高三英語學(xué)法指導(dǎo)與基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練(一)

高三英語學(xué)法指導(dǎo)與基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練（一）

一、談?wù)勯喿x理解

閱讀是高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。閱讀理解在高考試卷中占分40分，如果加上完型填空題（有人

稱之為缺詞閱讀）30分，那就是70分，占了將近總分的一半。高考之所以重視閱讀理解，是因

為閱讀是一種比較高級(jí)的語言能力，它是獲取更綜合、更復(fù)雜、更精確信息的必要手段。閱讀能

力也是做好其他題型，如聽力、單項(xiàng)填空、短文改錯(cuò)和書面表達(dá)的基本因素。閱讀理解的考核是

在語篇中進(jìn)行的，也易于考查觀察、判斷、推理與綜合的能力。

閱讀理解題一般考五篇文章，包括故事、科普文章、新聞報(bào)道、議論文和應(yīng)用文（如廣告、

產(chǎn)品說明、電報(bào)等）o五篇文章加上所問問題，總單詞量在2000個(gè)左右，要求在35分鐘內(nèi)完成。

閱讀速度平均為每分鐘60個(gè)詞。

做好閱讀理解題的必備條件：

1、能迅速看準(zhǔn)每一句的結(jié)構(gòu)，找出主句的主語、謂語和賓語。

2、有一定的詞匯量和分辨詞義詞性的能力。

3、能靈活運(yùn)動(dòng)所學(xué)過的語法和詞匯知識(shí)，對(duì)影響意思理解的復(fù)合句、非謂語動(dòng)詞短語、關(guān)

聯(lián)詞語、后置定語、省略、替代和跳躍等語言現(xiàn)象做出正確判斷。

4、有良好的思維能力。會(huì)邊看邊加工所得到的信息，從而做出正確的推理判斷，綜合概括，

準(zhǔn)確理解表面意思和深層含義。

5、會(huì)精讀，也會(huì)跳讀和略讀。

6、具有相當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)和良好的語感。

7、對(duì)英美文化有一定了解。

在準(zhǔn)備閱讀理解測(cè)試時(shí)，要明確閱讀的能力是靠大量閱讀的實(shí)踐練出來的。有志于提高閱讀

水平的同學(xué)，應(yīng)該每天堅(jiān)持讀三四篇文章，日積月累，才能逐步提高閱讀水平。讀的時(shí)候要注意

精讀與泛讀相結(jié)合。精讀的文章力求弄懂每一句話，每一個(gè)詞，必要時(shí)要請(qǐng)教老師，翻查詞典。

泛讀的文章，一般是難度較小的文章，只求理解文章大意，有些詞甚至句子不懂也沒關(guān)系，盡量

不查詞典，這樣可以保證一定的速度和量。泛讀對(duì)培養(yǎng)語感，提高速度有很大好處?？上в型瑢W(xué)

不重視泛讀，以為閱讀就是逐字讀，這其實(shí)是片面的。

二、練習(xí)與解析

In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whenthe

explores（探險(xiǎn)者）landedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.

Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothe“moonpeople”theymet.Inturn,the“moonpeople"expressed

theirsurprise.“Why,"theyasked,“areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon'tevenuseyourinner

space?H

H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969.humanbeingsreallydidlandonthe

moon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthat

the“moonpeople**askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriously

thinkingaboutit.

Undergroundsystemsarealreadyinplace.Manycitieshaveundergroundcarparks.Insome

cities,suchasTokyo,SeoulandMontreal,therearelargeundergroundshoppingareas.The

HChunner\atunnel（隧道）connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.

Butwhataboutundergroundcities?Japan*sTaiseiCorporationisdesigninganetworkof

undergroundsystems,called“AliceCities."Thedesignersimagineusingsurfacespaceforpublicparks

andusingundergroundspaceforflats,offices,shopping,andsoon.Asolardome(太陽能穹頂)would

coverthewholecity.

Supportersofundergrounddevelopmentsaythatbuildingdownratherthanbuildingupisagood

waytousetheearth*sspace.Thesurface,theysay,canbeusedforfarms,parks,gardens,and

wilderness.H.G.Wells,umoonpeople"wouldagree.Wouldyou?

1.TheexplorersinH.G.Wells^toryweresurprisedtofindthatthe“moonpeople”

A.knewsomuchabouttheearth

B.understoodtheirlanguage

C.liveinsomanyundergroundcities

D.wereaheadoftheminspacetechnology

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"(Paragraph2)referto?

A.Discoveringthemoon'sinnerspace.

B.UsingtheearthJsinnerspace.

C.Meetingthe“moonpeople”again.

D.Travelingtoouterspace.

3.Whatsortofundergroundsystemsarealreadyherewithus?

A.Offices,shoppingareas,powerstations.

B.Tunnels,carparks,shoppingareas.

C.Gardens,carparks,powerstations.

D.Tunnels,gardens,offices.

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AliceCities-citiesofthefuture

B.SpacetravelwithH.G.Wells

C.Enjoylivingunderground

D.Buildingdown,notup

l.C2.B3.B4.D

1.解答本題時(shí)，可從開頭段中theexplorers登上月球后的發(fā)現(xiàn)找出線索:.theydiscovered

thatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities,也就是本題題干與選項(xiàng)C結(jié)合而成的說法：The

explorers...tofindthattheMmoonpeople”livedinsomanyundergroundcities?

2.注意此句重心在后，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是：…youdon'tevenuseyourinnerspace,也即選項(xiàng)B所說

的Usingtheearth'sinnerspaceo

3.通過跳讀迅速將探索范圍縮小到第3段其主題句即為Undergroundsystemsarealreadyin

place,然后列出這些systems的名稱：carparks,largeundergroundshoppingareas,atunnelo

4.短文開頭explorers與moonpeople之間的對(duì)話中即已點(diǎn)明useinnerspace,也就是build

down這一主題；結(jié)尾段中則更為明確地將全文主題(undergrounddevelopment)解釋為building

downratherthanbuildingupisagoodwaytousetheearthsspace,,由此可以確定本題答案為Do

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LONDON(Reuters)—Organicfruit,deliveredrighttothedoorstep.ThatiswhatGabrielGold

prefers,andheiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossible,the26-year-oldcomputertechnicianwill

spendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.

“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,nGoldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(農(nóng)藥),andyouare

generallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally(本地)

grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty."Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintothe

organictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheir

organicfoodbusiness.Buthowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregetting,andwhyarethey

willingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce?MarketresearchshowsthatGoldandotherswhobuy

organicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganic

foodisfarfromcomplete.Forexample,smallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproducts.

AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimported（進(jìn)口）tomeetgrowing

demand."Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyear,soitisaveryfast

growingmarket,nsaidSueFlock,aspecialistinthislineofbusiness.

1.MoreandmorepeopleinBritainarebuyingorganicfoodbecause.

A.theyaregettingricher

B.theycangetthefoodanywhere

C.theyconsiderthefoodfreeofpollution

D.theylikehome-grownfruit

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruetothefactsaboutmostorganicproducesold

inBritain?

A.Itgrowsindoorsallyearround.

B.ItisproducedoutsideBritain.

C.Itisgrownonfamilyfarms.

D.Itisproducedonlargefarms.

3.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?

A.growinginterestinorganicfood

B.betterqualityoforganicfood

C.risingmarketfororganicfood

D.higherpricesoforganicfood

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthisnewsstory?

A.Organicfood—healthy,orjustforthewealthy?

B.ThemakingoforganicfoodinBritain

C.Organicfood—toimportornot?

D.Goodqualitiesoforganicfood

l.C2.B3.A4.A

1.Gold的話代表了英國消費(fèi)者的認(rèn)識(shí)，"…Thefoodisfreeofpesticides…”也就是：ihey

considerthefoodfreeofpollution.

2.短文中與MostorganicproducesoldinBritain產(chǎn)地相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，排除干擾選項(xiàng)，選定最佳

答案。

3.本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中均包含organicfood(與主題相關(guān)，錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)因而會(huì)構(gòu)成干擾)，但從所

在句看，buyingintotheorganictrend的主語是(agrowingnumberof)shoppers,越來越多的人開始

購買這種食品，當(dāng)然意味著(theshoppers)haveshownagrowinginterestinorganicfood?選項(xiàng)A表

達(dá)的正是這樣一種形勢(shì)，應(yīng)為最佳答案。

4.Organicfood-healthy(雖與人們所知有些出入，但大體如此)；orjustforthewealthy?

短文中有shoppersarewillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproduce,與此相符。

(3)

THEATRE

CityVarieties

TheHeadrow,Leeds.Tel.430808

Oct10-11onlyAnightattheVarieties.AllthefunofanoldmusichallwithBarryGryer,

DuggleBrown,6dancers,Mystina,JonBarker,AnneDuvalandtheTonyHarrisonTrio.Laughagain

attheoldjokesandlistentoyourfavouritesongs.

Performances:8pmnightly.

Admission:￡5；under16orover60:￡4.

YorkTheatreRoyal

StLeonard'sPlace,York.TeL223568

Sept23-Oct17GropingforWords-acomedybySueTownsend.Bestknownforher

AdrianMoleDiaries,Townsendnowwritesaboutaneveningclasswhichtwomenandawoman

attend.Agentlecomedy.

Admission:Firstnight,Mon:￡2；Tues-Fri:￡3.25-5.50；Sat:￡3.50-5.75

HalifaxPlayhouse

KingsCrossStreet,Halifax.Tel365998

Oct10-17OnGoldenPondbyErnestThompson.Thisisamagicalcomedyaboutrealpeople.

Abeautifullyproduced,well-actedplayforeveryone.Don'tmissit.

Performances:7:30pm.

Admission:￡2.Mon:2seatsforthepriceofone.

GrandTheatre

OxfordStreet,Leeds.Tel.502116

RestaurantandCafe.

Oct1-17TheSecretDiaryofAdrianMole,Aged13.SueTownsend'smusicalplay,basedon

herbest-sellingbook.

Performances:Evenings7:45.October10-17,at2:30pm.NoMondayperformances.

Admission:Tues-Thurs:￡2-5；Fri&Sat:￡2-6.

1.Whichtheatreoffersthecheapestseat?

A.HalifaxPlayhouse.B.CityVarieties.

C.GrandTheatre.D.YorkTheatreRoyal.

2.Ifyouwanttoseeaplaywitholdjokesandsongs,whichphonenumberwillyouringtobooka

seat?

A.502116B.223568C.365998D.430808

3.WemaylearnfromthetextthatSueTownsendis.

A.awriterB.anactressC.amusicianD.adirector

1.A2.D3.A

1.此處問及票價(jià)，涉及的關(guān)鍵詞Admission很可能是生詞，但完全可以憑借該詞之后的￡5；

under16orover60：￡4等內(nèi)容推斷其含義為入場(chǎng)票價(jià)。HalifaxPlayhouse為:￡2.Mon：2seats

forthepriceofone,應(yīng)為最低價(jià)格。

2.通過跳讀可以很快找到，本段開頭第二行有：TeL403808；本題答案已明，應(yīng)該選Do

3.SureTownsend首先出現(xiàn)在第二段里:acomedybySueTownsend....Townsendnowwrites

about...;這一人名還出現(xiàn)在最后一段里：SureTownsend'smusicalplay,basedonherbest-selling

booko這樣一些關(guān)于上演劇目的背景交待足以說明SueTownsend的身份，應(yīng)該是writer。

高三英語學(xué)法指導(dǎo)與基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練（二）

如何解答閱讀理解中的問題

在準(zhǔn)備閱讀理解測(cè)試時(shí)，要對(duì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行總結(jié)。高考中的閱讀理解問題，主要涉及

文章中的知識(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，概括中心意思，猜測(cè)陌生詞語的意思和推理判斷。測(cè)試問題方式采用多項(xiàng)選

擇題型，每題給出四個(gè)備選答案，要求從中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。例如：

考查主題思想或段落大意

Thestorymainlytellsus.

Thebesttitleofthispassageshouldbe.

推理判斷測(cè)試題

Wecaninferfromthepassage.

Wecanconcludefromthepassage.

應(yīng)對(duì)閱讀理解測(cè)試時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)

1.如有的文章帶標(biāo)題，應(yīng)仔細(xì)看標(biāo)題。標(biāo)題是文章主題的高度概括，它可以給我們一些啟

示和線索。

2.先快速瀏覽一下全文，大概了解一下這是記敘文還是科普文章，中文注釋的單詞是什么

意思，這一步要快。

3.仔細(xì)看原文，凡人物與數(shù)字或地名可用筆作個(gè)記號(hào)，沒弄明白的地方也可劃個(gè)線，以便

看完全文再重讀。讀時(shí)要注意弄明白句子的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)在大腦中加工所得到的信息。

4.看完文章，即可做題。要注意四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都看看，不要只看了一兩個(gè)就作出判斷。對(duì)有把

握的題在做完判斷后就不要折回原文核對(duì)了。但對(duì)沒有把握的題則應(yīng)把相關(guān)的句或段重看一次。

5.判斷詞義詞性時(shí)要注意結(jié)合上下文。人家考的是在特定的環(huán)境下的意思。

6.概括中心意思時(shí)，要注意不可離題太遠(yuǎn)，太籠統(tǒng)，但也不要只概括一段或幾句的意思。

段落大意一般常與該段首句或尾句有關(guān)。

7.問及對(duì)某個(gè)問題的看法與態(tài)度，要記住是在問作者態(tài)度，而不是問你作為中國學(xué)生的想

法。

8.考查文章細(xì)節(jié)的問題一定要在原文中找到出處。

9.如時(shí)間夠，還應(yīng)復(fù)讀全文，核對(duì)各題答案，完成未定之題。要注意各題的答案要邏輯一

致，不能自相矛盾。

練習(xí)與解析

（1）

Treasurehunts（尋寶）haveexcitedpeople'simaginationforhundredsofyearsbothinreallifeand

inbookssuchasRobertLouisStevenson'sTreasureIsland.KitWilliams,amodernwriter,hadthe

ideaofcombiningtherealexcitementofatreasurehuntwithclues（線索）foundinabookwhenhe

wroteachildren'sstory,Masquerade,in1979.Thebookwasaboutahare,andamonthbeforeitcame

outWilliamsburiedagoldhareinaparkinBedfordshire.Thebookcontainedalargenumberofclues

tohelpreadersfindthehare,butWilliamsputinalotof“redherrings”，orfalseclues,tomisleadthem.

KenRoberts,themanwhofoundthehare,hadbeenlookingforitfornearlytwoyears.Although

hehadbeensearchinginthewrongareamostofthetime,hefounditbylogic

（邏輯），notbyluck.Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedanimportantclueatthestart.

Hehadrealizedthatthewords:"OneofSixtoEight”underthefirstpictureinthebookconnectedthe

hareinsomewaytoKatherineofAragon,thefirstofHenryVllfssixwives.Evenhere,however,

Williamshadsucceededinmisleadinghim.KenknewthatKatherineofAragonhaddiedatKimbolton

inCambridgeshirein1536andthoughtthatWilliamshadburiedtheharethere.Hehadbeendigging

thereforoverayearbeforeanewideaoccurredtohim.HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthis

childhoodnearAmpthill,inBedforshire,andthoughtthathemusthaveburiedthehareinaplacehe

knewwell,buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecame

acrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1772.

Eventhenhissearchhadnotcometoanend.Itwasonlyafterhehadspentseveralnightsdigging

aroundthecrossthathedecidedtowritetoKitWilliamstofindoutifhewaswastinghistimethere.

Williamsencouragedhimtocontinue,andonFebruary24th1982,hefoundthetreasure.Itwasworth

￡；3000inthebeginning,buttheexcitementithadcausedsinceitsburialmadeitmuchmorevaluable.

1.Theunderlinedword“them”(paragraph1)refersto.

A.redherringsB.treasurehunts

C.HenryVllfssixwivesD.readersofMasquerade

2.WhatisthemostimportantclueinthestorytohelpKenRobertsfindthehare?

A.TwostonecrossesinAmpthill.B.Stevenson'sTreasureIsland.

C.KatherineofAragon.D.Williams1hometown.

3.ThestonecrossesinAmpthillwerebuilt.

A.totellaboutwhathappenedin1773

B.toshowrespectfbrHenryVIII'sfirstwife

C.toserveasaroadsigninAmpthillPark

D.toinformpeoplewherethegoldharewas

4.WhichofthefollowingdescribesRoberts5logicinsearchingforthehare?

a.HenryVIITssixwives

b.Katherine'sburialplaceatKimbolton

c.Williams*childhoodinAmpthill

d.KatherineofAragon

e.stonecrossesinAmpthillPark

A.a-b-c-d-eB.d-b-c-e-aC.a-d-b-c-eD.b-a-e-c-d

5.Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?

A.Anexcitinghistoricalevent.B.Amoderntreasurehunt.

C.TheattractionofMasquerade.D.Theimportanceoflogicalthinking.

l.D最重要的線索為them之前的動(dòng)詞mislead,由其語義可以斷定，其后為“人”而非“物”，

答案為readers(of...)

2.C循序查找另外三個(gè)與故事相關(guān)的線索，體會(huì)本文作者描述幸運(yùn)讀者KenRoberts尋寶過

程時(shí)的語氣變化:其中,第二段第3句為Hissuccesscamefromthefactthathehadgainedan

importantclueatthestart…而后聯(lián)系至『'OneofSixtoEight"也就是KatherineofAragono

3.BInherhonor是回答本題的關(guān)鍵信息，指的就是toshowrespectforHenryVllfsfirstwife

4.C首先比較A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中排序的異同，確認(rèn)開頭兩項(xiàng)為ab,db,還是ba。從

短文中確認(rèn)a在前；縮小范圍看第二步，比較b,d,應(yīng)該是d；至此答案已明：a-d...

5.B通觀全文，開頭點(diǎn)題后，通篇在談作家KitWVliams為其作品Masquerade設(shè)計(jì)了一項(xiàng)

尋寶的活動(dòng)，讀者KenRoberts如何追根溯源，獲得成功。

(2)

Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'lhavetobeahassle；itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBeth

Anaclerio,anEvasionmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.

“Havingapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents,and

oftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn'thavetobethatway,“

saidAnaclerio.Lastsummer,AnaclerioandherfriendJillCarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa

2-year-old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled“APartyinaBasket75Theirgoalistohelp

parentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,likechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,

whiletheytakecareofeverything.

Drawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated（制作）10ready-to-use,homeparty

packages.Everythingafamilyneedstoplanaparty,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliveredtothe

homeinalargebasket.

“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,"Anacleriosaid,“andihey'reveryinteractive（互動(dòng)）

andcreativeinthattheybuildasenseofdramabasedonasubject.Forexample,attheSodaShoppe

partytheguestsbecomewaitersandwaitressesandbuildwonderfulicecreamcreations.M

Thestandard$200packageforeightchildrenincludesabasketfilledwithinvitations,gifts,

gamesandprizes,papergoods,apartyplannerandthelike.Formoreinformation,callAnaclerioat

708-864-6584orCarlisleat708-205-9141.

1.Themainpurposeofwritingthistextis.

A.toshareinformationaboutpartyplanning

B.tointroducethejoysofabirthdayparty

C.toannounceabusinessplan

D.tosellaservice

2.Themostimportantideabehindthekindofpartyplanningdescribedhereisthat.

A.itbringsparentsandchildrenclosertogether

B.guestsplayapartinthepreparationofaparty

C.parentsaresparedthetroubleofsendinginvitations

D.itprovidesasubjectofconversation

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”（paragraph1）probablymean?

A.apartydesignedbyspecialists

B.aplanrequiringcarefulthought

C.asituationcausingdifficultyoftrouble

D.ademandmadebyguests

l.D本題考查考生對(duì)作者寫作意圖的理解與判斷能力。具體為對(duì)所讀材料體裁的把握。短文

中有多處線索可以提示，尤其在結(jié)尾段里：Thestandard$200package（可謂“套餐’）for...

includes...Formoreinformation,call...at…既有服務(wù)內(nèi)容,又有價(jià)格、聯(lián)系電話,這樣的口吻顯

然是在sellaservice

（選項(xiàng)D）。

2.ATheirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,...；share在

此意為tohave（fun）togethero因此本項(xiàng)partyplanning服務(wù)的最重要意義在于bringparentsand

childrenclosertogethero

3.C開頭也有havingapartyathome通常給人帶來的辛苦:usuallyrequiresalotofrunning...

兩下形成對(duì)照。hassle即為通常人們?cè)谂e辦party時(shí)會(huì)遇上的情況，也就是asituationcausing

difficultyortroubleo

高三英語學(xué)法指導(dǎo)與語法難點(diǎn)（六）

一、單項(xiàng)填空題的復(fù)習(xí)與應(yīng)試

英語的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)主要是詞匯和語法知識(shí)。英語高考的各個(gè)題型都滲透著對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的檢測(cè)，單

項(xiàng)填空是較為集中考查如何運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的題型之一。用考試大綱上的話來說就是”測(cè)試考生對(duì)

英語語法、詞匯知識(shí)和簡(jiǎn)單表達(dá)形式的掌握情況”。簡(jiǎn)單表達(dá)形式要表達(dá)的內(nèi)涵非常豐富，不僅

可考查習(xí)語，還可考查如省略、口語中的交際用語等，這就突出了對(duì)語言的交際能力的考查。

高考的單項(xiàng)填空共15個(gè)題，計(jì)15分。考察的四項(xiàng)要點(diǎn)是語法知識(shí)，詞語辨析，口語交際和

慣用法。一個(gè)小題考查多項(xiàng)知識(shí)是很普遍的現(xiàn)象，而且有的題還設(shè)兩空。高考單選以涉及動(dòng)詞的

題為主，辨析題常是短語動(dòng)詞的辨析。每年的題雖以基礎(chǔ)題為多數(shù)，但總有個(gè)別怪題出現(xiàn)。做好

單選題的關(guān)鍵是仔細(xì)看題干，不要只讀帶空格的那一句。要瞻前顧后，上掛下連，首尾呼應(yīng)。含

兩個(gè)空的題，先確定有把握的那一個(gè)。要根據(jù)平時(shí)做題經(jīng)驗(yàn)，努力找出命題的意圖。審題時(shí)要注

意情感分析，交際原則，不可死扣語法規(guī)則。

總復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)適量練習(xí)單選是對(duì)的，因?yàn)閱芜x練好了對(duì)完型也有好處。但不可花過多時(shí)間。要以

練中低檔題為主，偏難偏怪的題可不做，更不要仔細(xì)鉆研，因?yàn)橛械念}是無理可講的。要以記憶

句型為主，背句型好處甚多。同時(shí)努力記住錯(cuò)題，力爭(zhēng)不讓同一塊石頭第二次絆倒。平時(shí)練好動(dòng)

詞填空和提高觀察分析能力也是意義重大的。

二、語法知識(shí)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1.注意以下幾組詞組的區(qū)別。

1)forgettodo,forgetdoing

Don'tforgettoclosethedoorbeforeyouleave.

2)remembertodo,rememberdoing

Remembertohandinyourhomeworkafteryougettoschool.

3)regrettodo,regretdoing

Iregrettedtellinghimthenews.

4)meantodo,meandoing

Difficulthomeworkmeansstayinguplate.

5)stoptodo,stopdoing

Hestoppedreadingandtookarest.

6)trytodo,trydoing

Hetriedtohelpme,butfailed.

誤:Iregrettellingyouthatyouarefired.

正:Iregrettotellyouthatyouarefired.

2.todo和doing做主語的區(qū)別。

doing表抽象和泛指的動(dòng)作。

todo表具體的一次性行為。

Swimmingismyhobby.

3.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞。

when,whenever,as,while,before,after,assoonas,till,until,eversince,immediately,once,the

moment,thesecond,theinstant,directly.

誤:Iwilltellhimthenewswhenimmediatelyhecomes.

正:Iwilltellhimthenewsimmediatelyhecomes.

4.引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞。

where,wherever。如：

Wherethereiswater,thereislife.

5.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞。

because,as,since,nowthat,foro如：

Ididn*tgotoschool,forIwasill.

SinceIwasill,Ididn'tgotoschool.

AsIwasill,Ididn'tgotoschool.

Ididn*tgotoschoolbecauseIwasill.

Nowthatyouhavefinishedthework,youarefreetodowhatyoulike.

6.引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞。

sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase

誤:Heexplainedagainandagainforfearthatshemisunderstandshim.

正:Heexplainedagainandagainforfearthatsheshouldmisunderstandhim.

7.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞。

sothat,so...that...,such...that...

誤：Igotupearly,sothatIcouldcatchthebus.

IE:Igotupearly,sothatIcaughtthebus.

誤：ThereYesuchmanypeoplethatIcannotmove.

正:ThereYesomanypeoplethatIcannotmove.

8.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞。

if,unless,aslongas,solongas,incase

Aslongasyouhelpme,Iwillhelpyou.

誤：Iwon'tgothereifI'minvited.

正：Iwon'tgothereunlessI'minvited.

9.引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞。

as...as,notso/as...as,than

誤:I'mastallerasheis.

正:I'mastallasheis.

10.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞。

though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whoever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,

however,nomatterwho(what,which,when,where,how),whether.

誤:Young/Childalthoughheis,heknowsalot.

正：Young/Childthough/asheis,heknowsalot.

誤:Don'tbelievenomatterwhathesays.

正:Don'tbelievewhateverhesays.

11.主語從句。

1）主語從句做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)。

Whoeverfounditshouldreturnittotheowner.

2）主語從句中的連詞that不可省。

3）如果主語從句比較長，可以用it做形式主語。

Itmakeshersadthatherhairturnsgray.

誤：Hewillcomeiscertain.

正：Thathewillcomeiscertain.

12.引導(dǎo)同位語從句的名詞和連詞。

名詞有fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,order,problem,belief,doubt,

fear等。連詞有that,whether,并且that不可省。

注意以下兩個(gè)句子。

Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing.（同位語從句）

Thequestionheaskedmewaspuzzling.（定語從句）

誤:Thenewshewonthegamemadeushappy.

正:Thenewsthathewonthegamemadeushappy.

13.主謂一致需注意以下方面。

1）Ateacherandwriteriswaitingforyououtside.

2）Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoeducation.（類似的還有：eachboyand

eachgirl,noboyandnogirl,manyaboyandmanyagirl）

3）由以下幾個(gè)連詞連接兩個(gè)主語謂語動(dòng)詞看前面的主語。這些連詞有：aswellas,nolessthan,

ratherthan,morethan,but,except,besides,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,including,inaddition

to等。

TomaswellashisclassmatesisgoingtovisittheForbiddenCitytomorrow.

4）成雙的名詞前有apairof來修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。否則用復(fù)數(shù)。

Mytrousersareonthechair.

Apairoftrousersisonthechair.

5）%,分?jǐn)?shù)，half,therest后面的謂語動(dòng)詞符合就近一致原則。

10%ofthestudentsarehard-working.

6）表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞或短語做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

1milliondollarsisalargesumofmoney.

7）力口、減、乘、除運(yùn)算做主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Tenplustenistwenty.

8）集合名詞如：family,team,crowd,class,audience,population,class等做主語，如果指整體，

用單數(shù)；如果指整體中的每個(gè)人，用復(fù)數(shù)。

9）oneandahalf后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

Oneandahalforangesisonthetable.

10）以下情況符合就近一致原則。如：therebe,either...or...,or,neither...nor...,whether...or...,

notonly...butalso...,not...but...

Thereisapenandtwopencilsinhispencil-box.

Therearetwopencilsandapeninhispencil-box.

誤:TheclassiswatchingTVnow.

正:TheclassarewatchingTVnow.

誤：Nothisteacherbuthisparentsiswaitingoutside.

正：Nothisteacherbuthisparentsarewaitingoutside.

高三英語學(xué)法指導(dǎo)與語法難點(diǎn)（七）

一、完型填空題的幾點(diǎn)說明

完型填空是許多同學(xué)感到困惑的一個(gè)題型，其實(shí)明確了它的特點(diǎn)并認(rèn)真訓(xùn)練是完全可以攻克

這一難關(guān)的。

完型填空是外語學(xué)習(xí)中一種綜合練習(xí)或測(cè)試形式。在近些年高考的試卷中，完型填空被列為

一項(xiàng)考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯和語法知識(shí)能力的重要題型。

完型填空可以考查出學(xué)生閱讀理解的能力如何.也可以看出他們寫作技能的高低。同時(shí)又能

鑒定出在一定語境下考生對(duì)詞匯和慣用法的掌握情況。當(dāng)然，由于做完型填空經(jīng)常要借助上下文

的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行推理判斷，完型填空也是對(duì)思維能力的考核。

完型填空一般是一篇有一定情節(jié)的短文，文章長度約200詞左右，挖空20個(gè)。空與空之間

一般間隔是9-10個(gè)詞。備選答案主要是單個(gè)的詞，以實(shí)詞為主，主要是動(dòng)詞和名詞。它有四項(xiàng)

考查重點(diǎn)，即缺詞閱讀、詞語辨析、寫作能力和邏輯分析?，F(xiàn)在的完型是意思的考核代替了明顯

的語法知識(shí)的考核，所給的四個(gè)備選答案幾乎都不錯(cuò)，但其中只有一個(gè)是最佳的。

做完型填空練習(xí)時(shí)首先要粗讀全文，了解大意。要細(xì)讀第一句，因?yàn)榈谝痪湟话悴煌诳?，?/p>

得到較多信息。第一遍做題時(shí)爭(zhēng)取先填出有把握的空，哪怕僅三五個(gè)。第二遍做題則逐個(gè)解決，

只留下個(gè)別不會(huì)的題。注意后線索的現(xiàn)象，答案的提示不一定在前邊。決定好答案后要注意它不

但應(yīng)該在單句中合理、從全文看也合理。判斷的依據(jù)可以是環(huán)境因素，同義詞語，反義詞語，動(dòng)

作順序，時(shí)間地點(diǎn)，連接詞語及構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)。

完型填空水平的提高取決于閱讀與寫作水平的提高。要練好閱讀中的跳讀與掠讀的技術(shù)。要

努力把英語句子寫得通順流暢。要重視動(dòng)詞名詞中意義相近的同義詞的辨析。還有就是學(xué)會(huì)邏輯

推理，分析概括。所以，練完型不要急于求成，它是和你的讀寫水平一起提高的。

二、語法知識(shí)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1.全部倒裝。

1）介詞短語表方位提前,如:infrontof,inthedistance

Infrontofthelakeliesahouse.

2）做狀語的副詞置于句首，如:in,out,down,up,back,over,away,off以及here,there,now,

then等。但是主語為人稱代詞時(shí)不倒裝。

Herecomesthebus.

Herehecomes.

誤:Infrontofthehousedidasmallboysit.

正:Infrontofthehousesatasmallboy.

2.部分倒裝。

1）否定詞放在句首。如:neither,nor,never,hardly,scarcely,notonly,seldom,little,rarely,

nowhere,bynomeans,notuntil等。

Notuntilmidnightdidhecomeback.

2）頻率狀語放在句首。如：often,always,once,manyatime,nowandagain,everyotherday,

everytwodays等。

Oftendidhetalkaboutit.

3）方式狀語放在句首。如：thus,so.

Iwaslateforschoolandsowashe.

4）only+狀語放在句首。

OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.

誤：Onlycanyoudoit.

正:Onlyyoucandoit.

3.在定語從句中，先行詞為物的情況下，以下幾種情況只能用ihal不能用whicho

1）有序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)修飾；

It'sthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.

2）先行詞為不定代詞；

ThatisallthatIwanttoknow.

3）先行詞由不定代詞修飾；

Hementionedallthebooksthatwerelaidonthetable.

4）先行詞有theonly,thevery,thelast修飾；

ItistheverydictionarythatIneed.

5）先行詞既有人又有物。

誤:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolswhichhehadvisited.

正:Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.

4.只能用which的情況有：

1)介詞后面；

Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.

2)，后面。

Ihaveabook,whichisveryinteresting.

誤:ThisisthehouseinthatIstayed.

正:ThisisthehouseinwhichIstayed.

誤:Iwaslateforschoolagain,thatmadetheteacherangry.

正:Iwaslateforschoolagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.

5.if條件句虛擬的構(gòu)成。

IF條ftq加

(were)woiMfcould/mightfsboukido

haddonewoukVcoukVtnight/shouldhavedone

weretodo

<fid(were)muldfMuWmigkt/sbftuH&

dtoulddo

IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotherealone.

Ifhehadstudiedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.

IfIshoulddo/weretodo/didit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.

誤：Ifhetookouradvice,hewouldn'tbeintrouble.

正:Ifhehadtakenouradvice,hewouldn'thavebeenintrouble.

6.主語從句的虛擬。

1)Itis+adj.+thatsb.(should)do

常見的形容詞有：necessary,important,strange,natural

It'simportantthathetakemyadvice.

2)Iti