《機(jī)械制造類專業(yè)英語（第2版）》高職全套教學(xué)課件

ModuleIMasteringbasicsinWorkshopAdvancedManufacturingFoundationandCasesAdvancedManufacturingProcessandCasesAdvancedManufacturingDesignandCasesAdvancedManufacturingEquipmentandCases全套可編輯PPT課件SceneOneKitTask1WorkplacetoolsRecognizecommontoolsandreciteinpairs.Handtools——Generalprybar撬棍SceneOneKitTask1WorkplacetoolsSceneOneKitTask1WorkplacetoolsSafetyissueOKNotOKPlantoimprove?Wideenoughforgoodstraffic.Adequatelylit.Surfacefreefromdefects.Clearofcases,materialsandrubbish.Engineeringcontrolsmayincludechangingprocesses,equipmentortools,forexample:installationofmachineguardsandmachineoperationcontrolsventilationtoremovechemicalfumesanddusts,andusingwettingdowntechniquestominimizedustlevelschanginglayoutofworklevelstominimizebendingandtwistingduringmanualhandlingpromoteasafeenvironmentpreservelifepreventinjuryorillnessfrombecomingworsehelppromoterecoveryprotecttheunconsciousreassuretheillorinjuredbasicfirstaidnotesindividuallywrappedsterileadhesivedressingssterileeyepadssterilecoveringsforseriouswoundstriangularbandagessafetypinsworkbenchordressingtrolleycupboardsforstorageofmedicalsupplies,dressingsandlinensoileddressingcontainerselectricalpowerpointsmedicalexaminationcouchwithblanketsandpillowschemicalspillsorchemicalreleasebombthreatsstructuralfaultsinthebuildingfloodingorseverewaterdamagethreatsofviolenceorrobberySmokingonlywherepermitted.Large,non-tipashtraysshouldbeusedandeverythinginthemshouldbecoldbeforetheyareemptied.Keepingpassagewaysandexitsfreefromstorageandwasteinordertominimizecombustiblematerial.1.Eliminateorreplacetheplantoritsoperationwithaquieteroperation.2.Replacenoisyequipmentwithnewerequipmentthatcreateslessnoise.3.Usesoundabsorbingmaterialtoabsorbvibrationandthusreducenoise.4.Enclosenoisymachineryorputbarriersbetweenthemachineryandpeople.5.Reducetheamountoftimepeopleareexposedtonoise,oruseearmuffsSceneTwo

WorkplaceToolsandMeasuringEquipmentchisel鑒子Application:cuttingrivetsboltsnutsandsheetsteel.diamond-point鉆石刻刀Application:cleaningkeywaysthreadsandcorners.die板牙socketaccessories(bracespeed)手搖驅(qū)動(dòng)器

Application:Unscrewingloosebolts.Screwingboltsornutsuntiltheyarejusttight.

extension加長(zhǎng)桿Application:Locatingthehandleorspeedbraceinapositionthatclearsothercomponentsorbodywork.slidingtee滑動(dòng)板手Application:AsaboveratchetApplication:Unscrewingboltsornutswhenspacearoundthemislimited.universaljoint萬向節(jié)extradeep加深型Application:Looseningortighteningcomponentsornutsfittedsomedistancefromtheendoftheirstuds.sparkplug火花塞套筒板手Application:Looseningortighteningsparkplugs.

impact沖去套筒ring雙梅花板手Application:Looseningortighteningboltsornutsthathaveconfinedspaceabovethem.combination兩用板手Application:Hastheadvantagesofbothtypesofspanners.tap(hand)絲錐wrench(adjustable)活動(dòng)板手Application:Substitutingforthecorrectspanner.pipe管子鉗Application:Grippingandturningcylindricalshapes.Handtools---specializedgrease(hand)潤(rùn)

oilgun(hand)手動(dòng)油槍Application:Withdrawingoilfromacomponentorinsertingoilintoacomponent.pipecutter管子切割器Application:Cuttingtheendofsteelorcoppertubingsothatitissquare.Application:Removingoilseals.steeringwheel轉(zhuǎn)向盤拉拔器Application:Removingsteeringwheels.

valvetapper氣門研磨具Whenusingalltoolsandequipment,thesafetyaspectisextremelyimportant.Toolsandequipmentusedforthepurposeforwhichtheywereintendedwillnotbearisktotheoperator,hisorherworkmatesorthecomponentpartsorthevehicle.Itistheresponsibilityoftheoperatorandtheworkshopmanagertoserviceandmaintainalltoolsandequipment.coolingsystem水溫檢測(cè)儀

Application:Testingacoolingsystemforleaks.Testingaradiatorcappressuresetting.compressiongauge壓力表feelergauge塞尺Application:Measuringsmallclearancesorgapsthatexistbetweentwocomponents.Forexampleusedtomeasuretappetclearance.

insidecaliper內(nèi)卡鉗

pressureandcacuumgauge真空壓力表Application:Testingthepressureandcacuumofamechanicalfuelpump.Testingtheinletmanifoldvacuumofarunningengine.sparking-pluggauge火花塞規(guī)Application:Settingthetensionofboltsornutstoagivenvalue.veeblockV形塊Application:Testingtheresistanceofanelectricalcomponentthathasbeendisconnectedorremovedfromitscircuit.multi-meter萬用表Application:Testingamps,ohmsandvoltsrelatedtothecomponentsinagivenelectricalcircuit.

timinglight正時(shí)檢測(cè)儀Becauseaccuratemeasurementisoftenessential,itisnecessarytolearntousethevariousmeasuringtoolsefficiently.Thesimplesttoolformeasuringisthegraduatedrulewhich,forautomotivework,ismadeofalloysteel,hardenedandground.Thethreeformsofelectricalcircuitsarethe1.Series2.Parallel3.Acombinationofboth,knownasseries/parallel.SceneTwoIndustrialMaterialsTask1CognitionmaterialsBeforeyoustepintothisscene,pleaselearnbyheartthefollowingwordsandexpressionswithyourclassmatesbylookingupthedictionaryorsurfingtheinternet.

Engineeringmaterialsfallintotwobasictypes:metallicornon-metallic.Non-metallicmaterialsarefurtherclassifiedasorganicorinorganicsubstances.Inmetalworking,ironisthemostimportantnaturalelement.Whencombinedwithotherelementsintovariousalloysitbecomestheleadingengineeringmetal.Thenonferrousmetals,includingcopper,tin,zinc,nickel,magnesium,aluminium,lead,andothersallplayanimportantpartinouteconomy.

ModuleIIadvancedmanufacturingprocessandcases

√copper√zinc√tin√nickel√magnesium√aluminium√leadSceneOneCommonProcessingTechnologyandCasesTask1CommonProcessingTechnology

Engineeringpropertiesincludetensilestrength,compressivestrength,torsionstrengthandmagneticproperties.（x）Thepropertiesofmaterialsincludedensity,vaporpressureandelectricproperties.（√）Pullingonthetwoendsofaspecimencandeterminetensilestrength.（√）Therearestandardtestsfordeterminingshearortorsioncharacteristics.（x）Theshearstrengthofamaterialisgenerallyabout75%ofitstensilestrength.（x）Strengthincompressionisvalidforductilematerials.（x）

Ductilematerials朔性材料Heattreatment熱處理compressivestrength抗壓強(qiáng)度torsionalstrength抗扭強(qiáng)度tensilestrength抗拉強(qiáng)度dissolve溶解

Lowcarbonsteelcontaining0.05%and0.3%carbonMediumcarbonsteelcontaining0.3%and0.7%carbonHighcarbonsteelcontaining0.7%and1.5%carbon

Asthecarboncontentisincreasedincarbonsteel,thestrength,toughness,andhardnessalsoincreasewhenthemetalisheatedtreated.

