新概念英語第三冊筆記第42課上課教案講解學習

新概念英語第三冊筆記第42課上課教案精品文檔精品文檔收集于網絡，如有侵權請聯系管理員刪除收集于網絡，如有侵權請聯系管理員刪除精品文檔收集于網絡，如有侵權請聯系管理員刪除Lesson42Moderncavemen一、單詞講解NewwordsandexpressionsLINKExcel.Sheet.8"C:\\DocumentsandSettings\\Administrator\\桌面\\新建MicrosoftExcel工作表.xls""Sheet1!R1C1:R30C2"\a\f4\hcavemann洞穴人（穴居人）caven.洞穴（天然的）cavemann.（遠古）洞穴人amanlivinginacavethousandsofyearsagocavern['k?v(?)n]n.大洞穴，大山洞alargecavecavity['k?v?t?] n.洞，腔（正式的醫(yī)學術語）；（齲齒的）洞pothole['p?th??l] n.鍋穴（冰原），壺穴（河床）（地質）potholingn.洞穴探險（運動）potholern.洞穴探險者solitude['s?l?tju:d]n.孤獨、寂寞（2.獨處）（enjoyingbeingalone,beingwithoutcompanions）六級罕見liveinsolitude獨自（居?。┥頸solationn.隔離、孤立（不情愿地，被動）（afeelingofbeinglonelyandunabletomeetorspeaktootherpeople）eg.Retirementcanoftencausefeelingofisolation.seclusion[s?'klu:?(?)n]n.隔離（主動，隔離室等）；隱居、與世隔絕獨處（刻意）eg.TheEmperorlivedinseclusionbehindthewallsoftheForbiddenCity.Recluse[r?'klu:s]n.隱士n.隱士；隱居者adj.隱居的遠離【世界】，過著【隔絕】生活，“常常”是【獨處】。-不一定是【宗·教·信·仰】的原因，不一定是獨處（也許是小群體的與世隔絕的生活）；recluse的第2個含義，才是指修行者，和上面hermit同。reclusive[r?'klu?s?v]adj.隱居的；隱遁的hermit['h??m?t]n.（尤指宗教原因的）隱士，隱居者；蜂鳥強調的是遠離【社會】，因【宗·教·信·仰】而【獨處】的修行的人。還有些小的區(qū)別：recluse只用于人，而hermit可指動物的獨居習性；lure[l(j)??]v引誘，誘惑（n.誘惑；餌；誘惑物vt.誘惑；引誘；引怪（游戲術語））potholern.洞穴探險者rambler['r?mbl?]漫步者，散步者（n.漫步者，漫談者；攀緣薔薇）stroll[str??l]n.溜達,散步（=slowwalkingforpleasureinstreetoringarden）指不慌不忙地溜達goforastroll=goforawalk,takeastroll=takeawalk--Heisstrollingalongtheroad.Strollern.散步者,流浪者Ramble[‘r?mbl]v.海岸、林中的漫步--Thecoupleareramblingintheforest.[英]漫步，尤指為消遣而在鄉(xiāng)間閑逛Roam[r??m]v.不安定的漂泊（徜徉；閑逛；漫步towalkortravelaroundanareawithoutanydefiniteaimordirection）常指長時間沒有目的或方向地游蕩。Wander['w?nd?]vi.漫步,徘徊,流浪,彷徨,無目的地移動1、towalkslowlyaroundortoaplace,oftenwithoutanyparticularsenseofpurposeordirection2、[V]~(away,back,to,etc.sth)(ofaperson'smindorthoughts人的思想或想法)走神；神志恍惚；（思想）開小差tostopbeingdirectedonsthandtomovewithoutmuchcontroltootherideas,3、[V]~(away/off)|~(from/offsth)偏離（正道）；走失；離散tomoveawayfromtheplacewhereyououghttobeorthepeopleyouarewith同義詞：strayundertakingn任務，工作undertakev.承擔，著手做undertaketodo1、開始做youstartdoingitandacceptresponsibilityforit2、承諾做youpromisethatyouwilldoit.--Heundertooktoinformeveryoneconcerned.--Weundertakeainvestigation.承擔，著手做：starttodosthtakeoffdoingsthbeengagedinsth（參與，從事于，忙于）setouttodosetaboutdoingundertakingn.事業(yè)，工作（正在著手做的事）Assignment（工作中的）任務，作業(yè)onanassignment去執(zhí)行公務assign分配，指派mission使命MissionImpossible諜中諜foresight['f?:sa?t]n預見，深謀遠慮foresee預見forecast預測，預報predict預計expect期望，預計Fore前綴表示1、前部的（空間），前面的（時間）2、預先1、foreheadforearm前臂forefinger食指foreword前言（寫在〔書〕前面的話→前言）Forerunner先驅，先兆forefather祖先foresight遠見2、foreseeforecastforetellforestall阻止（預先制止）foretell[f?:'tel]v預言名詞的預測一般用predictionprophecy['pr?f?s?]n.預言；allegory['?l?g(?)r?]寓言（諷寓）fable['fe?b(?)l]（n.寓言；無稽之談vi.編寓言；虛構vt.煞有介事地講述；虛構）foretell一般的通俗用語，往往指根據客觀因素做出的預告，強調預先要發(fā)生的事。forecast指對未來事件的預報、推測或設想，側重最終可能出現的結果。predict較正常的正式用詞，通常用于人。指根據事實或自然規(guī)律進行推斷后作出預告，隱含有科學的準確性。foresee指提前、預先料到將要發(fā)生的事或指對未發(fā)生的事情形成一種概念或判斷chasm['k?z(?)m]n.斷層，裂縫，陷坑（n.峽谷；裂口；分歧；深坑）aropebridgeacrossthechasm橫跨裂縫的繩索橋n.分歧，不同，裂痕（abigdifferencebetweentheopinions,experience,waysoflife）adeeppoliticalchasmbetweenthesetwocountries兩個國家間的很大的政治分歧flaw[fl?:]n.瑕疵，小裂縫，小錯，弱點；裂縫，裂紋vt&vi.使生裂縫，使有裂紋；使無效；使有缺陷（amistake,markorweaknessthatmakessomethingimperfect）事物表面的裂紋，引申出瑕疵，缺陷fatalflaw致命的弱點cleft[kleft]n.裂縫，裂口（自然形成）（（尤指巖石、地表的）裂縫；額頭（或下巴）中間的豎縫；（身體）V字形凹陷）anaturalcrackinthesurfaceofrocksortheearthetc.asharpcleftbetweenrichandpoor貧富之間的巨大差異cleavage['kli:v?d?]n.（劈裂的）裂痕，不同意見（n.劈開，分裂；[晶體]解理；[胚]卵裂）asharpcleavageintheattitudestowardseducation關于教育的截然不同的意見cleave1、劈開[文學性]2、cleaveto堅忠于[正式]fissuren.裂縫，（尤指巖石上的）裂溝；分歧v.（使）裂開，分裂（adeepcrack，especiallyinrockorearth）crackn.（一個）開口，縫隙（1、使…破裂;破裂2、使…噼啪作響;發(fā)出辟裂聲3、撞擊4、叩開（殼雞蛋）5、破解難題，密碼等）最普通的用詞eg.Sheopenedthedooracrackandslippedin.crevice['krev?s]n.（巖石上的）細小裂縫（anarrowcrack,especiallyinrock）gapn.間隙；缺口；差距；分歧(anemptyspacebetweentwoobjects)強調空間thegenerationgap代溝eg.Thereiswidegapinmyknowledgeofhistory.我歷史知識十分缺乏。distinguishedadj.杰出的、著名的（學術上、領域知名的）verysuccessfulandrespected;wellknown;remarkableeg.AdistinguishedscientistwonTheNobelPrize.atall,distinguished-lookingman一個高個，相貌非凡的男子unremarkableremarkablyremarkvt談到、說起（正式評論、談論on/upon）n.評論、意見aboutoutstanding（adj.突出的，杰出的，卓越的）--Our

headmaster

is

an

outstanding

youth.（n.年輕人,青少年）Distinguished（adj.

杰出的,卓越的,不同非凡的）(非常成功且令人欽佩的)~physicist[‘f?z?s?st]Eminent（adj.

顯赫的,杰出的,有名的,優(yōu)良的）[‘em?n?nt](尤指在某一行業(yè)、專業(yè)領域中頗有名氣的)Distinguished和eminent是同義詞（都是用來修飾嚴肅領域的人）--a

distinguished

physicist（n.物理學家）,an

eminent

surgeon（n.外科醫(yī)生）--an

eminent

judge（n.法官）,a

distinguished

lawyer（n.律師）notedadj.顯著的、值得注意的；著名的well-knowntoreceivealotofpublicattentionanotedrestaurant一個遠近聞名的餐館celebrated['sel?bre?t?d]adj.most-talkedabout,famous著名的（非常偏，專業(yè)四級）acelebratedcase人盡皆知的案例celebrity[s?'lebr?t?](尤指娛樂界的)名人，明星illustrious[?'l?str??s]adj.極為杰出的，著名的（一般指人）(famousandadmiredbecauseofwhatyouhaveachievedinthepast,greatlydistinguished;celebrated)anillustriousbookanillustriousnamerenowned[r?’na?nd]

adj.某人或某事/地以其獨特的品質、個性而聞名be~(as/forsth)有名的；聞名的；受尊敬的famousandrespected--Hangzhou

is

renowned

foritsbeautifulscenery.（n.風景,景色）notoriousadj.臭名遠揚的（famouswidelyknownforsthbad）anotoriousgangster惡名昭彰的歹徒infamous

adj.身名狼藉的（=Notorious）Everest:thehighestmountainintheHimalayas,ontheborderbetweenTibetandNepal[n??p??l]eg.AIDSresearchershavemadesomeprogress,buttheystillhaveanEveresttoclimb.wade[we?d]v涉水、蹚水（或泥）(vi.跋涉vt.涉水；費力行走n.跋涉；可涉水而過的地方)介詞一般用through或者acrosswadethrough引申出：費時費力地啃讀waterfall瀑布downfall垮臺snowfall暴雪gear一套用具之前學的是檔位，掛擋是gointoinflatable[?n'fle?t?b(?)l]可充氣的（膨脹的；引申出“得意的”）pneumaticpneumoniaaninflatablerubberdingyaninflatablemattressinflatev.1)tofillsthwithair充氣V-T/V-I使充氣；充氣inflatearubberdinghy2)tofillwithpride得意洋洋，驕傲的（人，膨脹）eg.Ouregoswereinflatedbysuccess.我們因為勝利而變的驕傲自滿了。3)tomakepricesincrease漲價，上漲vt&vi抬高(物價);漲高eg.Theinfluxofimmigrantshasinflatedhouseprices.大量移民的涌入使得房價上漲。4)夸大vtIfsomeoneinflatestheamountoreffectofsomething,theysayitisbigger,better,ormoreimportantthanitreallyis,usuallysothattheycanprofitfromit.eg:夸大損失，夸大收獲等等inflation（通貨膨脹）---deflation（銀根緊縮）bubbleeconomy泡沫經濟deflatevt.放氣，排氣；使縮?。痪o縮通貨；打擊；使泄氣vi.縮??；物價下降rubble['r?b(?)l]n.碎石，瓦礫（毀壞后的房屋，或者是鋪設在地面最下一層的碎石）boulder['b??ld?]n.大石塊（alargestoneorpieceofrock）（卵石，大圓石（圓形巨石）；巨礫）pebble['peb(?)l]n.小卵石，小石子(asmallsmoothstonefoundonthebeachoronthebottomofriver)eg.Youarenottheonlypebbleonthebeach!（usedtosaythatyouarenottheonlypersonwhohastobeconsideredordeservesattention）eg.Youarenottheonlyfishinthesea.cobble['k?b(?)l]n.forpavingtheroad大石子（大卵石，中礫）insistent[?n's?st(?)nt]連續(xù)的，不斷的（1、堅持的;堅決的2、(聲音、節(jié)奏等)持續(xù)的）insist1、堅持認為;執(zhí)意要求V-T/V-Iinsistthatinsistonsth/doing堅持說insistthat注意一些特殊的用法，或者特殊的詞意，比如之前steadily，本意是穩(wěn)定的，也可以翻譯為“連續(xù)的”Persistentstubbornabstinatelyboom[bu:m]v./n.轟響bomb[b?m]n炸彈vt&vi轟炸1)adeeploudsoundthatyoucanhear轟鳴聲theboomofthecannons2)arapidincreaseofbusinessactivity經濟增長（經濟繁榮，急速發(fā)展，激增）eg.Aftertheboom,everythingisgloom.boomtown新興的工業(yè)城市atownorcitythatsuddenlybecomesverysuccessfulbecausethereisalotofnewindustrybabyboom：嬰兒潮aperiodwhenalotofbabieswerebornesp.between1946and1964eg.BillClintonisababyboomerwhowasbornin1946.prosperousadj.

（經濟上）繁榮的，昌盛的[‘pr?sp?r?s]--our

finance

is

prosperous我們的經濟非常的繁榮。（Financen.財政,金融）thrivingadj.昌盛的，興旺的--thrivingbusiness[θra?v??]thrive興盛，興?。婚L得健壯boomingadj.蓬勃的，景氣的--aboomingmarket繁榮的市場本意：急速發(fā)展的boomv激增flourishingadj.繁茂的，健康的，繁榮的['fl?:????]flourish[‘fl?r??]茂盛，繁榮;活躍，蓬勃--Thoseplantsareflourishing.那些植物長得茂盛。waterspout['w?:t?spa?t]n強大的水柱（水龍卷）spout1、vt&vi噴射(液體、火);(液體、火)噴射出2、(容器的)嘴;口3、跌跌不休地說[表不滿]cleft[kleft]n.裂縫，開口（裂口（自然形成）（（尤指巖石、地表的）裂縫；額頭（或下巴）中間的豎縫；（身體）V字形凹陷）anaturalcrackinthesurfaceofrocksortheearthetc.）asharpcleftbetweenrichandpoor貧富之間的巨大差異cavern['k?v(?)n]n.大洞穴，大山洞alargecavestalagmite['st?l?gma?t]n石筍sticksupfromthefloorofacave.Stalagmitesareformedbytheslowdroppingofwatercontainingtheminerallime.['m?n(?)r(?)l]n.礦物；（英）礦泉水；無機物；adj.礦物的；礦質的stalactite['st?l?kta?t]n.[地質]鐘乳石alongpieceofrockwhichhangsdownfromtheroofofacave.Stalactitesareformedbytheslowdroppingofwatercontainingtheminerallime.Plaster['plɑ:st?]n.熟石膏(灰泥;熟石膏;膏藥;創(chuàng)可貼;護創(chuàng)膠布;)(v.抹灰;用灰泥抹(墻等);用…涂抹)gypsum['d??ps?m]是生石膏（簡稱石膏），自然界的礦物質（晶體）,他指代就是CaSO4·2H2O，純的。Plaster是灰泥（好像俗稱石膏），人工的建筑材料（主要成分是gypsum生石膏加熱去水后變成的熟石膏人工研磨成的白色粉末），主要成分是熟石膏CaSO4·1/2H2O，其他成分雜七雜八的雜質什么就多了去了我也不是很清楚。種類很多：gypsumplaster石膏灰泥,limeplaster石灰泥,cementplaster水泥灰泥.總之你就想：gypsum就是高中化學實驗室放在瓶子里的做實驗的純石膏。plaster是建筑工地一大包一大包的蓋房子用的所謂的“石膏”lime[la?m]石灰，青檸，酸橙limestone石灰石glisten['gl?s(?)n]v閃爍（vi.閃光，閃亮n.閃光，閃耀）（itshines,usuallybecauseitiswetoroily.(因有水或有油而)發(fā)光）glintglimflashflickereerie['??r?]adj.引起恐懼的(“令人”)，可怕的(strangeandfrighteningcausingafeelingofmysteryandfear)theeeriesoundofanowlhootsintheforestatnight夜晚貓頭鷹在森林里發(fā)出令人恐怖的叫聲。intheeeriesilence令人恐怖的寂靜之中eerilyADV怪異地;可怕地dome[d??m]n.穹隆，圓頂（圓屋頂）（aroundroof圓頂）thebluedomeofsky蒼穹underthedome穹頂之下柴靜，霧霾doom[du:m]v./n.tomakesbcertaintofail,die命里注定（會怎樣），在劫難逃常用被動bedoomedtodo（n.厄運；死亡；判決；世界末日vt.注定；判決；使失?。﹙tdoomsthtosth注定使什么怎樣（Ifafactoreventdoomssomeoneorsomethingtoaparticularfate,itmakescertainthattheyaregoingtosufferinsomeway.注定）destiny命運eg.Theirmarriagewasdoomedtofailure.doomsday世紀末日二、課文講解Caveexploration,orpot-holing,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.asithascometobeknown…as引導方式狀語從句“正如人們已開始知道的那樣?！盋ometo變成某種狀態(tài)，有一個方向性，結合現在完成時又有了時間性，“從過去到現在，逐漸地”Brucechargedatit,butinthemiddle,thecarcametoagrindinghalt.eg.Bumjeejumping,asithascometobeknown,isarelativelynewsport.上節(jié)課學到了oraboutthoseunfortunatepeoplewhohavetotravelfromthecountrytothecityeverydaytogotowork（gotowork也有一個方向性，考試一般不會考，閱讀中也不太重要，但是表達上要準確）relatively['rel?t?vl?]adv.相對地，比較地Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatlurespeopledowntothedepthsoftheearth.Itisthedesireforsolitude…thatlurespeople…（強調句）eg.Itisthewishforknowledgethatluresmeintothebookworld.注意介詞的使用，desireforchanceof==chancetodo以及副詞down表示方向后緊跟的to介詞，表目的對象eg：backto注意depth除了深度以外，depths（復數形式）表示深處、深淵Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforapot-holer’smotives.eg.Itisimpossibletogiveasatisfactoryexplanationforamurder’smotives.Activeadj.積極的；活躍的；主動的；有效的；現役的n.主動語態(tài)；積極分子Activatevt.[usupassive]刺激；使活動；使活潑；使產生放射性vi.激活；有活力Initiatevt.啟動，開始，創(chuàng)始；發(fā)起；使初步了解（傳授）n.開始；新加入者，接受初步知識者Motiven.動機，目的；主題adj.發(fā)動的；成為動機的vt.使產生動機，激起Motivatev.刺激，使有動機，激勵/激發(fā)…的積極性；成為……的動機；（激起某種行為）Forhim,caveshavethesamepeculiarfascinationwhichhighmountainshavefortheclimber.注意對比的用法，fascinationforeg.Whatahighmountainistoaclimberthatacaveistoapot-holer.eg.JustasDarwindiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentoforganicnature,soMarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistory.正如達爾文發(fā)現有機自然界的發(fā)展規(guī)律一樣，馬克思發(fā)現了人類的發(fā)展規(guī)律。Theyarouseinstinctswhichcanonlybedimlyunderstood.arousevt引起，激起，激發(fā)arisevi.出現；上升；起立instinctn.本能languageinstinct語感instinctforself-preservation自衛(wèi)本能介詞用forintuition[?ntj?'??(?)n]直覺（注意同位語從句的使用）TheSixthSense第六感eg.Ihadanintuitionthatitwouldrain.eg.IfeelinmybonethattheremaybeachanceinamillionthatIwasright.tuitionn.學費；授課（指導）英國英語dim暗淡的，希望渺茫的，可能性小的ExploringreallydeepcavesisnotataskfortheSundayafternoonrambler.注意總結表達“困難”的幾種方式it’sdifficultforsbtodosth最直白doingsthisnotataskforsbsbattemptingtodosthisalwaysfacedwithadifficulttasksbhasahardtimedoingsth雖然簡單也比較直接，但是表示的意思更加婉轉Suchundertakingsrequirethepreciseplanningandforesightofmilitaryoperations.ofmilitaryoperations軍事行動般的注意這個所有格of，表達的意思是軍事行動的遠見，“般的”用來修飾thepreciseplanningandforesightItcantakeaslongaseightdaystorigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybasesbeforeadescentcanbemadeintoaverydeepcave.Itcantakeaslongas…rigup…itcantakeaslongas…it是形式主語，torigupropeladdersandtoestablishsupplybases是邏輯主語aslongas只要，就；長達aslongagoas早在（14課）rigupv.裝備，裝配；（用身邊的工具）草草搭起/做成(tomakeequipment,furnitureetc.quicklyfromobjectsthatyoufindaroundyou)rig[r?g]本意是給(船、桅等)裝配帆、鎖具等[nautical]（v.