黑龍江省八校2025屆高三英語上學(xué)期摸底試題含解析

PAGEPAGE27黑龍江省八校2025屆高三英語上學(xué)期摸底試題（含解析）留意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，請將本試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第Ⅰ卷第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C.1.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Thereisalotofschoolworktodo.B.It'stooearlytopickupthekids.C.Helikestheearlydrop-offtime.2.WhereisSuenow?A.AtBill'shome.B.Intheoffice.C.Inthehospital.3.Whatwillthewomanprobablydotonight?A.Stayathome.B.Gotothemovie.C.Attendameeting.4.Howmuchdoesitcostfortwopictures?A.$3.B.$5.C.$6.5.Whatistheman?A.Apostman.B.Asalesman.C.Apoliceman.其次節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至8題。6.Whatisthewoman?A.Atravelagent.B.Areceptionist.C.Asecretary.7.WhenwillthemanleaveforLosAngeles?A.July12.B.July17.C.July27.8.Howmuchdoesaroundtripcost?A.$175.B.$700.C.$350.聽第7段材料，回答第9至11題。9.WhatdoesSharon'sfatherthinkimportant?A.Enjoyinglife.B.Livingoutdreams.C.Makingmoney.10.WhatdoesSharonwanttobe?A.Aflightattendant.B.Abusinesswoman.C.Abusinesslawyer.11.WhatmakesSharonunhappy?A.Schooleducation.B.Parents'expectation.C.Futureemployment.聽第8段材料，回答第12至14題。12.WhatdidNeilwatchonTVlastweekend?A.Murdersontrains.B.Viewsfromatrainride.C.Citiesconnectedbytrains.13.Howlongwastheprogram?A.Twohours.B.Fivehours.C.Sevenhours.14.WhatdoesNeilthinkoftheprogram?A.Relaxing.B.Dull.C.Stressful.聽第9段材料，回答第15至17題。15.WhyisthebookcalledLearningaLanguageoverEggsandToast?A.Itteachesdiningmanners.B.Itsuggestslearningregularly.C.Itcallsforabalanceddiet.16.WhydoesthewomanconsiderDr.Adams'ideasalittlesimple?A.Sheneverlearnsalanguageoverbreakfast.B.Shefeelsitdifficulttomasteralanguage.C.SheisanadvancedlearnerinSpanish.17.AccordingtoDr.Adams,whatshouldbethegoalforlearnerslearninganewlanguage?A.Tocommunicatewithotherspeakers.B.Toacquiretheabilitytouseit.C.Tohavenativefluency.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhyisvolunteeringsocommoninAmerica?A.Itisrequiredbythegovernment.B.Itispartofpeople'slife.C.Itisgoodforfuturejobs.19.Whatdohighschoolstudentsusuallydoforsickchildren?A.Bringthemmeals.B.Raisemoney.C.Helpthemstudy.20.Howdoschoolsandcommunitygroupsrespondtoadisaster?A.Byprovidingvictimswithreliefsupplies.B.Bysendingvolunteerstodisasterstrickenareas.C.Byorganizingvictimstohelpthemselves.其次部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。AFourBookstoresWorthVisitingAroundtheWorld◆WordontheWaterLondon,EnglandThisfloatingbookstoreintheRegent'sCanalisknownas"TheLondonBookbarge".Formerlymobile,ithasnowfoundapermanenthomewherevisitorscanbrowseallyearround,warmthemselvesupbyawood-burningfireinthewinterandenjoytheperformancesofmusicandpoetryontherooftopstageinthesummer.+447976886982,s://atlasobscura◆ELAteneoGrandSplendidBuenosAires,ArgentinaThistheater-turned-cinema-turned-bookstoreisanexampleoftheconnectionbetweentheperformingartsandbooks.Itpreservesthetraditionalceilingandspecialcurtainsoftheformertheaterandbookslinethewalls,includingwheretheaudienceoncesatinboxseats.