遼寧省葫蘆島市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1遼寧省葫蘆島市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題第Ⅰ卷（三部分，共95分）第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A2022TourDetails7-DayTourfromLondontoEdinburghALondonGuidewillshowyouthecity'sfamouslandmarkslikeBuckinghamPalace,DowningStreetandWestminsterAbbey.Then,inEdinburgh,you'lltourthecastleandseeScotland'sCrownJewels.Fromthehistoricalsightstothebeautifulscenery,thisguidedtourofEnglandandScotlandisagreatwaytoexperienceeverythingBritainhastooffer.Startingat:$8499-DayTourfromDublintoLondonYourguidedtourofIrelandandBritainbeginsinthecapitalcityofDublin.Enjoyseeingthe“FairCity”includingthestatue-linedohO'ConnellStreet,TrinityCollegeandSt.Patrick'sCathedral.Yourlocalguidewillshowyouthefamoussights,includingtheHousesofParliament,BigBen,WestminsterAbbeyandBuckinghamPalace.ThisguidedtourofIrelandandBritainisawelcomeescapewithfewercrowdsandlowercoststhanhigh-seasontours.Startingat:$1,0697-DayTourfromLondontoParisYourguidedvacationinLondonbeginswithawelcomedinnerandacruiseontheThamesRivertoadmiretheTowerBridgeandtheHousesofParliament.You'llspendthreenightsinLondontoseethesitsofthishistoriccity—fromBigBentoBuckinghamPalace,andalsoSt.Pail'sCathedral.Thenyou'llenjoya3-nightstayinParis.ThisincludessightseeingattheArcdeTriomphe,ConcordeSquare,clamps-Elysees,andashinecruise.ThisguidedtourofLondonandParisiscertaintobeenjoyablewithfewercrowdsintheoff-season!Startingat:$1,1491.Howmuchwouldthe7-daytourfromLondontoEdinburghcostacoupleatleast?A.$849. B.$1,149. C.$1,698. D.$2,138.2.Whichplacecanyouvisitifyoutakethe9-daytourfromDublintoLondon?A.TrinityCollege. B.DowningStreet. C.TheThamesRiver. D.ConcordeSquare.3.Whatdothethreetourshaveincommon?A.Theycoverthesamenumberofsights.B.TheyallbegininthecapitalcityofLondon.C.Theytakepeoplethesameamountoftime. D.TheyallincludeavisittoBuckinghamPalace.〖答案〗1.C2.A3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了旅行社提供的三個(gè)旅游設(shè)計(jì)方案?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容“Startingat:$849(起價(jià)：849美元)”可知，一個(gè)人849，夫妻兩人1698。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容“YourguidedtourofIrelandandBritainbeginsinthecapitalcityofDublin.Enjoyseeingthe“FairCity”includingthestatue-linedohO'ConnellStreet,TrinityCollegeandSt.Patrick'sCathedral.(您的愛(ài)爾蘭和英國(guó)導(dǎo)覽游從首都都柏林開(kāi)始。欣賞“美麗的城市”，包括雕像林立的奧康奈爾街、三一學(xué)院和圣帕特里克大教堂)”可知，這個(gè)旅游路線(xiàn)可以參觀TrinityCollege。故選A項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容“ALondonGuidewillshowyouthecity'sfamouslandmarkslikeBuckinghamPalace,DowningStreetandWestminsterAbbey.(倫敦指南將向您展示這座城市的著名地標(biāo)，如白金漢宮、唐寧街和威斯敏斯特教堂)”和第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容“Yourlocalguidewillshowyouthefamoussights,includingtheHousesofParliament,BigBen,WestminsterAbbeyandBuckinghamPalace.(您當(dāng)?shù)氐膶?dǎo)游會(huì)帶您參觀著名的景點(diǎn)，包括國(guó)會(huì)大廈、大本鐘、威斯敏斯特教堂和白金漢宮)”和第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容“You'llspendthreenightsinLondontoseethesitsofthishistoriccity—fromBigBentoBuckinghamPalace,andalsoSt.Pail'sCathedral.(您將在倫敦度過(guò)三個(gè)晚上，參觀這座歷史悠久的城市——從大本鐘到白金火腿宮，以及圣帕伊爾大教堂)”可知，這三個(gè)旅游規(guī)劃都能參觀BuckinghamPalace。故選D項(xiàng)。BDeannaStellato-Dudekretiredin2001becauseofinjuries.Butthisweek,sheachievedtheunthinkable.WithherpartnerMaximeDeschamps,the40-year-oldformerretireedefeatedathleteslessthanhalfherageandbecametheoldestwomantowinaWorldFigureSkatingChampionship.Evenmoreremarkable,shediditinthepairsevent,inwhichthetopwomenarethrownacrosstheice,liftedovertheirpartners’headswithonearm,andtossed(拋)morethan10feetintheair.Stellato-Dudekhadanimpressivejuniorcareerasasinglesskater,winningthe1999-2000InternationalJuniorGrandPrixFinalandreceivingthesilvermedalatthe2000WorldJuniorChampionships.However,by2001,afewsignificantinjuriesledtoherdecisiontoretireatage17.Forthenext16years,Stellato-Dudeklivedarelativelynormaladulthood.Shebecameasuccessfulaesthetician(美學(xué)家)andgotmarried.Shewasnolongerattemptingriskytriple(轉(zhuǎn)體三周的)jumpsoninternationalice.Butthefeelingsofunfinishedbusinesskeptdisturbingher—whethershehadquitthesporttooearlyandwhethershehadmoretoachieveinskating.Soshetriedonheroldskatesandattemptedtheimpossible—learninghowtobecomeapairsskaterinher30sandreturningtocompetitiveice.Hereffortspaidoff,andnowStellato-Dudekandherpartnerareunlikelyworldchampionsatages40and32.Stellato-Dudeksaidshehopedthehistoricvictoryinspiredeveryone,evennon-skaters,whomightthinkitwastoolatetopursueandachievetheirgoals.“Ihopeitencouragespeoplenottostopbeforetheyreachtheirpotential,”shetoldreportersafterwinningthetitleThursdaynight.Stellato-Dudekisnotdone.Hernextmajorgoalistocompeteinthe2026WinterOlympicsatage42.“Sheisafighter,”herpartnersaid.“Forher,it’stheOlympicseveryday.”4.WhatdoweknowaboutStellato-Dudekfromparagraph1?A.Sheenteredthecompetitionalone.B.Shewasyoungerthanhercompetitors.C.Shereturnedtoskatingbecauseshelostherjob.D.Shewonthechampionshipinpairsskating.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutStellato-Dudek?A.Herpastachievements. B.Hercareerplans.C.Thechallengesshemet. D.Thetrainingshewentthrough.6.WhatdidStellato-Dudekdoafterherretirement?A.Sheworkedasacoach. B.Shegotmarried.C.Shethrewawayheroldskates. D.Shekepttryingriskytriplejumps.7.WhichwordcanbestdescribeStellato-Dudek?A.Wiseandsympathetic. B.Ambitiousanddetermined.C.Creativeandgenerous. D.Considerateandcautious.〖答案〗4.D5.A6.B7.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了DeannaStellato-Dudek贏得世界花樣滑冰錦標(biāo)賽雙人滑項(xiàng)目冠軍的故事。【4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“DeannaStellato-Dudekretiredin2001becauseofinjuries.Butthisweek,sheachievedtheunthinkable.WithherpartnerMaximeDeschamps,the40-year-oldformerretireedefeatedathleteslessthanhalfherageandbecametheoldestwomantowinaWorldFigureSkatingChampionship.(迪安娜·斯特拉托-杜德克于2001年因傷退役。但本周，她實(shí)現(xiàn)了一件不可思議的事。與搭檔馬克西姆·德尚(MaximeDeschamps)一起，這位40歲的前退役運(yùn)動(dòng)員擊敗了年齡不到她一半的運(yùn)動(dòng)員，成為贏得世界花樣滑冰冠軍的年齡最大的女性)”可知，Stellato-Dudek贏得了雙人滑冰的冠軍。故選D?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Stellato-Dudekhadanimpressivejuniorcareerasasinglesskater,winningthe1999—2000InternationalJuniorGrandPrixFinalandreceivingthesilvermedalatthe2000WorldJuniorChampionships.(斯特拉托-杜德克的青少年單人滑生涯令人印象深刻，他贏得了1999-2000年國(guó)際青少年大獎(jiǎng)賽決賽，并在2000年世界青少年錦標(biāo)賽上獲得銀牌)”可知，本段主要介紹了Stellato-Dudek過(guò)去的成就。故選A。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“However,by2001,afewsignificantinjuriesledtoherdecisiontoretireatage17.Forthenext16years,Stellato-Dudeklivedarelativelynormaladulthood.Shebecameasuccessfulaesthetician(美學(xué)家)andgotmarried.(然而，到了2001年，幾次嚴(yán)重的傷病導(dǎo)致她決定在17歲時(shí)退役。在接下來(lái)的16年里，斯特拉托-杜德克過(guò)著相對(duì)正常的成年生活。她成為了一名成功的美學(xué)家并結(jié)婚了)”可知，Stellato-Dudek退役后結(jié)婚了。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Soshetriedonheroldskatesandattemptedtheimpossible—learninghowtobecomeapairsskaterinher30sandreturningtocompetitiveice.(于是，她穿上舊冰鞋，嘗試著完成不可能完成的任務(wù)——學(xué)習(xí)如何在30多歲時(shí)成為一名雙人滑運(yùn)動(dòng)員，并重返賽場(chǎng))”，和最后一段“Stellato-Dudekisnotdone.Hernextmajorgoalistocompeteinthe2026WinterOlympicsatage42.”Sheisafighter,”herpartnersaid.“Forher,it’stheOlympicseveryday.”(斯特拉托-杜德克還沒(méi)結(jié)束。她的下一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)是在42歲時(shí)參加2026年冬奧會(huì)?！八莻€(gè)斗士，”她的伴侶說(shuō)?！皩?duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)，每天都是奧運(yùn)會(huì)?！?”可推斷，Stellato-Dudek是一個(gè)有決心和抱負(fù)的人。故選B。CBirdsusuallybuildtheirnestswithsticks,leavesorgrass.Butdoyouknowthatbirdsarealsobuildingtheirnestswithrubbishtheseyears?Therubbishincludescigarettebutts(煙頭)andplasticbags.AgroupofEuropeanscientistslookedintoabout35,000studiesonbirdnests.Theyfoundthatbirdshaveusedman-madethingsinnestsalmosteverywhereonEarthexceptAntarctica.Somerubbishseemstobehelpful.Thisiswhybirds“l(fā)ike”puttingitintheirnests.Forexample,cigarettebuttshaveaspecialsmell,sotheycankeepinsectsawayandprotectthebabybirds.Plasticbagsareusefulinkeepingtheanimalswarm,andotherhardthings,suchaspapercards,canmakenestsstronger.However,intheend,humanrubbishmayonlybringmoreharmtobirds.Thetoxicchemicalsincigaretteshurtthebabybirds.Theymaygetsickorhaveshorterlives,accordingtoastudy.Tomakemattersworse,ifthecigarettestillburnswhenthebirdbringsitbacktoitshome,itmaysetfiretothenest.Piecesoffishingnetmayalsotrapbirds,andit’simpossibleforthemtogetoutbythemselves.Ifthebabybirdseatotherkindsofrubbishbyaccident,theywillalsogethurt.Ourbirdfriendsintheairarefeelingthebadeffectsofhumanspollutingtheenvironment.8.WhatdidtheEuropeanscientistsfind?A.Thereisrubbishinthenestsofmanybirds.B.Somepeoplehelpbirdsbuildtheirnests.C.ThereisalmostnobirdlivinginAntarctica.D.Birdscanhelppickuprubbish.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“toxic”inParagraph3mean?A.Smelly. B.Beneficial.C.Poisonous. D.Splendid.10.Howcancigarettebutts“help”birds?A.Theycanburnotherharmfulrubbish.B.Theycanmakenestsstronger.C.Theycankeepbirdswarm.D.Theycankeepinsectsaway.11.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theharmfulactivitiesthathumanshavedonetotheenvironment.B.Theharmthattheenvironmentbringstothewildanimals.C.Thereasonwhybirdslikeusingrubbishtobuildtheirnests.D.Humanrubbishmaybringmoreharmtobirds.〖答案〗8.A9.C10.D11.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章對(duì)于鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)在筑巢時(shí)使用垃圾這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了介紹，特別是探討了鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)為何會(huì)利用像煙頭和塑料袋等人造物品筑巢，以及這一行為背后對(duì)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)產(chǎn)生的正反兩面影響?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Theyfoundthatbirdshaveusedman-madethingsinnestsalmosteverywhereonEarthexceptAntarctica.”（他們發(fā)現(xiàn)除了南極洲之外，幾乎地球上所有地方的鳥(niǎo)巢中都有人造物品）可知，歐洲科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)許多鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的巢穴中有垃圾。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thetoxicchemicalsincigaretteshurtthebabybirds.”（煙頭中的toxic化學(xué)物質(zhì)傷害幼鳥(niǎo)）可知，有毒的化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)傷害幼鳥(niǎo)。toxic的意思是“有毒的”，與C項(xiàng)“Poisonous”同義。故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Forexample,cigarettebuttshaveaspecialsmell,sotheycankeepinsectsawayandprotectthebabybirds.”（例如，煙頭有一種特殊的味道，可以驅(qū)趕昆蟲(chóng)，保護(hù)幼鳥(niǎo)）可知，煙頭可以幫助鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)是因?yàn)樗鼈兡茯?qū)趕昆蟲(chóng)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Tomakemattersworse,ifthecigarettestillburnswhenthebirdbringsitbacktoitshome,itmaysetfiretothenest.Piecesoffishingnetmayalsotrapbirds,andit’simpossibleforthemtogetoutbythemselves.Ifthebabybirdseatotherkindsofrubbishbyaccident,theywillalsogethurt.Ourbirdfriendsintheairarefeelingthebadeffectsofhumanspollutingtheenvironment.”（更糟糕的是，如果煙還在燃燒，當(dāng)鳥(niǎo)把它帶回它的家，它可能會(huì)點(diǎn)燃鳥(niǎo)巢。漁網(wǎng)的碎片也可能困住鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)，它們不可能自己出來(lái)。如果幼鳥(niǎo)不小心吃了其他種類(lèi)的垃圾，它們也會(huì)受傷。我們?cè)诳罩械镍B(niǎo)朋友正在感受人類(lèi)污染環(huán)境的不良影響。）可知，第四段主要關(guān)于人類(lèi)的垃圾可能會(huì)給鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)帶來(lái)更多的傷害。故選D項(xiàng)。DThewinneroftheNaturalHistoryMuseumofLondon’sWildlifePhotographeroftheYearAwardisNimaSarikhani,forherimageofapolarbearsleepingonseaice,whichiscalled“IceBed”.ItwastakeninNorway’sSvalbardarchipelago.Sarikhanispentthreedayslookingforpolarbearsbutwithoutsuccessastheyweretrappedinathickfog.Butthen,astheshipcameacrosssomeseaice,shesawtwopolarbears.Sheandherteamtrackedthemforeighthours.Andunderthelightofthemidnightsun,thebearclawedoutabedonasmallicebergbeforesleeping.Thephotographinspiresstrongemotionsinallitsviewers.Whileclimatechangeisthebiggestchallengeforhumans,thephotographalsoinspireshopethatthereisstilltimetofixthemesswehavecaused.Polarbearsareknowntodigthemselvesspotstosleepin,whicharesometimesreferredtoas“daybed”.They’realsoknowntotakeone-totwo-hour-longsleeps,especiallyafteragoodmeal.Accordingtothemuseum,theareawherethepolarbearwastakenonfilmisamongthemostisolated(孤立)intheworld,andholdsapopulationof19polarbearsthatrelyontheseaicetotravelandhuntoffshore.ButairtemperaturesinSvalbardhaveincreasedby3℃to5℃overthepast40to50years,whichhasresultedinheavywinterrainfallandsomeareasbeingice-freemostoftheyear.Whilethebearsthatfollowseaicemaystillbeabletohuntyear-round,thisisincreasinglyoverdeeperwaters,whichmaybelessproductive.Lessseaiceforpolarbearstouseasawaytosafelytravelhasalsoledtotheanimalshavinglessgenetic(基因的)diversity.Therearen’tasmanyopportunitiesfordifferentgroupstomix.Thisisleadingtoincreasedinbreedingamonglocalbears.Atpresent,Svalbard’spolarbearpopulationisstillconsideredtobestable,butasglobaltemperaturescontinuetoincrease,thatmaynotbethecaseforlong.12.WhatmadeitdifficultforSarikhanitospotpolarbearsinthebeginning?A.Theoutdatedequipment. B.Theterribleweather.C.Thelackofsupport. D.Thetightschedule.13.WhatposesarisktopolarbearsinSvalbard?A.Thelossofseaice. B.Theextremelylowtemperature.C.Theisolatedposition. D.Theincreaseingeneticdiversity.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothefutureofSvalbard’spolarbears?A.Uncaring. B.Worried. C.Unclear. D.Optimistic.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Norway’sSvalbardArchipelago B.TheBiggestChallengeforPolarBearsC.AnAward-WinningPhoto“IceBed” D.TheReductioninPolarBearPopulation〖答案〗12.B13.A14.B15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一則新聞報(bào)道。世界上最負(fù)盛名的野生動(dòng)物攝影獎(jiǎng)之一的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)掌且恢幻匀擞挚蓯?ài)的北極熊，由此引發(fā)了人們對(duì)于保護(hù)北極熊，關(guān)注氣候變暖的共鳴?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Sarikhanispentthreedayslookingforpolarbearsbutwithoutsuccessastheyweretrappedinathickfog.(Sarikhani花了三天時(shí)間尋找北極熊，但沒(méi)有成功，因?yàn)樗麄儽焕г跐忪F中)”可知，糟糕的天氣狀況使發(fā)現(xiàn)北極熊的工作非常困難。故選B。【13題詳析】filmisamongthemostisolated(孤立)intheworld,andholdsapopulationof19polarbearsthatrelyontheseaicetotravelandhuntoffshore.ButairtemperaturesinSvalbardhaveincreasedby3℃to5℃overthepast40to50years,whichhasresultedinheavywinterrainfallandsomeareasbeingice-freemostoftheyear.(據(jù)博物館介紹，拍攝北極熊的地區(qū)是世界上最與世隔絕的地區(qū)之一，這里有19只北極熊，它們依靠海冰在海上旅行和捕獵。但在過(guò)去的40到50年里，斯瓦爾巴群島的氣溫上升了3到5攝氏度，這導(dǎo)致了冬季的強(qiáng)降雨，一些地區(qū)一年中大部分時(shí)間都沒(méi)有冰)”可知，北極熊依靠海冰在海上行走和捕獵，但是隨著氣溫上升，海冰減少，它們捕獵的成果可能會(huì)減少。也就是說(shuō)，海冰的減少會(huì)對(duì)北極熊造成威脅。故選A?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Atpresent,Svalbard’spolarbearpopulationisstillconsideredtobestable,butasglobaltemperaturescontinuetoincrease,thatmaynotbethecaseforlong.(目前，斯瓦爾巴群島的北極熊數(shù)量仍然被認(rèn)為是穩(wěn)定的，但隨著全球氣溫的持續(xù)上升，這種情況可能不會(huì)持續(xù)太久)”可推知，作者擔(dān)憂(yōu)該地區(qū)的北極熊。故選B?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ThewinneroftheNaturalHistoryMuseumofLondon’sWildlifePhotographeroftheYearAwardisNimaSarikhani,forherimageofapolarbearsleepingonseaice,whichiscalled“IceBed”.ItwastakeninNorway’sSvalbardarchipelago.(NimaSarikhani獲得了倫敦自然歷史博物館年度野生動(dòng)物攝影師獎(jiǎng)，她拍攝了一只北極熊在海冰上睡覺(jué)的照片，這張照片被稱(chēng)為“冰床”。這張照片拍攝于挪威的斯瓦爾巴群島)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了世界上最負(fù)盛名的野生動(dòng)物攝影獎(jiǎng)之一的獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)掌且恢幻匀擞挚蓯?ài)的北極熊，由此引發(fā)了人們對(duì)于保護(hù)北極熊，關(guān)注氣候變暖的共鳴。C選項(xiàng)“獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)掌侗病贰弊罘衔恼聵?biāo)題。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Fungi(真菌)playanimportantroleinecosystems,areasourceoffood,andmakekeycontributionstotheworldofmedicine.____16____Anestimatedtwomillionfungalspecies—morethan90%ofallfungi—haveyettobedescribedbyscience,accordingtoasciencereporter.____17____Scientistsaretryingtofindoutmoreaboutthislargelyunexploredworld,butitischallenging.DrMartynAinsworth,aseniorresearcherfromRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,inLondon,says,“Wecangrowacertainnumberinthelab.____18____Thishasheldbackalotofresearch.”____19____“Alotofpeopleareafraidofpoisonousmushrooms,”saysDrJassyDrakulic,aplantpathologist,“butonlyaverysmallproportionofthethousandsofspeciesoffungiintheworldcancausedisease.”Mostareharmlessandoftenbeneficial,calledbysome“thehiddenhelpersofourenvironment”.Somefungiprovidefoodandshelterforwildlife,helpplantsabsorbwaterandnutrientsandrecyclewasteanddeadmatter.Othertypesoffungigrowontherootsoftreesandplants,formingahugeundergroundnetworkthathelpsnourishtrees.____20____So,nexttimeyouaddmushroomstoyourdinner,takeapainkillerforaheadache,orgoforawalkthroughthewoods,remembertothankthelivingthingsthatmadeitallpossible—fungi.A.Aremushroomsatypeoffungus?B.So,whydoweknowsolittleaboutthem?C.Wetlandsareimportantbecausetheyprovidefoodandshelterforwildlife.D.Thefactthatweknowsolittleaboutfungileadsustomisunderstandthem.E.“Fungiarereallythebehind-the-scenesteamdoingallthework,”addsDrAinsworth.F.Butthereisawholehostoffungithatwecannotgrowinthelab.G.IntheUK,therearearound25,000speciesoffungi—fiveorsixtimesmorethanplants.〖答案〗16.B17.G18.F19.D20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章主要介紹了真菌的作用?！?6題詳析】上文“Fungi(真菌)playanimportantroleinecosystems,areasourceoffood,andmakekeycontributionstotheworldofmedicine.(真菌在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著重要作用，是食物的來(lái)源，并為醫(yī)學(xué)界做出了重要貢獻(xiàn))”提到真菌的重要作用，下文“Anestimatedtwomillionfungalspecie—morethan90%ofallfungi—haveyettobedescribedbyscience(估計(jì)有200萬(wàn)種真菌——占所有真菌的90%以上——尚未被科學(xué)描述)”提到90%以上的真菌尚未被科學(xué)描述，B項(xiàng)“那么，為什么我們對(duì)它們知之甚少呢？”承上啟下，B項(xiàng)中it指代上文中的“Fungi”，故選B。【17題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Anestimatedtwomillionfungalspecie—morethan90%ofallfungi—haveyettobedescribedbyscience(估計(jì)有200萬(wàn)種真菌——占所有真菌的90%以上——尚未被科學(xué)描述)”可知，估計(jì)有200萬(wàn)種真菌尚未被科學(xué)描述，G項(xiàng)“在英國(guó)，大約有25000種真菌，是植物的5到6倍”承接上文，進(jìn)一步描述真菌的龐大數(shù)量，故選G。【18題詳析】上文“Wecangrowacertainnumberinthelab.(我們可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里培育一定數(shù)量的植物)”提到可以在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里培育一定數(shù)量的植物，結(jié)合下文“Thishasheldbackalotofresearch.(這阻礙了很多研究)”可知，空處應(yīng)是提及阻礙研究的因素，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“但是有很多真菌是我們無(wú)法在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里培養(yǎng)的”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“‘Alotofpeopleareafraidofpoisonousmushrooms,’saysDrJassyDrakulic,aplantpathologist,‘butonlyaverysmallproportionofthethousandsofspeciesoffungiintheworldcancausedisease.’(植物病理學(xué)家JassyDrakulic博士說(shuō)：‘很多人都害怕有毒的蘑菇，但在世界上成千上萬(wàn)種真菌中，只有很小一部分會(huì)致病?！?”可知，真菌被人們誤解，D項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)真菌知之甚少，這使我們對(duì)它們產(chǎn)生了誤解”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Othertypesoffungigrowontherootsoftreesandplants,formingahugeundergroundnetworkthathelpsnourishtrees.(其他種類(lèi)的真菌生長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)木和植物的根部，形成一個(gè)巨大的地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)，幫助滋養(yǎng)樹(shù)木)”可知，真菌生長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)木和植物的根部，形成一個(gè)巨大的地下網(wǎng)絡(luò)，幫助滋養(yǎng)樹(shù)木，E項(xiàng)“‘真菌確實(shí)是幕后團(tuán)隊(duì)，完成了所有的工作，’Ainsworth博士補(bǔ)充道”總結(jié)上文真菌的作用，E項(xiàng)“behind-the-scenes”呼應(yīng)上文“ahugeundergroundnetwork”，真菌在地下形成巨大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，是幕后團(tuán)隊(duì)，故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。InFebruary2020,Max’sfriendRickwasdiagnosedwithcancer.Max___21___Rickduringthelastmonthofhislife,thusbecoming___22___ofthecareprovidedtohisfriendbyNorthDevonHospice.“ThehospitaltooksuchgoodcareofhimthatIwantedtodosomethingtoshowmy___23___,”saysMax.Max___24___afundraisingmissioninMarch2020.WhenMaxfirstputupatentintheyardofhishouse,hewas10yearsoldandhadjust___25___hisfriendRick.“Beforemyfrienddiedofcancer,hegavemeatentandtoldmeto‘haveanadventure’,”saysMax.Throughayears-longcampaign,hebecameknownas“TheBoyintheTent”and___26___morethan￡700,000in2023.Sucha___27___allowedthehospitalto___28___around500patientsintheirownhomes,helpingthemfacethe___29___ofanillnesslikecancer.Whenherecallshis____30____experiences,Maxsaysthathedoesn’t____31____asinglethingaboutthepastthreeyears.It’seasytoimagine,however,thepastyearsweren’tfreeof____32____forMax:fromcollapsedtentstokeepingwarmthroughoutstormsandsnowynights.Maxfacedeverythingwithhispositiveattitudeandgoal-drivenmind.“Onetimemytentcollapsedinthewindandrainatabout10:00pmandI____33____toputitupagain,”hesays.“Despiteall,Ididn’tgaveup.I____34____lovemyone-of-a-kindadventureandIbelieveRickwouldenjoyitaswellifhewere____35____.”21.A.saved B.cured C.missed D.supported22.A.ashamed B.proud C.aware D.tired23.A.ambition B.concern C.appreciation D.generosity24.A.started B.continued C.delayed D.completed25.A.contacted B.lost C.treated D.found26.A.raised B.withdrew C.spent D.earned27.A.variety B.style C.theme D.sum28.A.turndown B.carefor C.giveup D.pickout29.A.arrival B.research C.impact D.source30.A.suffering B.camping C.nursing D.volunteering31.A.repeat B.remember C.describe D.regret32.A.repairs B.performances C.diseases D.challenges33.A.managed B.promised C.hesitated D.hoped34.A.actually B.similarly C.regularly D.usually35.A.optimistic B.present C.strong D.generous〖答案〗21.D22.C23.C24.A25.B26.A27.D28.B29.C30.B31.D32.D33.A34.A35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Max在Rick生命的最后幾個(gè)月里一直支持著他，了解到NorthDevon臨終院為他朋友提供的照顧后，發(fā)起了為醫(yī)院籌集資金的活動(dòng)，以表示對(duì)醫(yī)院的感激?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Max在Rick生命的最后幾個(gè)月里一直支持著他，從而了解到了NorthDevon臨終院為他朋友提供的照顧。A.saved救；B.cured治愈；C.missed想念；D.supported支持。根據(jù)后文“thusbecoming____ofthecareprovidedtohisfriendbyNorthDevonHospice.”可知，Max了解了臨終院對(duì)他朋友的照顧，因此在他朋友Rick生命的最后幾個(gè)月里，他一直支持著他，陪伴著他。故選D?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.ashamed羞愧的；B.proud驕傲的；C.aware意識(shí)到的；D.tired疲憊的。根據(jù)后文“ThehospitaltooksuchgoodcareofhimthatIwantedtodosomethingtoshowmy____,”saysMax.”可知，Max說(shuō)醫(yī)院把他朋友照顧得如此好，故此處指他意識(shí)到醫(yī)院對(duì)他朋友提供的照顧。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Max說(shuō)道：“醫(yī)院把他照顧得如此好，因此我想要做一些事情來(lái)表達(dá)我的感激?！盇.ambition抱負(fù)心；B.concern關(guān)心；C.appreciation感激；D.generosity慷慨。根據(jù)后文“Max____afundraisingmissioninMarch2020.”可知，Max開(kāi)始為醫(yī)院籌集資金，此處表示他想做一些事情來(lái)感謝醫(yī)院將他朋友照顧得如此好。故選C。