststone-stayedroadandrailbridgeintheworld.Atapproximately10miles(16kilometers),includingthetunnel,itisanengineeringandarchitecturalmarvel.Butastimehasproven,thebridgeisaculturalandeconomicboonaswell.ThesleekspanofconcretewhosedesigntypifiesScandinavianminimalismhascontributedgreatlytothedevelopmentoftheOresundregion:theeasternpartofDenmark,includingCopenhagen,andthesouthwesternpartofSweden,includingMalm?andLund.ThelevelofcommutingbetweenMalm?andCopenhagenhasquadrupledsincetheopeningofthebridgein2000,andthenumberofDanesmovingtothesouthofSwedenhasincreasedsixfold.TheOresundregionhasbecomeaculturalandeconomicpowerhouse,consideredamodelregionbytheEuropeanUnion.Workonthebridgebeganin1995,andwasundertakenbyateamofinternationalconsultingandconstructioncompanies.Fromthebeginning,constructionofthebridgecompliedwithsomeoftheworld’stoughestenvironmentalregulations,aswellasmanyadvanceddesignandconstructiondetails.TheMexico-basedCEMEX,oneoftheworld’slargestproducersofCementandready-mixconcrete,wasawardedacontracttodelivertonsofhigh-qualitycementtohelpbuildthemainpartofthebridge,thetwoapproachbridgesandthetunnel.WhenitopenedinJuly2000,theOresundBridgeconsistedofa3.5-kilometerimmersedtunnel,thelargestofitskindintheworld,a4-kilometerlongartificialisland(madefrommuddugoutfromthebottomofstraittomakespaceforthetunnel)anda7.8-kilometercable-stayedbridge,theworld’slongestbridgeincludingbothahighwayandarailroad.Thoughjusthalfofthetotalconstruction,theactualbridgespan,isvisibleabovewater,theoverallarchitecturewasdesignedtopleasetheeyefromboththeDanishandSwedishsidesofthestrait.Thefour204-meter(670feet)tallpillarscarryingthebridgehaveasimpleScandinaviandesign.Todriversandpassengerscrossingthebridge,thepillarsprovideavisual,aswellasactual,impressionofstabilityandcalm.Thetwo-levelstructureismadeofsteelandconcrete.Alongtiletwoapproachbridges,tracksarepiacedinconcretetroughsthatturnintosteeldecksonthebridge.Thebridge’supperdeckcarriescarsandtrucks,whilethelowerdeckaccommodatestherailroad.Thefourpillarsaregroundedingiantcementboxesplacedatthebottomofthestrait,about18metersbelowsealevel.Lastyear,anaverageof13,600vehiclesand17,000passengerscrossedthebridgeeveryday,andtrafficcontinuestoincreaseby10-20percenteveryyear.Throughouttheconstructionprocess,theDanishandSwedishenvironmentalagencieshavesurveyedbutfoundnochangesinthewildlife,birds,fishandvegetationsurroundingthebridge.Inaddition,thechemicalsusedinconstructionandthepercentageofwastematerialshavebeenkepttoaminimum,asrequiredbybothDanishandSwedishlaws.In2003,theOresund第二部分漢譯英能源是人類社會(huì)賴以生存和發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。縱觀人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的歷史，人類文明的每一次重大進(jìn)步都伴隨著能源的改進(jìn)和更替。能源的開(kāi)發(fā)利用極大地推進(jìn)了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和人類社會(huì)的發(fā)展。

過(guò)去100多年里，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家先后完成了工業(yè)化，消耗了地球上大量的自然資源，特別是能源資源。當(dāng)前，一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家正在步入工業(yè)化階段，能源消費(fèi)增加是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的客觀必然。

中國(guó)是當(dāng)今世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，擺脫貧困，是中國(guó)政府和中國(guó)人民在相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)期內(nèi)的主要任務(wù)。20世紀(jì)70年代末以來(lái)，中國(guó)作為世界上發(fā)展最快的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展取得了舉世矚目的輝煌成就，成功地開(kāi)辟了中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義道路，為世界的發(fā)展和繁榮作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。