Alloysteelscontainthesamecontentascarbonsteels.T 2.Alloysteelscontainelementssuchaschromium,molybdenumandvanadium.T 3.Theessentialconstituentsinbothcarbonandalloysteelsareferriteandcarbon.T

SceneTwo3DPrintingandCaseTask13DPrintingOverview1Briefintroduction

1.highcompressivestrengthexpectedevenathightemperatures2.wearresistance3.greattoughness4.corrosionresistanceandgoodthermalconductivityThemostimportantrequirementsforthemoldsteelsare

SceneThreeWeldingProcessandCaseTask1WeldingProcess

Mostelectricalmachiningprocesseshavecomeaboutduetothedevelopmentofapace-agemetalalloysthataretoughandhardtomachine.Grindingcutting,andshapingwithcuttingtoolsareexacting,time-consuming,andexpensiveprocessesonsuchalloys.

Mostelectricalmachiningprocesseshavecomeabout__________thedevelopmentofapace-agemetalalloysthatare____________and________________tomachine.Grindingcutting,andshapingwithcuttingtoolsareexacting,_______________,andexpensiveprocessesonsuchalloys.Insomecases,machiningwithconventionalequipmentisalmostimpossible.

Onstandardmachinetools,electricalenergyisconvertedbyanelectricmotorintomotionthatistransmittedthroughaseriesofshafts,pulleys,belts,andgearstoacuttingtool.Incontrast,theelectricalmachiningprocessesmakedirectuseofelectricalenergy.

SceneFourPlasticProcessandCaseTask1PlasticProcessDrillingn.鉆削Millingn.銃削Fastenv.固定，加固，連接Feedn.進(jìn)給，送給Cuttern.刀具Clampn.夾子Carriagevt.溜板Bedn床Headstockn.主軸箱Tailstockn.尾架Slidev.滑動(dòng)Thelargestpartofthelatheiscalledthebedonwhichtheheadstockandthetailstockarefastenedatoppositeends.Ontheupperpartofthebedtherearespecialwaysuponwhichthecarriageandthetailstockslide.latheroundworkaxisturningtheworkparalleltotheaxisangletothisaxiscutterfeedclampedtoolpostcarriagelathehand

Thealignmentofthelathecentersmaybetestedbytakingacutandthenmeasuringbothendsofthecutwithamicrometer.Notallworksshouldbefastenedbetweenthetwocentersofthelathe.Ashortworkmaybeturnedwithoutusingthedeadcenter,bysimplychuckingitproperlyatthespindleoftheheadstock.SceneOne lathelathechuckclampingwobblingturningthechuckheadstockspindleconstructiongearboxshortworkthree-jawuniversalchuckfour-jawchucklathecenterdeadcenterSceneTwoMilling

Removev旋轉(zhuǎn)Mountv固定Arborn心軸Spacern墊片Bushingn村套Yoken刀桿支架Slitv切開Clockwiseadj順時(shí)針Regularadj規(guī)則的

