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2009PartA

Text1

Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrains

onauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine."Not

choice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,"WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe

19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword"habit"carriesa

negativeconnotation.

Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextas

creativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenwe

consciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andeven

entirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,

innovativetracks.

Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedure

arewornintothehippocampus,they'retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabits

wedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypass

thoseoldroads.

"Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,"says

DawnaMarkova,authorof"TheOpenMind"andanexecutivechange

consultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners."Butwearetaughtinsteadto

'decide；justasourpresidentcallshimself'theDecider.'"Sheadds,however,

that"todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinker

isalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities."

Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware,shesays.

Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacity

toapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,

relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrain

shutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthat

haveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.

Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisand

procedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeand

collaborativemodesofthought."ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmerican

beliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,"explainsM.J.Ryan,authorof

the2006book"ThisYearIWill..."andMs.Markova'sbusinesspartner."That's

aliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhat

you'regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence."Thisiswhere

developingnewhabitscomesin.

21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing.

A.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable

22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe

A.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided

23."ruts"(inlineone,paragraph3)hasclosestmeaningto

A.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections

24.Ms.Markova'scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting

?

A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed

B,nolongeremphasizescommonness

C,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel

D,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem

25.Ryanmostprobablyagreethat

A.ideasarebornofarelaxingmind

B.innovativenesscouldbetaught

C.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas

D.curiosityactivatescreativeminds

Text2

Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthis

paternal(fatherly)wisdom-oratleastconfirmthathe'sthekid'sdad.Allhe

needstodoisshellour$30forpaternitytestingkit(PTK)athislocaldrugstore

-andanother$120togettheresults.

Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirst

becomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,

chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.

MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranging

inpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.

Amongthemostpopular:paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadopted

childrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamany

passionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchfora

family'sgeographicroots.

Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthand

sendingittothecompanyfortesting.Alltestsrequireapotentialcandidate

withwhomtocompareDNA.

Butsomeobserversareskeptical,"Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeing

hawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,"saysTreyDuster,

aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmany

ancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.Yetmost

ancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosome

inheritedthroughmeninafather'slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapassed

downonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonly

oneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsback

peoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14

othergreat-great-grandparents.

Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthe

referencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedby

somecompaniesdon'trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlump

togetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNA

databasemaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.In

addition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationships

maybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.

26.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK's.

[A]easyavailability

[B]flexibilityinpricing

[C]successfulpromotion

[D]popularitywithhouseholds

27.PTKisusedto.

[A]locateone'sbirthplace

[B]promotegeneticresearch

[C]identifyparent-childkinship

[D]choosechildrenforadoption

28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto.

[A]tracedistantancestors

[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines

[C]fullyusegeneticinformation

[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy

29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis

[A]disorganizeddatacollection

[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding

[C]excessivesamplecomparison

[D]lackofpatentevaluation

30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe.

[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting

[B]DNAtestingandIt'sproblems

[C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab

[D]liesbehindDNAtesting

Text3

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoor

countriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogress

inbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectual

developmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalview

thateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapid

economicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisit,

becauseneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethrough

themtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthree

generations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshown

thatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigher

productivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.

Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessingandJapanatitspre-bubble

peak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimary

causeofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,the

globalleaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.Yettheresearchrevealed

thattheU.S.factoriesofHondaNissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percent

oftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts-aresultofthetrainingthat

U.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexamininghousingconstruction,theresearchers

discoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,

Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethe

complexityofthebuildingindustry'swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomic

development?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotes

thedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon'tforceit.Afterall,

that'showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersand

gatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn'thavetimetowondermuchabout

anythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodina

moreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotential,theycouldin

turnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationis

probablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpolitical

systemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountries

mightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthat

maybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,

however,doesn'tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforceto

substantiallyimproveproductivityfortheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,

constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn'tdeveloping

morequicklytherethanitis.

31.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportantofeducationinpoor

countries.

[A]issubjectgroundlessdoubts

[B]hasfallenvictimofbias

[C]isconventionaldowngraded

[D]hasbeenoverestimated

32.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem

[A]challengeseconomistsandpoliticians

[B]takeseffortsofgenerations

[C]demandspriorityfromthegovernment

[D]requiressufficientlaborforce

33.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.Sworkforcesisthat

[A]theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

[B]theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

[C]theU.Sworkforcehasabettereducation

[D]theU.Sworkforceismoreorganize

34.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducation

emerged.

[A]whenpeoplehadenoughtime

[B]priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

[C]whenpeopleonlongerwenthung

[D]asaresultofpressureongovernment

35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation.

[A]resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

[B]doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

[C]followsimprovedproductivity

[D]cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

Text4

Themostthoroughlystudiedinthehistoryofthenewworldarethe

ministersandpoliticalleadersofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland.According

tothestandardhistoryofAmericanphilosophy,nowhereelseincolonial

Americawas"Somuchimportantattachedtointellectualpursuits"According

tomanybooksandarticles,NewEngland'sleadersestablishedthebasic

themesandpreoccupationsofanunfolding,dominantPuritantraditionin

Americanintellectuallife.

TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeantostartwith

thePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthe

church-importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.Butinkeepingwithour

examinationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritans

ascarriersofEuropeancultureadjustingtoNewworldcircumstances.The

NewEnglandcolonieswerethescenesofimportantepisodesinthepursuitof

widelyunderstoodidealsofcivilityandvirtuosity.

TheearlysettlersofMassachusettsBayincludedmenofimpressive

educationandinfluenceinEngland.'Besidestheninetyorsolearned

ministerswhocametoMassachusettschurchinthedecadeafter1629,There

werepoliticalleaderslikeJohnWinthrop,aneducatedgentleman,lawyer,and

officialoftheCrownbeforehejourneyedtoBoston.Theremenwroteand

publishedextensively,reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences,

andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualearnestness.

Weshouldnotforget,however,thatmostNewEnglanderswerelesswell

educated.Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,letalonedependentsandservants,

leftliterarycompositionstobeanalyzed,Theinthinkingoftenhadatraditional

superstitionsquality.AtailornamedJohnDane,whoemigratedinthelate

1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsforleavingEnglandthatisfilledwith

signs,sexualconfusion,economicfrustrations,andreligioushope-allname

togetherinadecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthe

firstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:"comeout

fromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIwillbeyourGodandyou

shallbemypeople."OnewonderswhatDanethoughtofthecarefulsermons

explainingtheBiblethatheheardinpuritanchurched.

Meanwhile,manysettleshadslighterreligiouscommitmentsthanDane's,

asoneclergymanlearnedinconfrontingfolkalongthecoastwhomockedthat

theyhadnotcometotheNewworldforreligion."Ourmainendwastocatch

fish."

36.Theauthornotesthatintheseventeenth-centuryNew

England.

[A]Puritantraditiondominatedpoliticallife.

[B]intellectualinterestswereencouraged.

[C]Politicsbenefitedmuchfromintellectualendeavors.

[D]intellectualpursuitsenjoyedaliberalenvironment.

37.Itissuggestedinparagraph2thatNewEnglanders.

[A]experiencedacomparativelypeacefulearlyhistory.

[B]broughtwiththemthecultureoftheOldWorld

[C]paidlittleattentiontosouthernintellectuallife

[D]wereobsessedwithreligiousinnovations

38.TheearlyministersandpoliticalleadersinMassachusetts

Bay.

[A]werefamousintheNewWorldfortheirwritings

[B]gainedincreasingimportanceinreligiousaffairs

[C]abandonedhighpositionsbeforecomingtotheNewWorld

[D]createdanewintellectualatmosphereinNewEngland

39.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNewEnglanders

wereoften.

[A]influencedbysuperstitions

[B]troubledwithreligiousbeliefs

[C]puzzledbychurchsermons

[D]frustratedwithfamilyearnings

40.ThetextsuggeststhatearlysettlersinNewEngland.

[A]weremostlyengagedinpoliticalactivities

[B]weremotivatedbyanillusoryprospect

[C]camefromdifferentbackgrounds.

[D]leftfewformalrecordsforlaterreference

2008PartA

Text1

Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,women

appeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory."Womenare

particularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersin

responsetostresscomparedtomen,"accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chief

psychiatristatNewYork'sVeteran'sAdministrationHospital.

Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormones

somehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproduce

moreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.In

severalofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(the

femalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequal

tothoseofthemales.

Addingtoawoman'sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areher

increased"opportunities"forstress.l,lt'snotnecessarilythatwomendon'tcope

aswell.It'sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith,"saysDr.Yehuda.

“Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen's,"she

observes,'It'sjustthatthey'redealingwithsomanymorethingsthatthey

becomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner."

Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes."Ithinkthatthe

kindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicor

repeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.Menare

exposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.Thekindsofinterpersonal

violencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,

unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobe

one-shotdeals.Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationships

canbequitedevastating."

AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdetermined

tofinishcollege."Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.Iwaslivinginso

muchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadand

dobetter."Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.'It'sthe

hardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecar

payment,andpaythedebt.Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck."

NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarez

describes.Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfew

breaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez'sexperiencedemonstratesthe

importanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthand

yourabilitytofunction.

21.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

[A]Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

[B]Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

[C]Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

[D]Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

22.Dr.Yehuda'sresearchsuggeststhatwomen

[A]needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

[B]havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

[C]aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

[D]areexposedtomorestress.

23.AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe

[A]domesticandtemporary.

[B]irregularandviolent.

[C]durableandfrequent.

[D]trivialandrandom.

24.Thesentence"Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck."(Line6,Para.5)shows

that

[A]Alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

[B]Alvarez'ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

[C]Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

[D]Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]StrainofStress:NoWayOut?

[B]ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference

[C]StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay

[D]GenderInequality:WomenUnderStress

Text2

Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherin

thelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournal

editorwouldthenremovetheauthors'namesandaffiliationsfromthepaper

andsendittotheirpeersforreview.Dependingonthecommentsreceived,the

editorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrested

withthejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresults

wouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.

Nolonger.TheInternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoare

questioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfrom

government-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccessto

scientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationand

Development(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reaching

consequencesofthis.Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityin

AustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingfor

publisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.Butitgoesfurtherthan

that.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientific

endeavor.

Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentin

researchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbig

business.InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedat

between$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,

TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000

publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.Theypublishmorethan

1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.

Thisisnowchanging.AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%of

scholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;

threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport'sauthors.Thereistheso-called

bigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonline

journaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.Thereisopen-access

publishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayfor

thepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,where

organizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupport

institutionalrepositories.Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,

suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreada

paperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewho

wishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-review

process,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

26.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses

[A]thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.

[B]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.

[C]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.

[D]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.

27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?

[A]Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.

[B]Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.

[C]Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.

[D]Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.

28.Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat

[A]itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.

[B]itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.

[C]itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.

[D]itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.

29.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequired

to

[A]coverthecostofitspublication.

[B]subscribetothejournalpublishingit.

[C]allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.

[D]completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.

30.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthetext?

[A]TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.

[B]Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.

[C]Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.

[D]Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice.

Text3

Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersinthe

NationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehad

playedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodies

playingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,

andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthe

growingnumbersofbigger,longerframes.

Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:

Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinches

tallernowthan140yearsago,today'speople-especiallythosebornto

familieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations-apparentlyreached

theirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren'tlikelytogetanytaller."Inthe

generalpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,we'vepretty

muchgoneasfaraswecango,“saysanthropologistWilliamCameron

ChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincrease

inheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruiting

playersfromallovertheworld.

Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscalories

andnutrients-notably,protein-tofeedexpandingtissues.Atthestartofthe

20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butas

dietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,

increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apattern

knownastheseculartrendinheight.YetaccordingtotheCentersforDisease

ControlandPrevention,averageheight-5'9"formen,5'4"forwomen-hasn't

reallychangedsince1960.

Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight.

Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirth

canal.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,

ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasily

withstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs."Therearesomereal

constraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism,"

saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.

Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon'texpectthistohappensoon.

ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,

Mass.,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruits

withoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthof

militaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime.Andifyouneedtopredict

humanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsays

thatbyandlarge,"youcouldusetoday'sdataandfeelfairlyconfident."

31.WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampleto

[A]illustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.

[B]showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S..

[C]comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers.

[D]assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers.

32.Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothe

text?

[A]Geneticmodification.

[B]Naturalenvironment.

[C]Livingstandards.

[D]Dailyexercise.

33.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldt