牛津滬教版八年級(jí)英語上冊(cè)Unit4 Inventions同步學(xué)案及測試題

7.throwaway扔掉8.tu11.begintodosth開始做某事12.allowsbtodosth允許做某事13.imaginedoingsth想象做某事14.makesbdosth使某人做某事5.keep…off6.atthesametime7.throwaway8.turninto11.begintodosth12.allowsbtodosth13.imaginedoingsth14.makesbdosthAllow:允許Allow:允許(1)單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最d)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，要雙寫詞尾最Thecathedralistheoldestbuildinginthecity.這座教堂是城里最古老的建c)further可用作動(dòng)詞，“增進(jìn)，推進(jìn)”越……12.“the+比較級(jí)+ofthetwo”表示“兩者中比較…”“形容詞的比較級(jí)+thanany+單數(shù)名詞”（范圍外）nice--;small--;hot--;slowly--;far--;beautiful--thick--;fine--;heavy--;carefully--;little--careful--A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimesD.sometimesA,Thequicker;thebestB.Thesooner;A:Ilikecomedies(喜劇).Doyouwanttogoandacomedywithmethisevening?Iamsuretravelingbecamefasterandmorecomfortable.Afewyearsago,peopleTheyallowpeopletokeepintouchwitheachothertoseeatnight.Withligh2.Helpsb(to)dosth幫助某人做某事Helpsbwithsth幫助某人做某事活7.Starttodosth=startdoingsth開始做某事atthestartof11.Beabletodosth能夠做某事14.Allowsbtodosth允許某人做某事Allowdoingsth允許做某事20.Imaginedoingsth想象做某事einkdriedeasily.T19.Leadsbtodosth帶領(lǐng)某人做某事20.Leadalife過……的生活短語歸納1.lightbulb電燈泡2.inhistory在歷史上3.atthestartof在……初期4.sincethen從那以后5.eachother彼此6.millonsof數(shù)百萬的7.mobilephone手機(jī)8.keepintouchwith與……保持聯(lián)系9.inthedaytime在白天10.makenoises制造噪音11.keep…off使……遠(yuǎn)離12.infrontof在……的前面13.atthesametime同時(shí)14.inashortertime在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)15.throwaway扔掉16.turninto變成17.inthefuture在將來18.rightnow現(xiàn)在19.allthetime一直20.makeamess弄得一團(tuán)糟21.leadto導(dǎo)致，引起22.withthehelpwith在……的幫助下【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】1.advertisement可數(shù)名詞，意為廣告，它是以元音音素開頭的單詞，故單數(shù)名詞前不定冠詞用an;其復(fù)數(shù)形式為advertisements,可縮寫為ads.Theywillputanadvertisementinthenewspaper.advertising不可數(shù)名詞，意為廣告，廣告業(yè)，是總稱。Advertisingiseverywhere.advertise動(dòng)詞，意為做廣告，登廣告，Headvertisedforajob.2、funny可笑的；滑稽的adjYou’reanextremelyfunnyman.你是一個(gè)非?；娜?。1）fun與funny都可以作形容詞，但fun還可以作名詞。例如：玩的開心或者2）fun有趣的；令人愉快的。近義詞：interesting。3）funny滑稽的、古怪的。Janeisafunnygirl.簡是一個(gè)很滑稽的人。3、create創(chuàng)作；創(chuàng)造v拓展：creation創(chuàng)造物，作品n.creator創(chuàng)造者n.creative有創(chuàng)造力的adj.creativity創(chuàng)造力n.試翻譯：這個(gè)創(chuàng)造者創(chuàng)作了這個(gè)作品，他很有創(chuàng)造力。.【辨析】create和makecreate創(chuàng)造，創(chuàng)作創(chuàng)造出原來并不存在的東西make創(chuàng)造，制作,通過工作制造出某種東西（1）.誰創(chuàng)造了世界？Whotheworld?（2）.他制造了這塊手表。Hethewatch.4、telephone電話n給……打電話v其縮寫形式是,移動(dòng)電話，手機(jī)是.給某人打電話的表達(dá)：①telephone/phonesb.②callsb.(up)③givesb.acall④makeatelephonecalltosb.我心里實(shí)在難受，于是打電話給歐文。Imyfatheryesterday.昨天我給爸爸打電話了。5.comfortable舒適的adj.