半導(dǎo)體物理器件歷史簡(jiǎn)介

FundamentalsofSemiconductorPhysics萬(wàn)歆ZhejiangInstituteofModernPhysicsxinwan@http:///~xinwan/Fall2006InmemoryofProf.Xie

Xide(1921-2000)Syllabus半導(dǎo)體電子學(xué)基礎(chǔ)-12學(xué)時(shí)

a)鍵和能帶b)雜質(zhì)和缺陷c)載流子的統(tǒng)計(jì)分布d)電荷輸運(yùn)半導(dǎo)體硅工藝-3學(xué)時(shí)結(jié)和接觸-9學(xué)時(shí)

a)p-n結(jié)b)異質(zhì)結(jié)c)金屬-半導(dǎo)體接觸MOS（金屬-氧化物-半導(dǎo)體）和金氧半場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管-6學(xué)時(shí)低維系統(tǒng)-6學(xué)時(shí)

a)二維電子氣和量子霍耳效應(yīng)b)量子線c)量子點(diǎn)自旋電子學(xué)-6學(xué)時(shí)

a)巨磁阻b)磁性半導(dǎo)體c)自旋輸運(yùn)和自旋器件學(xué)生報(bào)告-6學(xué)時(shí)TextbooksSolidStatePhysicsBooksAshcroft&MerminKittelChapter0.Introduction0.1AmongChinesewhobroughtsemiconductorphysicstoChinaare HuangKun（黃昆）

Xie

Xide

（謝希德）0.2Motivation0.3Past,nowandfuture 0.3.1Inventionoftransistor 0.3.2Semiconductorindustry 0.3.3FutureMotivationRapiddevelopmentinsemiconductorindustryRequiresfundamentalunderstandingofsemiconductorphysics

e.g.,transistors,giantmagnetoresistance(GMR),…Motivatesfundamentalphysicsproblems

e.g.,disorderedphysics,magneticsemiconductorsLeadstoinnovatedsamplesandtechniquesforexperiments e.g.,two-dimensionalelectrongases,quantumwires,dots,…Story:TheriseandfallofBellLaboratoriesSomeDevices1907 LED Round1947 BJT Bardeen,Brattain&Shockley1949 p-njunction Shockley1954 Solarcell Chapin,Fuller&Pearson1960 MOSFET Kahng&Atalla1962 Semicond.laser Halletal.1967 NVSM Kahng&Sze1970 CCD Boyle&Smith1974 RTD Chang,Esaki&Tsu1988 GMR Fertetal./Grünbergetal.Th