北京市海淀區(qū)完整版華高級中學校高三5月考前測試（三模）英語試題（無聽力部分）

精華學校2021屆高三考前測試英語 本試卷共12頁,100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦毡貙⒋鸢复鹪诖痤}卡上,在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分:知識運用（共兩節(jié),30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題;每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。LastyearatChristmastimemywifeandIwereinFrance.Forfivewretched（惡劣的）dayseverythinghadgone1OnChristmasEve,therewasnoChristmas2inourhearts.Itwasrainingandcoldwhenwewentouttoeat.Onlyfivetablesintherestaurantwere3ThereweretwoGermancouples,twoFrenchfamilies,andanAmericansailor,byhimself.Intheerapianoplayer4playedChristmasmusic.Ilookedaroundandnoticedthattheothercustomerswereeatinginstony5TheonlypersonwhoseemedhappywastheAmericansailor,whowaswritingaletter,andahalfsmilelightedhisface.Thencameanoldflowerwoman.Carryingherbasketofflowers,shewentfromonetabletotheother.Butnooneboughtany.Beforetheyoungsailorleft,hewalkedovertotheflowerwoman."HappyChristmas,"hesaid,smilingandpickingouttwoflowers.Pressingthesmallerflowerflat,heputitintothe6hehadwritten,thenhandedthewomanatwentyfrancnote."Idon'thavechange,"shesaid.英語第1頁（共12頁）“No,ma'am,nsaidthesailor,leaningoverandkissingthe7cheek."ThisismyChristmaspresenttoyou."8theotherflowerinfrontofhim,hecametoourtable.Inonequickmotionhegavemywifetheflower,wishedusaMenyChristmas,anddeparted.Everyonehadbeenwatchingthesailor.Afewsecondslater,Christmas9throughouttherestaurantlikeabomb.Themiserableevening10beingtheverybestChristmasEvewehadeverexperiencedjustbecauseofayoungsailorwhohadChristmasspiritinhissoul.HegaveusChristmas.1.A.smoothlyB.quicklyc.wrongD.well2.A.dinnerB.partyc.treeD.spirit3.A.occupiedB.wipedc.clearedD.left4.A.beautifullyB.unenthusiasticallyc.brilliantlyD.poorly5.A.silenceB.excitementc.despairD.astonishment6.A.applicationB.letterc.poemD.resume7.A.rosyB.smoothc.ancientD.unshaven8.A.ShakingB.Movingc.HoldingD.Packing9.A.caughtB.touchedc.affectedD.exploded10..A..turnedupB.endedupc.setupD.tookup第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題L5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。ATherearesixsolartermsinsummer.Withthepassingofeachsolarterm,thehotperiodising,thecropsgrowvigorously, 11itentersabusyseasonforfarming.EnteringtheStartofSummertemperaturesrisesignificantly.Whenit12(be)GrainBuds,thegrainsofsummercropsgrowfull.DuringGraininEar,peopleharvestsummercropsandsowautumncrops, 13 (make)itthebusiesttimeoftheyear.Thisistherightbookforrightnow.Yes,learningrequiresfocus.But,unlearningandrelearningrequiresmuchmore—itrequireschoosingcourage14fort.InThinkAgain,AdamGrant15 (weave)togetherresearchandstorytellingtohelpusbuildtheintellectualandemotionalmuscleweneedtostaycuriousenoughabouttheworldtoactuallychangeit.I5veneverfeltsohopefulabout16Idon'tknow.cThe17 (remain)ofagoldmaskareamongahugecacheof3,000yearoldartifactsfoundatanarchaeologicalsiteinChina'sSichuanprovince.Weighingabout280gramsandestimatedtobemadefrom84%gold,theceremonialmaskisoneofover500items18 (unearth)fromsixnewlydiscovered“sacrificialpits，'‘accordingtoofficialsources.ThefindsweremadeatSanxingdui,a4.6squaremileareaoutsidetheprovincialcapitalofChengdu.Someexpertssaytheitemsmayshine19 (far)lightontheancientShustate,akingdom20ruledinthewesternSichuanbasinuntilitwasconqueredin316B.C..