+541148136052,s://atlasobscura◆KayCraddockAntiquarianBooksellerMelbourne,AustraliaThisshopsellsonlyantiqueandsecond-handbooks.Visitorscansearchforthestrangecollectionofowlfigurines(貓頭鷹雕像)scatteredthroughoutortheycancheckouttheshelvestofindclassics，suchasacollectionbyJaneAustenprintedin1833sellingfor＄15,000.+61(0)396548506,s://kaycraddock◆ZhongshugeBookstoreHangzhou,ChinaEachlocationofthisChinesebookstorechainisarchitecturallyunique,butthelocationinHangzhoustandsout.Stairsandseatsbuiltintoroundbookshelvescombinedwithmirroredceilingsgivetheopticalillusion(視覺幻象)ofcountlessbooks.Otheropticalillusionsincludeatunnelofbooksandwhatappearstobealongrollercoasterofbooksinthechildren'sbookroom.+86057188003279s://weibo/676618991.Toappreciatepoetryshows,you'lldial___________.A.+541148136052 B.+447976886982C.+61(0)396548506 D.+860571880032792.Whichofthefollowingoncehaddifferentfunctions?A.WordontheWater. B.ZhongshugeBookstore.C.ELAteneoGrandSplendid. D.KayCraddockAntiquarianBookseller.3.WhatistheChinesebookstorementionedabovefamousfor?A.Itsspecialdesigns. B.Itsfloatinglocations.C.Itsperformingarts. D.Itssecond-handclassics.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四家值得一游的書店，簡要地講解并描述了它們的特點和聯(lián)系方式。【1題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞poetryshows可將答案定位到小標(biāo)題WordontheWater下面。依據(jù)第一段中的“Formerlymobile,ithasnowfoundapermanenthomewherevisitorscanbrowseallyearround,warmthemselvesupbyawood-burningfireinthewinterandenjoytheperformancesofmusicandpoetryontherooftopstageinthesummer.”和“+447976886982,s://atlasobscura”可知，在這家書店游客可以在這里一年四季閱讀，冬天可以在燒柴的爐火旁取暖，夏天可以在屋頂舞臺上觀賞音樂和詩歌的表演，所以要觀賞詩歌表演，可以撥打+447976886982。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的句子“Thistheater-turned-cinema-turned-bookstoreisanexampleoftheconnectionbetweentheperformingartsandbooks.”可知，ELAteneoGrandSplendid這家書店曾經(jīng)是劇院和電影院，最終才變成書店，它是把藝術(shù)表演和書籍聯(lián)系起來的例子，表明ELAteneoGrandSplendid這家書店曾經(jīng)擁有多種功能（劇院和電影院）。故選C項。【3題詳解】推理推斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Chinesebookstore可將答案定位在最終一個小標(biāo)題ZhongshugeBookstore下。由最終一段中的句子“EachlocationofthisChinesebookstorechainisarchitecturallyunique,butthelocationinHangzhoustandsout.Stairsandseatsbuiltintoroundbookshelvescombinedwithmirroredceilingsgivetheopticalillusion(視覺幻象)ofcountlessbooks.”可知，這家中國連鎖書店的每個位置在建筑上都是獨一無二的，但杭州的這家書店在建筑上卻很突出，因為圓形書架上的樓梯和座椅，再加上鏡面天花板，給人一種不計其數(shù)的書的視覺錯覺（視覺幻象），可以推斷出這家中國書店因其特別的設(shè)計而著名。故選A項。BRegardedasoneoftheEnglishlanguage’smostgiftedpoets,JohnKeatswrotepoetrythatconcentratedonimagery,humannature,andphilosophy(哲學(xué)).AlthoughKeatsdidn’treceivemuchformalliteraryeducation,hisownstudiesandpassionbroughthimmuchsuccess.Additionally,hisownlifesituationinfluencedhispoetrygreatly.GrowingupasayoungboyinLondoninalowermiddle-classfamily,theyoungJohndidn’tattendaprivateschool,butwenttoapublicone.Histeachersandhisfamily’sfriendsregardedhimasanoptimisticboywhofavoredplayingandfightingmuchmorethanmindinghisstudies.Afterhisfather’sdeathintheearly1800s,followedbyhismother’spassingduetotuberculosis(肺結(jié)核),hebeganviewinglifedifferently.Hewantedtoescapetheworldanddidsobyreadinganythinghecouldgethishandson.Ataroundtheageof16,theteenageJohnKeatsbeganstudyingunderasurgeonsothathetoomightbecomeadoctor.However,hisliteraryappetitehadtakentoomuchofhisfancy,especiallywithhisaddictiontothepoetryofEhmundSpenser.HewasabletohavehisfirstfullpoempublishedintheExaminerin1816,entitledOSolitude!IfIMustWithTheeDwell.Withintwomonthsin1817,Keatshadwrittenanentirevolumeofpoetry,butwassharplycriticized(指責(zé))byamagazine.However,thenegativeresponsedidn’tstophisloveofrhythm(韻律).JohnKeats’nextworkwasEndymion,whichwaspublishedinMay1818.Thestoryinvolvesashepherdwhofallsinlovewiththemoongoddessandleadshimonanadventureofoneboy’shopetoovercomethelimitationsofbeinghuman.FollowingEndymion,however,hetriedsomethingmorenarrative-based(敘事體的)andwroteIsabella.Duringthistime,JohnKeatsbeganseeinghislimitationsinpoetryduetohisownlimitinlifeexperiences.Hewouldhavetohavethe“knowledge”associatedwithhispoems.HisnextworkwasHyperionthatwouldattempttocombineallthathelearned.However,about(發(fā)作)withtuberculosiswhilevisitingItalywouldkeephimfromhisworkandeventuallytakehislifein1821.4.JohnKeats’attitudetowardslifechangedbecauseof.A.hisearlyeducationfromschool B.thedeathsofhisparentsC.EdmundSpenser’spoetry D.thecriticismofamagazine5.WhatisthecommonthingbetweenJohnKeatsandhismother?A.Theyreadmanybooks. B.Theyhadabadchildhood.C.Theydiedofthesamedisease. D.Theyshowedstronginterestinpoetry.6.Whiletryingtoachievehisdreamofbecomingapoetfirst,JohnKeatswas.A.determined B.experiencedC.knowledgeable D.impatient7.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.Keatsreceivedlittleeducationatschool.B.Endymionwasaboutareallovestory.C.In1816Keatsspenttwomonthswritingapoem.D.Keatsoncehadachanceofbecomingadoctor.【答案】4.B5.C6.A7.D【解析】文章主要講解并描述了約翰濟(jì)慈在詩歌方面取得的成就。【4題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段Afterhisfather’sdeathintheearly1800s,followedbyhismother’spassingduetotuberculosis(肺結(jié)核),hebeganviewinglifedifferently.Hewantedtoescapetheworldanddidsobyreadinganythinghecouldgethishandson.可知他對待人生的看法發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變是在他父母去世后。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段followedbyhismother’spassingduetotuberculosis(肺結(jié)核)可知他的母親死于肺結(jié)核，再依據(jù)文章最終一句話However,about(發(fā)作)withtuberculosiswhilevisitingItalywouldkeephimfromhisworkandeventuallytakehislifein1821.可知他也死于肺結(jié)核。故選C?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段AlthoughKeatsdidn’treceivemuchformalliteraryeducation,hisownstudiesandpassionbroughthimmuchsuccess.Additionally,hisownlifesituationinfluencedhispoetrygreatly.可知是他自己的學(xué)習(xí)和熱忱使他在詩歌方面取得取得了巨大的勝利，再依據(jù)后幾段的內(nèi)容可知無論家庭遭受變故還是自己受到指責(zé)，thenegativeresponsedidn’tstophisloveofrhythm(韻律).所以可以得出他是意志力堅決的人。故選A?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段Ataroundtheageof16,theteenageJohnKeatsbeganstudyingunderasurgeonsothathetoomightbecomeadoctor.可知濟(jì)慈曾經(jīng)學(xué)過醫(yī)。依據(jù)第一段AlthoughKeatsdidn’treceivemuchformalliteraryeducation，可知他沒有接受過正規(guī)的文學(xué)教化，但不是沒上過學(xué)。所以A錯誤。依據(jù)最終一段JohnKeats’nextworkwasEndymion,whichwaspublishedinMay1818.Thestoryinvolvesashepherdwhofallsinlovewiththemoongoddessandleadshimonanadventureofoneboy’shopetoovercomethelimitationsofbeinghuman.可知Endymion不是真實的愛情故事。依據(jù)第三段可知1816年他發(fā)表了詩歌，1817年的兩個月中不斷受到指責(zé)，所以C錯誤，屬于張冠李戴。