，其比較級(jí)是.comfortably舒適地advuncomfortable使人不舒服的adj辨析：over,across,throughOver越過，指越過一段距離或度過一段時(shí)間Thebirdsflyoverthetown.Across表示橫過，穿過，指在某一平面或物體上從一邊到另一邊Thestudentsarewalkingacrossthestreet.through表示穿過，通過，指從某處或某物中間穿過，內(nèi)部穿過Onceamanwaswalkingthroughaforest,whenhemettwomen.6.century世紀(jì)nIntheearly19thcentury=atthestartofthe19thcentury.在十九世紀(jì)初Inthelate19thcentury=attheendofthe19thcentur7.invent發(fā)明vin辨析：invent與discoverinvent發(fā)明客觀上沒有，發(fā)明以前未曾有過的東西；如發(fā)明新的使用工具、方法。discover發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)客觀已經(jīng)存在，但不為人知的東西或者事物。 theelectriclightbulb.2.我在樹下發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊很漂亮的石頭。 abeautifulstoneunderthetree.8.practical有用的adj.practice練習(xí)npractice練習(xí)vOurclothesarelightweight,fashionableandforholidays.我們的服裝輕便、時(shí)尚，并且很適合度假穿。9.distance距離【拓展】Atadistance隔一段距離，距離稍微遠(yuǎn)一些Inthedistance在遠(yuǎn)處fromthedistance從遠(yuǎn)處這只小貓從遠(yuǎn)處回來了。Thecatcameback.turnoff關(guān)上=switchoffturnon打開=switchon請(qǐng)打開燈。Pleasethe.11.developv開發(fā)、研發(fā)（與invent發(fā)明不同，是在原有基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步提高、改進(jìn)）Weneedtosolarenergy.我們需要開發(fā)拓展：development發(fā)展ndeveloped發(fā)達(dá)的adj.developing發(fā)展中的adj.發(fā)達(dá)國家：adevelopedcountry發(fā)展中國家：adevelopingcountry12.helpsb.dosth幫助某人做某事,help后跟省略to的不定式，類似的用法還有，使某人做某事makesb.dosth.我?guī)椭业搅隋X包。Thebosstheworkersmorethan10hourseveryday.這個(gè)老板讓工人每天工作超過10小時(shí)。13.Theyallowpeopletokeepintouchwitheachotheranytime,anywhere.它們?nèi)菰S人們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候，在任何地點(diǎn)彼此保持聯(lián)系。（1）allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事他們?cè)试S孩子們?nèi)ス珗@。Theytheirchildrengotothepark.(2)keepintouch（with）sb.與……保持聯(lián)系與stayintouchwith同義Doyoustillinyourparentsregularlyafteryouleavethem?14.Withsunlight,airandwater,wecanbealiveonEarth.有了陽光、空氣和水，我們才能在地球上生存。with有without沒有沒有水，我們無法存活。15.Thenewcarsmadeloudnoisesandfrightenedthem這.些新汽車發(fā)出很大的噪Makenoises意思是：發(fā)出噪音，弄出聲音；也可以用makeanoise例如：不要弄出聲音，你爸爸正在睡覺。Don’t,yourfatherissleeping.辨析：noise，voice，soundnoise指吵鬧、喧嘩聲，往往是不和諧，不悅耳的聲音voice多指人和動(dòng)物特有的聲音，嗓音sound指人所能聽到的自然界中的一切聲音（1）請(qǐng)不要在課堂上制造噪音。Pleasedon’t（2）她經(jīng)常小聲說話。Sheoftentalksinalow.（3）在空氣中光比聲音傳播的速度快。Lighttravelsfasterthanintheair.短語辨析sometimes有時(shí)Sometimesshehaslunchatschool.Sometimes幾次，幾倍Ihavebeentothemuseumsometimes.Sometime一段時(shí)間Shehaslivedhereforsometime.A.useless()2.CanIvisityoutomorrow?OK.Youcancomeatanytime.A.anywayB.anywhereC.anyhow()3.Thiskindofflower()4.Theyallcametoschoolatthesametime.A.atthetimeB.sometimesC.atonetimetimeA.keepintouchwithB.losetouchwith()7.What'syourdream,Jim?()8.Couldyoumethefloor.Torn?A.make;cleanB.make;clSheisasmartgirl.Sheisable10telephonenumbersinA.thinkof;torememberB.findout;torememberC.thinkof;rememberingD.findout;remembering()10.What'stheweatherA.were;copieddownB.were;madeamessC.was;madeamessD.wa()12.Tim,todayismybirthday.ComI'mverysorry.Myparentsdon'tmetogooutatnight.A.expensive;betterB.expensive;cheap;thebestA.madeofA.themoreworstB.moreworseC.thworse()17.Couldyougotoamoviewithmyfriendme?