必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 單元培優(yōu)綜合測(cè)試卷（解析版）

必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters單元培優(yōu)綜合測(cè)試卷其次部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2024·重慶·三模）ONECEREMONY,SEVERALFIRSTSTheOpeningCeremonyofthe2024OlympicGameswillbebold,originalandunique.On26July2024,Paris2024willofferanOpeningCeremonythatiscertaintojointhemostmemorablemomentsinOlympichistory.AceremonyoutsideastadiumForthefirsttimeinthehistoryoftheOlympicSummerGames,theOpeningCeremonywillnottakeplaceinastadium.Paris2024isbreakingnewgroundbybringingsportsandtheOpeningCeremonyintothecity,settobeheldintheheartofthecityalongitsmainriver:theSeine(塞納河).AceremonyontheriverTakingonanewlook,theparadeofathleteswillbeheldontheSeinewithboatsforeachnationaldelegation(代表團(tuán)).Theseboatswillbeequippedwithcamerastoallowtelevisionandonlineviewerstoseetheathletesupclose.Windingtheirwayfromeasttowest,the10,500athleteswillcrossthroughthecentreofParis.AceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectatorsHoldingaceremonyopentoalargeaudience,withnoadmissionfeeformostofitsspectators,isamajorfirst.Fanswon’tneedticketstoaccesstheupperquays(碼頭),butthosewishingtoaccessthelowerquayswillneedtobuytickets.EightygiantscreensandstrategicallyplacedspeakerswillalloweveryonetoenjoythemagicalatmosphereofthisshowthroughoutParis.AceremonydesignedforandbyathletesByopeningwiththeparadeofathletes,Paris2024isbreakingwithtradition.AthleteswillbefeaturedonstageduringtheintroductiontoandthroughouttheceremonyaspartofParis2024’sconstantaimtoholdGamescreatedforandbyathletes.1．WherewilltheOpeningCeremonyofParis2024beheld?A．OnthequaysbesidetheSeine.B．InthecitycenteralongtheSeine.C．InastadiumneartheheartofParis.D．OntheeasternandwesternendsofParis.2．Whatdoweknowabouttheadmissionfee?A．Noadmissionfeeisrequired.B．Accesstothelowerquaysisfree.C．Ticketsshouldbeboughtfortheupperquays.D．Someviewerspayforwatchingtheceremony.3．Whatisthemainideaofthistext?A．ThehistoryoftheOlympics. B．TheprocedureofParis2024.C．Thenovelpointsofaceremony. D．Thechargingrulesofaceremony.【答案】1．B2．D3．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了2024巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Aceremonyoutsideastadium部分中“Paris2024isbreakingnewgroundbybringingsportsandtheOpeningCeremonyintothecity,settobeheldintheheartofthecityalongitsmainriver:theSeine(塞納河).(2024年巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)開創(chuàng)了新的局面，將體育和開幕式帶入城市，將在城市中心的主要河流塞納河沿岸進(jìn)行。)”可知，2024巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)在城市中心、塞納河畔進(jìn)行。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題“Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators(很多觀眾可以免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)的儀式)”以及Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators部分中“Fanswon’tneedticketstoaccesstheupperquays(碼頭),butthosewishingtoaccessthelowerquayswillneedtobuytickets.(球迷不需要門票進(jìn)入上層碼頭，但那些期望進(jìn)入下層碼頭的人將需要購(gòu)買門票。)”可知，部分觀眾需要支付費(fèi)用觀看開幕式。故選D。3．主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“ONECEREMONY,SEVERALFIRSTS(一個(gè)儀式，幾個(gè)第一)”及文章中各個(gè)小標(biāo)題“Aceremonyoutsideastadium(體育場(chǎng)外的儀式)”、“Aceremonyontheriver(河上的儀式)”、“Aceremonywithfreeadmissionformanyspectators(很多觀眾可以免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)的儀式)”、“Aceremonydesignedforandbyathletes(為運(yùn)動(dòng)員設(shè)計(jì)的儀式)”可知，本文介紹了2024巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)開幕式的新穎點(diǎn)。故選C。B（23-24高三上·黑龍江·期中）LivingontheFloridaEmeraldCoast,peopleviewahurricane(颶風(fēng))‘a(chǎn)sacommonthing.Soitisnotunusualforafamilytohaveseveralfullgascansandbottledwaterstoredintheirhousesallsummer.Thoughunwillingtoevacuate(撤離)fromahurricane,onSeptember15,myfamilywasforcedtoleaveourhomeformygrandfather’shouseseveralmilesaway.WespenttheearlypartofthateveningwatchingthehurricanedrawcloserontheWeatherChannel.Aroundnineo’clock,aloudsoundshookthehouse,turnedovertheroofandcarrieditoff.Sooncameanindoorrainstorm.Realizingthedamage,mygrandfatherbegantobeafraid.Thestormhadstarted,buthestillranoutintotheheavyrainandwindtoseehowmuchoftheroofwasleft.Wegothimbackinside.Ihadneverseenhimsoscared.Momfinallyaskedhimtoliedowninhisroom.Theleak(滲漏)hadprogressedrapidly.Itsoonbecamearaceagainsttimetoprotectwhattobesaved.Somepeoplemaythinkitnecessarytosavematerialthings,butIhopedtosavethoseitemswithemotionalvalue,suchasthephotos.Istillfearedthestorm,butImorefearedtheinfluenceitbrought.Thenextmorning,itstartedtoclearup.Thankfully,myfamilycamesafelythroughthestorm,thoughthesamecouldnotbesaidforthehouse.Onlythewoodenbeams(梁)remained,butinsidemanyofthethingsweresafe.MymomandIhadworkedtirelesslythroughthenight.Itwaslate,butwewerestillunwillingtogotobed.Wediscussedtherebuildingofthehouse.Underthebeautifulsky,wesuggestedlookingaftermygrandfathermoreofteninthefuture.Afterthisdisaster,Irealizedthetruththatthehurricaneitselfwasnotsoterribleifwelovedeachother.4．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A．Manyresidentslivingnearthecoasttendtoleavetheplace.B．Manyresidentsareunwillingtoprepareforhurricanes.C．HurricanesoftenstriketheFloridaEmeraldCoast.D．HurricanesseldomhittheFloridaEmeraldCoast.5．Whydidtheauthor’sgrandfathergooutintotherainandwind?A．Toprotectsomethingoutside. B．Toseetheconditionoftheroof.C．Toavoidthedangerinthehouse. D．Toknowhowserioustherainwas.6．Whatisthemainideaofthefourthparagraph?A．Whytheauthorfearedthestorm. B．Howthestorminfluencedthehouse.C．Howpeoplehelpedeachotherinthestorm. D．Whattheauthorwasreadytosavefromthestorm.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph5mean?A．Thehousecontainedmanyvaluablethings. B．Thehousewasdestroyedinthedisaster.C．Thehousecouldbeeasytorepair. D．Thehousesurvivedthehurricane.【答案】4．C5．B6．D7．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了作者一家度過颶風(fēng)的經(jīng)受，作者也在這次經(jīng)受中意識(shí)到了親情的貴重和強(qiáng)大。4．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“LivingontheFloridaEmeraldCoast,peopleviewahurricane(颶風(fēng))‘a(chǎn)sacommonthing.Soitisnotunusualforafamilytohaveseveralfullgascansandbottledwaterstoredintheirhousesallsummer.(生活在佛羅里達(dá)翡翠海岸的人們認(rèn)為颶風(fēng)是一件很平常的事情。因此，一個(gè)家庭在整個(gè)夏天都有幾個(gè)裝滿汽油的罐子和瓶裝水，這并不罕見)”可知，人們要儲(chǔ)存汽油罐和瓶裝水是為了為颶風(fēng)做好預(yù)備，可知颶風(fēng)經(jīng)常攻擊佛羅里達(dá)翡翠海岸。故選C。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中“Thestormhadstarted,buthestillranoutintotheheavyrainandwindtoseehowmuchoftheroofwasleft(暴風(fēng)雨已經(jīng)開頭了，但他還是冒著大雨和大風(fēng)跑了出去，看看屋頂還剩下多少)”，可知作者的祖父冒著風(fēng)雨出去是為了看看屋頂?shù)臓顩r。故選B。6．段落大意題。依據(jù)第四段中“Somepeoplemaythinkitnecessarytosavematerialthings,butIhopedtosavethoseitemswithemotionalvalue,suchasthephotos.Istillfearedthestorm,butImorefearedtheinfluenceitbrought.(有些人可能認(rèn)為有必要保存物質(zhì)上的東西，但我期望保存那些有情感價(jià)值的東西，比如照片。我仍舊可怕風(fēng)暴，但我更可怕它帶來的影響)”可知，第四段主要敘述作者預(yù)備從風(fēng)暴中挽救什么。故選D。7．詞句猜想題。依據(jù)前半句“Thankfully,myfamilycamesafelythroughthestorm(謝天謝地，我的家人平安度過了風(fēng)暴)”，though表示前后的對(duì)比；以及后句“Onlythewoodenbeams(梁)remained(只剩下木梁了)”可知，第五段中帶下劃線的句子thoughthesamecouldnotbesaidforthehouse是指房子在災(zāi)難中被毀了。A.Thehousecontainedmanyvaluablethings房子里有很多貴重物品；B.Thehousewasdestroyedinthedisaster房子在災(zāi)難中被毀了；C.Thehousecouldbeeasytorepair這所房子可能很簡(jiǎn)潔修理；D.Thehousesurvivedthehurricane這所房子在颶風(fēng)中幸存下來。