故選D。CWhenyoureallyloveabook,orhavejustscoredanewonethatyou’redyingtoread,itcanbeexcitingtopickupasmooth,shinyhardcovercopythatcreaksalittlebitwhenyouopenit.Butthosehardcoverbookscanbeheavy,andnewonesaren’tcheap,either.Sometimes,you’djustratherhaveaportablepaperback—butifit’sanewbookyou’reafter,youmighthavetowaitafullyearorsotogetitinpaperbackform.Whyarebooksreleasedashardcoversfirst?Notsolongago,hardcoverbooksweretheonlytypeofbooks.Beforetheappearanceofmassproduction,printrunswerelimited,andbookswerehard-boundandexpensive.Aroundthe1930s,thatchangedwiththeproductionofmass-producedpaperbackbooks,whichconsistedwithahugesurgeinreadingasaleisureactivityaroundWorldWarII.Paperbackbooksweremoreaffordableandcheapertoproduce,whichstillholdstruetoday.Despitetheseemingadvantagesofpaperbacks,thereareseveralreasonswhythehardcoverhaspersisted.Becauseofitshistory,itconveysabitmorelegitimacy(正統(tǒng)性)inthebookworldthanthepaperbackdoes.”Thehardbackisamarkofquality…itshowsbooksellersandreviewersthatthisisabookworthpayingattentionto,”PhilipJones,editorattheBookseller,explainstoTheGuardian.Butthemajorreasonwhybookscomeoutashardeoversisthatpeoplebuythem,despitetheirhighercost.TheEconomistcomparesittomoviesbeingreleasedintheatersseveralmonthsbeforetheyarriveonDVD.“Justasfilmfansliketoseefilmsonthebigscreen,collectorsenjoythehardback’ssuperiorquality,”accordingtoTheEconomist.Andbecausethey’reprofitable,publisherscangainmorefromhardcovers,which“willoftensellattwicethepriceoftheirpaperbackequivalentbutdonotcosttwiceasmuchtoproduce,”Jonesexplains.8.Whatcanwelearnabouthardcoverbooksfromparagraph1?A.Theyappealtorealbook-lovers. B.Theyareheavybutnotexpensive.C.Theytakealongtimetocomeout. D.Theyarenotpreferredbybook-lovers.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surge”inparagraph2mean?A.Drop. B.Success. C.Blow. D.Increase.10.Whyarehardbackbooksstillprintedtoday?A.Theyarebrilliantlyedited. B.Theyareworthcollecting.C.Theyconveycorrectinformation. D.Theysellbetterthanpaperbacks.11.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroducehardcoverbooks. B.Topresentanewsocialfinding.C.Toexplainaconfusingproblem. D.Toencouragepeopletoreadbooks.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。精裝書比平裝書更貴，但是為什么書籍首先以精裝書的形式發(fā)行呢？文章主要就此現(xiàn)象說明白精裝書和平裝書演化的歷史，以及如今仍印刷精裝書的緣由。【8題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中Whenyoureallyloveabook,orhavejustscoredanewonethatyou’redyingtoread,itcanbeexcitingtopickupasmooth,shinyhardcovercopythatcreaksalittlebitwhenyouopenit.可知當(dāng)你真的很喜愛一本書，或者剛剛得到一本你特別想讀的新書時，拿起一本光滑、閃亮的精裝書是一件令人興奮的事情，當(dāng)你打開它的時候，它會吱吱作響。由此可知，精裝書吸引了真正的圖書愛好者。故選A?！?題詳解】詞義揣測題。依據(jù)劃線詞上文Aroundthe1930s,thatchangedwiththeproductionofmass-producedpaperbackbooks以及后文inreadingasaleisureactivityaroundWorldWarII可知大約在20世紀(jì)30年頭，隨著大量生產(chǎn)的平裝書的生產(chǎn)，加上在其次次世界大戰(zhàn)前后，將閱讀作為一種休閑活動的人數(shù)量增多了，所以都是精裝書的狀況發(fā)生了改變。由此可知，劃線詞意思為“增加”。A.Drop.落下；B.Success.勝利；C.Blow.吹；D.Increase.增加。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Justasfilmfansliketoseefilmsonthebigscreen,collectorsenjoythehardback’ssuperiorquality,”accordingtoTheEconomist.可知《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》稱：“就像影迷喜愛在大屏幕上看電影一樣，保藏者也喜愛精裝書的高品質(zhì)?！庇纱丝芍?，精裝書到今日還在印刷，因為它們值得保藏。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終一句Whyarebooksreleasedashardcoversfirst?可知為什么書籍首先以精裝書的形式發(fā)行？結(jié)合文章說明白精裝書比平裝書更貴，但是為什么書籍首先以精裝書的形式發(fā)行呢？文章主要就此現(xiàn)象說明白精裝書和平裝書演化的歷史，以及如今仍印刷精裝書的緣由。由此可推知，這篇文章的主要目的是為了說明一個令人困惑的問題。故選C。DNeverplaygameswithabot(robot)—itwillfindawaytocheatifitcan.AteamfromOpenAI,anartificialintelligencelabinSanFrancisco,hasdevelopedartificiallyintelligentbotsthattaughtthemselvestocooperatebyplayinghide-and-seek.Thebotsalsolearnedhowtousebasictoolstohelpthemwin.BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteam-baseddynamicsoftheOpenAIFivecouldbeusedtoproduceskillsthatcouldonedaybeusefultohumans.Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated(模擬的)environmentfilledwithfixedwalls,movableboxesandladders,andleftthemtoplayteamgamesofhide-and-seek.Thebotseachhadtheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn’tcommunicatewitheachotherdirectly.Atfirst,thehiderssimplyranaway.Buttheysoonworkedoutthatthequickestwaytostoptheseekerswastofindobjectsintheenvironmenttohidethemselvesfromview.Theseekerslearnedthattheycouldmoveboxesaroundandusethemtoclimboverwalls.Thebotsthendiscoveredthatbeingateam-player-passingobjectstoeachotherorcooperatingonahideout-wasthequickestwaytowin.Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.Seekersfoundthatiftheypushedaladdertowardsawall,theycouldlaunchthemselvesintotheairandspothidersfromabove.Hidersfoundthattheycouldgetridoftheladdersbypushingthemaside.ItshowsthatAIsareabletofindsolutionsthathumansmiss,saysBaker.“Maybethey’llevenbeabletosolveproblemsthathumansdon’tyetknowhowto.”However,itisalargeleap(跳動)fromvirtualhideandseektorealproblem-solving.“Themainlimitationisthatitisinsimulation,”saysChelseaFinnatStanfordUniversity.12.WhydidBowenandhiscolleaguesconducttheresearch?A.Toteachbotstoplaygames. B.Totrainbotstousebasictools.C.Tofindifbotsmaycheatlikehumans. D.Toseethepotentialofrobotscooperation.13.What’sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thetoolsoftheresearch. B.Thedesignoftheresearch.C.Thecompetitorsofthegame. D.Theenvironmentofthegame.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Passingobjects. B.Movingboxesaround.C.Makinguseoffaults. D.Hidingthemselvesfromview.15.WhatdoesChelseathinkofthefindingoftheresearch?A.ItcanbridgeagapintheAIresearch. B.Itwillnotbeinfluencedbytherealworld.C.Itwilldefinitelyhelptherealproblem-solving. D.Itmaynotberealizedoutofthevirtualworld.【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白來自舊金山人工智能試驗室OpenAI的一個團(tuán)隊開發(fā)出了通過玩捉迷藏自學(xué)合作的人工智能機器人，這些機器人還學(xué)會了如何運用基本工具來幫助自己獲勝。文章介紹了他們進(jìn)行這項探討的緣由、他們的探討設(shè)計和探討結(jié)果表明機器人利用問題或缺陷能夠找到人類所忽視的解決方案?！?2題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteam-baseddynamicsoftheOpenAIFivecouldbeusedtoproduceskillsthatcouldonedaybeusefultohumans.可知OpenAI的BowenBaker和他的同事們想看看OpenAI5的團(tuán)隊合作實力能否被用來產(chǎn)生將來對人類有用的技能。由此可知，Bowen和他的同事進(jìn)行這項探討，是為了看機器人合作的潛力。故選D。【13題詳解】主旨大意題。依據(jù)第三段Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated(模擬的)environmentfilledwithfixedwalls,movableboxesandladders,andleftthemtoplayteamgamesofhide-and-seek.Thebotseachhadtheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn’tcommunicatewitheachotherdirectly.可知探討人員將他們的機器人置于一個充溢固定墻壁、可移動的盒子和梯子的模擬環(huán)境中，讓它們玩團(tuán)隊捉迷藏嬉戲。每個機器人都有自己的世界觀，不能干脆與對方溝通。由此可知，第三段主要講了探討設(shè)計。故選B。【14題詳解】詞義揣測題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.Seekersfoundthatiftheypushedaladdertowardsawall,theycouldlaunchthemselvesintotheairandspothidersfromabove.Hidersfoundthattheycouldgetridoftheladdersbypushingthemaside.可知但真正令人驚異的是，當(dāng)機器人起先利用問題或缺陷。搜尋者發(fā)覺，假如他們把梯子推到墻上，他們就能跳到空中，從上面找到躲藏者。躲藏者發(fā)覺他們可以把梯子推到一邊來擺脫它們。由此可知，機器人利用問題或故障的行為，表明人工智能能夠找到人類所忽視的解決方案。即it指的是“利用缺陷”。故選C。【15題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中“Themainlimitationisthatitisinsimulation,”saysChelseaFinnatStanfordUniversity.可知斯坦福高校的ChelseaFinn表示：“主要的限制在于它處于模擬狀態(tài)?！庇纱丝赏浦?，Chelsea認(rèn)為這項探討的發(fā)覺在虛擬世界之外可能無法實現(xiàn)。故選D。其次節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhyDoAutumnLeavesChangeColor?Weallenjoythecolorsofautumnleaves.___16___Toanswerthisquestion,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatleavesareandwhattheydo.Leavesarenature’sfoodfactories.Plantstakewaterfromtheearththroughtheirrootsandtakecarbondioxidefromtheair.___17___Plantsusethesugarasfoodforenergy.Thewayplantsturnwaterandcarbondioxideintosugariscalledphotosynthesis（光合作用）.Chlorophyll（葉綠素）helpsmakephotosynthesishappen.Chlorophyllgivesplantstheirgreencolor.Assummerendsandautumncomes,thedaysgetshorterandshorter.___18___Duringwinter,thereisnotenoughlightorwaterforphotosynthesis.Treeswillrestandshutdowntheirfood-makingfactories.Thereisnochlorophyllintheleaves.Asthebrightgreenfadesaway（漸漸消逝）,webegintoseeyellowandorangecolors._____19_____Wejustcan’tseetheminthesummer,becausetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchlorophyll.Thebrightredsweseeinleavesaremademostlyinautumn.Insometrees,likemaples（楓樹),sugariskeptintheleavesafterphotosynthesisstops.___20___Thebrowncoloroftreeslikeoaksismadeformthewasteswhichareleftintheleaves.Allthesethingsmakethebeautifulcolorsweenjoyinautumn.A.Smallamountsofthesecolorshavebeenintheleavesallthetime.B.Whydopeoplepreferautumnleavestosummerleaves?C.Plantsusesunlighttoturnwaterandcarbondioxideintoakindofsugar.D.Haveyoueverwonderedhowandwhyanautumnleafchangescolor?E.Yellowandorangecolorsattractmanyofusinautumn.F.Thisishowtrees“know”whentobegingettingreadyforwinter.G.Sunlightandthecoolnightsofautumncausetheleavestoturnthesugarintoaredcolor.【答案】16.D17.C18.F19.A20.G【解析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了秋天樹葉顏色的改變以及改變的緣由。【16題詳解】上文“Weallenjoythecolorsofautumnleaves”說明我們喜愛秋天樹葉的顏色，設(shè)空處應(yīng)當(dāng)圍繞這個話題綻開，而后文“Toanswerthisquestion,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatleavesareandwhattheydo.（要回答這個問題，我們首先要了解樹葉是什么，它們是干什么的。）”說明是回答某個問題，所以D項“你有沒有想過秋天的樹葉為什么以及怎樣變色的？”呼應(yīng)上文，并且是問句，呼應(yīng)后文，正好承上啟下，故選D。【17題詳解】上文“Plantstakewaterfromthegroundthroughtheirrootsandtakecarbondioxidefromtheair”可知植物從根部汲取水分，從空氣中汲取二氧化碳，后文“Plantsusethesugarasfoodforenergy.Thewayplantsturnwaterandcarbondioxideintosugariscalledphotosynthesis（光合作用）.（植物利用糖作為食物以獲得能量。植物把水和二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為糖的方式叫做光合作用。）”。C項中的“waterandcarbondioxide”與上文一樣，“akindofsugar.”與下文一樣，故選C?！?8題詳解】上文“Assummerendsandautumncomes，thedaysgetshorterandshorter”可知隨著秋天的到來，白天變得越來越短，此處承接這一話題，講的還是關(guān)于季節(jié)方面的內(nèi)容，所以F項“此時樹木就知道應(yīng)當(dāng)起先打算過冬”符合題意，并且與后文“Duringwinter”相呼應(yīng)，故選F?！?9題詳解】上文“Asthebrightgreenfadesaway，webegintoseeyellowandorangecolors”可知，當(dāng)光明的綠色消逝，我們起先看到黃色和橙色，而后文“ejustcan’tseetheminthesummer,becausetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchlorophyll.（我們只是在夏天看不到它們，因為它們被綠色的葉綠素所覆蓋。）”是在說明看不到黃色和橙色的緣由，因此A項“樹葉中始終有少量的這種顏色。”與之相呼應(yīng)，承上啟下，故選A?！?0題詳解】上文“ThebrightredsandpurplesweseeinleavesaremademostlyinAutumn．Insometrees,likemaples（楓樹),sugariskeptintheleavesafterphotosynthesisstops.”可知我們在樹葉上看到的艷麗的紅色大部分是在秋天形成的，一些樹，如楓樹，光合作用停止后，糖會留在葉子里。后文“Thebrowncoloroftreeslikeoaksismadeformthewasteswhichareleftintheleaves.（樹的褐色如橡樹是由樹葉中殘留的廢物形成的。）”則起先說明樹葉這樣改變的緣由，因此G項“秋天的陽光和涼快的夜晚使樹葉把糖變成紅色”符合題意，也是說明樹葉顏色的改變以及緣由。故選G。第三部分語言學(xué)問運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完型填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項CapturingthelinesofloveI’veneverbeenthekindofpersontosay,“it’sthethoughtthatcounts”whenitcomestogifts.Thatwasuntilacoupleofweeksago,whenmykidsgavemeapresentthatblewmeaway.Foryearsnow,I’vebeenwantingtosellourhome,theplacewheremyhusbandandI___21___ourkids.Buttome,thishouseismuchmorethanjusta___22___.Inthefrontroom,there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines,___23___theprogressofmychildren’sgrowth.Everygrowth___24___ismarkedingrey,witheachchild’snameandthedatetheywere___25___.MostpeopleIknowhavebeenfeaturedonawalllikethis,oratleasthadawalllikeitintheirhome.Ofalltheobjectsandallthe_____26_____,it’sthisonethinginahomethat’sthe_____27_____toleavebehind.FriendsIknowhavereturnedhomeafterworkonlyto_____28_____theirwallofheightshasbeen_____29_____paintedover.Anewpaintjobwouldn’tnormallybegreetedby______30______,buterasingthatevidenceofmotherhood____31____morethanitshould.Ourkidsgrowinsomanyways,butthewallis______32______evidenceoftheirprogress,rightthereforeveryoneto______33______.Overtheyears,I’vetalkedabouthowmuchIwould____34____leavingthatwallbehindwhenImoved,eventhoughthelastmarksweremade10yearsagowhenmykidsstopped____35____.Sooneday,whileIwasatwork,mychildrendecidedtodosomethingaboutit.Theyhiredaprofessionalphotographerwhose____36____isaboutcapturing(捕捉)the____37____thingsinlife,fromclearlakesandskiestoballgowns(舞會禮服).Overseveralhours,shetookphotosofthehundredsofdrawingsandlines,littlegreyfingerprints,andoldmarks.Somehow,shemanagedtophotographallthose____38____ofmemoriesperfectly.Afterwards,sheputallthephotostogetherintooneimage(影像),____39____themintoabeautifulhistoryofmyfamily.Threeweekslater,mychildren’swonderfulgiftmadeitswaytome–alife-sizephotoofthepencillinesandfingerprintsthat____40____entirelifetimesofloveandgrowth.21.A.taught B.guided C.raised D.educated22.A.place B.building C.symbol D.burden23.A.leaving B.promoting C.preventing D.marking24.A.stage B.problem C.prospect D.factor25.A.handled B.carved C.measured D.monitored26.A.memories B.images C.joys D.experiences27.A.easiest B.hardest C.safest D.strangest28.A.imagine B.claim C.discover D.conclude29.A.freshly B.cleanly C.miraculously D.beautifully30.A.laughter B.surprise C.curiosity D.tears31.A.comforts B.hurts C.hides D.shows32.A.mental B.psychological C.physical D.intellectual33.A.see B.remember C.understand D.stress34.A.like B.hate C.appreciate D.avoid35.A.learning B.wandering C.progressing D.growing36.A.work B.significance C.model D.habit37.A.worthless B.beautiful C.satisfying D.mysterious38.A.days B.weeks C.years D.figures39.A.transforming B.translating C.expanding D.analyzing40.A.leads B.explains C.represents D.summarizes【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.C26.A27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.C33.A34.B35.D36.A37.B38.C39.A40.C【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者家里有一堵記錄著孩子成長蹤跡的墻壁，見證了作者作為母親的記憶和留戀，也是她久久不舍得賣掉房子的緣由，孩子們把它拍成了照片，作為一個愛的禮物送給母親。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：多年來，我始終想賣掉我們的房子，我和丈夫哺育孩子的地方。A.taught教；B.guided指導(dǎo)；C.raised哺育；D.educated教化。依據(jù)下文“Inthefrontroom,there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines,___3___theprogressofmychildren’sgrowth.”可知，作者的家的一堵墻上記錄著孩子成長的歷程，是哺育孩子的見證，因此家是哺育（raise）孩子的地方。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但對我來說，這所房子不僅僅是一棟建筑。A.place地方；B.building建筑；C.symbol象征；D.burden負(fù)擔(dān)。由下文可知作者對家感情深厚，這所房子對作者不僅僅是一棟建筑。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在前屋，有一面墻上有幾百條鉛筆線，記錄著我的孩子成長的歷程。A.leaving離開；B.promoting促進(jìn)；C.preventing防止；D.marking標(biāo)記，記錄。依據(jù)下文“Everygrowth___4___ismarkedingrey,witheachchild’snameandthedatetheywere___5___”可知，墻上面標(biāo)記著孩子們的成長記錄。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個生長階段都用灰色標(biāo)出，上面標(biāo)有每個孩子的名字和測量的日期。A.stage階段；B.problem問題；C.prospect預(yù)期；D.factor因素。依據(jù)上文“Inthefrontroom,there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines,___3___theprogressofmychildren’sgrowth.”可知，墻上有幾百條鉛筆線，記錄著孩子成長中各個階段（stage）的歷程。故選A。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每個生長階段都用灰色標(biāo)出，上面標(biāo)有每個孩子的名字和測量的日期。A.handled處理；B.carved雕刻；C.measured測量；D.monitored監(jiān)控。由上文“there’sawallthathashundredsofpencillines,___3___theprogressofmychildren’sgrowth.”可知墻上幾百條鉛筆痕跡記錄著孩子的名字和每一次測量的日期，故選C。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在全部的物品和全部的記憶中，只有這一件東西是家中最難留下的。A.memories記憶；B.images圖像；C.joys快樂；D.experiences經(jīng)驗。由下文可知，作者的摯友們的家重新粉刷后抹去了作為母親的記憶，因此可知，在家里除了常用物品之外，還有記憶。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：在全部的物品和全部的記憶中，只有這一件東西是家中最難留下的。A.easiest最簡單的；B.hardest最難的；C.safest最平安的；D.strangest最驚異的。依據(jù)“FriendsIknowhavereturnedhomeafterworkonlyto_____8_____theirwallofheightshasbeen_____9_____paintedover.”可知隨著家中重新粉刷墻壁，孩子們的成長印記是家中最難（hardest）留下的。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我相識的摯友們下班回家后，發(fā)覺他們的高墻已經(jīng)被粉刷一新。A.imagine想象；B.claim宣稱；C.discover發(fā)覺；D.conclude得出結(jié)論。依據(jù)語境和常識推斷，摯友們下班回家后，應(yīng)當(dāng)是“發(fā)覺（discover）”家里的墻壁已經(jīng)被粉刷一新。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我相識的摯友下班回家后，發(fā)覺他們的高墻已經(jīng)被粉刷一新。A.freshly新近地；B.cleanly干凈地；C.miraculously奇跡般地；D.beautifully美麗地。依據(jù)“o