2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)派生詞教師用書教案北師大版

PAGE1-其次部分語(yǔ)法專題Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorly(poor)studied.解析：此處修飾過去分詞studied，因此應(yīng)用副詞形式，故答案為poorly。2．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Heryearsofhardworkhavefinally(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.解析：本空修飾動(dòng)詞havebeenacknowledged，故應(yīng)用副詞finally。3．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)“...Wearesoproudofher.It'swonderful(wonder)．”解析：依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本空在系動(dòng)詞is后作表語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用形容詞wonderful。4．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Theyalsosharedwithusmanytraditional(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwerehugely(huge)popularwithtourists.解析：形容詞修飾名詞，依據(jù)空格后的stories可知，空1處應(yīng)填形容詞形式，故填traditional。副詞修飾形容詞，依據(jù)空格后的popular可知，空2處應(yīng)填副詞形式，故填hugely。5．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thisswitchhasdecreasedpollution(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.解析：decrease“降低，削減”，為及物動(dòng)詞，后接名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填名詞pollution。6．(2024·浙江卷)Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtheriseinweight(weigh)problems.解析：依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示體重方面的問題，故此處填名詞作定語(yǔ)。7．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Runningischeap,easyandit'salwaysenergetic(energy)．解析：依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用與其前的cheap,easy相同形式的形容詞energetic作表語(yǔ)。8．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.解析：此處和total一起修飾名詞短語(yǔ)fertilizerconsumption，意為“全世界的化肥總消耗量”，故用其形容詞形式global作定語(yǔ)。9．(2024·浙江卷)Theobviousoneismoney;eatingoutonceortwiceaweekmaybeaffordable(afford)butdoingthismostdaysaddsup.解析：依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處作表語(yǔ)，所以要用形容詞形式。10．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Atasteformeatisactually(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.解析：此處用副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾系動(dòng)詞is。11．(2024·浙江卷)Recently(recent),caffeinehasfounditswayintoorange,apple,andotherflavoreddrinks.解析：此處考查時(shí)間副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填Recently。12．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithhereducation(educate)．解析：前面有形容詞性物主代詞her，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用動(dòng)詞educate的名詞形式education作賓語(yǔ)。13．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstopattraction(attract)．解析：此處作表語(yǔ)且前面由itstop修飾，應(yīng)當(dāng)用attract的名詞形式attraction，意為“吸引人之物，誘惑物”。14．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.,influencedthedevelopment(develop)ofchopsticks.解析：依據(jù)空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此處需填develop的名詞形式development。15．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.解析：此處表示(大使)這個(gè)頭銜將在倫敦的一個(gè)儀式上正式授予給我，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用副詞officially作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞given。16．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Recentstudiesshowthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly(regular)．解析：此處須要用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)“takeshortbreaks”。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmalleresting→_interested解析：interesting“好玩的”；interested“感愛好的”。becomeinterestedin“對(duì)……感愛好”。2．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.coolly→cool解析：本句中l(wèi)ooked意為“看起來”，為系動(dòng)詞，故應(yīng)用形容詞cool作表語(yǔ)。3．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.amazing→amazed解析：beamazedat意為“對(duì)……感到驚異”。4．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.ordinarily→ordinary解析：形容詞修飾名詞，cafe為名詞，故此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，故把ordinarily改為ordinary。5．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.happily→happy解析：動(dòng)詞felt在此處是系動(dòng)詞，意為“覺得，感覺”，其后應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用形容詞happy作表語(yǔ)。6．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.suddenly→sudden解析：此處須要用形容詞修飾后面的名詞stop，表示“突然的停止”。7．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady.steady→steadily解析：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞grow是不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“增長(zhǎng)，增加”，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用副詞steadily作狀語(yǔ)修飾grow。