故選B。C（2024·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·三模）Rogues(瘋狗浪),called“extremestormwaves”byscientists,arelarge,unexpected,anddangerouswavesthatareatleasttwiceashighastheotherwavesaroundthem,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).Theseabnormalwaves,whichhappeneverydayandallovertheworld,arehighlyunpredictableandcandestroyshipsthatmeetwiththem.Roguewavesappeartoformwhenlargeroughwavespassthroughoneanother,combiningtoformhugewallsofwater,accordingtoNOAA．However,whyandwheretheyappearisunclear.Butusing700years’worthofoceandataincludinghistoricalrecordsanddatafrombuoys(浮標(biāo))in158locationsaroundtheworld,researchershavenowcreatedasystemforpredictingthese“hugebeasts”.“Theyarecausedbyacombinationofmanyfactorsthat,untilnow,havenotbeencombinedintoasingleriskassessment,”saidleadauthorDionH?fner.H?fnerandhisco-workersmappedthefactorsthatmayleadtoroguewavesandusedAItomakeasinglemodelthatcoulddeterminethelikelihoodthataroguewavewillform.Theteamtrainedaneuralnetworkusinghistoricalwavedata.Thisgeneratedasystemthatlearnedthecausesofroguewavesbyitselfandcouldworktopredictthem.ButtheAI’smethodswerehidinablackbox.Thismeansscientistscouldn’tknowhowtheAIdiditsworkings.SoH?fner’steamappliedanotherformofmachinelearning,whichproducedanequation(綜合體)whenfeddata,ratherthanjustasingleprediction,helpingtheresearcherstounderstandhowtheAIreacheditspredictions.“Ouranalysisdemonstratesthatabnormalwavesoccurallthetime.Infact,weregistered100,000wavesinourdatasetthatcanbedefinedasroguewaves,”H?fnersaid.Thissystemeffectivelyshowsthesignofaroguewave,H?fneradded,andcanbetterprotectshipsfrombeingdestroyedasthesailaroundtheworld.Shipcompaniescanusethedevicewiththesystemtopredictwhenandwhereroguewavesmightarisetoseekanalternativecourse.8．Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopic?A．Byusinganexample. B．Bygivingadefinition.C．Bydrawingacomparison. D．Bymakinganassumption.9．Whatcanthesystemdoaccordingtoparagraph2?A．Monitorhugeseacreatures. B．Guideshipsaroundinthesea.C．Preventrougewavesfromoccurring. D．Forecastthehittingofroguewaves.10．WhatisthedisadvantageoftheAI’smethods?A．Theyaren’tvisuallyavailable. B．Theydependontoomanyfactors.C．Theymakeinaccuratepredictions. D．Theydon’tprocessdatasystematically.11．HowdoesH?fnerfindthesystem?A．Itrequiresmorefieldtests. B．Ithasbeenwidelyused.C．Itneedsfurtherimprovement. D．Ithasapromisingfuture.【答案】8．B9．D10．A11．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說明文?！隘偣防恕北豢茖W(xué)家稱為“極端風(fēng)暴波”，是一種巨大的、意想不到的、危急的海浪。爭(zhēng)辯人員創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)可以有效顯示“瘋狗浪”的跡象，更好地愛護(hù)在世界各地航行的船只免受破壞。8．推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段“Rogues(瘋狗浪),called“extremestormwaves”byscientists,arelarge,unexpected,anddangerouswavesthatareatleasttwiceashighastheotherwavesaroundthem,accordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA).Theseabnormalwaves,whichhappeneverydayandallovertheworld,arehighlyunpredictableandcandestroyshipsthatmeetwiththem.(據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局稱，“瘋狗浪”被科學(xué)家稱為“極端風(fēng)暴波”，是一種巨大的、意想不到的、危急的海浪，其高度至少是四周其他海浪的兩倍。這些特別的海浪在世界各地每天都有發(fā)生，格外難以猜測(cè)，可能會(huì)摧毀遇到它們的船只。)”再結(jié)合下文中關(guān)于“瘋狗浪”的介紹可知，作者主要通過對(duì)“瘋狗浪”下定義來引入話題。故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“whyandwheretheyappearisunclear…researchershavenowcreatedasystemforpredictingthese‘hugebeasts’.(它們消滅的緣由和地點(diǎn)尚不清楚。但是，利用700年來的海洋數(shù)據(jù)，包括歷史記錄和來自世界各地158個(gè)地點(diǎn)的浮標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)，爭(zhēng)辯人員現(xiàn)在創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)猜測(cè)這些“巨獸”的系統(tǒng)。)”可知，瘋狗浪消滅的緣由和地點(diǎn)尚不清楚，因此，爭(zhēng)辯人員創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)系統(tǒng)來猜測(cè)這些“巨獸”。故選D。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段“ButtheAI’smethodswerehidinablackbox.Thismeansscientistscouldn’tknowhowtheAIdiditsworkings.(但人工智能的方法隱蔽在一個(gè)黑盒子里。這意味著科學(xué)家無法知道人工智能是如何工作的。)”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一個(gè)黑箱里，這意味著科學(xué)家無法知道人工智能是如何工作的。故選A。11．推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“Thissystemeffectivelyshowsthesignofaroguewave,H?fneradded,andcanbetterprotectshipsfrombeingdestroyedasthesailaroundtheworld.Shipcompaniescanusethedevicewiththesystemtopredictwhenandwhereroguewavesmightarisetoseekanalternativecourse.(H?fner補(bǔ)充說：“該系統(tǒng)可以有效地顯示特別浪的跡象，并且可以更好地愛護(hù)航行在世界各地的船只。船只公司可以使用該設(shè)備和該系統(tǒng)來猜測(cè)何時(shí)何地可能消滅特別海浪，以尋求替代航線。”)”可知，他認(rèn)為這個(gè)系統(tǒng)有著很好的進(jìn)展前景。故選D。D（2024·廣西南寧·二模）InJapan,thenewyearbeganwithdisasterasa7.5magnitudeearthquakestrucktheNotoPeninsula(能登半島)onthecountry’swesternedgeonMonday.Morethan2,000activefaultlines(斷層線)liebeneathJapan,makingitoneofthemostearthquake-pronecountriesintheworld.Manyscientistshavelongconsideredearthquakeforecastingtobeimpossible.Butgivenrecentimprovementsinartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcouldchange.Lastfall,researchersattheUniversityofTexasatAustinincreasedsuchhopesforearthquakepredictionwithaseven-monthtrialinChina.Inall,thealgorithm(演算法)successfullyforecast14earthquakes,eachwithinabout200milesofitsactualepicenter(震中).Meanwhile,itmissedonequakeandpredictedeightthatneverhappened.ThetrialwaspartofaninternationalA．I.-designcompetition,oneofafewsucheventsheldinrecentyearstoadvanceearthquakepredictiontechnologies.SergeyFomel,ageoscientistatUTAustinandamemberoftheresearchteam,saysinastatement.“We’renotyetclosetomakingpredictionsforanywhereintheworld,butwhatweachievedtellsusthatwhatwethoughtwasanimpossibleproblemissolvableinprinciple.”Additionally,machinelearningcouldhelpdetecthiddenpatternsindataorcollectmoredatatobetterinformearthquakeforecasting,HutchisonwritesforMITTechnologyReview.Forexample,someresearchersareshowinghowA．I.mightuserecordingsfromaspecificseismicsitetoanticipateanearthquake’smagnitude.Oneteamhasbuiltandtrainedneuralnetworkstopredictwhereaftershocksmayoccurafteraninitialstrike.Andothersareusingmachinelearningtoidentifyandextractseismicwaves—thevibrationsthatspreadthroughtheearthduringtectonicactivity(構(gòu)造活動(dòng))—fromothernoisesintheground.12．What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplainaconcept. B．Tointroduceanewtopic.C．Tosupplyasummary. D．Toprovideanexample.13．Whatmadesomeresearchersoptimisticabouttheearthquakeforecasting?A．Therecentprogressintheories. B．Theuseoftraditionalmethods.C．Theincreasingnumberofearthquakes. D．Theadvancementsinartificialintelligence.14．Whatdoweknowfromthethirdparagraph?A．ThetrialwasconductedbyChinese. B．Thealgorithmwastotallysuccessful.C．A．I.showspromiseinearthquakeprediction. D．TheA．I.competitiononlyfocusedonearthquakes.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Japan’sVulnerabilitytoEarthquakes B．HelperinPredictingEarthquakes—A．I.C．TheImpossibilityofEarthquakePrediction D．InternationalEffortstoPredictEarthquakes【答案】12．B13．D14．C15．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白經(jīng)過試驗(yàn)發(fā)覺，人工智能在地震猜測(cè)方面大有前途，并給出具體的例子。12．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“InJapan,thenewyearbeganwithdisasterasa7.5magnitudeearthquakestrucktheNotoPeninsula(能登半島)onthecountry’swesternedgeonMonday.Morethan2,000activefaultlines(斷層線)liebeneathJapan,makingitoneofthemostearthquake-pronecountriesintheworld.(在日本，新的一年從災(zāi)難中開頭，周一，該國(guó)西部邊緣的諾托半島發(fā)生了7.5級(jí)地震。日本地下有2000多條活動(dòng)斷層帶，使其成為世界上地震最頻繁的國(guó)家之一)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入一個(gè)新話題。故選B。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Butgivenrecentimprovementsinartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcouldchange.(但鑒于最近人工智能的進(jìn)步，一些爭(zhēng)辯人員始終在爭(zhēng)辯這種狀況是否會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變)”可知，人工智能的進(jìn)步讓一些爭(zhēng)辯人員對(duì)地震預(yù)報(bào)持樂觀態(tài)度。故選D。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“Inall,thealgorithm(演算法)successfullyforecast14earthquakes,eachwithinabout200milesofitsactualepicenter(震中).Meanwhile,itmissedonequakeandpredictedeightthatneverhappened.(該算法總共成功猜測(cè)了14次地震，每次地震都在震中200英里以內(nèi)。與此同時(shí)，它錯(cuò)過了一次地震，并猜測(cè)了8次從未發(fā)生的地震)”可知，人工智能在地震猜測(cè)方面大有前途。故選C。15．主旨大意題。依據(jù)其次段“Manyscientistshavelongconsideredearthquakeforecastingtobeimpossible.Butgivenrecentimprovementsinartificialintelligence,someresearchershavebeenstudyingwhetherthatcouldchange.(很多科學(xué)家始終認(rèn)為地震預(yù)報(bào)是不行能的。但鑒于最近人工智能的進(jìn)步，一些爭(zhēng)辯人員始終在爭(zhēng)辯這種狀況是否會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變)”結(jié)合文章主要說明白經(jīng)過試驗(yàn)發(fā)覺，人工智能在地震猜測(cè)方面大有前途，并給出具體的例子。可知，B選項(xiàng)“猜測(cè)地震的幫手——人工智能”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。其次節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2024·重慶·模擬猜測(cè)）Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.16Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.17Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyourhotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestiveprocess.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.Yourskinandrelatedtissuesareincrediblydesignedtomovewarmbloodawayfromyourcoretokeepyourvitalorganscool.Anydamagetoyourskinortheunderlyingtissuepreventsyourbodyfrombeingabletoairconditionitself.Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.18.Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.19Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthatallowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.20Besides,keepdrinkingwhileyou’reworkingout.A．Don’teatrightbeforeyouheadout.B．Trymoreheat-friendlyformsofexercise.C．Thetypeofsuitableclothingyouwearcanalsohelpyoustaycool.D．Buthighoutsidetemperaturesinadryclimatecanalsobedangerous.E．IsadaytimerunorbikerideinhotsummerweatherOKforourbodies?F．Andconsiderwearingsun-protectiveclothingthatblocksthesun,andincludeahat.G．Makesureyouaredrinkingwateratleastanhourbeforeyouheadouttoexercise.【答案】16．E17．A18．F19．C20．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些高溫天氣下在戶外熬煉的建議。16．依據(jù)上文“Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.(今年夏天，氣候變化連續(xù)將地球的天氣推向極端)”以及后文“Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.(我們邀請(qǐng)了一些專家來爭(zhēng)辯在高溫下運(yùn)動(dòng)背后的科學(xué)，如何保證你的身體平安，以及假如你懷疑你或你的伴侶患有中暑該怎么做)”可知，本句主要過渡句，引出酷熱天氣是否適合運(yùn)動(dòng)的疑問。故E選項(xiàng)“在酷熱的夏天白天跑步或騎自行車對(duì)我們的身體好嗎？”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。17．依據(jù)后文“Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyourhotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestiveprocess.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.(假如你吃了一頓像芝士漢堡這樣的大餐，你會(huì)想等兩到三個(gè)小時(shí)再進(jìn)行戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)，由于富含脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)的大餐需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能通過消化過程。熱跑之后你應(yīng)當(dāng)吃東西嗎？不。你可以馬上補(bǔ)充水分，但要等到身體冷卻后再吃。這是由于消化食物會(huì)延遲你的身體恢復(fù)正常體溫)”可知，本段的建議是出門前不要吃太多東西。故A選項(xiàng)“出門前不要吃東西”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。