中國(guó)是目前世界上第二位能源生產(chǎn)國(guó)和消費(fèi)國(guó)。能源供應(yīng)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展提供了重要的支撐。能源消費(fèi)的快速增長(zhǎng)，為世界能源市場(chǎng)創(chuàng)造了廣闊的發(fā)展空間。中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界能源市場(chǎng)不可或缺的重要組成部分，對(duì)維護(hù)全球能源安全，正在發(fā)揮著越來(lái)越重要的積極作用。漢譯英參考答案：Energyisanessentialmaterialbasisforhumansurvivalanddevelopment.Overtheentirehistoryofmankind,eachandeverysignificantstepintheprogressofhumancivilizationhasbeenaccompaniedbyenergyinnovationsandsubstitutions.Thedevelopmentandutilizationofenergyhasenormouslyboostedthedevelopmentoftheworldeconomyandhumansociety.Overmorethan100yearsinthepast,developedcountrieshavecompletedtheirindustrialization,consuminganenormousquantityofnaturalresources,especiallyenergyresources,intheprocess.Today,somedevelopingcountriesareusheringintheirowneraofindustrialization,andanincreaseofenergyconsumptionisinevitablefortheireconomicandsocialdevelopment.Chinaisthelargestdevelopingcountryintheworld,anddevelopingitseconomyandeliminatingpovertywill,foralongtimetocome,remainthemaintasksfortheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeople.Sincethelate1970’s,China,asthefastestgrowingdevelopingcountry,hasscoredbrilliantachievementsinitseconomyandsocietythathaveattractedworldwideattention,successfullyblazedthetrailofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,andmadesignificantcontributionstoworlddevelopmentandprosperity.Chinaisnowtheworld’ssecond-largestenergyproducerandconsumer.Thesustainedgrowthofenergysupplyhasprovidedanimportantsupportforthecountry’seconomicgrowthandsocialprogress,whiletherapidexpansionofenergyconsumptionhascreatedavastscopefortheglobalenergymarket.Asanirreplaceablecomponentoftheworldenergymarket,Chinaplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinmaintainingglobalenergysecurity.2007年11月：人事部三級(jí)筆譯（CATTI）英譯漢真題OneofthebiggestdecisionsAndyBlevinshasevermade,andoneofthefewhenowregrets,neverseemedlikemuchofadecisionatall.Itjustfeltlikethenaturalthingtodo.Inthesummerof1995,hewasmovingboxesofsoupcans,papertowelsanddogfoodacrossthefloorofasupermarketwarehouse,oneofthebiggestbuildingshereinsouthwestVirginia.Theheatwasbrutal.Thejobhadsoundedimpossiblewhenhearrivedfreshoffhisfirstyearofcollege,lookingtomakesomesummermoney,stillaskinnyteenagerwithsandyblondhairandanarrow,freckledface.Buthardworkdonewellwassomethingheunderstood,evenifhewasthefirstcollegeboyinhisfamily.Soonhewasmakingbonusesontopofhis$6.75anhour,moremoneythaneitherofhisparentsmade.Hisgirlfriendwasaround,andsowerehishometownbuddies.Andyactedmoreoutgoingwiththem,morerelaxed.PeopleinChilhowienoticedthat.Itwasjustabouttheperfectsummer.Sothethoughtcrossedhismind:maybeitdidnothavetoend.Maybehewouldtakeabreakfromcollegeandkeepworking.HehadbeengettingC'sandD's,andcollegeneverfeltlikehome,anyway."Ienjoyedworkinghard,gettingthejobdone,gettingapaycheck,"Mr.Blevinsrecalled."IjustknewIdidn'twanttoquit."Sohequitcollegeinstead,andwiththat,AndyBlevinsjoinedoneofthelargestandfastest-growinggroupsofyoungadultsinAmerica.Hebecameacollegedropout,thoughnongraduatemaybethemorepreciseterm.Manypeoplelikehimplantoreturntogettheirdegrees,eveniffewactuallydo.AlmostoneinthreeAmericansintheirmid-20'snowfallintothisgroup,upfromoneinfiveinthelate1960's,whentheCensusBureaubegankeepingsuchdata.Mostcomefrompoorandworking-classfamilies.Thatgaphadgrownoverrecentyears."WeneedtorecognizethatthemostseriousdomesticproblemintheUnitedStatestodayisthewideninggapbetweenthechildrenoftherichandthechildrenofthepoor,"LawrenceH.Summers,thepresidentofHarvard,saidlastyearwhenannouncingthatHarvardwouldgivefullscholarshipstoallitslowest-incomestudents."Andeducationisthemostpowerfulweaponwehavetoaddressthatproblem."AndyBlevinssaysthathetooknowstheimportanceofadegree.Tenyearsaftertradingcollegeforthewarehouse,Mr.Blevins,29,spendshisdaysatthesamesupermarketcompany.Hehasworkedhiswayuptoproducebuyer,earning$35,000ayearwithhealthbenefitsanda401(k)plan.Heisonapathtypicalforsomeonewhoattendedcollegewithoutgettingafour-yeardegree.Menintheirearly40'sinthiscategorymadeanaverageof$42,000in2000.Thosewithafour-yeardegreemade$65,000.Mr.Blevinssayshehasmanyreasonstobehappy.Heliveswithhiswife,Karla,andtheiryear-oldson,Lucas,inasmallblue-and-yellowhouseinthemiddleofastunninglypicturesqueAppalachianvalley."Lookingback,IwishIhadgottenthatdegree,"Mr.Blevinssaidinhissoft-spokenlilt."Fouryearsseemedlikeathousandyearsthen.ButIwishIwouldhavejustputinmyfouryears."Whysomanylow-incomestudentsfallfromthecollegeranksisaquestionwithoutasimpleanswer.Manyhighschoolsdoapoorjobofpreparingteenagersforcollege.Tuitionbillsscaresomestudentsfromevenapplyingandleaveotherswithyearsofdebt.ToMr.Blevins,likemanyotherstudentsoflimitedmeans,everyweekofgoingtoclassesseemedlikeanotherweekoflosingmoney."Thesystemmakesafalsepromisetostudents,"saidJohnT.CasteenIII,thepresidentoftheUniversityofVirginia,himselfthesonofaVirginiashipyardworker.2008年11月：（CATTI）三級(jí)筆譯OneofNature'smostfascinatingmysteriesishowpigeonsfindtheirwayhomeovervastdistances.

