新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)部分名校2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)部分名校2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分.滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheCoolestTravelAdventuresOurannualBestoftheWorldlistranksthegreattravelexperiences.Here’sourrankedlistofthetoptravelexperiencesrightnow.GalleryhopinS?oPauloS?oPaulo,Brazil’slargestcityholdsnumerousgalleriesandexhibitions.ThecrowningjewelistheMuseudeArtedeS?oPaulo(MASP),whichisexpandingtoshowcasemoreofits11,000-plusartworks,frompre-Renaissancepaintingstocontemporarysculptures.Breakingthetraditionoftheusualmodelofexhibitingworksonwalls,MASPhangssomepiecesagainstclearpanels,allowingvisitorstoviewtheartfromallangles.RideclassicrailsinScotlandExploringScotland’swild,scenicHighlandsdoesn’thavetomeanroughingit.DepartingEdinburghfromAprilthroughOctober,theelegantRoyalScotsmantrainleadstoHighlandsadventuressuchaswildswimming,hiking,anddelicacytasting.Afteradayspenthikingtowaterfallsorplayingroundsofgolf—asporttiedtothenation,guestscanwinddownwithamassage(按摩)attheonboard.DivewithsharksinWesternAustraliaStretchingalmost700milesalongtheIndianOcean,WesternAustralia’sCoralCoastisdecoratedwithnaturalwonders.ButNingalooReefisthestar.Here,youcandivewithgiants:Some300to500whalesharks,oneofthelargestgroupsonEarth,gatheralongthereef(礁)eachyearbetweenMarchandJuly.Decentagenciessecurediversandensuretheygivethesharksspace,avoidfeedingthemorusingflashphotography.Hikeaglacier(冰川)inChileChilehasthethirdlargestcontinentaliceextension,afteronlyAntarcticaandGreenland.InLagunaSanRafaelNationalPark,visitorscanhiketoglaciers.Some17,300glaciersstillcoverthewholeofPatagonia’sicefields,butrisingtemperaturesarerapidlymeltingthem.Climatescientistssaysustainabletourism,suchashikes,supportslocalcommunitiesandinspirestravelerstolearnmoreabouthowtoprotectglaciers.1.WhatisspecialaboutMASP?A.Ithasthemostexhibitsintheworld.B.Itswayofexhibitionisverydifferent.C.Flashphotographyisforbiddenthere.D.Itsexhibitslastalongerperiodoftime.2.WhatmakestheRoyalScotsmantrainjourneyattractive?A.Aneasyaccesstoaprivategolfcourse.B.Astrictno-massagepolicyattheonboard.C.Aroughandchallengingtravelexperience.D.Acombinationofadventureandrelaxation.3.Whatdothelasttwoadventureshaveincommon?A.Theyarelimitedtoaspecificseason.B.Therearesharkgroupsinbothplaces.C.Theybringattentiontoecologicalissues.D.Theyareconcernedwithclimatechanges.〖答案〗1.B2.D3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個(gè)探險(xiǎn)旅行的好去處。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GalleryhopinS?oPaulo部分中的“Breakingthetraditionoftheusualmodelofexhibitingworksonwalls,MASPhangssomepiecesagainstclearpanels,allowingvisitorstoviewtheartfromallangles.(MASP打破了通常在墻上展示作品的傳統(tǒng)模式，將一些作品掛在透明的面板上，讓參觀者從各個(gè)角度觀看藝術(shù)。)”可知，MASP打破了在墻壁上展示作品的傳統(tǒng)模式，將一些作品懸掛在透明板上，由此可知，它的特殊之處在于它展示作品的模式不同。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RideclassicrailsinScotland部分中的“DepartingEdinburghfromAprilthroughOctober,theelegantRoyalScotsmantrainleadstoHighlandsadventuressuchaswildswimming,hiking,anddelicacytasting.Afteradayspenthikingtowaterfallsorplayingroundsofgolf—asporttiedtothenation,guestscanwinddownwithamassage(按摩)attheonboard.(從四月到十月離開(kāi)愛(ài)丁堡，優(yōu)雅的RoyalScotsman火車(chē)導(dǎo)致高地冒險(xiǎn)，如野生游泳，徒步旅行，和美味的品嘗。在一天的瀑布徒步旅行或打高爾夫球（一項(xiàng)與這個(gè)國(guó)家有關(guān)的運(yùn)動(dòng)）之后，客人可以在船上享受按摩。)”