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第27練橢圓學(xué)校____________姓名____________班級(jí)____________一、單選題1.橢圓SKIPIF1<0的長(zhǎng)半軸長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0(
)A.11 B.7 C.5 D.2【答案】C【詳解】由橢圓標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程知,長(zhǎng)半軸長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.2.已知橢圓SKIPIF1<0,則該橢圓的離心率SKIPIF1<0(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【詳解】解:因?yàn)闄E圓SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.3.點(diǎn)P為橢圓SKIPIF1<0上一點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為該橢圓的兩個(gè)焦點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(
)A.13 B.1 C.7 D.5【答案】D【詳解】橢圓方程為:SKIPIF1<0,由橢圓定義可知:SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0故選:D4.雙曲線E與橢圓SKIPIF1<0焦點(diǎn)相同且離心率是橢圓C離心率的SKIPIF1<0倍,則雙曲線E的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方程為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【詳解】雙曲線SKIPIF1<0與橢圓SKIPIF1<0焦點(diǎn)相同,則焦點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,橢圓的離心率為SKIPIF1<0,∴雙曲線的離心率為SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)雙曲線實(shí)半軸長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,虛半軸長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,焦距為2c,則c=2,SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,∴所求雙曲線方程為:SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.5.已知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0是橢圓SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)焦點(diǎn),點(diǎn)M在橢圓C上,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為(
)A.13 B.12 C.9 D.6【答案】C【詳解】解:由橢圓SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)等號(hào)成立,SKIPIF1<0最大值為9.故選:C.6.已知橢圓SKIPIF1<0的離心率為SKIPIF1<0,則橢圓E的長(zhǎng)軸長(zhǎng)為(
).A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【詳解】因?yàn)闄E圓SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又橢圓SKIPIF1<0的離心率為SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以橢圓E的長(zhǎng)軸長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.7.已知點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在橢圓SKIPIF1<0上運(yùn)動(dòng),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在圓SKIPIF1<0上運(yùn)動(dòng),則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.5 D.6【答案】B【詳解】解:設(shè)圓SKIPIF1<0的圓心為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時(shí)取得最大值,所以SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.8.已知SKIPIF1<0分別是橢圓SKIPIF1<0的左、右焦點(diǎn),點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在橢圓SKIPIF1<0上,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0分別是SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0的周長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,則橢圓SKIPIF1<0的方程為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【詳解】因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0三點(diǎn)共線,且SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0分別為SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,求得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)辄c(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0在橢圓SKIPIF1<0上,所以SKIPIF1<0,求得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以橢圓SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.9.已知點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0是橢圓SKIPIF1<0+SKIPIF1<0=1上的動(dòng)點(diǎn)(點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0不在坐標(biāo)軸上),SKIPIF1<0為橢圓的左,右焦點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn);若SKIPIF1<0是SKIPIF1<0的角平分線上的一點(diǎn),且SKIPIF1<0丄SKIPIF1<0,則丨SKIPIF1<0丨的取值范圍為(
)A.(0,SKIPIF1<0) B.(0,2)C.(l,2) D.(SKIPIF1<0,2)【答案】A【詳解】如下圖,延長(zhǎng)SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0相交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,連接SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的角平分線,所以,SKIPIF1<0,則點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以,SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,由已知可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0,且有SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0.故選:A.10.已知橢圓SKIPIF1<0的左、右焦點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,過(guò)SKIPIF1<0的直線交橢圓于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn),若SKIPIF1<0的最大值為10,則SKIPIF1<0的值是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【詳解】∵SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為橢圓SKIPIF1<0的兩個(gè)焦點(diǎn),∴SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的周長(zhǎng)為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0最小,則SKIPIF1<0最大.又當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0軸時(shí),SKIPIF1<0最小,此時(shí)SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.二、多選題11.點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為橢圓C的兩個(gè)焦點(diǎn),若橢圓C上存在點(diǎn)P,使得SKIPIF1<0,則橢圓C方程可以是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】AC【詳解】設(shè)橢圓方程為SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)橢圓上頂點(diǎn)為B,橢圓SKIPIF1<0上存在點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,使得SKIPIF1<0,則需SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以選項(xiàng)AC滿足.故選:AC.12.橢圓SKIPIF1<0的左、右焦點(diǎn)分別為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,點(diǎn)P在橢圓C上,若方程SKIPIF1<0所表示的直線恒過(guò)定點(diǎn)M,點(diǎn)Q在以點(diǎn)M為圓心,C的長(zhǎng)軸長(zhǎng)為直徑的圓上,則下列說(shuō)法正確的是(
)A.橢圓C的離心率為SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0的最大值為4C.SKIPIF1<0的面積可能為2 D.SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【詳解】對(duì)于選項(xiàng)A,由橢圓C的方程知SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以離心率SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)A正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)B,由橢圓的定義可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的最大值為4,故選項(xiàng)B正確;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)C,當(dāng)點(diǎn)P位于橢圓的上、下頂點(diǎn)時(shí),SKIPIF1<0的面積取得最大值SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤;對(duì)于選項(xiàng)D,易知SKIPIF1<0,則圓SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故選項(xiàng)D正確,故選:ABD.三、解答題13.已知橢圓SKIPIF1<0的左焦點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,右頂點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0.(1)求SKIPIF1<0的方程SKIPIF1<0(2)設(shè)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0上一點(diǎn)(異于左、右頂點(diǎn)),SKIPIF1<0為線段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),SKIPIF1<0為坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn),直線SKIPIF1<0與直線SKIPIF1<0交于點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,求證:SKIPIF1<0.【解析】(1)設(shè)橢圓SKIPIF1<0的半焦距為SKIPIF1<0.因?yàn)闄E圓SKIPIF1<0的左焦點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,右頂點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.所以SKIPIF1<0,故C的方程為:SKIPIF1<0;(2)設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,因?yàn)镾KIPIF1<0為線段SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),所以SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為:SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,所以點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,此時(shí),SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.14.已知?jiǎng)狱c(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0與平面上點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的距離之和等于SKIPIF1<0.(1)求動(dòng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡SKIPIF1<0方程;(2)若經(jīng)過(guò)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的直線SKIPIF1<0與曲線SKIPIF1<0交于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0兩點(diǎn),且點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的中點(diǎn),求直線SKIPIF1<0的方程.【答案】(1)SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0【解析】(1)解:設(shè)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的坐標(biāo)為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0由橢圓定義可知,點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0軌跡是以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為焦點(diǎn)的橢圓,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0動(dòng)點(diǎn)SKIPIF1<0的軌跡SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0.(2)解:顯然直線SKIPIF1<0的斜率存在且不等于SKIPIF1<0,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0、SKIPIF1<0在橢圓上,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,兩式相減得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;15.已知橢圓SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0,焦點(diǎn)為SKIPIF1<0?SKIPIF1<0,過(guò)x軸上的一點(diǎn)M(m,0)(SKIPIF1<0)作直線l交橢圓于A?B兩點(diǎn).(1)若點(diǎn)M在橢圓內(nèi),①求多邊形SKIPIF1<0的周長(zhǎng);②求SKIPIF1<0的最小值SKIPIF1<0的表達(dá)式;(2)是否存在與x軸不重合的直線l,使得SKIPIF1<0成立?如果存在,求出m的取值范圍;如果不存在,請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由.【答案】(1)①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0(2)SKIPIF1<0【解析】(1)①由橢圓SKIPIF1<0:SKIPIF1<0知,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0
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