particularadj特別的Horizontaladj水平的Variousadj不同點(diǎn)Variationn變化Regularorirregularshapedworkmaybeproducedonamillingmachine.Designsvaryingaccordingtotheparticularclassofworkwanted.Accordingtothepositionofthespindle,themillingmachinesmaybedividedintotwogroupsofverticalspindlemillingmachinesandhorizontalspindlemillingmachines.Millingmachinesmaybeintovariousclasses.cylindricalcutters（）endmillingcutters（）sideandfacecutters（）formmillingcutters（）angularcutters（）slittingsaw（）Accordingtothe__________ofthespindle,themillingmachinesmaybedividedinto__________groupsofverticalspindlemillingmachinesand__________spindlemillingmachines.Millingmachinesmaybegroupedintovarious__________.Thedividinghead(alsocalledanindexhead)isadeviceusedtodividetheperipheryofapieceworkintoanynumberofequalparts,andtoholdtheworkintherequiredpositionwhilethecutsarebeingmade.Variouskindsofvisesmaybeusedforholdingtheworkinamillingmachine,themostcommonbeingtheplainvise,andtheswivelvise.Variousattachmentsareusedforincreasingthe__________ofworkthatcanbeperformedona__________machine.Thedividinghead(alsocalledan__________)isadeviceusedtodividetheperipheryofapieceworkintoanynumberof__________parts,andtoholdtheworkinthe__________positionwhilethecutsarebeingmade.Variouskindsof__________maybeusedforholdingtheworkinamillingmachine,themostcommonbeingthe__________vise,andConicaladj圓錐的Surplusn過剩Exterioradj外面的Tapern錐形Sharpenvt使銳利Substiuten代替者Basen床身Concentricityn同軸度Peripheryn圓柱表面Infeedn橫向進(jìn)給Interioradj內(nèi)部的1.Cylindricalgrinding.Exteriorcylindersandtapersaregroundonplaingrindingmachinesandoncenterlessgrinders.Theconstructionofuniversalgrindingmachinesissimilartothatofplaingrinders.Theyareequippedwithaninternalgrindingattachment,however,nothattheycandobothcylindricalandinternalgrinding.2.Internalgrinding.Interiorcylindersandtapersaregroundoninternalgrindingmachinesandoncenterlessgrinders..Agrinding_____________isamachinewhichemploysagrinding_____________forproducingcylindrical,conicalorplane_____________accuratelyandeconomicallyandtothe_____________shape,size,andfinish.Thesurplusstockisremovedbyfeedingtheworkagainsttherevolvingwheelorbyforcingtherevolvingwheel_____________thework.Intraverse-cutgrinding,thework-pieceisfedlongitudinallypastthefaceofthegrindingwheel,andthewheelisfedtowardtheworkaftereachreversalofthetableuntilthepieceisfinishedtosize.Theinfeedateachreversalshouldbefrom0.001to0.005inchforroughing,andfrom0.0005to0.0025inchforfinishing.inplunge-cutgrinding,agrindingwheelthathasafacewidthGrinder磨床Capable有能力的Swivel旋轉(zhuǎn)Degree程度Line線Footstock尾架Dog擋塊Rapid迅速的,快的Rapidly快,迅速地Rate率,比率,速度Oppositely在對(duì)面,相反的

Boththegrindingwheelandthework-piecerotateduringthemachiningoperations.Thegrindingwheelturnsrapidly-825to1,250rpm.Theworkpieceturnsamuchslowerrate-100to400rpm.Thesurfacesofthegrindingwheelandtheworkpiecemoveinoppositedirectionsattheirlineofcontact.Thetableisusedtomovethework-pieceacrossthefrontofthewheel.

Radialadj半徑的Radiallyadv沿徑向Handlen把手Armn臂Circlen圓Controln控制Selectvt選擇Selectorn選擇器Levern杠桿

Spindlefeedsandspeedsarecontrolledbyselectorleverswhichengagethepropergearsinthedrillhead.Depthoffeedisalsocontrolleddirectlyinthedrillheadbyasuitablemechanism.Inadditiontodrills,othertoolssuchasreamersandboring

Spindlefeedsandspeedsarecontrolledbyselector___________whichengagethepropergearsinthedrillhead.Depthof___________isalsocontrolleddirectlyinthedrillheadbya___________mechanism.Inadditiontodrills,othertoolssuchas___________and___________canalsobeused;thesetoolsaddagreatdealof___________tothismachine.ModuleIIIadvancedmanufacturingdesignandcasesAcomputernumericalcontrol(CNC)machineisanNCmachinewiththeaddedfeatureofanon-boardcomputer.Theon-boardcomputerisoftenreferredtoasthemachinecontrolunitorMCU.TheMCUusuallyhasanalphanumerickeyboardfordirectormanualdatainput(MDI)ofpartprograms

▲continuous-path(orcontouring)toolmovements▲incrementalpositioning▲closed-loop▲right-handcoordinatesystem▲left-handcoordinatesystem.▲Hydraulic▲pneumatic▲electric▲point-to-pointtoolmovements▲absolutepositioning▲open-loopMachiningcentresarethedevelopmentinCNCtechnology.Turningcenterswithincreasedcapacitytoolchangersarealsomakingstrongappearanceinmodernproductionshops.TheseCNCmachinesarecapableofexecutingmanydifferenttypesoflathecuttingoperationssimultaneouslyonrotatingpart.Inadditiontomachiningcentersandturningcentres,CNCtechnologyhasalsobeenappliedtomanyothertypesofmanufacturingequipment.Amongthesearewireelectricaldischargemachines(WEDM)andlasercuttingmachines.SessionOneCNCprogrammingAclosed-loopsystem-Aclosed-loopsystemutilizestheservemotorwhosetypesincludeACservomotorisedservomotors.（）Anopen-loopsystem-Anopen-loopsystemutilizessteppingmotorstocreatemachinemovements.Canyoumakeclearthemeaningofthefollowingfigures?Surveyyourworkplacecarefullywithyourteammatesandtrytogiveeachofthemacorrespondinganswerfromtheanswersheetfollowingthefigures.（）machineaxisforathree-axisverticalCNCmachine（machineaxisdefinedasspindlemovement）（）machineaxisforathree-axishorizontalCNCmachine（machineaxisdefinedasspindlemovement）（）coordinatesystemforahorizontalmillingmachine（）coordinatesystemforaverticalmillingmachine（）machineaxesforsix-axisverticalCNCmachine（）thewordsspecifywhichunits,whichinterpolator,absoluteorincrementalprogramming,whichcircularinterpolationplane,cuttercompensation,andsoon.（）definethreedimensional(andthreerotational)axes.（）specifyfeedandspeed.（）specifiestooldiameter,nexttoolnumber,toolchange,andsoon.（）specifydrillcycle,borncycle,millcycle,andclearanceplane.（）specifythecoolantcondition,thatis,coolanton/off,flood,andmist.（）Point-to-pointtoolmovementscausethetooltoapointonthepartandexecuteanoperationatthatpointonly.（）Continuous-pathtoolmovementsaresonamedbecausetheycausethetooltomaintaincontinuouscontactwiththepartasthetoolcutsacontourshape.16.CONTROLPANEL17.POWERON/OFF18.RESET5.MDI6.HANDLE7.JOG8.CYCLESTART14.RAPIDTRAVERSEOVERRIDE15.MACHINELOCK9FEEDHOLD10SINGLEBLOCK11.dryrun19.CRTCHARACTERDISPLAY20.DISPLAY1.EMERGENCYSTOP2.MODESELECT3.EDIT4.MEMORY12REFERENCERETUR13.FEEDRATEOVERRIDE（）Thecontentsofthecurrentlyactiveprogramareactivesequencenumberdisplay（）Thescreenisonwhichallthecharacters(addresses)anddataareshown（）Thisbuttonisusedforalarmingcancellationorcancellationofanoperation.（）Thecontrolisalwaysturnedonafterthemainpowerswitch,locatedonthedoorofthecontrolsystem（）Usually,thecontrolpanelislocatedatthefrontofthemainelectronicsystemandisequippedwithascreenandwithvariousbuttonsandswitches（）Thisswitchisusedtocheckanewprogramonthemachine.Allmovementsofthetoolareblocked,whileacheckisrunonthecomputerscreen.（）thismodeenablestheautomaticcontrolofthemachine.（）thismodeenablestheNCtocommandthememorytobeexecuted.（）thismodeenablesyouto:Entertheprogramtomachinememory,Enteranychangestotheprogram,Transferdatafromtheprogramtoatape,Checkthememorystoragecapacity.（）Usethisswitchtospecifytheoperationalmod.（）thisbuttonisredandislocatedinthelowerleftcornerofthecontrolpanel.InaCNCsystem,each_____________ofmotionisequippedwithaseparatedrivingsourcethatreplacesthehandwheeloftheconventionalmachine.Thedrivingsourcecanbe___________motor,a_______________,ora__________________.Thesourceselectedis______________mainlybasedontheprecisionrequirementsObserveyourworkplacewithyourcolleaguesthedifferentkindsoflathesalsothecomponentsofaCNClatheandthentryyourbesttofinishoffthefollowingtasks:task1,fillintheblanksinthefollowingfigures;task2,rememberthemwiththehelpofyourgroupmembers,thendictatethemforeachother.