可知，RoyalScotsman火車(chē)旅行中既有高地冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)，又有按摩服務(wù)，由此可知，使得RoyalScotsman旅行吸引人的地方是結(jié)合了探險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)和放松體驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DivewithsharksinWesternAustralia部分中的“Decentagenciessecurediversandensuretheygivethesharksspace,avoidfeedingthemorusingflashphotography.(體面的機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)保護(hù)潛水員，確保他們給鯊魚(yú)空間，避免給它們喂食或使用閃光燈拍照。)”和HikeaglacierinChile部分中的“Climatescientistssaysustainabletourism,suchashikes,supportslocalcommunitiesandinspirestravelerstolearnmoreabouthowtoprotectglaciers.(氣候科學(xué)家表示，徒步旅行等可持續(xù)旅游可以支持當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)，并激勵(lì)旅行者更多地了解如何保護(hù)冰川。)”可知，這兩個(gè)地方通過(guò)保護(hù)鯊魚(yú)和冰川實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)生態(tài)的保護(hù)，由此可知，這兩處的共同點(diǎn)是都關(guān)注生態(tài)問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)。BAdadfromTexasdidn’tmissabeatwhenitcametosupportinghisdaughterrecently.CeceliaSimmonssharedavideoofherhusband,AndreSimmons,dancinginthestandswhiletheirdaughterJazlynandherTempleHighSchoolcheerteamperformed.Inthevideo,asthecheerteammembersraisethesmallballsandgothroughtheirroutine,AndreSimmonsfollowsrightalong,nailingthemovesrightalongsidethem.Thepostsharedonsocialmediahasobtainedover312,000views.Withtensofthousandsofoverwhelminglypositivecommentsonhispost,peopleonlinequicklysharedtheirreactions.TheyrecommendedAndreSimmonsas“CheerDadoftheYear”orapplaudedhisenergyandspot-onmoves.Simmonshimselfwasquicktosayhe’snotthebestdancerandittookhimafewdaystolearntheroutine.“OnceIgotitdownpat,IjustjumpeduptherewhenIheardthebandfinallybringthesongupandIgotupthereanddiditwithher,”hesaid.ButthefatheroffivesaidhepersistedbecausehewantedtocreatealifelongmemorywithhisgirlJazlyn,mostlybecausehewasconstantlyawayforwork,therebyaffordinglimitedopportunitiestobeinthecompanyofher.“Sinceshemadethecheerteam,thatwasmywayofsupportingherandkindofrelievingtheguiltofthelosttime.ShethoughtIwasdoingthingsthatshelovedandsurprisingherwithjoiningherinthecheerduringthefootballgame,”Simmonssaid.SimmonssaidJazlynandhercheerteamfriendsweresurprisedand“absolutelyloved”thathecouldjoininonthefun.Theprouddadsaiditmeant“theworld”tohimtobeabletobethereforhisdaughtertoo.“IlovetotrytobeasuperdadwhenI’mhereandcreatethoselifelongmemoriesandit’ssomethingforustolookbackonandenjoytogether,”hesaidandplannedoncheeringsomemoreandmakingmorememorieswithJazlyn.4.WhatdidAndreSimmonsdoathisdaughter’scheerperformance?A.Hedancedwiththeteam. B.Hefilmedtheperformance.C.Hecoachedthecheerteam. D.Hecheeredfromthestands.5.HowdidpeoplefindAndreSimmons’behavior?A.Amusing. B.Disturbing. C.Odd. D.Admirable.6.WhydidAndreSimmonsmakesuchadecision?A.Towinthetitleof“CheerDadoftheYear”.B.Toshowoffhisnewlylearneddancingskills.C.TobethefocusofattentionontheInternet.D.TomakeupforbeingabsentfromJazlyn’slife.7.WhichwordscanbestdescribeAndreSimmons?A.Bearableandcautious. B.Selflessandcooperative.C.Supportiveandcaring. D.Ambitiousandsensitive.〖答案〗4.A5.D6.D7.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述的是AndreSimmons在他女兒Jazlyn和她的高中啦啦隊(duì)表演時(shí)，與她們一起跳舞以此支持女兒并彌補(bǔ)因工作繁忙而錯(cuò)過(guò)的陪伴時(shí)光，創(chuàng)造了難忘的記憶?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“CeceliaSimmonssharedavideoofherhusband,AndreSimmons,dancinginthestandswhiletheirdaughterJazlynandherTempleHighSchoolcheerteamperformed.

(CeceliaSimmons分享了她丈夫AndreSimmons在看臺(tái)上跳舞的視頻，而他們的女兒Jazlyn和她的Temple高中啦啦隊(duì)在表演。)”可知，當(dāng)AndreSimmons的女兒Jazlyn和她所在的啦啦隊(duì)正在表演時(shí)，他在看臺(tái)上跳舞。故選A。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“

Withtensofthousandsofoverwhelminglypositivecommentsonhispost,peopleonlinequicklysharedtheirreactions.TheyrecommendedAndreSimmonsas“CheerDadoftheYear”orapplaudedhisenergyandspot-onmoves.Simmonshimselfwasquicktosayhe’snotthebestdancerandittookhimafewdaystolearntheroutine.(他的帖子得到了數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的正面評(píng)論，網(wǎng)友們迅速分享了他們的反應(yīng)。他們推薦AndreSimmons為“年度最佳加油爸爸”，或者稱贊他的精力和精準(zhǔn)的動(dòng)作。AndreSimmons自己很快就說(shuō)他不是最好的舞者，他花了幾天時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)舞蹈。)”可知，AndreSimmons的視頻獲得了很多的正面評(píng)論，大家推薦AndreSimmons為“年度最佳加油爸爸”，為他的活力和到位動(dòng)作喝彩。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“ButthefatheroffivesaidhepersistedbecausehewantedtocreatealifelongmemorywithhisgirlJazlyn,mostlybecausehewasconstantlyawayforwork,therebyaffordinglimitedopportunitiestobeinthecompanyofher.

(但這位五個(gè)孩子的父親說(shuō)，他之所以堅(jiān)持這樣做，是因?yàn)樗牒退呐畠篔azlyn一起創(chuàng)造一個(gè)終生的回憶，主要是因?yàn)樗?jīng)常出差，因此很少有機(jī)會(huì)陪伴她。)”可知，由于工作原因，AndreSimmons很少陪伴自己的女兒，因此想以此方式來(lái)支持并彌補(bǔ)她。故選D。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，AndreSimmons在他女兒Jazlyn和她的高中啦啦隊(duì)表演時(shí)與她們一起跳舞以此支持女兒并彌補(bǔ)因工作繁忙而錯(cuò)過(guò)的陪伴時(shí)光，創(chuàng)造了難忘的記憶。由此可知，AndreSimmons是一位給予女兒支持與關(guān)愛(ài)的父親。C選項(xiàng)“Supportiveandcaring.(支持和關(guān)心。)”能夠最好的概括該位父親。故選C。CInpresent-dayRomania,adecreasingnumberofcraftsmenpracticewhat’sthoughttobeacenturies-oldcraft.Theysearchtheforestforafungus(真菌),whichgrowswithintreesandsendsoutshelf-likemushroomsafewincheswide.Thefungusisshavedlengthwiseintothinstrips.Thosestripsarethenstretchedtoformbroadsheets,whichcanbecraftedintohats,bags,jewelry,andornaments.Asfarbackas1903,TlingitcraftsmeninwhatisnowthestateofAlaskawererecordedcraftingpursesoutofamaterialfromagarikonfungus.However,thecraftsmen’sprocessintheearlytimeswasaboutsearchingformaterials,notcultivatingthemformassproduction.Today,thebiotechnologycompanyMycoWorksintheUSispioneeringincultivatingmycelium(菌絲).Myceliumisastructuralwonder—soft,dense,andstrong,makingitagreatpotentialreplacementforleather.Theoperationstartswithagriculturalwaste,likesawdust(鋸末),whichisheatedtoremoveexistingmicrobiallife.Oncedone,itgoesintodeepplatesofvaryingsizes.Thenfungusjoinstheparty,digestingandgrowing.Insomecases,fabriccanbeaddedforthemyceliumtoweavearound.Thesheetofmyceliumiseventuallypeeledoffthewoodblocks,andgrowthcomestoanend.Itcanbeeasilymistakenfortraditionalleather.MycoWorksisoneofawaveofinnovators,allofwhomassumethatabetterunderstandingofmyceliumcanredefinethelimitsoffashionanddesign.Inrecentyears,MycoWorks’productshavebeenusedindesignerbagsandpillows.CEOMattScullinpraisesmyceliumasamaterialinfashion,“Ithasabitofasofttouch,andithasabounce.Itcanabsorbtheoilsandheatfromyourfingerswhenyoutouchit.”“Theearlyeffortsappeartobemoremoral,andimproveeco-footprint.Productsmadefromsuchmaterialarefullybiodegradable—allowingforafutureinwhichdealingwithanoldpairofshoesmightmeansimplycomposting(堆肥)them,”headded.8.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthefirstparagraph?A.Tostressthehistoryofgrowingmushrooms.B.Tointroduceafashioninspiredbymushrooms.C.Toshowancientmushroomgrowingtechniques.D.Topresentthenoveluseofmushroomsinfashion.9.Whatdoesparagraph3focusonaboutmycelium?A.Itsgrowingprocess. B.Itshighquality.C.Itsshortcomings. D.Itsworkinglife.10.WhatdoesMattScullinthinkofmyceliumasamaterialinthefield?A.Itisstraightforwardtogrow. B.Itoffersaroughfeel.C.Itpromotessustainability. D.Itisoil-and-heatresistant.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FungusCrafts:AnEndangeredHeritage.B.Mycelium:TheGreenLeatherAlternative.C.CraftingwithNature:Romania’sFungalTradition.D.Mycelium’sRole:FromAncientCrafttoModernInnovation.〖答案〗8.D9.A10.C11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是一種用菌類(lèi)制作的皮革材料用于時(shí)尚業(yè)的新技術(shù)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“Thosestripsarethenstretchedtoformbroadsheets,whichcanbecraftedintohats,bags,jewelry,andornaments.Asfarbackas1903,TlingitcraftsmeninwhatisnowthestateofAlaskawererecordedcraftingpursesoutofamaterialfromagarikonfungus.(然后這些條被拉伸成寬片，可以制作成帽子、包、珠寶和裝飾品。早在1903年，在現(xiàn)在的阿拉斯加州，有記載稱特林吉特工匠用一種來(lái)自蘑菇的材料制作錢(qián)包。)”可知，羅馬尼亞人和特林吉特工匠用菌類(lèi)作為皮革材料制作包，由此可知，第一段的目的是展示蘑菇在時(shí)尚中的新用途。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theoperationstartswithagriculturalwaste,likesawdust(鋸末),whichisheatedtoremoveexistingmicrobiallife.Oncedone,itgoesintodeepplatesofvaryingsizes.Thenfungusjoinstheparty,digestingandgrowing.Insomecases,fabriccanbeaddedforthemyceliumtoweavearound.Thesheetofmyceliumiseventuallypeeledoffthewoodblocks,andgrowthcomestoanend.(該操作從農(nóng)業(yè)廢物開(kāi)始，如鋸末，加熱以去除現(xiàn)有的微生物生命。一旦完成，它就會(huì)被放入不同大小的深盤(pán)子中。然后真菌加入進(jìn)來(lái)，消化和生長(zhǎng)。在某些情況下，可以添加織物使菌絲體在周?chē)幙?。菌絲體最終從木塊上脫落，生長(zhǎng)結(jié)束。)”可知，此處介紹的是菌絲培養(yǎng)是從加熱農(nóng)業(yè)廢物開(kāi)始，完成后放入深盤(pán)子中，真菌消化生長(zhǎng)，也可以添加織物使菌絲在其周?chē)幙棧詈髲哪緣K脫落，生長(zhǎng)結(jié)束，由此可知，第二段主要關(guān)注的是從開(kāi)始加熱鋸末到最終長(zhǎng)成的過(guò)程。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的“CEOMattScullinpraisesmyceliumasamaterialinfashion,“Ithasabitofasofttouch,andithasabounce.Itcanabsorbtheoilsandheatfromyourfingerswhenyoutouchit.”“Theearlyeffortsappeartobemoremoral,andimproveeco-footprint.Productsmadefromsuchmaterialarefullybiodegradable—allowingforafutureinwhichdealingwithanoldpairofshoesmightmeansimplycomposting(堆肥)them,”headded.(首席執(zhí)行官馬特·斯卡林稱贊菌絲體是一種時(shí)尚材料，“它有一點(diǎn)柔軟的觸感，它有彈性。當(dāng)你觸摸它時(shí)，它可以吸收手指上的油和熱量?！霸缙诘呐λ坪醺系赖?，并改善了生態(tài)足跡?！庇蛇@種材料制成的產(chǎn)品是完全可生物降解的，未來(lái)處理一雙舊鞋可能意味著簡(jiǎn)單的堆肥”他補(bǔ)充道。)”可知，首席執(zhí)行官馬特·斯卡林稱贊菌絲體是一種時(shí)尚材料，他認(rèn)為這種材料制成的產(chǎn)品是完全可以生物降解的，由此可知，馬特·斯卡林認(rèn)為菌絲體作為該領(lǐng)域的一種材料促進(jìn)可持續(xù)性。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段介紹的羅馬尼亞人和特林吉特工匠用菌類(lèi)作為皮革材料制作包引出本文的話題——菌類(lèi)在時(shí)尚中的新用途，結(jié)合第二段中的“Today,thebiotechnologycompanyMycoWorksintheUSispioneeringincultivatingmycelium(菌絲).Myceliumisastructuralwonder—soft,dense,andstrong,makingitagreatpotentialreplacementforleather.(今天，美國(guó)的生物技術(shù)公司MycoWorks是培養(yǎng)菌絲體的先驅(qū)。菌絲體是一種結(jié)構(gòu)奇跡——柔軟、致密、堅(jiān)固，使其成為皮革的潛在替代品。)”以及下文中介紹的菌絲的培養(yǎng)過(guò)程和馬特·斯卡林對(duì)菌絲體作為時(shí)尚界的一種材料的看法可知，本文主要介紹的是菌絲體可以成為皮革的替代品，所以標(biāo)題“菌絲體：綠色皮革的替代品”與本文的主題吻合，適合作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。DWhenyouheartheword“uncertainty”,howdoyoufeel?Scared,anxious,excitedorchallenged?Withmanyglobalchallengesstillongoing,wearelikelytofaceevenmoreoftheunknown,sowehadbettergetaccustomedtomanagingit.Sohowdowedetectuncertaintyandwhichpartofthebrainisresponsibleforit?Researchershavefoundthatnoradrenaline(去甲腎上腺素)isthekeychemicalinvolvedinourresponsetouncertainty.Toinvestigatetherolenoradrenalineplayswhenwearefacedwithuncertainevents,scientistsatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyconductedanexperimentwithmice.Theanimalsweretrainedtopushalever(杠桿)downwhentheyheardahighfrequencynoise.Iftheydidthis,theywererewardedwithadrinkofwater.Theywerealsotrainedtolearnthatthey’dreceiveanunpleasantpuffofairiftheleverwasactivatedwhenalowfrequencynoisewasplayed.Buttheresearchersaddedinanelementofuncertaintybyincludingasoundwherethefrequencywasunclear.Fromthisexperiment,theresearchersdiscoveredthatasmallpartinthebraincalledthelocuscoeruleus—anareathatmodulatesnoradrenaline—wasessentialindetectinguncertainty.Whenthehighfrequencywasclearandtherewardwasexpectedforthemice,theirnoradrenalinereleasewassmall.Butwhentheoutcomewasn’tclear,andtherewardwasasurprise,thereleasewasmuchlarger.Thiswashowthemice’sbrainslearnedtodealwithuncertainty.Astudywithhumanswasalsocarriedout.Theydiscoveredthatthesubjects’neurons(神經(jīng)元)intheprefrontalcortex(前額葉皮質(zhì))respondmuchmoretolossthantogain.Namely,thisarearulesouravoidancebehaviourwhenweareunderstress.Thishelpsusunderstandourunwillingnesstoexposeourselvestouncertainty.Onceweunderstandthatourcognitiveandemotionalresponsestouncertaintyareanecessarypartofthehumanexperience.Acknowledgeinsteadoffearthem,perhapsmakingbigdecisionscanseemlessstressful.12.Whatistheuncertaintyintheexperimentwithmice?A.Thehighfrequencynoise. B.Adrinkofwaterasareward.C.Theactiontopushaleverdown. D.Thenoisewithunclearfrequency.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“modulates”inparagraph4mean?A.Removes. B.Adjusts. C.Lessens. D.Boosts.14.Howdoestheprefrontalcortexinfluenceourchoiceswhenwe’restressed?A.Byseekingrewardingoutcome. B.Bymaintainingbalance.C.Byavoidingnegativeoutcome. D.Byreducinguncertainty.15.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthetext?A.Responsestouncertaintycomenaturally.B.Uncertaintygivesbirthtopotentialrisks.C.Experimentscanpredictexpectedoutcomes.D.Noradrenalinetendstoresultfromuncertainty.〖答案〗12.D13.B14.C15.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了人面臨不確定時(shí)會(huì)變得緊張焦慮的生理過(guò)程和有關(guān)檢測(cè)不確定性的研究。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Buttheresearchersaddedinanelementofuncertaintybyincludingasoundwherethefrequencywasunclear.(但研究人員通過(guò)在頻率不清楚的地方加入聲音，增加了不確定性。)”可知，老鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)中的不確定性是頻率不明確的聲音。故選D。【13題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中“Whenthehighfrequencywasclearandtherewardwasexpectedforthemice,theirnoradrenalinereleasewassmall.Butwhentheoutcomewasn’tclear,andtherewardwasasurprise,thereleasewasmuchlarger.Thiswashowthemice’sbrainslearnedtodealwithuncertainty.(當(dāng)高頻信號(hào)清晰時(shí)，老鼠的去甲腎上腺素釋放量很小。但當(dāng)結(jié)果不明確，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是一個(gè)驚喜時(shí)，釋放量要大得多。這就是老鼠大腦學(xué)會(huì)處理不確定性的方式。)”可知，高頻噪音出現(xiàn)，小鼠預(yù)期會(huì)得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)時(shí)，它們釋放很少去甲腎上腺素。但當(dāng)結(jié)果不明確，獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是一個(gè)驚喜時(shí)，它們釋放大量去甲腎上腺素。所以locuscoeruleus在不斷調(diào)節(jié)去甲腎上腺素。故劃線詞與B選項(xiàng)“Adjusts(調(diào)節(jié))”為同義詞。故選B?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Theydiscoveredthatthesubjects’neurons(神經(jīng)元)intheprefrontalcortex(前額葉皮質(zhì))respondmuchmoretolossthantogain.Namely,thisarearulesouravoidancebehaviourwhenweareunderstress.Thishelpsusunderstandourunwillingnesstoexposeourselvestouncertainty.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，受試者前額葉皮層的神經(jīng)元對(duì)損失的反應(yīng)要比對(duì)獲得的反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈得多。也就是說(shuō)，當(dāng)我們處于壓力之下時(shí)，這個(gè)區(qū)域控制著我們的逃避行為。這有助于我們理解我們不愿意將自己暴露在不確定性中。)”可知，前額皮質(zhì)中的神經(jīng)元對(duì)失敗的反應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于對(duì)回報(bào)的反應(yīng)，這個(gè)區(qū)域支配著人在壓力下的回避行為，即當(dāng)我們感到壓力時(shí)，前額皮質(zhì)會(huì)通過(guò)避免負(fù)面結(jié)果影響我們的選擇。故選C。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Onceweunderstandthatourcognitiveandemotionalresponsestouncertaintyareanecessarypartofthehumanexperience.Acknowledgeinsteadoffearthem,perhapsmakingbigdecisionscanseemlessstressful.(一旦我們明白我們對(duì)不確定性的認(rèn)知和情感反應(yīng)是人類(lèi)經(jīng)歷的必要組成部分。承認(rèn)它們而不是害怕它們，也許做出重大決定會(huì)顯得不那么有壓力。)”可知，文章告訴我們：當(dāng)面對(duì)不確定時(shí)，人的一系列反應(yīng)都是身體自然的反應(yīng)過(guò)程。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowtoImproveYourSocialLife?Beingsocialcanhelpyoubuildmeaningfulconnections,comeoutofyourshell,andfeellessisolated.Ifyouwanttoknowhowtobesocial,seethefollowingstepstobeonyourway.Befullyengaged.Ifyouwanttoseeminterestingtoothers,youwillhavetoshowinterestinthem.Whenyouaretalkingtosomebody,listentowhattheyaresayingratherthanworryingaboutwhatyoushouldbesaying.___16___Avoidconstantlycheckingyourphoneorlookingaroundwhileyouareinthemiddleofaconversation.Thesetypesofthingscomeacrossasrude.Watchyourgestures.Howyoupositionyourbodysendsamessagetootherpeople.Ifyouwanttobeapproachedbyothers,youshouldavoidstandinginthecorner,crossingyourarms,staringatyourphone,andfrowning.Makingeyecontactwithothersshowsthemthatyouarefriendly,open,andnon-intimidating.___17___Embraceopportunitiestomeetnewpeople.Thismeansyouwillhavetogetoutofyourcomfortzonetointeractwithothers.___18___Taketripstonewplacesandstrikeupcasualconversationswiththoseyoumeet.Youneverknowwhenastrangercanturnintoyournewbestfriend,businesspartner,orloveinterest!___19___Ifyouareconstantlywaitingaroundforpeopletocallyouorinviteyou,thenyouarewastingyourlife.___20___Ifyouwanttoshowpeoplethatyouvaluetheirfriendships,youwillhavetoreachouttothem.Keepintouchwithfriends,evenifyoudon’tliveinthesametown.Pickupthephoneandcallthem,sendthematext,ore-mailthemaskinghowthey’vebeen.A.Initiateinteractions.B.Fitinwiththeoccasion.C.Acceptinvitationstopartiesandsocialgatherings.D.You’llbemorelikelytostiruppositiveinteractions.E.Plus,everybodylooksmoreattractivewhentheysmile.F.Relationshipsarebuiltuponjointeffortsofbothinvolved.G.Makeeyecontact,nodyourhead,andaskthemfollow-upquestions.〖答案〗16.G17.E18.C19.A20.F【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是四個(gè)提高社交能力的方法?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)本段的主題句“Befullyengaged.(全身心投入。)”可知，本段建議社交是要全身心投入，根據(jù)空前的“Whenyouaretalkingtosomebody,listentowhattheyaresayingratherthanworryingaboutwhatyoushouldbesaying.(當(dāng)你和別人說(shuō)話時(shí)，傾聽(tīng)他們?cè)谡f(shuō)什么，而不是擔(dān)心你應(yīng)該說(shuō)什么。)”可知，在別人說(shuō)話時(shí)應(yīng)該傾聽(tīng)別人在說(shuō)什么，由此可推測(cè)，此空講述的應(yīng)與傾聽(tīng)的時(shí)候怎么做相關(guān)，G選項(xiàng)“Makeeyecontact,nodyourhead,andaskthemfollow-upquestions.(眼神交流，點(diǎn)頭，并問(wèn)他們后續(xù)問(wèn)題。)”講述的是在別人說(shuō)話時(shí)如何做，承接了空前的內(nèi)容，且與本段的主題“全身心投入”的要求吻合。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)空前的“Makingeyecontactwithothersshowsthemthatyouarefriendly,open,andnon-intimidating.(與他人進(jìn)行眼神交流會(huì)讓他們覺(jué)得你友好、開(kāi)放、不嚇人。)”可知，此處介紹了社交活動(dòng)時(shí)恰當(dāng)使用眼神交流，E選項(xiàng)“Plus,everybodylooksmoreattractivewhentheysmile.(另外，每個(gè)人微笑的時(shí)候看起來(lái)都更有吸引力。)”講述的是微笑時(shí)人們看起來(lái)更有吸引力，與空前的“Makingeyecontact”呼應(yīng)，且對(duì)上文內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)本段的主題句“Embraceopportunitiestomeetnewpeople.(欣然接受結(jié)識(shí)新朋友的機(jī)會(huì)。)”可知，本段建議抓住結(jié)識(shí)新朋友的機(jī)會(huì)，C選項(xiàng)“Acceptinvitationstopartiesandsocialgatherings.(接受派對(duì)和社交聚會(huì)的邀請(qǐng)。)”中的“partiesandsocialgatherings”都是結(jié)識(shí)新朋友的場(chǎng)合，符合本段主題，且與空后的“Taketripstonewplacesandstrikeupcasualconversationswiththoseyoumeet.(去新的地方旅行，和你遇到的人隨便聊聊。)”內(nèi)容呼應(yīng)，均有助于認(rèn)識(shí)新朋友。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】分析語(yǔ)篇可知，此處為本段的主題句，結(jié)合其它段落的主題句可知，此處應(yīng)為祈使句，根據(jù)空后的“Ifyouareconstantlywaitingaroundforpeopletocallyouorinviteyou,thenyouarewastingyourlife.(如果你總是等著別人給你打電話或邀請(qǐng)你，那你就是在浪費(fèi)你的生命。)”以及下文中的“Ifyouwanttoshowpeoplethatyouvaluetheirfriendships,youwillhavetoreachouttothem.(如果你想向人們表明你重視他們的友誼，你就必須主動(dòng)接觸他們。)”可知，本段主要介紹的是主動(dòng)去聯(lián)系別人，而不是等著別人來(lái)接觸你，A選項(xiàng)“Initiateinteractions.(主動(dòng)發(fā)起互動(dòng))”為祈使句，講述的內(nèi)容與本段內(nèi)容一致，且概括了本段的主題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)空前的“Ifyouareconstantlywaitingaroundforpeopletocallyouorinviteyou,thenyouarewastingyourlife.(如果你總是等著別人給你打電話或邀請(qǐng)你，那你就是在浪費(fèi)你的生命。)”可知，等著別人主動(dòng)聯(lián)系你，那是在浪費(fèi)生命，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Relationshipsarebuiltuponjointeffortsofbothinvolved.(關(guān)系建立在雙方共同努力的基礎(chǔ)上。)”講述的內(nèi)容是對(duì)空前內(nèi)容做出的解釋?zhuān)铱蘸蟆癐fyouwanttoshowpeoplethatyouvaluetheirfriendships,youwillhavetoreachouttothem.(如果你想向人們表明你重視他們的友誼，你就必須主動(dòng)接觸他們。)”講述的內(nèi)容是對(duì)F選項(xiàng)講述的內(nèi)容提出了具體的做法，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Iwastoretirethreemonthslater.MywifeSoniaandIhadplannedtogoforathree-weektriptoCanada.Thenoneday,Sonianoticedfluttering(顫動(dòng))inmyshoulders,butIdidn’tgiveitmuch___21___.Amonthlater,however,myhandsstartedbecoming___22___.Aroundthattime,IwaswatchingTheSplit.Therewasa___23___aboutadoctordiagnosed(診斷)withmotorneuronedisease(MND)—arareconditionthataffectsthebrainandnerves,forwhichthereisnocure.Ihad___24___symptoms(癥狀)anditgotmethinking.ThenImetwitha___25___andthetestresultstookaweektobe___26___.ExactlyonthedayafterIretired,IreceivedthediagnosisI’dbeen___27___—MND.SoniaandIweresupposedtobegoingtotakeourholidayinfivedays!Wewereso___28___andconsideredquitting,butafriendconvincedus,“Ifyoudon’tgo,you’llregretit.”___29___,wesetoffontheadventureasscheduled.Fortheinitialdays,weweren’tinthemoodforfun,aswewerestill____30____bymydiagnosis.Butquicklywerealizedwewouldn’tletMND____31____oureveryday.Thenwemadea(n)____32____:Everydaywe’dallowourselvesonly10minutestotalkaboutmyillnessandcryifwewanted.Afterthat,we’dfocusonhavingfun.Thesedays,my____33____islimited.Inspiteofthecase,we’redelightedtohavegoneonourCanadianadventure,whichwas____34____withspecialmoments.Wedon’tknowwhatthefutureholds,butthememorywill____35____.21.A.shot B.thought C.push D.sense22.A.frozen B.flexible C.awkward D.artificial23.A.plot B.title C.view D.faith24.A.severe B.former C.rare D.similar25.A.dentist B.consultant C.psychologist D.composer26.A.shocking B.correct C.available D.approving27.A.fearing B.refreshing C.expecting D.fighting28.A.decent B.expert C.regretful D.emotional29.A.Luckily B.Ultimately C.Annually D.Previously30.A.inspired B.warned C.upset D.delayed31.A.takeover B.reflecton C.makeup D.figureout32.A.fortune B.difference C.error D.rule33.A.budget B.mobility C.nutrition D.freedom34.A.armed B.engaged C.packed D.charged35.A.remain B.fade C.recover D.repeat〖答案〗21.B22.C23.A24.D25.B26.C27.A28.D29.B30.C31.A32.D33.B34.C35.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要介紹的是作者在退休前夕被診斷出患有運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元病，盡管如此，作者和妻子仍堅(jiān)持去加拿大旅行，決定不讓病情影響他們的旅程?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后有一天，索尼婭注意到我的肩膀在抖動(dòng)，但我沒(méi)有多想。A.shot射擊；B.thought思想；C.push動(dòng)力；D.sense感覺(jué)。根據(jù)上文中的“Thenoneday,Sonianoticedfluttering(顫動(dòng))inmyshoulders”可知，Sonia注意到作者的肩膀抖動(dòng)，結(jié)合but可知，此處指的是作者對(duì)這件事沒(méi)有給予太多的“想法”，也就是沒(méi)有想太多，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，一個(gè)月后，我的手開(kāi)始變得笨拙起來(lái)。A.frozen凍僵的；B.flexible靈活的；C.awkward笨拙的；D.artificial人造的。根據(jù)上文中的“”Sonianoticedfluttering(顫動(dòng))inmyshoulders”可知，作者的肩膀在抖動(dòng)，一個(gè)月后，病情應(yīng)是加重，所以此處指的是手開(kāi)始變得“笨拙”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一個(gè)關(guān)于一個(gè)醫(yī)生被診斷出患有運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元疾病的情節(jié)，這是一種影響大腦和神經(jīng)的罕見(jiàn)疾病，無(wú)法治愈。A.plot情節(jié)；B.title標(biāo)題；C.view觀點(diǎn)；D.faith信任。根據(jù)上文中的“Aroundthattime,IwaswatchingTheSplit.”可知，作者在看《分裂》，結(jié)合下文中的“aboutadoctordiagnosed(診斷)withmotorneuronedisease(MND)”可知，一位醫(yī)生被診斷患有運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元疾病，由此可知，此處指的是作者所看劇目中的一個(gè)“情節(jié)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我也有相似的癥狀，這讓我開(kāi)始思考。A.severe嚴(yán)重的；B.former以前的；C.rare稀有的；D.similar相似的。根據(jù)上文中的“Thenoneday,Sonianoticedfluttering(顫動(dòng))inmyshoulders,butIdidn’tgiveitmuch______.Amonthlater,however,myhandsstartedbecoming______.”可知，作者的肩膀抖動(dòng)，一個(gè)月后，手開(kāi)始變得笨拙，結(jié)合下文中的“itgotmethinking.”可知，這讓作者開(kāi)始思考，由此可推斷，此處指的是作者有著“相似的”癥狀。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我去見(jiàn)了一位會(huì)診醫(yī)師，測(cè)試結(jié)果花了一個(gè)星期才出來(lái)。A.dentist牙醫(yī)；B.consultant會(huì)診醫(yī)師；C.psychologist心里學(xué)家；D.composer作曲家。根據(jù)下文中的“ExactlyonthedayafterIretired,Ireceivedthediagnosis”可知，作者在退休后的第二天收到了診斷結(jié)果，由此可知，此處指的是去見(jiàn)一位“會(huì)診醫(yī)師”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我去見(jiàn)了一位會(huì)診醫(yī)生，測(cè)試結(jié)果花了一個(gè)星期才可以獲得。A.shocking令人震驚的；B.correct正確的；C.available可獲得的；D.approving贊成的。根據(jù)上文中的“ThenImetwitha______andthetestresultstookaweek”可知，作者去見(jiàn)一位會(huì)診醫(yī)生，結(jié)合下文中的“ExactlyonthedayafterIretired,Ireceivedthediagnosis”可知，作者退休后的第二天收到診斷結(jié)果，由此可知，此處指的是要一個(gè)星期才能“獲得”結(jié)果。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：就在我退休后的第二天，我收到了我一直擔(dān)心的診斷——運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元疾病。A.fearing擔(dān)心；B.refreshing振奮；C.expecting期望；D.fighting戰(zhàn)斗。根據(jù)上文中的“Therewasa______aboutadoctordiagnosed(診斷)withmotorneuronedisease(MND)—arareconditionthataffectsthebrainandnerves,forwhichthereisnocure.”可知，MND是一種影響大腦和神經(jīng)的罕見(jiàn)疾病，無(wú)法治愈，結(jié)合下文中的MND可知，此處指的是作者一直“擔(dān)心”的診斷結(jié)果。故選A項(xiàng)。【28題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們當(dāng)時(shí)情緒激動(dòng)，想要放棄，但一位朋友說(shuō)服了我們：“如果你不去，你會(huì)后悔的?！盇.decent體面的；B.expert擅長(zhǎng)的；C.regretful后悔的；D.emotional情緒激動(dòng)的。根據(jù)上文中的“ExactlyonthedayafterIretired,IreceivedthediagnosisI’dbeen_____—MND.”可知，作者最終被診斷患有一直讓他擔(dān)心的疾病——運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元疾病，由此可知，作者知道結(jié)果后應(yīng)該是“情緒激動(dòng)的”符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，我們按計(jì)劃出發(fā)了。A.Luckily幸運(yùn)地；B.Ultimately最終；C.Annually每年的；D.Previously以前地。根據(jù)上文中的“Wewereso______andconsideredquitting,butafriendconvincedus,“Ifyoudon’tgo,you’llregretit.””可知，作者他們打算放棄旅行，但是朋友勸說(shuō)他們不要放棄，結(jié)合下文中的“wesetoffontheadventureasscheduled.”可知，作者他們還是按計(jì)劃出發(fā)了，由此可知，此處應(yīng)為“最終”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在最初的幾天里，我們沒(méi)有心情玩，因?yàn)槲覀內(nèi)匀粚?duì)我的診斷感到不安。A.inspired激勵(lì)；B.warned警告；C.upset使不安；D.delayed耽誤。根據(jù)上文中的“Fortheinitialdays,weweren’tinthemoodforfun”可知，最初幾天作者他們沒(méi)有心情玩，結(jié)合下文中的“bymydiagnosis.”可知，此處指的是診斷使得作者他們“不安”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：但很快我們就意識(shí)到，我們不能讓運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元疾病取代我們的每一天。A.takeover取代，接管；B.reflecton反思；C.makeup構(gòu)成，化妝；D.figureout弄清楚。根據(jù)上文中的“Forthe