湖北省騰云聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期8月聯(lián)考英語試卷（解析版）

湖北省“騰·云”聯(lián)盟2024—2025學(xué)年度上學(xué)期八月聯(lián)考高三英語試卷考試時間：2024年8月13日上午8:00—10:00試卷滿分：150分★?？荚図樌镒⒁馐马棧?.答題前，先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將準(zhǔn)考證虧條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。3.非選擇題的作答：用黑色簽字筆直接答在答題卡上對應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。4.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeelintheend?A.Shefeelspuzzled.B.ShefeelsangryC.Shefeelsembarrassed.2.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.AboringTVseries.B.Awell-knownstar.C.Somegoodsongs.3.Whatdoesthemanlikedoing?A.Takingpictures.B.Watchingmovies.C.Readingbooks.4.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Gotothegrocerystore.B.Doshoppingonline.C.VisittheInternetcafe.5.Whatisthemaninchargeof?A.Organizingthemeeting.B.Sendinganemail.C.Visitingsomeclients.聽第6段材料，回答第6.7題。6.Howwilltheclubgetthesupplies?A.Themanwillsupplythem.B.Thecollegewillprovidethem.C.Thememberswillbringtheirown.7.Whathasthemanbegundoing?A.Contactingpeople.B.Designingawebsite.C.Practisingtechniques.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whyisthewomanworried?A.Shemaybreakherlegs.B.Shehastoruntenkilometers.C.Sheneverrunsaracebefore.9.WhatwillthewomandoonSaturday?A.Relaxherbody.B.Practiceonthetrack.C.Makepreparationsinagym.聽第8段材料，回答第10至13小題。10.Howmanyemployeeswillbefired?A.About50.B.About300.C.About350.11.Wherewilltheman’snewstaffcomefrom?A.Australia.B.America.C.China.12.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Thewomanwillbefired.B.Themanwilltakeoverthewomancompany.C.Thewomanwillworkintheman’scompany.13.Howcanwedescribethewoman?A.Considerate.B.Practical.C.Ambitious.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdidthespeakers’motherdothismorning?AShewroteanote.B.Shecalledherfather.C.Shecookedbreakfast.15.Whatisthewoman?A.Astudent.B.Ateacher.C.Astoreowner.16.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodo?A.Takeoutthegarbage.B.Cleanthefloor.C.Dothelaundry.17.Howwillthespeakersgotothemarket?A.Onfoot.B.Bycar.C.Bybus.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whowillbenefitfromthemobilewoodshop!A.Teensandyoungadults.B.Laid-offworkers.C.Children.19.WhatisthegoalofthemobilewoodshopaccordingtoMargery?A.Tohelppeoplekilltime.B.Tohelppeoplefindjobs.C.Tohelppeopledevelopinterests.20.WhydidRyantaketheclass?A.Tolearnnewskills.B.Togetacertificate.C.Toimprovehisskills.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AMyrtleBeachDolphinCruise(乘船游覽)&DolphinToursMyrtleBeachisoneofthemostbreathtakinglybeautifulplacestovisit,andthereisnobetterwaytohaveamemorabletimeintheareathanbytakingaMyrtleBeachDolphinTour.ReserveyourspotonthegorgeousNewInletPrincess,amagnificentvesselthatcreatessomeofthebestfuninMyrtleBeach!EmbarkuponthisMyrtleBeachdolphinsightseeingcruisetoexperiencethewondersofMurrellsInlet.Keepyoureyesopenforstunningdolphinsintheirnaturalhabitatsandotherwildlifeasyousailalongitswaters.ThisattractivetouristoppedoffwithamemorablesunsetforsomeofthebestfunthatMyrtleBeachhastooffer.AbouttheDolphinGuaranteeThisdolphincruiseistheONLYdolphincruisebackedbyVME’sguarantee.Ifyoudonotseedolphinsonyourcruise,pleasecontactusat1-800-987-9852forticketsforanotherdolphincruisetobetakenwithin7daysofthefirstcruise.Details:·UniqueOnlineOffer:Buy1Get1Free（Mustbookinadvanceonlineortoll-freeat1-800-987-9852）·AppropriateforAllAges·HandicapAccessible·RestaurantOn-site·KidFriendlyDolphinCruise-KidsLoveThisCruise!·Largeboatwithcoveredshadearea,air-conditionedencloseddeck,andlargeopensundeck.·TwoBathroomsOnBoard·WhattoBring:Camera/Phoneforgreatphotos,cashforshacksanddrinksavailableonboard.·Cruiselastsapproximately75minutes.1.Ifyoudon’tseedolphinsonyourcruise,whatcanyoudoinaweek?A.Getafullrefundfortheirtickets. B.Purchaseanothercruiseticketonline.C.Contactthemforanothercruiseticket. D.Complaintothelocaltourismauthority.2.Whatistheuniqueonlineofferforthisdolphincruise?A.Buy1get1freeforalltickets.B.50%offifreservingticketsinadvance.C.Buy1get1freeifbookingticketsonline.D.Freeticketsforallchildrenandthedisabled.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthedetails?A.Thepriceofthecruiseisveryhigh.B.Therearenotenoughsafetymeasuresontheboat.C.Thedolphincruiseisonlypopularamonglocalpeople.D.Thecruiseprovidescomfortableandenjoyableexperiences.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章通過描述MyrtleBeach的美景和DolphinCruise的優(yōu)點來吸引游客。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“AbouttheDolphinGuarantee”部分的“ThisdolphincruiseistheONLYdolphincruisebackedbyVME’sguarantee.Ifyoudonotseedolphinsonyourcruise,pleasecontactusat1-800-987-9852forticketsforanotherdolphincruisetobetakenwithin7daysofthefirstcruise.(這次海豚巡游是唯一由VME保證支持的海豚巡游。如果您在巡游中沒有看到海豚，請撥打1-800-987-9852聯(lián)系我們，我們將為您提供另一次海豚巡游的票務(wù)，以便在首次巡游后的7天內(nèi)參加)”可知，如果在游輪上沒有看到海豚，可以在一周內(nèi)聯(lián)系他們獲取另一張游輪票。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“Details”部分的“UniqueOnlineOffer:Buy1Get1Free（Mustbookinadvanceonlineortoll-freeat1-800-987-9852）(獨一無二的在線優(yōu)惠：買一送一（必須提前在線預(yù)訂或撥打免費電話1-800-987-9852）)”可知，這個海豚游輪的獨特在線優(yōu)惠是在線預(yù)訂一張票，免費獲得另一張票。故選C項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中“Details”部分的“Largeboatwithcoveredshadearea,air-conditionedencloseddeck,andlargeopensundeck.TwoBathroomsOnBoard(大船帶有遮蔭區(qū)，空調(diào)封閉甲板和大型露天日光浴甲板。船上有兩個衛(wèi)生間)”可知，這艘游輪有覆蓋的陰涼區(qū)域、空調(diào)封閉甲板和大型開放式陽光甲板，還有兩個衛(wèi)生間，可以推斷出游輪提供了舒適和愉快的體驗。故選D項。BItwasverylateandeveryonehadleftthecaféexceptanoldmanwhosatintheshadowtheleavesofthetreemadeagainsttheelectriclight.Inthedaytimethestreetwasdusty,butatnightthedewsettledthedustandtheoldmanlikedtositlatebecausehewasdeafandnowatnightitwasquietandhefeltthedifference.Thetwowaitersinsidethecaféknewthattheoldmanwasalittledrunk,andwhilehewasagoodclienttheyknewthatifhebecametoodrunkhewouldleavewithoutpaying,sotheykeptwatchonhim.“Lastweekhetriedtocommitsuicide,”onewaitersaid.“Why?”“Hewasindespair.”“Whatabout?”“Nothing.”“Howdoyouknowitwasnothing?”“Hehasplentyofmoney.”Theysattogetheratatablethatwascloseagainstthewallnearthedoorofthecaféandlookedattheterrace(露臺)wherethetableswereallemptyexceptwheretheoldmansatintheshadowoftheleavesofthetreethatmovedslightlyinthewind.“Theguardwillpickhimup,”onewaitersaid.“Whatdoesitmatterifhegetswhathe’safter?”“Hehadbettergetoffthestreetnow.Theguardwillgethim.Theywentbyfiveminutesago.”Theoldmansittingintheshadowtappedhissaucerwithhisglass.Theyoungerwaiterwentovertohim.“Whatdoyouwant?”Theoldmanlookedathim.“Anotherbrandy,”hesaid.“You’llbedrunk,”thewaitersaid.Theoldmanlookedathim.Thewaiterwentaway.“He’llstayallnight,”hesaidtohiscolleague.“I’msleepynow.Inevergetintobedbeforethreeo’clock.Heshouldhavekilledhimselflastweek.”Theyoungerwaitertookthebrandybottleandmarchedouttotheoldman’stable.“Youshouldhavekilledyourselflastweek,”hesaidtothedeafman.Theoldmanmotionedwithhisfinger.“Alittlemore,”hesaid.Thewaiterpouredonintotheglass.“Thankyou,”theoldmansaid.Thewaitertookthebottlebackinsidethecafé.Hesatdownatthetablewithhiscolleagueagain.4.Whathappenedtotheoldman?A.Hewasinpovertyanddespair. B.Hewascaughtinalcoholproblem.C.Hehadlosthopeandattemptedsuicide. D.Hewasabandonedbyhisfamily.5.Whydidtheyoungerwaiterwanttoclosethecaféearly?A.Hewantedtosleep. B.Hehadanappointment.C.Hedidn’tliketheoldman. D.Hethoughttheoldmanisdrunk.6.Whatistheyoungerwaiter’sattitudetowardstheoldman?A.Sympathetic. B.Impatient.C.Respectful. D.Moderate.7Thewritingstyleinthisstoryischaracterizedby________.A.complexandambiguousplots B.spareandeconomicallanguageC.vividanddetaileddialogue D.frequentuseofsimiles【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章節(jié)選自海明威的短篇小說AClean,Well-lightedPlace（《一個干凈明亮的地方》），故事圍繞一個孤獨但富有的老人展開，咖啡店的兩位侍者對他的行為好奇而困惑，談?wù)撝噲D自殺的事情。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段““Lastweekhetriedtocommitsuicide,”onewaitersaid.(“上周他試圖自殺，”一名服務(wù)員說。)”和第四段““Hewasindespair.”(“他很絕望。”)”可知，老人失去了希望，企圖自殺。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中這位年輕服務(wù)員所說的話“I’msleepynow.Inevergetintobedbeforethreeo’clock.(我現(xiàn)在困了。三點之前我從來沒有睡過覺。)”可知，年輕侍者想早點打烊是因為他想睡覺。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中和最后一段中這位年輕侍者所說的話“Heshouldhavekilledhimselflastweek.(他上周就該殺了自己)”、“Youshouldhavekilledyourselflastweek(你上周就該殺了自己)”可知，年輕侍者兩次提到希望老人自殺成功。由此可知，他對老人的態(tài)度是不耐煩的。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，比如第一段中“Inthedaytimethestreetwasdusty,butatnightthedewsettledthedustandtheoldmanlikedtositlatebecausehewasdeafandnowatnightitwasquietandhefeltthedifference.(白天，街上滿是灰塵，但到了晚上，露水把灰塵沉淀下來，老人喜歡坐到很晚，因為他是個聾人，現(xiàn)在晚上很安靜，他感到了不同)”、第二至八段的簡短對話可知，文章多使用簡單直接的句子，對話直截了當(dāng)，很少描述細(xì)節(jié)，敘事集中在人物的行為和對話上，沒有過多的描述和修飾。因此，這個故事的寫作風(fēng)格特點是語言簡潔。A.復(fù)雜而模糊的情節(jié)；B.簡潔的語言；C.生動詳細(xì)的對話；D.經(jīng)常使用明喻。故選B項。CChildrenwhowerebehindintheirdevelopmentatage4-5werealmostthreetimesaslikelytohavebeenoutofeducation,employment,ortrainingatage16-17,analysisofpupildatahasfound.4-5-ycar-oldsinEnglandareassessedbytheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileandthosewhoreachtheboundaryofa“goodlevelofdevelopment”areconsidered“schoolready”.ThenewstudyinthejournalBMCPublicHealthhasfoundasignificantgapinNotinEducation,EmploymentorTraining（NEET）outcomesbetweenthosewhowerereadyandunreadyforprimaryschool.Theresearchdrewondatafrommorethan8,000BradfordyoungpeoplewhoserecordsarelinkedaspartoftheConnectedBradfordproject.Theresearchfoundthat11%ofchildrenwhowerenotschoolreadywentontobeNEETat16-17,comparedtojust4%ofchildrenwhowereschoolready.LeadauthorDrMatthewWarburton,ResearchOfficeratLeeds’SchoolofPsychology,said:“Thesefindingstellusthatthereareclear,earlyindicatorsforchildrenandyoungpeoplebeingatriskofdisadvantageinlateadolescence.Asschoolsroutinelycollectthisdata,theresearchcouldbeusedtokickstartearlyinterventioninschoolsbasedonprimaryschoolreadiness.”Theresearchteam,whichalsoincludedacademicsfromLancasterUniversityandtheBradfordInstituteforHealthResearch,saythisshowsaclearneedforearlyinterventionbyschoolstoreducedisadvantageinlaterlife.ThisechoesthemessagefromaseriesofN8ChildoftheNorthandCentreforYoungLivesreportsontheneedtoputchildrenandyoungpeoplefirst.SeniorauthorDrAmyAtkinson,LecturerintheDepartmentofPsychologyatLancasterUniversitysaid:“DatafromtheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileisreadilyavailableformillionsofchildrenandyoungpeopleinEngland.Thisinformationcould,andshould,beusedtoidentifypupilsatincreasedriskofbecomingNEET.”8.WhatdoestheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileprobablydo?A.Recordemploymentstatus. B.Monitorteenagers’progress.C.Evaluateprimaryschoolstudents. D.Assess4-5-year-olds’development.9.WhatdoesDrMatthewimplyaboutthecurrentsituationofschools?A.Theylackdataforearlyintervention. B.Theylackdatatoidentifyat-riskstudents.C.Earlyinterventionisrequired. D.Earlyinterventionhavebeendone.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthedataaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.ItisrarelyusedinEngland. B.ItisnotenoughforidentifyingNEETyouth.C.ItisusedeffectivelyfortheNEETissue. D.ItcansolvetheissueofNEETyouth.11.Thepassageisstructuredinthefollowingway.A.Introducingatopic-Describingrelatedstudies-MakingsuggestionsB.Makingaclaim-Providingevidence-DrawingaconclusionC.Presentingaproblem-Analyzingthecauses-OfferingsolutionsD.Raisingaquestion-Discussingdifferentopinions-Reachinganagreement【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要討論了兒童早期發(fā)展階段評估與其青少年時期是否處于“不在教育、就業(yè)或培訓(xùn)”狀態(tài)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些在4-5歲時未達(dá)到良好發(fā)展水平的孩子，在16-17歲時成為NEET的可能性要高得多。該研究強調(diào)了早期干預(yù)的重要性?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“4-5-year-oldsinEnglandareassessedbytheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfile,andthosewhoreachtheboundaryofa“goodlevelofdevelopment”areconsidered“schoolready”(英格蘭的4-5歲的孩子通過早期基礎(chǔ)階段檔案進(jìn)行評估，那些達(dá)到“良好發(fā)展水平”的孩子被認(rèn)為是“準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)”的)”可知，EarlyYearsFoundationStageProfile是用來評估4-5歲兒童的發(fā)展水平。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“LeadauthorDrMatthewWarburton,ResearchOfficeratLeeds’SchoolofPsychology,said:“Thesefindingstellusthatthereareclear,earlyindicatorsforchildrenandyoungpeoplebeingatriskofdisadvantageinlateadolescence.Asschoolsroutinelycollectthisdata,theresearchcouldbeusedtokickstartearlyinterventioninschoolsbasedonprimaryschoolreadiness.(主要作者利茲大學(xué)心理學(xué)院的研究員馬修·沃伯頓博士說：“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)告訴我們，對于兒童和年輕人來說，在青春期后期面臨不利因素有明確的早期指標(biāo)。由于學(xué)校常規(guī)收集這些數(shù)據(jù)，這項研究可以用來基于小學(xué)入學(xué)準(zhǔn)備啟動學(xué)校的早期干預(yù)。”)”可以推斷出DrMatthew認(rèn)為學(xué)校應(yīng)該實施早期干預(yù)。故選C項?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“DatafromtheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileisreadilyavailableformillionsofchildrenandyoungpeopleinEngland.Thisinformationcould,andshould,beusedtoidentifypupilsatincreasedriskofbecomingNEET.(英格蘭數(shù)百萬兒童和年輕人的早期基礎(chǔ)階段檔案的數(shù)據(jù)很容易獲得。這些信息可以也應(yīng)該用來識別成為NEET風(fēng)險增高的學(xué)生)”可以得知，這些數(shù)據(jù)可以解決NEET問題。故選D項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Childrenwhowerebehindintheirdevelopmentatage4-5werealmostthreetimesaslikelytohavebeenoutofeducation,employment,ortrainingatage16-17,analysisofpupildatahasfound(在4-5歲時發(fā)展落后的兒童，到了16-17歲時，幾乎有三倍的可能性處于無教育、無就業(yè)或無培訓(xùn)的狀態(tài)，對小學(xué)生數(shù)據(jù)的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一點)”、第二段“4-5-year-oldsinEnglandareassessedbytheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfile,andthosewhoreachtheboundaryofa“goodlevelofdevelopment”areconsidered“schoolready”(英格蘭的4-5歲的孩子通過早期基礎(chǔ)階段檔案進(jìn)行評估，那些達(dá)到“良好發(fā)展水平”的孩子被認(rèn)為是“準(zhǔn)備好上學(xué)”的)”、第四段“LeadauthorDrMatthewWarburton,ResearchOfficeratLeeds’SchoolofPsychology,said:“Thesefindingstellusthatthereareclear,earlyindicatorsforchildrenandyoungpeoplebeingatriskofdisadvantageinlateadolescence.Asschoolsroutinelycollectthisdata,theresearchcouldbeusedtokickstartearlyinterventioninschoolsbasedonprimaryschoolreadiness.(主要作者利茲大學(xué)心理學(xué)院的研究員馬修·沃伯頓博士說：“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)告訴我們，對于兒童和年輕人來說，在青春期后期面臨不利因素有明確的早期指標(biāo)。由于學(xué)校常規(guī)收集這些數(shù)據(jù)，這項研究可以用來基于小學(xué)入學(xué)準(zhǔn)備啟動學(xué)校的早期干預(yù)?！?”以及最后一段“DatafromtheEarlyYearsFoundationStageProfileisreadilyavailableformillionsofchildrenandyoungpeopleinEngland.Thisinformationcould,andshould,beusedtoidentifypupilsatincreasedriskofbecomingNEET.(英格蘭數(shù)百萬兒童和年輕人的早期基礎(chǔ)階段檔案的數(shù)據(jù)很容易獲得。這些信息可以也應(yīng)該用來識別成為NEET風(fēng)險增高的學(xué)生)”可知，文章首先介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)（即兒童早期發(fā)展?fàn)顩r與后來是否成為NEET之間的關(guān)聯(lián)），然后描述了相關(guān)研究的細(xì)節(jié)，最后提出建議（即利用現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行早期干預(yù)）。因此，選項A“Introducingatopic-Describingrelatedstudies-Makingsuggestions(引入話題-描述相關(guān)研究-提出建議)”符合文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A項。DResearcherssaythey’veusedcutting-edgegravitationalwaveresearchtocastnewlightonamystery—a2000-year-oldcomputer,theAntikytheramechanismfoundinshipwreck.Welloveracenturyafteritsdiscovery,researchersattheUniversityofGlasgowsaythey’veusedstatisticalmodelingtechniques,originallydesignedtoanalyzegravitationalwaves—ripplesinspacetimecausedbymajoreventsintheuniversesuchastwoblackholescombining—tosuggestthattheAntikytheramechanismwaslikelyusedtotracktheGreeklunaryear.Inshort,it’safascinatingcollisionbetweenmodern-dayscienceandthemysteriesofanancientartifact.Ina2021paper,researchersfoundthatpreviouslydiscoveredandregularlyspacedholesina“calendarring”weremarkedtodescribethe“motionsofthesun,moon,andallfiveplanetsknowninancientGreeksandhowtheyweredisplayedatthefrontasanancientGreekuniverse.”Now,inanewstudypublishedintheOfficialJournaloftheBritishHorologicalInstitute,UniversityofGlasgowgravitationalwaveresearcherGrahamWoanandresearchassociateJosephBayleysuggestthattheringwaslikelyperforated(打孔)with354holes,whichhappenstobethenumberofdaysinalunaryear.Theteamusedstatisticalmodelsderivedfromgravitationalwaveresearch,alarge-scalephysicsexperimentdesignedtomeasureripplesinspacetimemillionsoflight-yearsfromEarthandBayesiananalysis,atechniqueusingprobabilitytoquantifyuncertaintybasedonincompletedata,tocalculatethelikelynumberofholesinthemechanismusingthepositionsofthesurvivingholesandtheplacementofthering’ssurvivingsixfragments.Surprisingly,theinspirationforthestudycamefromaYouTuberChrisBudiselic,whohasbeenattemptingtophysicallyrecreatetheancientmechanismandinvestigatingwaystodeterminejusthowmanyholesitcontained.“It’saneatsymmetrythatwe’veadaptedtechniquesweusetostudytheuniversetodaytounderstandmoreaboutamechanismthathelpedpeoplekeeptrackoftheheavensnearlytwomillenniaago,”Woansaid.“WehopethatourfindingsabouttheAntikytheramechanism,althoughlesssupernaturallyspectacularthanthosemadebyIndianaJones,willhelpdeepenourunderstandingofhowthisremarkabledevicewasmadeandusedbytheGreeks,”Woansadded.12.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofthestatisticalmodelingtechniques?A.TostudytheAntikytheramechanism. B.Toinvestigateancientartifacts.C.TotracktheGreeklunaryear. D.Toanalyzegravitationalwaves.13.Howdidtheresearcherscalculatethelikelynumberofholesinthemechanism?A.ByusingstatisticalmodelsandBayesiananalysis.B.Byobservingthemechanismdirectly.C.ByaskingYouTuberChrisBudiselic.D.Byobservingthephysicalrecreationofthemechanism.14.Theunderlinedterm“Bayesiananalysis”inparagraph4refertoatechnique.A.torecreateanancientmechanism.B.tomeasureripplesinspacetime.C.tocalculateuncertaintybasedoninsufficientdata.D.tocalculatethepositionsofthesurvivingholes.15.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Modernsciencewasideallycombinedwithanancientartifact.B.TheAntikytheramechanismwasdiscoveredinashipwreck.C.ThemysteryoftheAntikytheramechanismremainsunsolved.D.GravitationalwaveresearchrevealedtheAntikytheramechanismt.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了研究人員利用引力波研究中的統(tǒng)計建模技術(shù)來研究古老的安提基特拉機(jī)械。【12題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ResearchersattheUniversityofGlasgowsaythey’veusedstatisticalmodelingtechniques,originallydesignedtoanalyzegravitationalwaves(格拉斯哥大學(xué)的研究人員表示，他們使用了統(tǒng)計建模技術(shù)，該技術(shù)最初是為分析引力波而設(shè)計的)”可知，統(tǒng)計建模技術(shù)的最初目的是分析引力波，故選D項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Theteamusedstatisticalmodelsderivedfromgravitationalwaveresearch...andBayesiananalysis...tocalculatethelikelynumberofholesinthemechanism(該團(tuán)隊使用了源自引力波研究的統(tǒng)計模型和貝葉斯分析來計算該機(jī)械中可能的孔洞數(shù)量)”可知，研究人員通過使用統(tǒng)計模型和貝葉斯分析來計算機(jī)械中可能的孔洞數(shù)量，故選A項?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段劃線詞后句子“atechniqueusingprobabilitytoquantifyuncertaintybasedonincompletedata(一種基于不完整數(shù)據(jù)使用概率來量化不確定性的技術(shù))”可知，“Bayesiananalysis”指的是一種基于不充分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)計算不確定性的技術(shù)，故選C項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Researcherssaythey’veusedcutting-edgegravitationalwaveresearchtocastnewlightonamystery---a2000-year-oldcomputer,theAntikytheramechanismfoundinshipwreck.(研究人員表示，他們利用尖端的引力波研究為一個謎團(tuán)——在沉船中發(fā)現(xiàn)的有2000年歷史的計算機(jī)，即安提基特拉機(jī)械——揭開了新的篇章。)”、第二段“ResearchersattheUniversityofGlasgowsaythey’veusedstatisticalmodelingtechniques,originallydesignedtoanalyzegravitationalwaves(格拉斯哥大學(xué)的研究人員表示，他們使用了統(tǒng)計建模技術(shù)，該技術(shù)最初是為分析引力波而設(shè)計的)”、第四段“Bayesiananalysis,atechniqueusingprobabilitytoquantifyuncertaintybasedonincompletedata(貝葉斯分析，一種基于不完整數(shù)據(jù)使用概率來量化不確定性的技術(shù))”以及最后一段““WehopethatourfindingsabouttheAntikytheramechanism,althoughlesssupernaturallyspectacularthanthosemadebyIndianaJones,willhelpdeepenourunderstandingofhowthisremarkabledevicewasmadeandusedbytheGreeks,”Woansadded.(“我們希望我們對安提基特拉機(jī)械的發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然不像印第安納·瓊斯的發(fā)現(xiàn)那樣超自然壯觀，但能幫助我們加深對這一非凡設(shè)備如何被希臘人制造和使用的理解?！盬oan補充說。)”可知，文章開篇介紹了研究人員利用引力波研究來研究古老的安提基特拉機(jī)械，接著具體說明了研究過程和方法，所以文章的主要內(nèi)容是引力波研究揭示了安提基特拉機(jī)械原理，故選D項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。LookbackafewhundredyearsandchillieswerenowheretobefoundinChina.UnlikeSichuanpeppers,whicharenativetotheregionandwidelyused,chillieswerebroughttoChinafromtheAmericasbyPortugueseandDutchexplorersonlyinthe16thcentury.____16____Foratleast50years,theyweregrownasdecorativeplants,prizedfortheircheerfullybrightcolourandtinywhiteflowers,andoccasionallyusedasmedicinalherbs.DuringChina’slastimperialperiod,peasantsinGuizhouprovincestartedusingthemasasaltalternative.____17____ThepeppersteadilyspreadtootherruralregionsofChina.____18____Foralongtime,“l(fā)a”wasusedtodescribevicious-natured(性情惡毒的)people,andthefewpeoplewhoenjoyedchilliesdidnotboosttheirtaste.ButtheCommunistrevolutionchangedthat.Thechefsofnobleswereoutoffavour,andtheirtraditionsdiscontinued.____19____Industrialisationaftertherevolutioncreatedthelargestmigrationinhumanhistory.____20____Chilliesarenowintegratedintostreetfood,finediningandsnacksinregionswithlittletraditionofheat.A.Atfirst,nobodyatechillies.B.However,Chillieswererarelygrowninitially.C.Fromthere,anewflavourwasunlocked.D.Andthen,chilliesgainedagreatpopularity.E.Fromthenon,chilliesbecameasymbolofworkingclass.F.However,thestrongflavorbarreditfromgettingnearthetablesofupper-classfamilies.G.Millionsofmigrantspouredintobigcities,bringingwiththemthespicyflavoursofhome.【答案】16.A17.C18.F19.E20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了辣椒在中國的歷史和發(fā)展。辣椒最初是從美洲傳入中國的，起初只是作為觀賞植物和草藥，后來逐漸被用作調(diào)味品，并在中國各地廣泛傳播。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Foratleast50years,theyweregrownasdecorativeplants,prizedfortheircheerfullybrightcolourandtinywhiteflowers,andoccasionallyusedasmedicinalherbs.(至少有50年的時間，辣椒被當(dāng)作觀賞植物種植，因其鮮艷的顏色和小白花而受到珍視，偶爾也被用作草藥。)”可知，辣椒最初并不是作為食物被食用的，而是作為觀賞植物和草藥，這與A項“Atfirst,nobodyatechillies.(起初，沒有人吃辣椒。)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選A項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“DuringChina’slastimperialperiod,peasantsinGuizhouprovincestartedusingthemasasaltalternative.(在中國最后一個帝國時期，貴州省的農(nóng)民開始將辣椒作為鹽的替代品。)”可知，辣椒開始被用作調(diào)味品，這與C項“Fromthere,anewflavourwasunlocked.(自此，一種新的味道被解鎖。)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選C項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Foralongtime,“l(fā)a”wasusedtodescribevicious-naturedpeople,andthefewpeoplewhoenjoyedchilliesdidnotboosttheirtaste.(很長一段時間里，“辣”被用來形容性情惡毒的人，而那些喜歡辣椒的人并沒有提升他們的口味。)”可知，因為“辣”被用來形容性情惡毒的人，可推理出辣椒在上層階級的餐桌上并不受歡迎，這與F項“However,thestrongflavorbarreditfromgettingnearthetablesofupper-classfamilies.(然而，濃烈的味道使它無法接近上層家庭的餐桌。)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選F項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Industrialisationaftertherevolutioncreatedthelargestmigrationinhumanhistory.(革命后的工業(yè)化創(chuàng)造了人類歷史上最大規(guī)模的遷移。)”以及“Chilliesarenowintegratedintostreetfood,finediningandsnacksinregionswithlittletraditionofheat.(辣椒現(xiàn)在被融入街頭小吃、美食和零食中，在那些幾乎沒有辣味傳統(tǒng)的地區(qū)也是如此。)”可知，越來越多地普通民眾接觸到了辣椒，這與E項“Fromthenon,chilliesbecameasymbolofworkingclass.(從那時起，辣椒成為了工人階級的象征。)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選E項?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Industrialisationaftertherevolutioncreatedthelargestmigrationinhumanhistory.(革命后的工業(yè)化創(chuàng)造了人類歷史上最大規(guī)模的遷移。)”以及下文“Chilliesarenowintegratedintostreetfood,finediningandsnacksinregionswithlittletraditionofheat.(辣椒現(xiàn)在被融入街頭小吃、美食和零食中，在那些幾乎沒有辣味傳統(tǒng)的地區(qū)也是如此。)”可知，大量移民涌入大城市，帶來了家鄉(xiāng)的辛辣口味，這與G項“Millionsofmigrantspouredintobigcities,bringingwiththemthespicyflavoursofhome.(數(shù)百萬移民涌入大城市，帶來了家鄉(xiāng)的辛辣口味。)”表達(dá)的含義一致，故選G項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。GrowingupinpovertyinruralKenya,NellyCheboiwatchedhersinglemotherworktirelesslysoshecouldattendschool.Fromanearlyage,sherealizedthatherfamily,alongwithotherslikehersintheirvillage,was____21____acyclethatleftthemlittlehope.Cheboiattendedcollege.____22____ascholarshipintheUnitedStates,workedoddjobstosupportherfamily,anddiscoveredher____23____forcomputerscience.She____24____thesuccessinfindingjobstohercomputerliteracy.Sheknewshewantedtoshareitwithher___25___backhome.Today,she’sgiving4,000kidsthechancefora____26____futurethroughhernonprofit,TechLitAfrica.Theorganizationusesrecycled____27____tocreatetechnologylabsinschoolsinruralKenya.In2018,shebegan____28____recycledcomputers.Shestartedsmall,carryingthemachinestoKenyaand____29____customsfeesandtaxesherself.TechLitAfricanowworkswithshippingcompaniesto____30____thedonatedcomputerssoit’smorecost____31____.Thedonatedhardwareis____32____topartnerschoolsinruralKenya,wherestudentsaged4to12receivedailyclassesand____33____opportunitiesfromprofessionalsandgainskillsthatwillhelpimprovetheireducationandpreparethemforfuturejobs.“MyhopeisthatwhenthefirstTechLitkidsgraduatefromhighschool,they’reabletogetajobonline____34____theywillknowhowtocode,”Cheboisaid.“Theworldisyouroysterwhenyouareeducated.Bybringingtheresources,bybringingtheseskills,weare____35____theworldtothem.”21.A.stuckin B.appliedto C.strickenby D.prohibitedfrom22.A.beyond B.on C.against D.for23.A.appreciation B.inspiration C.passion D.attraction24.A.praised B.credited C.strengthened D.admitted25.A.family B.friends C.colleagues D.community26.A.challenging B.transforming C.brighter D.nearer27.A.computers B.textbooks C.materials D.wastes28.A.programming B.studying C.purchasing D.accepting29.A.cutting B.handling C.collecting D.charging30.A.transplant B.translate C.transport D.transform31.A.efficient B.rewarding C.accessible D.reliable32.A.attached B.committed C.contributed D.distributed33.A.rare B.frequent C.unique D.equal34.A.because B.before C.unless D.though35A.integratinginto B.turningon C.openingup D.adaptingto【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.B25.D26.C27.A28.D29.B30.C31.A32.D33.B34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了尼莉·切博伊通過她的非營利組織TechLitAfrica為肯尼亞農(nóng)村的孩子們創(chuàng)造更加美好的未來?！?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：從小她意識到她的家庭和村里其他家庭陷入了一個讓他們沒有什么希望的惡性循環(huán)。A.stuckin困于；B.appliedto適用于；C.strickenby受……打擊；D.prohibitedfrom被禁止……。根據(jù)后文的“thatleftthemlittlehope”可知，他們沒有什么希望，即他們受困于這個貧窮的惡性循環(huán)。故選A項。【22題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：Cheboi依靠獎學(xué)金在美國讀大學(xué)，打零工養(yǎng)家，并發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己對計算機(jī)科學(xué)的熱情。A.beyond超出；B.on在……上；C.against反對；D.for為了。根據(jù)前文的“GrowingupinpovertyinruralKenya,NellyCheboiwatchedhersinglemotherworktirelesslysoshecouldattendschool.