【24題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Max于2020年3月開(kāi)始了資金籌集活動(dòng)。A.started開(kāi)始；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.delayed延遲；D.completed完成。根據(jù)后文“Throughayears-longcampaign,hebecameknownas“TheBoyintheTent”and6morethan￡700,000in2023.”可知，在長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾年的活動(dòng)后，他于2023年籌集到了70萬(wàn)英鎊，故此處表示2020年3月開(kāi)始這一活動(dòng)。故選A。【25題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他在房子的院子里第一次搭帳篷的時(shí)候他才10歲，且剛剛失去了朋友Rick。A.contacted聯(lián)系；B.lost失去；C.treated治療；D.found找到。根據(jù)前文“Max____Rickduringthelastmonthofhislife”可知，Max在Rick生命的最后幾個(gè)月里一直支持著他，故此處指他失去了Rick這個(gè)朋友。故選B?！?6題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：通過(guò)長(zhǎng)達(dá)一年的活動(dòng)，他成為了著名的“帳篷里的男孩”，在2023年籌集了70萬(wàn)英鎊。A.raised籌集；B.withdrew撤回；C.spent花費(fèi)；D.earned賺取。根據(jù)后文“Sucha____allowedthehospitalto____around500patientsintheirownhomes”可知，這筆錢(qián)能讓這個(gè)醫(yī)院照顧500個(gè)病人，故此處指他在2023年籌集了70萬(wàn)英鎊。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這樣的一筆錢(qián)能讓這個(gè)醫(yī)院照顧大約500個(gè)病人，幫助他們面對(duì)向癌癥這樣的疾病給他們帶來(lái)的影響。A.variety種類(lèi)；B.style風(fēng)格；C.theme主題；D.sum金額。根據(jù)前文“Throughayears-longcampaign,hebecameknownas“TheBoyintheTent”and____morethan￡700,000in2023.”以及語(yǔ)境可知，2023年他籌集到了70萬(wàn)英鎊，故此處指這筆錢(qián)能幫助照顧病人。故選D。【28題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：同上。A.turndown拒絕；B.carefor照顧；C.giveup放棄；D.pickout挑選出。根據(jù)空前“allowedthehospitalto”可知，這筆錢(qián)能讓醫(yī)院來(lái)照顧生病的病人。故選B?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.arrival到達(dá)；B.research研究；C.impact影響；D.source來(lái)源。根據(jù)前文“thusbecoming____ofthecareprovidedtohisfriendbyNorthDevonHospice.”可知，這是一個(gè)臨終院，其目的是為了照顧癌癥病人，故此處指幫助這些病人面對(duì)疾病對(duì)他們?cè)斐傻纳钌系挠绊?。故選C?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他回憶起他露營(yíng)經(jīng)歷時(shí)，他說(shuō)他不會(huì)后悔過(guò)去三年的任何一件事情。A.suffering遭受；B.camping露營(yíng)；C.nursing護(hù)理；D.volunteering志愿服務(wù)。根據(jù)前文“Throughayears-longcampaign,hebecameknownas“TheBoyintheTent””可知，他是著名的“帳篷里的男孩”，故此處指他回憶起露營(yíng)的經(jīng)歷。故選B?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.repeat重復(fù)；B.remember記??；C.describe描述；D.regret后悔。根據(jù)后文“It’seasytoimagine,however,thepastyearsweren’tfreeof____forMax:fromcollapsedtentstokeepingwarmthroughoutstormsandsnowynights.”可知，過(guò)去的三年里，他一直堅(jiān)持睡在帳篷里，不管風(fēng)暴雨雪天氣，一直堅(jiān)持，故此處指他沒(méi)有后悔任何一件事情。故選D。【32題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，不難想象，過(guò)去的幾年對(duì)馬克斯來(lái)說(shuō)并不是沒(méi)有挑戰(zhàn)：從倒塌的帳篷到暴風(fēng)雪和雪夜的保暖。A.repairs修復(fù)；B.performances表演；C.diseases疾病；D.challenges挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)后文“fromcollapsedtentstokeepingwarmthroughoutstormsandsnowynights”可知，從倒塌的帳篷到如何在風(fēng)雨天氣中保暖，這些都是對(duì)Max面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他說(shuō)：“有一次，我的帳篷在晚上10點(diǎn)被風(fēng)吹倒了，而我又成功地將它再次搭起來(lái)了。”A.managed設(shè)法完成；B.promised承諾；C.hesitated猶豫；D.hoped希望。根據(jù)空后“toputitupagain”可知，風(fēng)將帳篷吹倒了，他在夜晚的風(fēng)雨中又將帳篷成功地搭起來(lái)了。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我真地喜歡這種冒險(xiǎn)，并且我相信Rick也會(huì)喜歡的，如果他還活著的話(huà)。A.actually真正地；B.similarly相似地；C.regularly有規(guī)律地；D.usually通常。根據(jù)后文“andIbelieveRickwouldenjoyitaswell”可知，他相信Rick也會(huì)喜歡這個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)的，故此處指他自己也真的喜歡冒險(xiǎn)。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.optimistic樂(lè)觀的；B.present存在的；C.strong強(qiáng)壯的；D.generous慷慨的。根據(jù)前文“andIbelieveRickwouldenjoyitaswell”可知，他相信如果Rick還活著，還存在在這個(gè)世界上的話(huà)，也會(huì)喜歡這個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)。故選B。第Ⅱ卷（滿(mǎn)分55分）注意：將〖答案〗寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Shuttlecock(毽子)kickingisatraditionalpopularfolkgame.ThefungamegainedpopularityduringtheTangDynasty,whenstores___36___(specialize)intheshuttlecockbusinessappeared.IntheQingDynasty,shuttlecockkickingreacheditspeakintermsofbothmaking___37___(technique)andkickingskills.Tomakeafeathershuttlecock,apieceofclothwrappedaroundacoin___38___(need).Throughthecoinholeyoucansticksomefeathers,___39___functionistodelaytherisingandfallingoftheshuttlecock.Thereareagreatnumberofvariationsinstylesandmethodsofkicking.Withonelegfixedontheground,theshuttlecockiskickedbytheinnerankleof___40___other.Someotherstylesincludekickingtheshuttlecockbackwardsandforwardsbetweentwopeople.Thosewhoadvancetoahighlevelofmasterycanperformsomeactionsthatare___41___(fair)wonderful.Playingwithshuttlecocksis___42___(benefit)tohealth.Whenpeoplearekicking,variouspartsofthebodyneedtoworktogether,which___43___(enhance)balancecapabilitiesandphysicalflexibilityandhelpsthemstrengthentheirlegs.Besides,shuttlecockkickingisconvenient___44___(play).Itcanbepracticedjustaboutanywhereandanytime.SincetheestablishmentoftheChineseShuttlecockKickingAssociationin1987,thenationalshuttlecockkickingtournamenthasbeenheldannually,appealing____45____peopleofallages.〖答案〗36.specializing37.techniques38.isneeded39.whose40.the41.fairly42.beneficial43.enhances44.toplay45.to【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文，文章介紹了踢毽子的歷史，毽子的制作方法、如何踢以及踢毽子的好處。【36題詳析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：這種有趣的游戲在唐代開(kāi)始流行，當(dāng)時(shí)專(zhuān)門(mén)從事毽子生意的商店出現(xiàn)了。動(dòng)詞specialize和stores之間是主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填specializing?！?7題詳析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意；在清代，踢毽子在制作技術(shù)和踢法上都達(dá)到了頂峰。technique是可數(shù)名詞，結(jié)合和空處并列的skills可知此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式作賓語(yǔ)，故填techniques。【38題詳析】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：要制作羽絨毽子，需要用一塊布包裹一枚硬幣。主語(yǔ)coin和動(dòng)詞need之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且句子是描述一個(gè)事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)表示單數(shù)意義，故填isneeded。【39題詳析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：通過(guò)硬幣孔可以插入一些羽毛，其作用是延緩毽子的起落?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是feathers，關(guān)系詞在從句中作定語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose，故填whose?！?0題詳析】考查冠詞。句意；一只腿固定在地面上，另一只腳用腳踝內(nèi)側(cè)踢毽子。由空前oneleg可知，此處需用theother，此處特指兩條腿中的另一只。one...theother...一個(gè)……，另一個(gè)……，固定搭配。故填the?！?1題詳析】考查副詞。句意；那些提升到精通水平的人可以執(zhí)行一些相當(dāng)精彩的動(dòng)作?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~wonderful，應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填fairly?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：踢毽子對(duì)健康有益。空處應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ)，bebeneficialto“對(duì)……有益”，故填beneficial?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:當(dāng)人們踢毽子時(shí)，身體的各個(gè)部位需要協(xié)同工作，這增強(qiáng)了平衡能力和身體的靈活性，并幫助他們鍛煉腿部。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是前面的整個(gè)句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式，結(jié)合句意可知，句子描述的是事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填enhances?！?4題詳析】查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意；此外，踢毽子也很方便。此處是“be+形容詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，是固定用法，故填toplay。【45題詳析】考查介詞。句意：自1987年中國(guó)踢毽球協(xié)會(huì)成立以來(lái)，每年都舉辦全國(guó)踢毽球比賽，吸引了各個(gè)年齡段的人們。appealto“吸引”，固定短語(yǔ)，故填to。第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分40分）第一節(jié)（滿(mǎn)分15分）46.假定你是新華中學(xué)的李華，你校擬申請(qǐng)承辦英國(guó)文化協(xié)會(huì)(BritishCouncil)主辦的“中英校園文化交流論壇”(China-UKCampusCultureForum簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)CUCF)。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)為學(xué)校寫(xiě)一