操縱；裝配；裝扮；裝上索具；為…提供服裝n.裝備；鉆探設備；服裝；帆裝；重型鉸接式開車）eg.Soldiersriggeduptentsforthenight.士兵搭起了過夜的帳篷。eg.Weriggedupasimpleshoweratthebackofthecabin.我們在小屋的后面臨時裝上了一個簡易熱水器。Itcantakeaslongas…rigup…adescentcanbemadeinto…makeadescentintoeg.Theydiscoveredthecraterandmadeadescentintothevolcano.他們發(fā)現了火山口，并進入了火山。descent[d?'sent]六級名詞1、下降、下坡2、沉淪;沒落[強調]3、出身[正式]descendondescendintodescendtosth/doingsthascend反義詞，上升1)familyorigins后代eg.WeareChinesebydescent.2)agradualchangetowardsbehaviorthatiswrong墮落，品格下降Precautionsofthissortarenecessary,foritisimpossibletoforetelltheexactnatureofthedifficultieswhichwillconfrontthepot-holer.precautionn.預防措施(pre→caution)takeprecaution（sththatyoudoinadvanceinordertopreventsthdangerousorunpleasantfromhappening）eg.Wehavetosaveourworkoftenasaprecautionagainstcomputerfailure.要經常存盤，以免計算機失誤而丟失文檔。eg.Itakealltheprecautionsofinsuringmycar.我采取預防措施給車子上了保險。takepreventivemeasures采取預防措施==takesteps==takeactionseg.Thegovernmenttookeffectivestepstoholdbacktheincreasinginflation.抑制了持續(xù)增長的通貨膨脹。…theexactnatureof…willconfrontthepot-holer.naturen.本質，本性，性質humannature人性thenatureof屬…性質（類）eg.Hisrequestwasvirtuallyinthenatureofacommand.letthenaturetakeitscourse順其自然eg.Whatwillbewillbe.Letthenaturetakeitscourse.callofthenature大小便急（委婉語）…theexactnatureof…willconfrontthepot-holer.confrontv.面對，遭遇（todealwithsomethingverydifficultorunpleasantinabraveanddeterminedway）在這里要注意其主語，一般而言用的是人做主語，但是反過來，擬人的非靈主語，把困難作為主語confrontsbwithsth特化為(以某事物)與(某人)對質eg.OnmyfirstdayatworkIwasconfrontedwiththetaskofchairingameeting.befacedwithThedeepestknowncaveintheworldistheGouffreBergernearGrenoble.Itextendstoadepthof3,723feet.Thisimmensechasmhasbeenformedbyanundergroundstreamwhichhastunneledacoursethroughaflawintherocks.known過去分詞直接做前置定語extend深達，也可以長達beformedby以什么形成tunnel隧道，在這里是動詞，形成隧道，挖掘隧道，挖掘，沖刷出隧道的形狀TheentrancetothecaveisonaplateauintheDauphineAlps.['d??fi?n]王妃多芬阿爾卑斯山脈theentranceto…的入口處entranceexaminationthegatewayto['ge?twe?]大門入口，門戶；途徑；網關eg.ForimmigrantsfromAsia,thegatewaytoUSAisSanFrancisco.plateau['pl?t??]高原Asitisonlysixfeetacross,itisbarelynoticeable.ThecavemighthaveneverbeendiscoveredhadnottheentrancebeenspottedbythedistinguishedFrenchpot-holer,Berger.mighthavedonesth虛擬語氣結構正常結構為iftheentrancehadnotbeenspottedby…非真實性條件狀語從句，if的省略多用于較正式的文體之中。把“如果”兩字在字面上就去掉eg.HadIrealizedwhatyouintendedIshouldnothavewastedmytime.ifIhaverealizedwhatyouintended…Sinceitsdiscovery,ithasbecomeasortofpot-holers’Everest.Thoughanumberofdescentshavebeenmade,muchofitstillremainstobeexplored.muchofitstillremainstobeexplored有待于進一步勘探注意里面概念的轉換，讓步狀從的主語是anumberofdescents探險者的進洞探索，“每次探險”意味著都會有一些新的發(fā)現，主句是muchofit變成了洞穴本身，但整體仍然說的還是洞穴的未知和神秘。remainalottobeseenremainalottobedesiredremainalottobeimprovedeg.Itremainstobeseenwhetherornottheoperationwassuccessful.這次行動是否成功還是有待觀察。本課裂縫深坑不同的表達Afterenteringthenarrowgapon…Thisimmensechasmhasbeen…Theentrancetothecaveis…Ateamofpot-holersrecentlywentdowntheGouffreBerger.Afterenteringthenarrowgapontheplateau,theyclimbeddownthesteepsidesofthecaveuntiltheycametoanarrowcorridor.steep[sti:p]adj.峻峭的,陡峭的；急?。ㄉ担┑膒recipitous[pr?'s?p?t?s]adj.（verysteepandoftendangerous）險峻，幾乎垂直的；居然的，急劇的abruptadj.突兀的（驟然的，突然的；唐突的）precipice['pres?p?s]n.峭壁（n.懸崖；絕壁；險境）cliffn.懸崖（(尤其指靠海的)懸崖）corridor['k?r?d?:]走廊（英國英語）；走廊地帶(與另一國家相連或穿越另一國取得出海通道的狹長地帶)theHexi[Gansu]Corridor河西走廊passage走廊gallery畫廊hall(樓里的)過道[美國英語]Theyhadtoedgetheirwayalongthis,sometimeswadingacrossshallowstreams,orswimmingacrossdeeppools.edgeone'swayalong…側身緩緩的向前移動edge[ed?]n.邊緣；優(yōu)勢；刀刃；鋒利vt.使銳利；將…開刃；給…加上邊vi.緩緩移動；側著移動極限運動，在高樓頂層的邊緣走?，F在分詞做伴隨狀語wadeacross涉水squeezethrough從中擠身過去elbow/shoulderone’sway==squeezeone’sway擠出一條路Suddenlytheycametoawaterfallwhichdroppedintoanundergroundlakeatthebottomoftheeto來到了atthebottomofTheyplungedintothelake,andafterloadingtheirgearonaninflatablerubberdinghy,letthecurrentcarrythemtotheotherside.current水流carry非靈主語的使用plungev.投入，跳入[pl?nd?]（=jump

or

rush

suddenly

and

wildly）以下都可以用plunge(sth)in/intosth1、Vi（尤指向水中）縱身投入，一頭進入；突然前沖（或下落）2、Vt

將…投入；將…插入；將…刺進

3、[V](ofprices,temperatures,etc.價格、溫度等)暴跌；驟降；突降4、（使）投身；（使）突然開始從事5、使（突然）陷入（不好的狀態(tài)）theroomwasplungedintodarkness--He

got

so

angry

that

he

plunge

into

the

water.--When

the

ship

Titanic

sank

in

the

ocean,a

large

number

of

people

plunged

into...jump（側重強調快速地跳）--The

boy

is

jumping

up

and

down.Leapvt.跳躍,跳越（--He

leapt

out

of

the

sleeping

bad.）Divevi.潛水,跳水,下潛,俯沖Toprotectthemselvesfromtheicywater,theyhadtowearspecialrubbersuits.Atthefarendofthelake,theycametohugepilesofrubblewhichhadbeenwashedupbythewater.icywater刺骨的冷水地下水的溫度很低（水空調）山澗atthefaren