寫作教程第二版(鄒申)unit1-General(I) 2

TargetingSuccessfulWritingRosalynzhaorosalynzhao@163.comRequirementsMobile-phoneAttendanceAssignmentParticipationNotebookUnit1General(I)---ParagraphParagraphwhatexactlyisaparagraph?Andwhatisagoodparagraph?II.1TopicSentenceDefinition---AsentencethatnamesthetopicoftheparagraphandcontainsacontrollingideaiscalledT.S.Televisionprogramsforchildrenhavebecomeincreasinglyviolent.Learningaforeignlanguageismoreandmoreimportantforyoungpeople.CathyisthekindestneighborIhaveeverknown.Thefoodweeathasaprofoundeffectonourhealth.TopicControllingidea1.Selectingageneraltopic（subject）2.Readingandthinking3.Narrowingdownthescopeofyourtopictoafacetswhichcanbedevelopedintoaresearchpaper4.FormulatingthefinaltopicChoosingatopicsubjecttopicIsmytopic:1.toolimited?2.toobroad?3.tootechnical?4.yesterday’snews?5.toocontroversial?6.likableenough?Trytotellwhatarethosefollowingsentencesbelongsto,subjectortopic?Trytotellwhatarethosefollowingsentencesbelongsto,subjectortopic?1.Alternativefuels.2.HenryFord’sdevelopmentoftheassemblylineresultedinthemassproductionofcars.3.America’slegalsystem.4.Americaneedsaflattax.5.Butterflies.6.Isintelligencedeterminedbynatureorbynurture?subjectsubjectsubjecttopictopictopicUnsatisfactoryTopics1.Themajorpoets,painters,anddramatistsoftheRenaissance:---toobroadandcannotbecompletedwithinthetimeallocatedUnsatisfactoryTopics2.Americashouldlowerthedrinkingage.---boringorwrittenabouttoooften.3.Therearemanydifferenttheoriestoexplainthedisappearanceofthedinosaurs.---toobroadandcannotbecompletedwithinthetimeallocated.4.Americaneedsstrongercontrollaws.---boringorwrittenabouttoooften.UnsatisfactoryTopics5.Nanoscale“trees”improveefficiencyinlow-costplasticsolarcells.---unfamiliartoyou,soyoucannotwriteaboutitknowledgeably.GoodTopics1.Mediaproducersshouldprosecutepeoplewhodownloadcopyrightedmusic…2.Studentsshouldbeplacedinclassesaccordingtotheiracademicability,nottheirage…

3.Whymyfather/motherismyhero…Interesting,2sides(pro&against),sufficientinformationUnusual,enoughinformation,fresh,narrow&broadenoughInteresting,narrow,easyresearch,sufficientdetailsTrytodotheexercisesinP3Trytonarrowdownthescopeandmakethemspecifictopicsonwhichyoucanwriteapaper.1.Generaltopic:20thCenturyAmericanNovelistsRestricted:Morerestricted:Topicchosen:2.Generaltopic:TheLostGenerationWritersRestricted:Morerestricted:Topicchosen:HemingwayandHisWorksHemingwayandHisShortStoriesOldPeopleinHemingway’sShortStoriesF.ScottFitzgerald’sNovelsFitzgeraldandHisTheGreatGatsbyGatsby'sDeathandtheDisillusionmentoftheAmericanDreamCriteriaforyourfinaltopic1.meaningfulandserious2.withintherangeofyourabilities3.sufficientmaterialsareavailable4.canbetreatedobjectively5.nottootopicalOnefinalsuggestion:donotbetooeagertosettleonanysingletopicimmediately.You’dbetterhave2-3possibilitiesinmind.CriteriaforyourT.S1.Itisacompletesentence.2.Itcontainsbothatopicandacontrollingidea.3.Itisneithertoogeneralnortoospecific.4.ObjectiveExerciseP4-5ConclusionThepositionofatopicsentencemayvaryaccordingtotheorganizationalstructureused.Forbeginners,thereare3basicpositionstoplacetheT.S.1.beginningofaparagraph2.attheend3.inthemiddleIfthereisnoT.Sattheendofaparagraph,thereshouldbeaconcludingsentencethere,iteitherrestatesthecontrollingideaordrawsaninference（conclusion）.Aparagraphisnotcompleteifitisnotproperlyended.Whatisagoodparagraph?UnitycoherenceTransitionLengthUnityUnityistheessentialqualityofagoodparagraph.Awell-writtenparagraphhasonlyonepointtomake,andeverysentenceintheparagraphdevelopsthatsingleidea.Awell-writtenparagraphdoesnotincludeunnecessarydetails,nordoesitturnoffinunexpecteddirectionsExamples---Sample1

Sample2Exercises---P11CoherenceThereisnogapsorconfusingleapsbetweenideas.Sentencesshouldbearrangedinaclear,logicalorderandthetransitionsshouldbesmoothandnatural.4methodstoachievecoherence:

RepetitionofkeywordsandphrasesTransitionalSignalsPronounsRepetitionofsentencepatternsTolinkideastogether:Second,next,third,besides,finally,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,andToindicatetime:after,later,first,next,then,afterward,fromthenon,meanwhile,while,until

Togiveexamples:suchas,forexample,forinstance,toillustrateToshowsimilarity:likewise,also,inthesameway,similarly,too,inthesamemannerToshowcontrast:but,although,however,incontrast,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,whereas,whileyetToshowcausation:because,as,since,dueto,for,forthisreason,nowthat,owingtoToshowconsequence:Therefore,asaresult,consequently,thus,accordinglyToemphasizeorrestate:aboveall,afterall,infact,asamatteroffact,particularly,thatistosay,namely,inotherwords,especially,indeed,asamatteroffactToconcludeapoint:Tosumup,tosummarize,toconclude,inaword,inconclusion,inbrief,inshort,insummaryReviewtheUnitT.SSupportingSentencesConcludingSentences3mainpartsRepetitionofkeywordsandphrasesTransitionalSignalsPronounsRepetitionofsentencepatterns4basicwayscoherenceKeysP10Task3.1)Apersoncanlookforajobinseveralways.2)Penguinsresemblehumanbeingsinmanyrespects.3)One'spersonalityplaysanimportantroleinforeignlanguagelearning.4)Livingintheplacewherethewheatherisal