growsteadily意為“穩(wěn)定地增長(zhǎng)”。8．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentscouldn'tunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.freely→free解析：此處須要用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。befreefromthem“擺脫他們”。9．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.honest→honesty解析：依據(jù)句意和結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用名詞形式。eq\a\vs4\al(考點(diǎn)1名詞與其他詞類的詞形轉(zhuǎn)化)1．動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴(1)-al表示人、物、行為：(特別：去e＋-al)approve贊成→approval贊成survive幸存→survival幸存arrive到達(dá)→arrival到達(dá)refuse拒絕→refusal拒絕propose提議→proposal提議；建議(2)-ance/-ence表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或行為appear出現(xiàn)→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌perform表演→performance表演exist存在→existence存在prefer較喜愛→preference偏愛refer參考；查閱→reference參考；查閱depend依靠→dependence依靠；依靠*guide指引→guidance引導(dǎo)；指導(dǎo)(3)-ion/-tion/-ation表示狀態(tài)或行為direct指揮；指導(dǎo)→direction方向；指導(dǎo)expect期盼→expectation期盼；期望*explain說明→explanation說明invite邀請(qǐng)→invitation邀請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)柬solve解決→solution解決compete競(jìng)爭(zhēng)→competition競(jìng)賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)pronounce發(fā)音→pronunciation發(fā)音describe描述→description描寫*repeat重復(fù)→repetition重復(fù)(4)-s(s)ion表示行為或狀態(tài)discuss探討→discussion探討admit承認(rèn)→admission承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許加入*decide確定→decision確定(5)-ing具有……(特征)的hear聽→hearing聽力；聽覺listen聽→listening聽；聽力*begin起先→beginning起先部分(6)-ment表示行為、結(jié)果等achieve達(dá)到；完成→achievement成就develop發(fā)展→development發(fā)展*(去e)argue爭(zhēng)辯→argument爭(zhēng)辯；論據(jù)(7)-ure/-ture表示行為或狀態(tài)fail失敗→failure失敗press壓；擠→pressure壓力mix混合→mixture混合物*expose暴露→exposure面臨；暴露(8)-y表示……的動(dòng)作(或過程)recover復(fù)原→recovery復(fù)原；痊愈discover發(fā)覺→discovery發(fā)覺*其他常見改變：choose選擇→choice選擇vary相異→variety多樣化；品種tend傾向→tendency趨向；趨勢(shì)grow生長(zhǎng)→growth生長(zhǎng)marry結(jié)婚→marriage婚姻carry搬→carriage客車廂；運(yùn)輸pack整理(行李)→package包；盒post郵寄→postage郵資；郵費(fèi)store貯存→storage貯存2．形容詞變名詞的后綴(1)-age集合short短的→shortage不足；短缺(2)-cy表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)fluent流利→fluency流利；流暢accurate精確的→accuracy精確(性)private私有的→privacy隱私efficient效率高的→efficiency效率(3)-dom表示地位、狀況等f(wàn)ree自由的→freedom自由wise明智的→wisdom才智(4)-ness表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)dark黑的→darkness黑暗weak虛弱的→weakness虛弱kind友好的→kindness和善cold寒冷的→coldness冷淡；冷漠a(chǎn)ware知道的；意識(shí)到的→awareness知道；意識(shí)(5)-th表示結(jié)果、過程、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)warm暖和的→warmth暖和true真的→truth真相*deep深的→depth深(度)strong強(qiáng)壯的→strength力氣long長(zhǎng)的→length長(zhǎng)度wide寬的→width寬度(6)-y/-ity表示性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)difficult困難的→difficulty困難honest誠(chéng)懇的→honesty誠(chéng)懇*safe平安的→safety平安cruel殘忍的→cruelty殘忍responsible負(fù)責(zé)的→responsibility責(zé)任(7)-ent變?yōu)?ence，-ant變?yōu)?ance，-nd變?yōu)?nsedifferent不同的→difference不同(之處)silent緘默的；不說話的→silence寧?kù)orespond回應(yīng)→response響應(yīng)patient有耐性的→patience耐性absent缺席的→absence缺席present出席的→presence出席confident自信的→confidence信念convenient便利的→convenience便利important重要的→importance重要(性)defend防衛(wèi)；保衛(wèi)→defense/defence防衛(wèi)；愛護(hù)eq\a\vs4\al(考點(diǎn)2形容詞、副詞后綴)1．名詞或動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞的規(guī)律類別例詞詞尾加-ycloud→cloudy,luck→lucky,health→healthy,sleep→sleepy詞尾加-(e)dgift→gifted,talent→talented,advance→advanced詞尾加-ful/-lessmeaning→meaningful/meaningless,care→careful/careless,help→helpful/helpless,harm→harmful/harmless,home→homeless,colour→colourful,use→useless/useful,thank→thankful,peace→peaceful詞尾加-ablecomfort→comfortable,knowledge→knowledgeable,accept→acceptable,respect→respectable詞尾加-ousdanger→dangerous,courage→courageous,humour→humorous詞尾加-ce變?yōu)?tconfidence→confident,difference→different續(xù)表類別例詞詞尾加-almusic→musical,person→personal,nation→national,education→educational,tradition→traditional詞尾加-lyfriend→friendly,week→weekly,loved→lovely詞尾加-enwood→wooden,wool→woolen其他常見改變energy→energetic,fool→foolish,pleasure→pleasant/pleased,science→scientific[以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的名詞變成形容詞時(shí)，要雙寫該輔音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny,fun→funny等)，以e結(jié)尾的名詞要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy、ice→icy等)動(dòng)詞詞尾加-tiveattract→attractive，talk→talktive，prevent→preventive2.