ComponentsofaCNClathehorizontalmachiningcenter加工中心turningcenter立式加工中心millingmachine電火花加工機(jī)床machiningcenter車削中心verticalmachiningcenter銑床CNCmachiningcenter數(shù)控加工中心coordinatesystem坐標(biāo)系electro-dischargemachine臥式加工中心Manytoolpathsaresimplytoodifficultandexpensivetoprogrammanually.Forthesesituations,weneedthehelpofacomputertowriteanNCpartprogram.ThefundamentalconceptofCAD/CAMidthatwecanuseaCADdraftingsystemtodrawthegeometryofawokpieceonacomputer.Oncethegeometryiscompleted,thenwecanuseaCAMsystemtogenerateanNCtoolpathbasedontheCADgeometry

themodelisverified.theCAMsystemcreatestoolpaths.thegeometryisdefinedintheCADdrawingWorkinyourworkplaceandobservetheCAD/CAMsystemcarefullyandthentrytofillintheblanksinthefollowingfigures

WatchtheCADdrawingcarefullyinyourworkplaceanddiscussitwithyourgroupmembersthefourstepsfromaCADdrawingtotheworkingNCcodethenputthefollowingsentencesinrightorderwiththehelpofyourteammates.()ThefinalproductofCAD/CAMprocessistheNCcode.()ThegeometryisdefinedinaCADdrawing.()ThemodelisnestimportedintotheCAMmodule.()TheCAMmodelisthenverifiedtoensurethatthetoolpathsarecorrect.CAD/CAMsystemscontainbothCADandCAMcapabilities,eachofwhichhasanumberoffunctionalelements.TheCADportionofthesystemisusedtocreatethegeometryasaCADmodel.TheCADsystem,whetherstandaloneoraspartofaCAD/CAMpackage,tendstobeavailableinseveraldifferentlevelsofsophistication.Wireframescanbedifficulttovisualize,butallZ-axisinformationisavailablefortheCAMoperations.Solidmodelscanbeslicedopentorevealinternalfeaturesandnotjustathinskin.A.theCAMmoduleisusedtocreatethemachiningprocessmodelbaseduponthegeometrysuppliedintheCADmodel.B.theCAMsystemwillgenerateagenericintermediatecodethatdescribesthemachiningoperation,whichcanlaterbeusedtoproduceGandMcodeorconversationalprograms.C.theCAMmodulesalsocomeinseveralclassesandlevelsofsophistication.（）CAM模塊也有多種類型和層次。（）CAM系統(tǒng)生成描述加工操作的普通中間代碼，這些代碼以后可以用來生成G和M代碼或會(huì)話式程序。（）根據(jù)CAD模型提供的幾何形狀，CAM模塊用于創(chuàng)建加工工藝模型。WeknowastandardCNCmachinetoolcan’tbeusedtodirectlyproduceanellipse.Howdowesolvethisproblem?Readthefollowingmaterialsandobservethefiguresfollowingthematerialsandthentrytofindouttheanswers.TheCAMsystemwillreconcilethisproblembyestimatingthecurvewithlinesegments.TheCAMsystemwillgenerateaboundinggeometryoneithersideofthetruecurvetoformatolerancezone.Smallertolerancezoneswillproducefinertoolpathsandmorenumerouslinesegments,whilelargertolerancezoneswillproducefewerlinesegmentsandcoarsertoolpaths.1.OneimportantconceptwemustunderstandisthatthegeometryrepresentedbytheCADdrawingmaynotbeexactlythesamegeometrythatisproducedontheCNCmachinetool.

2.Tocreatethemachiningoperations,theCAMsystemwillneedtoknowwhichcuttingtoolsareavailableandwhatmaterialwearemachining.

3.Itiseasytorelyonthecomputertogeneratethecorrecttoolpath,butfinishedsurfacesarefurtherestimatedduringmachiningwithballendmills.

PureCADsystemsareusedinallareasofdesign,andvirtuallyanyproducttodayisdesignedwithCADsoftware.Gonearethedaysofpencilandpaperdrawings.ThismismatchsetsuptheclassicargumentbetweentheCADdesignersandtheCAD/CAMprogrammeronwhatisthebestwaytoapproachCAD/CAM.Thegreatertheacceptanceofthestandard,thegreaterthereturnoninvestmentforthebusinessesthatownthesoftware.Regardlessofthepaththatischosen,organizationsandindividualstendtobecomeentrenchedinparticulartechnology.Fillintheblankinthefollowingpassagethentalkaboutit.Operatingsystemsareprograms__________foraspecificcomputerorclassofcomputers.Forconvenientandefficientoperation,__________anddataareavailableinthesystem’smemory.Theoperating__________isespeciallyconcernedwiththeinput/output(I/O)deviceslike____________,printers,andtapepunches.Inmost_________theoperatingsystemissuppliedwiththecomputer.TranslatethefollowingexpressionsintoEnglish.二維線條圖三維線框模型刀具軌跡三維表面模型三維實(shí)體模型理論曲線公差帶格式可定制的（）Thiscanbeviaasimplebackplotofthetoolcentrelineorviaasophisticatedsolidmodelofthemachiningoperations.（）Thepost–processorisasoftwareprogramthattakesagenericintermediatecodeandformatstheNCcodeofeachparticularmachinetoolcontrol.A.后置處理器是一個(gè)軟件程序，他將通用的中間代碼格式化為使用于每個(gè)特定機(jī)床控制器的NC代碼。B.（這種驗(yàn)證）可以通過在屏幕上畫出簡(jiǎn)單的刀具中心線或復(fù)雜的實(shí)體模型（來實(shí)現(xiàn)）NURBScurvescanrepresentvirtuallyanygeometry,rangingfromastraightlineorcirculararctocomplexsurfaces.MoreprogressiveCAMdeveloperstendtoproducetheirtoolandmateriallibrariesasdatabasefilesthatcanbeeasilymodifiedandcustomizedforotherapplications.

Itiseasytorelyonthecomputertogeneratethecorrecttoolpath,butfinishedsurfacesarefurtherestimatedduringmachiningwithballendmills.ModuleIVadvancedmanufacturingequipmentandcases__________moldingrepresentsafurtherdevelopmentof______________molding.Theuncuredthermosetting___________isplacedinaheatedtransferpotor____________.Afterthematerialisheated,itis___________intoheatedclosedmolds.Transfermoldingrepresentsafurtherdevelopmentofcompressionmolding.Theuncuredthermosettingmaterialisplacedinaheatedtransferpotorchamber.Afterthematerialisheated,itisinjectedintoheatedclosedmolds.opentoclose

moldclosedandcavitiesfiled

moldopenandmoldedpartsejected

（a）Shearangleblankthicknesspunchdie（b）punchdiebevelshear（c）double-bevelshear（d）convexshearAcompletepresstoolforcuttingaholeormulti-holesinsheetmaterialatonestrokeofthepress,asclassifiedandstandardizedbyalargemanufactureasasingle-stationpiercingdie.

Pressworkingterminologycommonlydefinesthefemalepartofanycompletepresstoolasadie.

Afterpenetrationoftheworkmaterial,thetwopunchesenterthediebushingsforaslightdistance.thediametersofthediebushingsarelargethanthoseofthepunchesbytheamountofclearance.

Sincetheworkmaterialstockorworkpiececanclingtoapunchontheupstroke,itmaybenecessarytostripthematerialfromthepunch.Spring-loadedstrippersholdtheworkmaterialagainstthedieblockuntilt