Nomatterhowfarawaytheyaretaken,theyalmostalwaysreturntotheirlofts.

NowGermanscientistsbelievetheyhavediscoveredhowthebirdsdoit.Researchhasrevealedthattinyironstructuresintheirbeaksallowthemtoanalysetheearth'smagneticfield-muchlikeacompass.

Throughthesignalspickedup,thebirdscanworkoutwheretheyareandsetoutonthebestcoursehome.

Aswellaspigeons,manymigratingbirdsdisplayaremarkableabilitytoflythousandsofmilestoreturntoaspecificgardenortreeyearafteryear.Scientistsaresuggestingtheymayhavesimilariron-containingcellsintheirbeaks.

Theamazingabilitiesofhomingpigeonsmadetheminvaluableduringbothworldwars,withbothsidesusingthemtosendmessagesoverenemylines.

Thirty-twoofthe250,000pigeonsusedbyUKforcesinWorldWarTwowereevenawardedmedalsforvalour.

In2005,thefilmValiantrecordedtheexploitsofagroupoffictionalwartimehomingpigeons.

Inthepast,expertshavesuggestedthebirdsusethesunandstarstonavigate,althoughin2004researchersfoundthatmanyfollowroadsratherthantheirinternalcompasstoplantheirroute.

Italianscientistsalsorecentlyfoundthatthebirdscancreate'odourmaps'ofareastheyflyover,whichmayhelpthemfindtheirway.Howeverscientistshavelongbelievedthattheycaninsomewayusethenaturalmagnetismoftheearthtonavigate.TherecentstudybyGermanscientistshasrevealedhowthismaybepossible.

Theresearch,publishedinthelatesteditionofthejournalNaturwissenschaften,usedX-raystoexaminetheupperbeaksofpigeons.Theyfoundthatwithintheskinliningaretinyironcontainingparticlesinnervebrancheswhicharearrangedina3Dpattern.

Theteam,ledbyGertaFleissner,concludedthatthisallowsthebirdstoreacttotheexternalmagneticfieldoftheplanetandworkouttheirpreciselocation.

Shepointedoutthatsimilarironcontainingcellshadbeenfoundinthebeaksofrobins,warblersandchickenssoitmaywellturnouttobethewaythatotherspeciesalsonavigate.

"Weexpectthatthepigeon-typereceptormightturnouttobeauniversalfeatureofallbirds,"shesaid.

Scientistsarestilldiscoveringmoreabouttheincredibleabilitiesofthepigeon.

LastyearaFrenchteamfoundthattheycanmemorise1,200pictures.

Theresearchersconcludedthatwhilebirdsandotheranimalsaredifferentinsomanyways,ourdivergentevolutionarypathshavehadlittleimpactonthebasicprocessesofourmemories.

However,despitesuchimpressivememories,pigeonsarenotthemostintelligentbirds,accordingtoresearchers.

Ateamin2005judgedtheintelligenceofarangeofbirdsandconcludedthatcrows,rooks,jaysandravenstoppedtheIQleague,whiletheNewWorldquailearnedthedubioushonourofbeingthemoststupid.2008年5月：CATTI三級(jí)筆譯英譯漢真題EuropePushestoGetFuelFromFieldsARDEA,Italy—Thepreviousgrowingseason,thislushcoastalfieldnearRomewasfilledwithrowsofdelicatedurumwheat,usedtomakehigh-qualitypasta.Todayitoverflowswithrapeseed,atall,gnarledweedlikeplantburstingwithcoarseyellowflowersthathasbecomeanewmannaforEuropeanfarmers:rapeseedcanbeturnedintobiofuel.Motivatedbygeneroussubsidiestodevelopalternativeenergysources—andameasureofconcernaboutthefutureoftheplanet—Europe’sfarmersarebeginningtogrowcropsthatcanbeturnedintofuelsmeanttoproducefeweremissionsthangasoroil.TheyarechasingtheircounterpartsintheAmericaswhohavebeenraisingcropsforbiofuelformorethanfiveyears.“Thisisamuch-neededboosttooureconomy,ourfarms,”saidMarcelloPini,50,afarmer,standinginfrontoftherapeseedheplantedforthefirsttime.“Ofcourse,wehopeithelpstheenvironment,too.”InMarch,theEuropeanCommission,disappointedbytheslowgrowthofthebiofuelsindustry,approvedadirectivethatincludeda“bindingtarget”requiringmembercountriestouse10percentbiofuelfortransportby2020—themostambitiousandspecificgoalintheworld.MostEuropeancountriesarefarfromachievingthetarget,andareintroducingincentivesandsubsidiestobolsterproduction.Asaresult,bioenergycropshavereplacedfood