18．依據(jù)本段主旨句“Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.(愛護(hù)你的皮膚——這是身體的冷卻系統(tǒng))”可知，本段主要建議愛護(hù)皮膚。前文“Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.(為了愛護(hù)你的皮膚，從防曬霜開頭)”敘述了可以使用防曬霜來愛護(hù)皮膚，空處應(yīng)是其他愛護(hù)皮膚的方式，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“并考慮穿寬松、輕松、能遮擋陽(yáng)光的衣服?！苯ㄗh穿有防曬作用的衣服，符合題意。故選F。19．依據(jù)上文“Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.(穿有助于身體呼吸的衣服)”以及后文“Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthatallowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.(穿吸汗的運(yùn)動(dòng)服，讓皮膚降溫。不要穿棉質(zhì)之類的衣服，由于它們能讓熱量接近你的身體)”可知，本段主要就穿的衣服提出了建議，C選項(xiàng)中clothing對(duì)應(yīng)后文clothing。故C選項(xiàng)“選擇合適的衣服也能讓你保持涼快”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。20．依據(jù)上文“Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.(在運(yùn)動(dòng)前、運(yùn)動(dòng)中和運(yùn)動(dòng)后補(bǔ)充水分。脫水真的會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上)”可知，本句主要是建議補(bǔ)充水分。故G選項(xiàng)“確保你在出門熬煉前至少一個(gè)小時(shí)喝水”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（2024·廣東肇慶·二模）ElmerWhitakersighedashelookedoverhismuddycrops.Aterrible21hadsweptthroughhisfarmthenightbefore,andhiscropswerenowcoveredin22anddestroyed.Hisneighbor,akindyoungmannamedThomas,23toofferhishelp."Whatadisaster,“Whitakersaid.”Mywholefamilyhasalwayssurvivedontheharvestsofthisfield.Ifeel24anddon'tknowwhattodonow.Thomascalmedhimdownandthoughtforamoment.“Iseethisnotasadisasterbutasan25,”hesaid.Whitakerlookedathim26.“Howcanitbe?”heasked.Thomassmiled27,“Nowyouhaveachancetotrysomethingnew.You’vealwaysgrownbeansandcabbages.Whynottryplanting28cropsthatwillalsofitinthissoil?Youcandiversifyandtherefore29yourfarmonceagain.”ElmerWhitakerconsideredthis.Thomaswasright-hehadbecomesetinhisways.Thisdisastercouldpushhimtomakehisfarm30andsustainableinanewway.“Youhave31me,”Whitakersaid.HeclappedThomasontheback.“Thankyouforshowingmetheopportunityinthisdifficulty.”AndsoWhitaker32newcropsandsoon,thefarmwasfulloflifeagain.Farmersfromneighboringtownswere33withthewonderofWhitaker’sfields,andtheybeganto34theircropsaswell.ElmerWhitaker’sfarmhasbecomea35ofadaptabilityandhope,tellingeveryonethatineverystorm,thereisachancefornewgrowth.21．A．force B．smoke C．war D．storm22．A．mud B．grass C．mist D．dust23．A．wenton B．setoff C．cameby D．burstin24．A．special B．desperate C．sensitive D．tireless25．A．opportunity B．a(chǎn)greement C．intention D．element26．A．a(chǎn)susual B．indisbelief C．onpurpose D．withpride27．A．innocently B．gratefully C．politely D．cheerfully28．A．major B．traditional C．different D．natural29．A．restore B．exchange C．donate D．a(chǎn)bandon30．A．formal B．diverse C．realistic D．obvious31．A．informed B．demanded C．enlightened D．promised32．A．tasted B．planted C．shared D．received33．A．careful B．troubled C．familiar D．impressed34．A．diversify B．remove C．deliver D．observe35．A．manner B．dream C．symbol D．cause【答案】21．D22．A23．C24．B25．A26．B27．D28．C29．A30．B31．C32．B33．D34．A35．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要敘述了ElmerWhitaker的農(nóng)場(chǎng)受災(zāi)后，開頭多樣化種植作物，ElmerWhitaker的農(nóng)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)成為適應(yīng)性和期望的象征，告知每個(gè)人，在每一次風(fēng)暴中，都有新的成長(zhǎng)機(jī)會(huì)。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一場(chǎng)可怕的風(fēng)暴席卷了他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，他的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥土掩蓋，被摧毀了。A.force武力；B.smoke煙霧；C.war戰(zhàn)斗；D.storm風(fēng)暴，暴風(fēng)雨。依據(jù)前文的“helookedoverhismuddycrops”和后文的“Whatadisaster”可知，這是一場(chǎng)災(zāi)難，而且災(zāi)難過后莊被泥土掩蓋，所以結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，storm意思合適。故選D項(xiàng)。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：前一天晚上，一場(chǎng)可怕的風(fēng)暴席卷了他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，他的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥漿掩蓋，被摧毀了。A.mud泥漿；B.grass草；C.mist霧；D.dust灰塵。依據(jù)前文的“helookedoverhismuddycrops”可知，Whitaker看著泥濘的莊稼，所以他的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥漿掩蓋。故選A項(xiàng)。23．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：他的鄰居，一個(gè)名叫Thomas的和善的年輕人，過來幫忙。A.wenton連續(xù)；B.setoff動(dòng)身；C.cameby過來；D.burstin闖進(jìn)。依據(jù)前文的“hiscropswerenowcoveredin2anddestroyed”和后文“toofferhishelp”可知，他的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥漿掩蓋，被摧毀了，所以一個(gè)名叫Thomas的和善的年輕人過來幫忙。故選C項(xiàng)。24．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到無望，不知道現(xiàn)在該怎么辦。A.special特殊的；B.desperate無望的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.tireless不知疲乏的。依據(jù)前文的“hiscropswerenowcoveredin2anddestroyed”和“Mywholefamilyhasalwayssurvivedontheharvestsofthisfield”可知，他的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥土掩蓋，被摧毀了，他的全家始終靠這片田地的收成生存，所以他感到無望。故選B項(xiàng)。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我認(rèn)為這不是災(zāi)難，而是機(jī)會(huì)，”他說。A.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；B.agreement協(xié)議；C.intention意圖；D.element要素。依據(jù)后文的“Nowyouhaveachancetotrysomethingnew.”可知，現(xiàn)在有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新事物，所以Thomas認(rèn)為這不是災(zāi)難，而是機(jī)會(huì)。故選A項(xiàng)。26．考查固定短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：Whitaker難以置信地看著他，問道:“這怎么可能？”A.asusual和平常一樣；B.indisbelief難以置信；C.onpurpose有意地；D.withpride傲慢地。依據(jù)后文的“Howcanitbe?”可知，Whitaker認(rèn)為這不行能，覺得難以置信。故選B項(xiàng)。27．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：Thomas興奮地笑著說:“現(xiàn)在你有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新事物了。你總是種豆子和卷心菜。為什么不嘗試種植適合這種土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多樣化，從而再次恢復(fù)你的農(nóng)場(chǎng)?！盇.innocently無辜地；B.gratefully感謝地；C.politely禮貌地；D.cheerfully興奮地。依據(jù)前文的“smiled”和后文“Nowyouhaveachancetotrysomethingnew”可知，Thomas認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在Whitaker有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新事物了，所以興奮地笑著說。故選D項(xiàng)。28．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Thomas興奮地笑著說:“現(xiàn)在你有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新事物了。你總是種豆子和卷心菜。為什么不嘗試種植適合這種土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多樣化，從而再次恢復(fù)你的農(nóng)場(chǎng)?！盇.major主要的；B.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；C.different不同的；D.natural自然的。依據(jù)后文的“Youcandiversify”可知，Thomas建議Whitaker多樣化種植，即種植不同的作物。故選C項(xiàng)。29．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Thomas興奮地笑著說:“現(xiàn)在你有機(jī)會(huì)嘗試新事物了。你總是種豆子和卷心菜。為什么不嘗試種植適合這種土壤的不同作物呢？你可以多樣化，從而再次恢復(fù)你的農(nóng)場(chǎng)?！盇.restore恢復(fù)；B.exchange交換；C.donate捐贈(zèng)；D.abandon放棄。依據(jù)前文的“andhiscropswerenowcoveredin2anddestroyed”和后文“yourfarmonceagain”可知，Whitaker的莊稼現(xiàn)在被泥漿掩蓋，被摧毀了，所以此處指嘗試種植適合這種土壤的不同作物，從而再次恢復(fù)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。故選A項(xiàng)。30．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難可能會(huì)促使他以一種新的方式使他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)多樣化和可持續(xù)進(jìn)展。A.formal正式的；B.diverse多樣的；C.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的；D.obvious明顯的。依據(jù)前文的“Youcandiversify”和“Thomaswasright-hehadbecomesetinhisways.”可知，Thomas建議Whitaker多樣化種植，Whitaker認(rèn)為Thomas是對(duì)的，應(yīng)當(dāng)使他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)多樣化。故選B項(xiàng)。31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“你啟發(fā)了我，”Whitaker說。A.informed通知；B.demanded需要；C.enlightened啟發(fā)；D.promised許諾。依據(jù)前文的“Thisdisastercouldpushhimtomakehisfarm10andsustainableinanewway.”可知，Whitaker認(rèn)為Thomas是對(duì)的，認(rèn)為這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難可能會(huì)促使他以一種新的方式使他的農(nóng)場(chǎng)多樣化和可持續(xù)進(jìn)展，所以Whitaker認(rèn)為Thomas啟發(fā)了自己。故選C項(xiàng)。32．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：于是Whitaker種上了新作物，很快，農(nóng)場(chǎng)又布滿了生氣。A.tasted品嘗；B.planted種植；C.shared共享；D.received收到。依據(jù)后文的“newcropsandsoon,thefarmwasfulloflifeagain”可知，農(nóng)場(chǎng)又布滿了生氣，所以可以看出Whitaker種上了新作物。故選B項(xiàng)。33．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：鄰近城鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)夫?qū)hitaker的奇特田地印象深刻，他們也開頭多樣化種植作物。A.careful當(dāng)心的；B.troubled陷入逆境的；C.familiar生疏的；D.impressed印象深刻的。依據(jù)后文的“withthewonderofWhitaker’sfields”可知，鄰近城鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)夫?qū)hitaker的奇特田地印象深刻。故選D項(xiàng)。34．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：鄰近城鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)夫?qū)hitaker的奇特田地印象深刻，他們也開頭多樣化種植作物。A.diversify(使)多樣化；B.remove去除；C.deliver交付；D.observe看到。依據(jù)前文的“Youcandiversify”、“Thomaswasright”和“theircropsaswell”可知，Whitaker種上了多種作物，鄰近城鎮(zhèn)的農(nóng)夫也開頭多樣化種植作物。故選A項(xiàng)。35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：ElmerWhitaker的農(nóng)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)成為適應(yīng)性和期望的象征，告知每個(gè)人，在每一次風(fēng)暴中，都有新的成長(zhǎng)機(jī)會(huì)。A.manner方式；B.dream幻想；C.symbol象征；D.cause緣由。依據(jù)后文的“ofadaptabilityandhope,tellingeveryonethatineverystorm,thereisachancefornewgrowth”可知，ElmerWhitaker的農(nóng)場(chǎng)已經(jīng)成為適應(yīng)性和期望的象征。故選C項(xiàng)。其次節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)（2024·遼寧·二模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThemainstructureoftheDatengxiawaterresourcesmanagementfacilityinSouthwestChinahasbeencompletedfourmonthsahead36schedule,theMinistryofWaterResourcessaidonSaturday.Theproject,37islocatedintheXijiangRiver,haseightpowergeneration38(unit),eachwithaninstalledcapacityof200,000kilowatts(千瓦).Itcan39(annual)generatemorethan6billionkilowatthoursofelectricity.Incooperationwithotherreservoirs(水庫(kù)),theprojectcanhelpWuzhou,acitywith40populationofover2.8millioninGuangxi,dealwithonce-in-a-hundred-yearfloods.Previously,thecitywasonlyabletoholdfloodsthatoccuronceevery50years.TheprojectalsoenablessomecitiesinthePearlRiverDelta41(resist)floodsthathappenonceeverytwocenturies.TheministrysaidtheDatengxiafacilitywillalsoprovidestrongsupportforruraldevelopment,offeringirrigation(澆灌)waterto80,000hectaresoffarmlandand42(address)drinkingwatershortageforalmost1.4millionpeopleinGuangxi.Theprojecthasalreadyplayed43(significance)rolesinthepastthreeyearswhenitwasputintotrialoperation.Forexample,inJunelastyear,ithelpedprevent44storeabout700millioncubicmetersoffloodwaterwhentheXijiangRiver45(hit)byaflood.Inthepeak,itreducedwaterflowby3,500cubicmeterspersecond.【答案】36．of37．which38．units39．a(chǎn)nnually40．a(chǎn)41．toresist42．a(chǎn)ddressing43．significant44．a(chǎn)nd45．washit【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇新聞報(bào)道，報(bào)道了大藤峽水資源管理項(xiàng)目的竣工及它對(duì)廣西水利樞紐的影響。36．考查介詞。句意：水利部周六表示，中國(guó)西南部大藤峽水資源管理設(shè)施的主體結(jié)構(gòu)已提前四個(gè)月完工。aheadofschedule意思為：提前，為固定短語(yǔ)。故填of。37．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：該項(xiàng)目位于西江流域，共有8臺(tái)發(fā)電機(jī)組，每臺(tái)裝機(jī)容量為20萬(wàn)千瓦。分析句子可知，空處缺少關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為project，作從句的主語(yǔ)，表示事物，用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。38．考查名詞。句意同上。unit意思為：?jiǎn)卧?，此處為與eight搭配，用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式units。故填uni