第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThereisalottolookforwardtothisyear,andsomemayevenbeavailableasscheduled.ThereleaseofAQuietPlacePartIIhasbeendelayedtwiceduetothepandemic,butperhapsthiswillfuelanticipation.Thedystopianhorror,starringEmilyBluntanddirectedbyherhusbandJohnKrasinski,isnowdueforreleaseinApril2021.TheAbbottfamilyliveinanapocalypticlandscapeplaguedbymonstersthathuntbysound,andtheyareabouttodiscoverthereareotherdangersouttheretoo.Bios,alsopushedbackfrom2020anddueoutinApril,starsTomHanksastheailingcreatorofarobotintendedtocareforhisbeloveddogafterhedies,intheAmericanMidwestdestroyedbyacataclysmicsolarevent.InOctober,DenisVilleneuve'smuchanticipatedDune,thesecondfilmadaptationofFrankHerbert'sbestsellingnovelaboutfeudalinterstellarsociety,isdueout.eDecember,Don'tLookUpissettobeoneofthebiggesteverNetflixfilms,starringLeonardoDiCaprioandJenniferLawrenceasastronomerstryingtowarntheworldaboutagiantmeteoriteheadingtowardsEarthasafumblingpresidentdownplaysthedangers.ItisbeingfilmedinsociallydistancedconditionsinBoston,andthecastincludesTimoth6eChalamet,CateBlanchett,MerylStreepandJonahHill.Onthesmallscreen,thereisasmatteringofprestigererunsofDavidAttenborough^series,plusotherclimatechangedocumentaries,includingIAmGreta,aboutclimatechangeactivistGretaThunberg.ThishadabriefcinemareleasebutwillairontheBBCinJanuary.Hawking,anewdocumentaryfromSky（releasedatenotyetavailable）aimstoshednewlightonthelifeofthelatephysicistthroughpreviouslyunseenprivatefamilyarchives（檔案）?WhichofthefollowingfilmsisadaptedfromFrankHerbert'sbestsellingnovel?AQuietPlacePartII B.BiosC.Dune D.IAmGretaAccordingtothepassage, .Don'tLookUpstarsTomHankstherewillbetwofilmstobereleasedinAprilHawkingtalksaboutaclimatechangeactivistsevenfilmsarebrieflyintroducedWhereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?Amagazine.B.Anessay. C.Areport.D.Atextbook.BATeacher^LifeSavingCallInthemidstoftheCOVID9pandemic,JuliaKochbeganwhatwasonlyhersecondyearasafirstgradeteacherinavirtualclassroomatEdgewoodElementarySchoolinMuskegonHeights,Michigan.OneSeptemberafternoonafewweeksintotheschoolyear,shereceivedacallfromCynthiaPhillips,whowashavingtechnicaldifficultieswithhergranddaughterstoolsforonlinelearning.KochimmediatelyknewsomethingwaswrongwithPhillips.Thetwowomenhadspokennumeroustimesbefore,butKochhadneverheardthegrandmothersound英語第4頁（共12頁）quitelikethis.HerwordsweresojumbledthatKochcouldbarelyunderstandher,thoughshewasabletomakeoutthatPhillipshadfallenfourtimesthatday.Kochcalledherprincipal,CharlieLovelady,whoassuredherthathewouldcallandcheckonPhillipshimself.JustlikeKoch,LoveladycouldbarelyunderstandPhillips.Hesuspectedshemightbehavingastroke—herecognizedthesignsfromwhenhisownfatherhadsufferedone.LoveladywasabletomakeoutthewordkidsandimmediatelybecameconcernedthatPhillips'stwograndchildren,agessixandeight,wereprobablyhomealonewithher—sheistheirprimaryguardian—andscared.Loveladyaskedhisofficemanagertosendanambulancetothegrandmothershome.ThenLoveladycalledVandiebiltMathewsandKeytriaBurtWalker,twodeansintheschooldistrict,totellthemwhatwasgoingon.Bothofthemdroppedeverythinganddrovetothefamily'shome.Whentheypulleduplessthantenminuteslater,theEMTsweretreatingPhillipswhilethetwogirls,lookingvisiblyshaken,wereoutsidewithaneighbor.ThequickresponsefromKochandLoveladysavedPhillips'slife.Shearrivedatthehospitalintimetogettreatmentandbeforechronicdamageoccurred.“Ifitwasn'tforthem,Iwouldn'tbehere,”saidPhillipsfromherhospitalbedaboutamonthafterherstroke.Thankstoanextendedstayinthehospital,shehasregainedmostofthemovementthroughoutherbodyexceptforonehandandaportionofhermouth,whichaffectsherspeech.Virtuallearninghasbeenachallengeacrossthecountry,butifsfairtosaythatinMuskegonHeightsithashelpedthemunitygrowcloser.Manyteacherstheregavetheirpersonalphonenumberstostudentsandfamiliesincasetheyneededextrahelp.Inthiscase,theexchangewasliterallylifealtering.WhenKochreceivedPhillips5scall,shefound .PhillipshaddifficultieswithonlinelearningPhillipscouldbarelyunderstandherPhillipshadfallenforalongtimePhillipscouldn5texpressherselfclearlyHowdidLoveladyhelptosavePhillips'slife?Hesentanambulancetoherhome.Heofferedhertreatmentintime.Hedrovehertothehospitalimmediately.Hemadeaquickresponsetoherdisease.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeKochandLovelady?decisiveandkind. B.courageousandcalm.C.cooperativeandgenerous. D.ambitiousandcaring.CRoughly100mfarmersinseveraltropicalcountriesdependoncoffeefortheirlivelihoods.Unfortunatelyforthem,andforthemanyothercoffeedrinkersaroundtheworld,coffeebushesgrowbestinarathernarrowrangeoftemperatures,sotheircultivationisthreatenedbyachangingclimate.ButachancediscoverybyAaronDavisoftheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,inBritain,publishedinNaturePlants,mayofferawayout.DrDavisandhiscolleaguesreportthattheyhavetrackeddownatypeofwildcoffeewhichisbothpleasanttotasteandtolerantofhighertemperatures.TheexistingcoffeemarketisdominatedbyCoffeaarabicaandCoffeacanephora.Coffeaarabicapreferstemperaturesof1822°C.RecentworksuggeststhatCoffeacanephoradoesnotflourishabove24°C.Manyothercoffeespecies,indeed,growinplaceswarmerthanthosepreferredbycanephoraandarabica.Butallwerethoughttohavepoorerflavours,smallerbeansandloweryields.DrDavis,however,cameacrossapaperwrittenin1834byGeorgeDon,aScottishbotanist,whichdescribedaspeciesfromthelowlandhillsofSierraLeone.Dondubbed（給 起綽號）itCoffeastenophylla,andwrotethatithadaflavoursuperiortoarabica's.ThispiquedDrDavis'sinterest,forstenophyllastillgrows,hediscovered,inpartsofGuinea,SierraLeoneandIvoryCoastthathavetemperaturerangesbetween24and26Y.Heandhiscolleaguesalsolearnedthatstenophyllawasfarmedupuntilthe1920s,afterwhichcanephora,whichhadhigheryields,tookover.Stenophyllawasthengraduallyforgotten.Thathistoryofpreviouscultivationdid,however,suggeststenophyllawasworthlookinginto.Thecrucialquestionwas,wasDon'spraiseforitsflavourjustified?Tofindout,DrDavisarrangedapetitioninvolving18professionalcoffeetasterswhoassessed,inablindparison,asetofsamplesthatincludedstenophylla,twotypesofarabicaandoneofcanephora.Stenophyllaperformedwell.ItwasratedashavinghigherfruitlikequalitiesthanaBrazilianarabicaandanIndonesiancanephora,andalsoamorefavourableacidityandmoreplexflavourprofile,thoughslightlylessofthesequalitiesthananEthiopianarabica.Whenaskedifwhattheyweretastingwasarabica,thejudgessaid“yes”81%forsamplesofstenophylla,paredwith98%forthearabicafromEthiopia.TheseresultssuggestthatDon'sreportfrom1834iscorrect.Stenophylladoestastelikearabica.And,crucially,ittolerateshighertemperaturesthaneitherarabicaorcanephora.Therediscoveryofstenophylla?squalitiesoffershopenotonlytocoffeegrowerswhomightotherwisehavehadtheirbusinessesharmedbyrisingtemperatures,butalsototheworld'scaffeineaddicts,whoneednowworrylessaboutthefuturesupplyoftheirdrugofchoice.Whyarecoffeeyieldsthreatened?Thenumberofcoffeedrinkersisdecreasing.Globaltemperatureisrising.Lessfarmersplantcoffeebushes.Farmerschooseothercropsfortheirlivelihood.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Coffeastenophyllawasfirstfoundin1834.Coffeaarabicagrowsinplaceswannerthanmanyothercoffeespecies.Coffeastenophyllahadloweryieldsthancanephora.Coffeastenophyllaisstillfavouredbyfarmers.TheresearchconductedbyDrDavisrevealsthat .StenophyllahasthesamequalitiesasanEthiopianarabicaAnEthiopianarabicatasteslikestenophyllaABrazilianarabicatastesbetterthanstenophyllaTheflavourofstenophyllaislikearabica'sWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Toexplainastudymethodoncoffeespecies.Tointroduceanewspeciesofcoffee.Tostresstheimportanceofcoffeegrowing.Toproposeanewwaytoincreasecoffeecrops.DThepandemicisbeingusedasapretexttopushunprovenartificialintelligencetoolsintoworkplacesandschools.Technologypanieshavebeenpitchingtheiremotionrecognitionsoftwareformonitoringworkersandevenchildrenremotely.Infact,thereisgrowingscientificconcernabouttheuseandmisuseofAltechnologies.Lastyear,RosalindPicard,whocofoundedanartificialintelligence（Al）startupcalledAffectivainBostonsaidshesupportsregulation.Scholarshavecalledformandatory（強制的），rigorousauditingofallAltechnologiesusedin英語第7頁（共12頁）hiring,alongwithpublicdisclosureofthefindings.InMarch,acitizen'spanel（座談小組）convened（召集）bytheAdaLovelaceInstituteinLondonsaidthatanindependent,legalbodyshouldoverseedevelopmentandimplementationofbiometrictechnologies.SuchoversightisessentialtodefendagainstsystemsdrivenbywhatIcallthephrenologicalimpulse:drawingfaultyassumptionsaboutinternalstatesandcapabilitiesfromexternalappearances,withtheaimofextractingmoreaboutapersonthantheychoosetoreveal.Countriesaroundtheworldhaveregulationstoenforcescientificrigourindevelopingmedicinesthattreatthebody.Toolsthatmakeclaimsaboutourmindsshouldbeaffordedatleastthesameprotection.Foryears,scholarshavecalledforfederalentitiestoregulateroboticsandfacialrecognition；thatshouldextendtoemotionrecognition,too.Itistimefornationalregulatoryagenciestoguardagainstunprovenapplications,especiallythosetargetingchildrenandothervulnerablepopulations.AformativefigurebehindtheclaimthatthereareuniversalfacialexpressionsofemotionisthepsychologistPaulEkman.Inthe1960s,hetravelledthehighlandsofPapuaNewGuineatotesthiscontroversialhypothesisthatallhumansexhibitasmallnumberof4universal5emotionsthatareinnate,crossculturalandconsistent.Earlyon,anthropologistMargaretMeaddisputedthisidea,sayingthatitdiscountedcontext,cultureandsocialfactors.ButthesixemotionsEkmandescribedfitperfectlyintothemodeloftheemergingfieldofputervision.AsIwriteinmy2021bookAtlasofAl,histheorywasadoptedbecauseitfitwhatthetoolscoulddo.Sixconsistentemotionscouldbestandardizedandautomatedatscale—aslongasthemoreplexissueswereignored.Yetpaniescontinuetosellsoftwarethatwillaffectpeople'sopportunitieswithoutclearlydocumented,independentlyauditedevidenceofeffectiveness.Jobapplicantsarebeingjudgedunfairlybecausetheirfacialexpressionsorvocaltonesdon5tmatchthoseofemployees；studentsarebeingflaggedatschoolbecausetheirfacesseemangry.Wecannolongerallowemotionrecognitiontechnologiestogounregulated.Itistimeforlegislativeprotectionfromunprovenusesofthesetoolsinalldomains——education,healthcare,employmentandcriminaljustice.Thesesafeguardswillrecentrerigorousscienceandrejectthemythologythatinternalstatesarejustanotherdatasetthatcanbescrapedfromourfaces.Whafstheauthorsattitudetowardunprovenusesofemotionrecognitiontechnologies?Sympathetic. B.Disapproving.C.Supportive. D.Neutral.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?RosalindPicardsupportstheuseofallartificialintelligencetools.Emotionrecognitionshouldn5tberegulatedlikeroboticsandfacialrecognition.BothPaulEkmanandMargaretMeadbelievethereareuniversalfacialexpressionsofemotion.Emotionrecognitiontechnologiesmayresultinunfairtreatmentofjobapplicants.Whatdoestheunderlinedword**innateMinParagraph4probablymean?natural B.sensitive C.distinctD.significantWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?TocalledformoreeffortstodevelopallAltechnologies.Tointroducethedevelopmentofbiometrictechnologies.TostressthenecessitytoregulateAlthatinterpretshumanemotions.Toopposetheuseofemotionrecognitionsoftwareineducation.第二節(jié)（共5小題海小題2分，共10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoliftyourownspiritsOnafreezingevening,AshleyAustrewsatinhercarinaparkinglot,workingupthecouragetogointoaedyimprovclass.For20minutes,shesatwiththoughtsofselfdoubt:"OMG,Ican'tdothis.I'llbetheworstone."Thensheturnedofftheengine,tookafewdeepbreaths,andwentinside.ForAustrew,tryingimprovwasthefirstsmallsteptoimproveherselfesteem.Mostofusneedtolearnhowtopullourselvesup.Hereareseveralstrategiestoimproveyourrelationshipwiththepersoninthemirror.EmbracetheUpsideofFeelingDown35“Thatanxietygetsmyattentionandsays,4Hey,youneedtofocusonthis5，”sayspsychologistEthanKross.Ifyouneedtodealwithanimmediateproblem,thatcalltofocusishelpful.EngageinSmarterSelfTalkInhislabattheUniversityofMichigan,Krossaskssubjectstotalktothemselvesinthesecondperson,andtousetheirownnames.Insteadofsaying,“I'msonervousaboutthismeetingonTuesday,"forexample,say,[Yourname],youseemprettynervousaboutthismeeting.36uTheyturnintocoachesandstartadvisingthemselves,”Krosssays.37CanadianpsychologistPatrickKeelanplayspianoeveryday."Whenyou'redoingsomethingthatyou5regoodat,itgetshardertothinknegativelyaboutyourself,heexplains.Sodon'twaituntilyou'refeelingconfidenttoworkonyourchessgame,learntobuildfurniture,ortryoutanewrecipe.ReminisceWhilesomeresearchsuggestshappinessincreaseswithage,studiesalsosuggestthatselfesteempeaksatage60,thendeclines.38Tellingsomeonestoriesfromthepastmaybolsterselfesteematthiskeymoment.Ina2015studyfromIran,agroupofwidowedmen60andoversharedmemoriesoftheeventsthathadshapedtheirlives.BelievethatYouMatterMatteringislinkedtojoy.Spendtimewithlovedones,andremindthemyouofferashouldertocryon.Ifsnicetoknowthatsomeonecares,andtheyinturncancountonyouwhentheyneedhelp.Maintainingasenseofcontrol,especiallyoveryourhealthcareissues,alsobooststhatsenseofimportance.39ChangeYourViewLiterallyRepeataTaskYou'reGoodAtShareYourFeelingsCarefullyFirst,realizethatnegativeemotionsaren5tinherentlybad—theycanbeuseful.Aspeoplegetolder,thelossoflovedonesorindependencecanthreatenthesenseofwhotheyare.Kross'sresearchshowsthatthissimpleshiftinlanguagegetspeopleintoproblemsolvingmodequicker.Whenyouaskfamilymembersnottobypassyouwhenmedicaldecisionsarebeingmade,youreinforcethefeelingthatyouareworthyofattention.第三部分:書面表達（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達（共4小題;第40、41小題各2分，第42小題3分，第43小題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據題目要求回答問題。EmbracingtheSingularityEversinceputerstookshape,theyhavebeendesignedbyhumanminds.Overtheyears,plentyofpeoplehaveasked:Whatwouldhappenifputersdesignedthemselves?Somedaysoon,anintelligentputermightcreateamachinefarmorepowerfulthanitself.Thatnewputerwouldlikelymakeanother,evenmorepowerful,andsoon.Machineintelligencewouldrideanexponential（指數的）upwardcurve,attainingheightsofcognitionunthinkabletohumans.This,broadlyspeaking,isthesingularity.Thetermdatesbackover50years.Superintelligentputersmightleapforwardfromnanotechnologytovirtualrealitytospacetravel.Insteadofbeingleftbehindwithourcellbasedbrains,humansmightmergethemselveswithAl,enlargingourbrainswithcircuits,orevendigitallyuploadingourmindstooutliveourbodies.Theresultwouldbeasuperchargedhumanity,capableofthinkingatthespeedoflightandfreeofbiologicalconcerns.PhilosopherNickBostromthinksthishappyworldcouldbringanewageentirely."Itmightbethat,inthisworld,wewouldallbemorelikechildreninagiantDisneylandmaintainednotbyhumans,butbythesemachinesthatwehavecreated,”hesaid.Dependingonwhereyoustand,thismightsoundlikeafantasy,oranightmare.Bostromiswellawareofthis.He'sbeenthinkingabouttheemergenceofsuperintelligentAlfordecades,andhe'sintimatelyfamiliarwiththeriskssuchcreationsinvolve.There'stheclassicscifinightmareofarobotrevolution,ofcourse,wheremachinesdecidethey'dratherbeincontroloftheEarth.ButperhapsmorelikelyisthepossibilitythatthemoralcodeofasuperintelligentAlsimplydoesn'tlineupwithourown.AnAlresponsibleforgroupsofselfdrivingcarsorthedistributionofmedicalsuppliescouldcausedamageifitfailstovaluehumanlifethesamewaywedo.Theproblemhastakenonnewurgencyinrecentyears.IfwecannotcontrolasuperintelligentAl,thenourfatecouldrelyonwhetherfuturemachineintelligencesthinklikeus.Fortunately,therearewayswemightteachhumanmoralitytoanewsuperintelligence.Machinelearningalgorithmscouldbetaughttorecognizehumanvaluesystems,muchliketheyaretrainedondatabasesofimagesandtextstoday.Or,differentAIscoulddebateeachother,overseenbyaspecialist,tobuildbettermodelsofhumanpreferences.Broadlyspeaking,whatisthesingularity?Whatarethewayswemightteachhumanmoralitytoanewsuperintelligence?Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,th