初中英語(yǔ)中考：閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

考點(diǎn)四十七閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

k5考點(diǎn)詳解/

"英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文”，顧名思義，就是一種以“說(shuō)明、解釋“為主要表總方式的英語(yǔ)文體。它是對(duì)客觀事

物的性狀、特點(diǎn)、功能和用途等作科學(xué)解說(shuō)的。它既不像故事那樣重在情節(jié)的敘述和描寫，也不像議論文

那樣，重在闡明主張和論點(diǎn)論據(jù)；更不像科幻作品那樣富于想象和虛構(gòu)夸張。說(shuō)明文是通過(guò)解說(shuō)事物、闡

明事理，使人們?cè)鲩L(zhǎng)知識(shí)和技能。說(shuō)明文是高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題中的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容之一。說(shuō)明文具有與自己特

點(diǎn)相適應(yīng)的說(shuō)明方法，因此說(shuō)明文結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)多，易于拉開考生分?jǐn)?shù)檔次，便于高校分層次選拔

人才。然而對(duì)于考生來(lái)說(shuō)說(shuō)明文抽象度高，解題難度大。高考對(duì)說(shuō)明文的考查多為科普知識(shí)，動(dòng)植物特性、

自然現(xiàn)象和新產(chǎn)品、新工藝介紹以及人文地理、風(fēng)土人情等方面的說(shuō)明文，文中解釋性、定義性、說(shuō)明性

的句子居多。因此考生要掌握說(shuō)明文的命題特點(diǎn)，敘述方式，以冷靜的心態(tài)閱讀原文，重點(diǎn)突破長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)

特點(diǎn)和邏輯關(guān)系，以便對(duì)其做出準(zhǔn)確的語(yǔ)意理解。

說(shuō)明文閱讀理解的特征

一般說(shuō)來(lái)，英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文與其他文體一樣，文章所涉及的內(nèi)容不外乎以下幾個(gè)方面，即who-what-

when—>where—>how—>why。

1.who：?jiǎn)柕氖沁@篇文章的主體是誰(shuí)？（即所要說(shuō)明和描述的人或事物）

2.what：?jiǎn)柕氖侵黧w做了什么事情？（即主體表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）

3.when和where：是在何時(shí)何地發(fā)生的？（即何時(shí)何地所表現(xiàn)出的特性、功能和用途）

4.how：通過(guò)什么方式表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的？

5.why：這種特性功能用途的原因是什么？

做說(shuō)明文閱讀理解題的時(shí)候，一定要記住上面的wh-word。邊閱讀，邊搜記，牢記要點(diǎn)，把握全文。

叫鼠跟蹤訓(xùn)練

A

WelcometoLondon!Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutthiswonderfulcity.London,thecapitalofthe

UnitedKingdom,isthebiggestcityinWesternEuropewithover7millionpeople.ItsitsbytheRiverThames.

Londonhasahistoryofmorethan2000years.Becauseallovertheworldarefamiliarwiththecity'sred

double-decker（雙層的）busesandblacktaxis.

People

TheBritishEmpireusedtorulearoundtheworld,somanypeoplefromaroundtheworldmovedtoLondon.

Theyhavebroughtwiththemtheirownlanguagesandcultures.Morethan300differentlanguagesarespokenin

London.

Culture

Londonisknownforitsmuseums.OneimportantmuseumisBritishMuseum.Itistheoldestpublicmuseum

intheworld.TherearetwomainartmuseumsinLondon:theNationalGalleryandtheTateGallery.Besides,

Londonisalsohometoarts,suchastheatreandmusic.TheGlobeTheatre,whichwaspopularinthelate16thand

17thcenturies,wasopenedforperformancesofWilliamShakespeare'scentralLondon.

Touristattractions

Londonhasmanywonderfulplacestovisit.Forexample,thewell-knownClockTower,a320-foot-hightower,

wascalledtheBigBen.AnotherfamousLondonbuildingisBuckinghamPalace.Themembersofroyal（皇家的）

familyofEnglandlivethere.Besides,HydeParkisthelargestopenareaincentralLondon.

1.What'sthepopulationofLondon?

A.Lessthan7million.B.Only7million.

C.Morethan7million.D.Nearly7million.

2.HowmanymuseumsarethereinLondonaccordingtothepassage?

A.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.Five

3.ThemembersofroyalfamilyofEnglandlivein.

A.theBigBenB.BuckinghamPalace

C.HydeParkD.BritishMuseum

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned（提及）inthepassage?

A.TheLocationofLondon.

B.ThehistoryofLondon.

C.TheinterestingplacesinLondon.

D.ThefoodinLondon.

5.Fromthepassage,wecanknowthat.

A.morethan300differentlanguagesarespokeninLondon

B.theGlobeTheatrehaslessthan300years'history

C.theBigBenisa320-foot-highclock

D.LondonisthebiggestcityinEurope

B

Differentgestures（手勢(shì)）meandifferentthingsindifferentcountries.Sometimesagesturethatispoliteinone

countryisnotpoliteinanotherandshouldnotbeused.Differentmeaningsofgesturescanalsocauseproblemsin

understandingwhatanotherpersonistryingtosay.Agesturethatmanypeopledonotunderstandisonethatuses

thethumb.Mostwesternerswillsometimesshowthattheylikesomethingbyholdingoutaclosedhandwiththe

thumbliftingintheair.ThisiscalledgivesomeoneorsomethingHthethumbsup”.Often,onlyonethumbis

used,soitshouldbeHthethumbup”.

Theusualexplanation（解釋）fortheoriginofthisgestureisnotreallycorrect.ItsaysthatinancientRoman

times,whenpeoplewerepleasedwiththewayagladiator（角斗士）hadfought,theyshowedtheirthumbsup.

Whentheywerenotpleased,theygavethethumbsdown.Whenagladiatorwasgiventhethumbsup,theemperor

allowedhimtolive.Whenagladiatorwasgiventhethumbsdown,theemperororderedhimtobekilled.

Thetruthis,however,itwastranslatedintoawrongmeaningbymistake.Ifpeoplewantedtosavethe

gladiator,theyputouttheirhandsandhidtheirthumbsintheirhands.Iftheywantedthegladiatortodie,they

pointedtheirthumbsstraightathim.

1.Westernerslifttheirthumbswhenthey.

A.wantsomeonetodieB.likesomething

C.wanttogotoaplaygroundD.wantsomeonetolive

2.MostpeoplethinkthatinancientRome,“thumbsup"meantthat.

A.theemperorcoulddie

B.thepeoplewantedthegladiatortolive

C.thefightingcouldcontinue

D.thepeoplewerenotpleased

3.Infact,ifpeoplewantedagladiatortolive,they.

A.hidtheirthumbsB.pointedtheirthumbsdown

C.liftedtheirthumbsupD.pointedtheirthumbsathim

4.Fromthearticleweknowthat.

A.differentgestureshavedifferentmeaningsindifferentcountries

B.afriendlygestureisalwaysthesameindifferentcountries

C.themeaningof"thumbsup"isthesamebothnowandthepast

D.weshouldoftenusethethumbs

5.Themainideaofthisarticleisabout.

A.gesturesaroundtheworld

B.closedthumbs

C.gesturesinancientRome

D.thethumbs-upgesture

真題再現(xiàn).

A

（2017?湖北恩施州）Wechatispopularamongus,butifsomeonedeletesyouorblocks（屏蔽）youonit,

doesitmeanyou'vemadehimorherangry?

Itdepends.

Maybeyouhavejustleftmessagestoooftenwithoutmuchvaluableinformation.Forexample,thequestions

arethoselike4howareu?''whatareudoing?"douloveme?'toooften.Youknow,peoplemayfeelboredafter

answeringsuchkindsofquestionstimeaftertime.

Anotherpossiblereasonmaybethatyou'vesentsomethingunpleasanttoyourfriendorinyourfriendcircle.I

justblockedoneofmymiddleschoolclassmatesyesterdaybecauseshewastryingtosellfakegoodsinthefriend

circle,andIhaleitquitemuch.

Somepeopledeletetheone'snamefromfriends,listbecausetheynolongerwanttoseeit（maybe

ex-boyfriendorex-girlfriend）andtheydon'twanttheonetoseetheir"Moments"（動(dòng)態(tài)）onWeChat（maybe

theypublishveryprivatepicturesorlifeorthoughtstheydon'twanttosharewithhimorher.）

Sowhyyouareblockedmaydependonhisorhermoodorpreference（喜好）,andthereasonsapersongets

blockedarevariousfrompersontoperson.SoIsuggestyoutowriteanemailormakeaphonecalltothatpersonif

heorshereallymeansalottoyoutoseewhyheorsheisdissatisfiedwithyou,andtofindouthowyoucanmake

upforthecase.

1.FromParagraph3,wecanknowifyouareblockedthatisbecause.

A.youareaskingtoomanyboringquestionsB.yourfriendisangry

C.yourfrienddoesn'tlikeansweringquestionsD.yourfriendhasnotimetoreply

2.Theunderlinedword"fake"inthepassageprobablymeans.

A.令人喜愛(ài)的B.真實(shí)的C.完美的D.假冒的

3.InParagraph5,theunderlinedword'*it"refersto______.

A.thegoodsB.thename

C.theprivatelifeD.thefriendcircle

4.causesofbeingdeletedorblockedarementionedinthepassage.

A.4B.2C.3D.5

5.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.FriendCircleB.WhyAreYouBlocked?

C.APopularWayofCommunicationD.HowtoMakeYourFriendSatisfied

B

（2017?云南昆明）Inthe19thcentury,trainswerethebestwaytotravellongdistances（距離）overland.

Trainswerefastandconvenient.Inthe20thcentury,airplanesreplacedtrainsforlong-distancetravel.Today,

however,high-speedtrainsareattracting（吸弓I）passengersagain.

FrancehasatraincalledtheTGV.TGVis"TrainaGrandeVitesse"inFrench,whichmeans”high-speed

trainH.ATGVtrainoperatesatspeedupto300km/h.ThepassengerscantravelfromParistoMarseillesinonly

fourhours.

Thefirstcountrytohaveahigh-speedtrainisJapan.TheBullettrainoffersafast,smoothridebetweenTokyo

andothermajorcitiesinJapan.Thistrainoperatesatspeedupto210km/handcantravelbetweenTokyoand

Osakainjustthreehours.

Chinahastheworld'slongesthigh-speedrailnetworkwithover19,369.8kmoftrack（軌道）inservicefrom

December2014.China'shigh-speedrailsystemalsoincludestheworld'slongestline,the2.298km

Beijing-Guangzhouhigh-speedrailway.China'shigh-speedtrainsaremarkedwith"CRH"（China'srailway

high-speed）.TheyarealsocalledHexieHao.Thefastesttrainsets,CRH380BL,reachedthehighesttestspeedof

487.3km/h.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase”atspeed"inthesecondparagraphmean?

A.fastB.lateC.slowlyrD.deeply

2.Thefirstcountrytohaveahigh-speedtrainis.

A.ChinaB.JapanC.FranceD.America

3.Whichistheworld'slongesthigh-speedrailwayline?

A.ThelinefromBeijingtoShanghai.B.ThelinefromParistoMarseilles.

C.ThelinefromBeijingtoGuangzhou.D.ThelinefromTokyotoOsaka.

4.ThehighesttestspeedofGRH380BLwasL

A.210km/h

B.overdoublethespeedoftheJapaneseBullettrain

C.300km/h

D.morethandoublethespeedoftheFrenchTOVtrain

5.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?

A.ThedevelopmentoftheFrenchTGVtrain.

B.ThehistoryoftheJapaneseBullettrain.

C.ThetestsoftheChineseCRH380BLtrainsets.

D.Theintroductionofhigh-speedtrains.

C

（2017?河南）Theideathatredmeansstopandgreenmeanshasinfluencedourlivesinmorewaysthanjust

trafficsignals（信號(hào)）.Wehavebeentaughtfromayoungagethatthecolorredmeansdangerandgreenmeansit's

okaytomoveforward.Butwhywerethosecolorschosenfortrafficlightsinthefirstplace?Forsomethingwehave

tolookateveryday,whycouldn'ttheyhavebeenprettiercolors?

Well,it'simporttoknowthatbeforetrafficlightsforcars,thereweretrafficsignalsfbrtrains.Atfirst,railway

companiesusedredtomeanstop,whitetomeango,andgreentomeanwarn.Asyoucouldimagine,trainsraninto

afewproblemswithwhitemeaninggo.Forexample,onetrainmistookabrightstarforawhitelightandsomething

unexpectedhappened.Becauseofthat,railwaycompaniesfinallymovedgreenmeaninggoandusedyellowto

meanwarn.Andit'sbeenthatwayeversince.

Redhasalwaysbeenacolorthatmeandanger,longbeforecarswereevenaround.Thismostlikelystarted

becauseit'sthecolorwiththelongestwavelength（波長(zhǎng)）soitcanbeseensomewherefartherthanothercolors.

But,believeitornot,yellowwasonceusedtomeanstop.Backinthe1900s,somestopsignswereyellow

becauseitwastoohardtoseearedsigninapoorlylitarea.Finally,highlyreflectivematerials（高反射材料）were

developedandredstopsignswerebom.Sinceyellowcanbeseenwellatalltimesoftheday,schoolzones,some

trafficsigns,andschoolbusescontinuetobeprintedyellow.

Sonexttimeyouareimpatientlywaitingatatrafficlight,don'tgetsomadatthem,they'vecertainlycomea

longway.

1.Whatweretrafficsignalsforbeforetrafficlightsforcars?

A.TrainsB.Boats.C.PlanesD.Bicycles

2.Whichofthefollowingcolorsmeantgoatfirst?

A.Red.B.Yellow.C.White.D.Green.

3.Whydoesredmeandanger?

A.Becauseit'sthebrightestcolor.B.Becauseitcanbeseenfaraway.

C.Becauserailwaycompaniessayso.D.Becauseithastheshortestwavelength.

4.Whyareschoolbusespaintedyellow?

A.Becauseyellowisaprettiercolor.

B.Becauseyellowoncemeatdanger.

C.Becauseyellowcanbeseenwellindaytime.

D.Becauseyellowmeansit'sOKtogoforward.

5.Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?

A.Howimportanttrafficlightsare.

B.Whichcolorhasthelongestwavelength.

C.Whatred,yellowandgreencanbeusedfor.

D.Whytrafficlightsarered,yellowandgreen.

模擬檢測(cè)

A

（2017學(xué)年瑞安市玉海實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)九年級(jí)上期中）About96%ofyoungpeopleintheUKusuallyusethe

internettocommunicateaccordingtoasurveyof24,000Britishpeopleaged9-11.Areportshowsthatonly40%of

youngpeopleknowthatpersonalinformationsharedonlinestaysonlineforever.Thereareabout250milliontweets

generatedeverydayandaround800millionFacebookusers-thatmeansalotofinformationissharedonline.So

areyoungusingtheinternetsafely?

Doyouknowhowtochangeyourprivacysettingsonsocialmedia?Forexample,youcanclicktche”flower'

icon"or"settings'*onFacebooktogettoyourprivacysettings.Thenyoucandecidewhoseesyourposts

andpersonalinformation:friends,friendsoffriendsoreveryone.Doyouwanteveryoneintheworldtobeableto

seeyouremailaddressorjustfriends?

TheBBCShareTakeCarecampaignisallabouthelpingeverybody,fromlittlekidstotheover55s,tomake

theironlineactivitysaferandprotectthemselvesontheweb.Thecampaignsaysadultsandteenagersneedtobe

morecarefulwithpersonalinformationandimagesonline.

Everybodyknowsthatweshouldbepoliteandkindtopeopleinreallifeandonline.Unluckilythisdoesn't

alwayshappen.Wherecanyoureportonlineabuseorunkindmessagestoyourselforyourfriends?Doyouknow

howtoreportsuchmessagesonline?Forexample,ifyouseeanunkindtweetonTwitteryoucanclickon"more"

andthenchoose“Reporttweet'*.Youthenblockallfurthertweetsfromthatuser.

1.Howmanyyoungpeopleknowsharedinformationstaysonlineforeveraccordingtothereport?

A.Veryfew.B.Lessthanahalf.

C.Morethanahalf.D.Almosteveryone

2.Thesecondparagraphmainlytellsus.

A.howtouseFacebook

B.howtochangeouremailaddress

C.howtochangeourprivacysettings

D.howtoprotectourpersonalinformation

3.What'sthepurposeoftheBBCShareTakeCarecampaign?

A.TohelpadultstosurftheInternet.

B.Tohelppeopletostaysafeonline.

C.Tohelpkidstoprotectthemselvesonline.

D.Tohelpteenagerstobecarefulwiththeirinformation

4.Whenyouseeanunkindmessage,youareadvisedto.

A.saveitB.forgetitC.ignoreitD.reportit

B

TheLantemFestivalfallsonthe15thofthefirstmonthofthelunarcalendar.Thisdayisalwaysthefirstfull

moonintheNewYear.AncientpeoplealsocalleditShangyuanFestival.CelebrationsandtraditionsFonthisday

beganfromtheHanDynastyandbecamepopularintheTangDynasty.

Watchingtheredlanternsisoneofthemaintraditions.Lanternsofdifferentshapesandsizesareusuallyput

ontrees,oralongriverbanksonshow.ItissaidthatskylanternswerefirstusedbyZhugeKongmingtoaskfor

helpwhenhewasintrouble.Today,whenthelanternsslowlyriseintotheair,peoplemakewishes.

Anothertraditionisguessinglanternriddles.Theriddlesareusuallyshort,wise,andsometimeshumorous.

TheanswertoariddlecanbeaChinesecharacter,afamousperson'sname,oraplacename.

Themostimportantthingistoeatsweetdumplingswithdifferenttastes.InnorthernChina,theyarecalled

yuanxiaowhileinsouthernpartthey'renamedtangyuan.Becausemakingsweetdumplingsislikeagameoran

activity,theyareusuallydonehappilybyagroupoffriendsorfamilymembers.

Inoldtimes,theLanternFestivalwasalsoromantic.Watchinglanternsgaveyoungpeopleachancetomeet

eachother.AlinefromXinQijiapoetduringtheSongDynasty,showsthis;

HundredsandthousandsoftimesIsearchedforherinthecrowed.SuddenlyIturned,andthereshestoodfin

thedimlight.

1.WhatwereskylanternsfirstusedforbyZhugeKongminginancienttimes?

A.Makingwishes.B.Celebratingbirthdays.

C.PlayinggamesD.Askingforhelp.

2.ThelinefromXinQijiinthepassageshowstheLantemFestivalwasinoldtimes.

A.boringB.humorousC.romanticD.popular

C

InJune,threestudentsfromthesamehighschoolinWujiashanHighSchool,HubeiProvinceeachwonagold

medalatanimportantinventiontradeshowintheUnitedStates.

OneofthemisWangYujie.Herinventioncancontroltheoxygenlevelitselfinpoolsdayandnight.Usually,

fishkeepersincreaseoxygeninfishpoolsbyhand,andit'shardwork,butnowtheycansavealotofstrength.

AnotherwinnerXueJigangisalsointhefirstyearofhighschool.Xue'sinventionisanin-carsystem（系統(tǒng)）.

Thethjrdwinner'sinventioncouldbeusedmorewidely.ZhongJunchengtoldthelocalnewspaperthathisideaof

anautomatic（自動(dòng)的）toiletcamefromanunpleasantexperienceataservicecenterontheexpressway（高速

路）whenhisfathertookhimbacktohishomeprovinceFujianduringasummervacationaboutayearago."I

foundsometoiletshadnowaterandhadaterriblesmell.IthoughtIshouldinventsomething.nhesaid,"It's

greattowinthemedal,*'hesaid."Ihopeonedaymyinventioncandevelopintoaproductandservemore

people.u

WujiashanHighSchoolstartedaninventingprogramin2004andmadeulifeandinvention"anecessary

courseforitsstudents.Itsstudentshavedevelopedmorethan4,700inventions.Nearly500havewoninvention

prizesinChina.HeJianming,theschoolhead,said."Theinventingprogramhelpsstudentsbecomeactiveand

creativeinthinking."

1.Thethreestudentswhowongoldmedalsarefrom.

A.thedifferentschoolsB.thesameschool

C.thedifferentclasses.D.thesameclass

2.WecanlearnthattheservicecenterontheexpresswaytoZhongJuncheng'shometownhadareally

condition.

A.simpleB.poorC.comfortableD.excellent

3.inventionisusedinacar.

A.WangYujie'sB.XueJigang9s

C.ZhongJuncheng'sD.HeJianming's

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthethreeinventors?

A.XueJigang'sinventionisusefulfbrfishkeepers.

B.WangYujieisinGradeTwoinWujiashanHighSchool.

C.ZhongJuncheng'shometownisinHubeiProvince.

D.ZhongJuncheng'sinventionhelpsalotinthebathroom.

5.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthattheinventingprogramintheschool

A.isagreatsuccessB.isfamousintheworldnow

C.hasbeenonfortwentyyearsD.helpstochangestudents5life

參考答案

跟蹤訓(xùn)練

【文章大意】文章介紹了倫敦的語(yǔ)言、文化和名勝古跡。

1.C【解析】句意：倫敦的人口是多少？根據(jù)London,thecapitaloftheUnitedKingdoniisthebiggestcityin

WesternEuropewithover7millionpeople.可知選Co

2.B【解析】句意：倫敦有多少博物館？根據(jù)OneimportantmuseumisBntishMuseum.和Therearetwomain

artmuseumsinLondon可知選

3.B【解析】句意:英國(guó)的皇室成員住在..。根據(jù)AnotherfamousLondonbuildingisBuckinghamPalace.

Themembersofroyal(皇家的)familyofEnglandlivethere.可知選Bo

4.D【解析】句意：哪個(gè)沒(méi)被提到？根據(jù)IIsitsbytheRiverThames.可知A提到了；Londonhasahistoryof

morethan2,()00years.可知B提到了；Londonhasmanywonderfulplacestovisit.Forexample,the

well-knownClockTower,a320-foot-hightower,wascalledtheBigBen.AnotherfamousLondonbuilding

isBuckinghamPalace.可知C提到了，故選Do

5.A【解析】句意：我們知道....o根據(jù)Morethan300differentlanguagesarespokeninLondon.可知選A。

B

［文章大意】文章主要講述了一個(gè)手勢(shì)在不同的國(guó)家有不同的意思。

1.B【解析】根據(jù)Mostwesternerswillsometimesshowthattheylikesomethingbyholdingoutaclosedhand

withthethumbliftingintheair.大部分西方人握拳并伸出大拇指是為了表達(dá)他們喜歡某物，故選B。

2.B【解析】根據(jù)Whenagladiatorwasgiventhethumbsup,theemperorallowedhimtolive.當(dāng)人們對(duì)一個(gè)角

斗士做出大拇指向上的手勢(shì)時(shí)，國(guó)王會(huì)讓他活下去。故選B。

3.A【解析】根據(jù)Ifpeoplewantedtosavethegladiator,theyputouttheirhandsandhidtheirthumbsintheir

hands.可知，如果人們想讓角斗士活下去時(shí)，他們伸出手來(lái)，將大拇指藏進(jìn)拳頭里。故選A。

4.A【解析】根據(jù)Differentgestures（手勢(shì)）meandifferentthingsindifferentcountries.可知A是正確的；

Sometimesagesturethatispoliteinonecountryisnotpoliteinanotherandshouldnotbeused.可知B不

對(duì)；Thetruthis,however,itwastranslatedintoawrongmeaningbymistake.可知C不對(duì)；文章只是介紹

了大拇指的相關(guān)手勢(shì)，沒(méi)有要求我們經(jīng)常使用大拇指，所以D不對(duì)；故選A。

5.D【解析】文章以大拇指的手勢(shì)為例，告訴我們一個(gè)手勢(shì)在不同的國(guó)家有不同的意思，故選D。

真題再現(xiàn)

A

【文章大意】本文主要介紹的是微信好友刪除的原因，主要介紹了三種原因，一個(gè)是發(fā)了太多無(wú)聊的

信息，使得對(duì)方比較厭煩；第二個(gè)原因是發(fā)了太多廣告；第三個(gè)原因是對(duì)方自己的原因，他不想讓別人看

到自己的微信動(dòng)態(tài)。

1.A【解析】推理判斷題。文中提到Y(jié)ouknow:peoplemayfeelboredafteransweringsuchkindsofquestions

timeaftertime.如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間回答許多無(wú)聊的問(wèn)題，人們會(huì)厭煩，故選A。

2.D【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。文中提到Ihatekquitemuch非常討厭這些，因?yàn)槭怯憛?，所以?yīng)該是不好的

東西，故選D,度品。

3.D【解析】推理判斷題。文中提到theydon'twanttheonetoseetheirMomentsonWeChat.不希望對(duì)方看

見自己微信上的動(dòng)態(tài)，也就不希望對(duì)方看自己的朋友圈，故選D。

4.C【解析】推理判斷題。文中主要介紹的是微信刪除好友的原因，分別在第三、四、五段，分別介紹的

是發(fā)太多無(wú)聊的信息、發(fā)廣告以及不想讓對(duì)方看見自己的朋友圈，故選C。

5.B【解析】主旨?xì)w納題。文中提到ifsomeonedeletesyouorblocksyouonit,doesitmeanyou'vemadehim

orherangry?Itdepends.如果你的微信好友刪除了你，是不是因?yàn)樯鷼饬四?？那可能視情況而定。而

后介紹了幾種刪除好友的原因。故選B。

【文章大意】本篇文章難度適中，主要向我們介紹了法國(guó)、日本和中國(guó)的高鐵。

1.A【解析】根據(jù)第二段中的ATGVtramoperatesatspeedupto300kmh中的upto300kmh指的是速度

快，故選A。

2.B【解析】根據(jù)第三段中的Thefirstcountrytohaveahigh-speedtrainisJapan可知,故選Bo

3.C【解析】根據(jù)第四段中的China'shigh-speedrailsystemalsoincludestheworld'slongestline,the2.298

kmBeijing-Guangzhouhigh-speedrailway可知,故選Co

4.B【解析】根據(jù)第四段中的Thetastesttrainsets,CRH380BL,reachedthehighesttestspeedof487.3km/h.以

及第三段第三句histrainoperatesatspeedupto210km/handcantravelbetweenTokyoandOsakain

justthreehours可知，CRH380BL速度為Bullettrain的兩倍多，故選Bo

5.D【解析】本篇文章主要向我們介紹法國(guó)、日本和中國(guó)的高鐵，故選D。

C

【文章大意】本文介紹了交通燈不同顏色信號(hào)所代表的意義。最開始時(shí)，以紅色作為停止，綠色作為

警告，白色作為通行。但是一列火車在晚上把星星誤認(rèn)為白色，因此發(fā)生了不好的事情，，最后將紅色作為

停止，綠色作為通行，黃色作為警告。

1.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)it9simporttoknowthatbeforetrafficlightsforcars*thereweretrafficsignals

fortrains.可知在汽車交通燈出現(xiàn)之前，交通信號(hào)燈是為火車設(shè)置的。故選A。

2.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)whitetomeango可知白色意味著可以通行，故選C。

3.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Thismostlikelystartedbecauseit'sthecolorwiththelongest

wavelength（波長(zhǎng)）soitcanbeseensomewherefartherthanothercolors."可知紅色波長(zhǎng)最長(zhǎng)，比其

他顏色能在更遠(yuǎn)的地方被看見，可以在更遠(yuǎn)的地方警告有危險(xiǎn)，故選B。

4.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)yellowcanbeseenwellatalltimesoftheday可知校車涂成黃色，是因?yàn)樵?/p>

一天的任何時(shí)候都可以看到黃色。故選C。

5.D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)Butwhywerethosecolorschosenfortrafficlightsinthefirstplace?可知主

要介紹信號(hào)燈為什么是紅、黃和綠色。故選D。

模擬檢測(cè)