()19.Dad,Iwant()20.doyouusethecomputer?farJohnistenyearsold.HelikeswatchingTV,buthehasn'twatchedTVforawholeyear.WhatwasJohn'sparentsthoughtJohnwatchedtoo22TV.OnedayJohn'smothersawanarticleinthenewspaperaboutaboywhohadn'twatchedTVforayear.She23thestoryforJohn."Itisajoke,"saidhismother AtfirstJohn'sparentswerevery27becauseJohndidalotofreading.Butlater,he 28.Everyevening,heaskedhispacouldwatchTV,evenjustforoneevening.Johnalwayssaid,"No,itwill29memoney!"Finallytheyearwasover.Johngotthemoneyfromhisparents,buthedidn'twanttospendlotsofhistime30TVanymore."Iwanttohe()28.A.boredAEveryonewantstoliveahappylife.Everyonetalksabouthappiness.Butwhatmakesusfhappy?Whatcanwegetfromhappiness?Well,scientistsfromauniversityinNewYorkfoundthatpeoplewhoarehappyandpositiveTherewasalsoastudyabouthappinessinBritain.Researchersfoundthateatingafamilymealatleastthreetimesaweekisthekeytohaprelationshipbetweenparentsandtheirchildren.Moneymakestheworldgbefore,buttheyfeellesshappierthanever.However,anotherstudyfoundthatmoneycanbuypeoplehappiness,butonlywhenpeoplespenditinarightwaHowmuchhappinesscanyoufeel?Ifyouwanttobehappy,youcangoforit.()31.AccordingtothescientistsinNewYork,ahaC.havealotofchildren()32.EatingafamilymealcanhelpbuildastrongrelationshipbetweA.parentsandtheirteachersB.childrenandtheirclassmatesC.childrenandtheirteachersD.parentsandtheirchildren()33.WhatisthekeytohappinessaccordingtotheresearchersinBritain?A.Cookingbyyourselfathome.C.Havingafamilymealatleastthreetimesaweek.()34.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutmoney?A.Moneyiseverything.B.Moneymakestheworldgoround.()35.What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A.ScientistsinNewYork.B.AhBDifferentcountrieshavedifferentimportant.ButhowdoyoushowgoodtablemannersinBritain?Pleasereadthefollowingadvice.Youshouldsitupstraightinyourchair.Whenyoueat,don'tpickupthebowlorbringtheplatetoyou.Usuallyyoushouldnotpickupfoodwithyourfingerswhenyouareeatingmaindishes.Butwhenyoueatsomefoodsuchaspizza,sandwiches,chipsandfruit,youcaneatwithyourfingers.Itisnotpolitetotalkwithyourmouthfulloffood,ortoeatwithyourmouthopen.Itispolitetoeatupthefoodthatyouhavebeenoffered.Itshowsthatyouhavefood.It'sOKtoleavealittle,ifyoucan'tfinisheverything.Youcouldsaysomethinglike"Thatwasverynice"or"Thankyou"afterthedinner.A.politeA.eatchipswithyourfingersB.situpstraightonthetableC.talktootherswithyourmouthfullD.eatwithyourmouthopen()38.Whichshowsthatyouenjoythefoodaccordingtothepassage?A.Leavingmuchfood.B.Askingformorefood.C.Bringingtheplatetoyou.D.Eatingup()39.Howmanypiecesofadvice()40.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthispassage?A.ThewriterlikesthetablemannersinChinamore.B.Thewriterdoesn'tlikethetablemannersinBritain.C.ThewriterisfamiliarwithBritishtablemanners.D.Thewriterisalwayspoliteattable.CIn1996,11-year-oldRichieStachowskiwentonatriptoHawaiiwithhisfamily."IwassurfingwithmyDad.Whenwedoveunderwater,thereweresomanybeautifulthingstosee.Iwishedwecouldtalkunderwater,"saidStachowski.Afterfindingoutthattherewerenoinventionsforthiskindofcommunication,Stachowskitriedoutprototypes(雛形)inthefamilypool.Atlast,hecameupwithanideaabouttheWaterTalkie—athingthatenablesswimmerstotalkwitheachotherunderwaterfromasfaras15feetaway.WiththehelpofhisMom,StachowskistartedacompanycalledShortStackLLCandwentontoinventotherpooltoys.Thenin1999,thecompanywassold.TherearemanyyounginventorslikeStachowskiintheworld.Theyarehard-workingandtrytofindsolutionstoproblems.Ifyoulearnfromthem,youmaybethenextyounginventor.()41.WhendidStachowskigoonatriptoHawaiiwithhisfamily?()42.WheredidStachowskitryouttheprototypes?()43.WiththeWaterTalkie,swimmerscanunderwaterfromasfaras15feetaway.A.seeeachotherB.toucheachotherC.talkwpusheachother()44.WhohelpedStachowskistartacompany?()45.WhatdoesthewriterthinkofStachowski?A.Hard-working.B.Funny.C.Powerful.DThenexttimeyouseeaseagull(海鷗)shoutinginthesky,besuretolookagbeaflyingrobot.ThiskindofseagullrobotiscalledSmartBird.Ittakesoffandltothebuilt-inequipment,itmakesthewingsupanddownwhenitmakessoundacrossthesky.SmartBirdcanalsocontrolitsBird'stailhelpsstabilizeitselfwhenitistryingtomakeTherobotwascreatedbyFestoAG,aGermancompany.SomepeoplebelievedifitwasfittedwithGPS,amorepowerfulbatteryandsomecamerasandmicrophones,itwouldbeaprettyspy(間諜).Butitwillnevertakeyoursandwichesorchips.ThisisnotthefirsttimetheGermancompanyhascreatedcoolrobots.In2009,theyintroducedBionicPenguins,whocanflythroughwaterandair.Let'sseewhattheywillcomeupwithinthefuture.()46.WhatisSmartBirdaccordingtothepassage?()47.WhathelpsSmartBirdstabilizeitselfwhenitistryinA.SmartBird'shead.B.OneofSmartBird'swings.C.SmartBird'stail.()48.WherewasSmartBirdcreated?()49.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.SmartBirdcanflythroughwater.B.SmartBirdwascreatedin2009.C.BionicPenguinscanflythroughair.A．根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容，從方框中的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出五個(gè)合適的選項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。A:Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture?A:Oh,(52)doyouwanttoinvent?A:Special?Canyoutellme(54)aboutit?B:Ofcourse.Thecarwillhavethree(55)andtwowingsskyandswiminthewater.A:Thatsoundsgreat!Ihopeyouwillbesuccessful.B:Thankyou.B．從方框中的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出五個(gè)合適的句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。A:David,haveyoufinisheddoingyourhomeworkyet?A:Why?