區(qū)分-ed形容詞與-ing形容詞解決此類問題有兩個(gè)切入點(diǎn)：第一，看語(yǔ)境表示的是“令人……”(-ing)，還是“感到……”(-ed)；其次，看語(yǔ)境說明的是性質(zhì)特征(-ing)，還是感受(-ed)。詳細(xì)如下：(1)-ing型形容詞主要用于修飾事物，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征，常譯為“令人……的”；修飾人時(shí)，則表示此人具有此性質(zhì)或特征。Thestoryisveryinteresting.這個(gè)故事很好玩。(故事本身好玩)。Themanisveryinteresting.這個(gè)人很好玩。(人本身或人的性格好玩)(2)-ed型形容詞通常用于說明人的感受，常譯為“感到……的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)人自身的情感波動(dòng)；修飾事物時(shí)，則多修飾smile(微笑)、feeling(感覺)、appearance(外貌)、cry(哭)、face(面部表情)、voice(聲音)、mood(心情)、look(表情)等表示某人情感狀況的名詞。Hehadapleasedsmileonhisface.他臉上露出了滿足的微笑。(apleasedsmile意為“滿足的微笑”，指某人因感到滿足而露出的微笑)Hetoldmethenewsinaveryexcitedvoice.他以特別激烈的聲音告知了我這個(gè)消息。(averyexcitedvoice意為“很激烈的聲音”，指某人因感到激烈而發(fā)出的聲音)3．形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞的規(guī)律類別例詞形容詞＋后綴-lyclear→clearly,great→greatly,loud→loudly,sudden→suddenly,sincere→sincerely以輔音字母-y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變?yōu)閕再加-lyhappy→happily,angry→angrily,lucky→luckily,heavy→heavily,noisy→noisily續(xù)表類別例詞詞尾為-ble/-le的形容詞，去掉e，再加-yterrible→terribly,possible→possibly,gentle→gently,probable→probably,comfortable→comfortably,responsible→responsibly,suitable→suitably詞尾為-ue的形容詞，去掉e再加-lytrue→truly詞尾為-ll的形容詞，干脆加-yfull→fully,dull→dully詞尾為-ic的形容詞，加-allybasic→basically,scientific→scientifically,specific→specifically,automatic→automaticallyⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theyhadbothbeensentencedtodeath(die)．2．Thegirlthenplantsakissonthegrassinaheart-warmingshowofaffection(affect)．3．Myapplication(apply)wassuccessfulandIspentanenjoyablemonthlearningfilm-making.4．Perhapshecanmakehisfortune(fortunate)atfootball.5．Ireallyneededsnow,becauseitwasgoodformyrecovery(recover)．6．Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.Unfortunately(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.7．Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeisuseless(use)．8．Therearesomanydifferentlabelsonfoodnowadays.Theyarenotonlyconfusing(confuse)butalsomisleading.Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．DisappointingasIfeltattheshabbycampusandthepoorly-equippedclassroom,Ifoundtheteacherspatient.Disappointing→Disappointed2．Similar,peopleprefermoviesthatreflecttheirmood.Similar→Similarly3．Whilehavinganoperation,shehadanearlydeathexperience.nearly→near4．Ihavereadlotsofinspiredstoriesofkindness.inspired→inspiring5．Inordertomakemyselfunderstood,Itoldhimhowtogothereasclearaspossible.clear→clearly6．First,wemustbefriendlyandkindly.kindly→kind7．I'mlookingforwardtoyourkindreplyatyourearliestconvenient.convenient→convenience8．Evenclosestfriendshavequarrels,sodon'ttakeittooserious.serious→seriouslyⅢ.語(yǔ)法填空ChinesePresidentXiJinpinghaspraisedagroupofmiddleschoolstudentsfortheireffortsinsatellitedesign.Hesaidhewaspleasedwiththeircuriosityandbraveryin__1__(science)exploration.ThepresidentalsowishedtheteachersandstudentsinBayiSchool__Ximadethepraiseinaletter__3__(write)tothestudentsinBeijing'sBayiSchoolonSaturday.Asmallsatellitedesignedanddevelopedbythem__4__(send)intospacelastWednesdayatTaiyuanSatelliteLaunchCenter__Threemonthsago,Xireturnedto__6__(he)highschool,tovisitalaboratoryandtalktoteachersandstudents__7__weredesigningthesmallsatellite.Thepresidentsaidhewas__8__(extreme)gladtoknowthatthesatellitedesignedbythestudentswouldbelaunchedandcalledonthemtobecome__9__(build)ofthecountry.Xiwarmlyencouragedthestudents__10__(study)scienceandcontributetothedevelopmentofChina.Hehopedthatthestudentswouldkeephungryforknowledgeanddeveloptheirnationalspirit.本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平贊揚(yáng)了一群中學(xué)生在衛(wèi)星設(shè)計(jì)方面所做的努力。1．scientific解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾名詞exploration，用形容詞形式。2．a(chǎn)解析：考查冠詞。此處表示泛指，故用不定冠詞a。3．written解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。letter與write之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。4．was_sent解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。依據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastWednesda