常見寫作錯(cuò)誤分析(new)

不一致（Disagreements）所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致，時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等。Sample1:Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo).Sample2:Adrivershouldneverraceyourmotorwithoutawarm-up.Adrivershouldneverracehismotorwithoutawarm-up.Sample3:Whenoneissick,youdon’twantcompany.Whenyouaresick,youdon’twantcompany.Whenoneissick,onedoesn’twantcompany.Sample4:Iwasextremelysorryyouareinjured.Iamextremelysorryyouareinjured.修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位(MisplacedModifiers)Misplacedanddanglingmodifiersarephrasesthatarenotlocatedproperlyinrelationtothewordstheymodify.Misplacedmodifiersleadtoillogicalsentencesthataredifficulttofollow.Modifiersareassociatedwiththeclosestwordtheycouldpossiblybelongto.Whenamodifierslipsoutofplace,therearisesconfusion.英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同，同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化．對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國(guó)學(xué)生往往沒有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解．Sample5：Thegirlwhohadtoldhimabouttheconcert.Thegirlwhohadtoldhimabouttheconcertwasgone.★修改原則：改正從屬連詞引起的破句時(shí)，可以把該從句附屬于其前或其后某個(gè)子句上。也可以去掉破句中的連詞。懸垂修飾語(yǔ)（DanglingModifiers）所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清．了解垂懸修飾語(yǔ)（danglingmodifier）的特點(diǎn)：修飾語(yǔ)在句中找不到邏輯上被修飾的對(duì)象。分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)和介詞短語(yǔ)做修飾語(yǔ)修飾句子時(shí)，易發(fā)生垂懸修飾現(xiàn)象。Danglingmodifiersareverbalphrasesorshortenedclauses,oftenatthebeginningofasentence,thateitherhavenothingtomodifyorthatmodifythewrongelementintheclausestowhichtheyareattracted.Theyarelikelytocreateillogicalmeanings.Sample13:Allbeingwell,theprojectwillbefinishedinfewmonths.Goodluckgiven,Iwillearnmoremoneythanallofyou.Marycomingback,theydiscussedittogether.Sample14:Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.Sample15:Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.Sample16：Watchingtheparade,mywalletwasstolen.Whilewatchingtheparade,Ihadmywalletstolen.WhileIwaswatchingtheparade,mywalletwasstolen.★修改原則A.明確動(dòng)作的實(shí)施者，使懸垂成份所修飾的對(duì)象成為主句主語(yǔ)。、B.將懸垂修飾語(yǔ)擴(kuò)展成從句。五．詞性誤用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用；形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等.Sample17:Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.Sample18:Honestissoimportantforeveryone.Honestyissoimportantforeveryone.Sample19:Weallknowthatfailisthemotherofsucceed.Weallknowthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.Sample20:Makeourcitiesgreenerisimportant.Planttreesandflowersisthebestmeasuretoobtainthegoal.Makingourcitiesgreenerisimportant.Plantingtreesandflowersisthebestmeasuretoobtainthegoal.Sample21:Peoplecanthroughtheinternettogetinformation.Peoplecangetinformationthroughinternet.六．指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。Sample22:Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.Sample23:Leaveoutthewordinthatsentencebecauseitistoodifficult.Leaveoutthewordbecausewithitthesentencewouldbetoodifficult.Sample24:Shetoldmysisterthatherideawaspracticable.Shetoldmysisterthatmysister’s/herownideawaspracticable.七．不間斷句子(Run-onSentences)串句是不用連詞和標(biāo)點(diǎn)而把兩個(gè)(或以上)獨(dú)立的句子串在一起的錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)。有些串句是不用任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)間隔兩個(gè)甚至更多的句子；有些串句是在該用句號(hào)時(shí)濫用逗號(hào)，忽略了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中的逗號(hào)本身沒有連接句子的功能這一原則。Arun-onsentenceisasentenceinwhichtwoormoreindependentclausesareincorrectlyjoinedbyacommawithoutacoordinatingconjunctionorsentenceconnector.修改原則把原句分成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子Sample25:Ritadecidedtostopsmokingshedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.Ritadecidedtostopsmoking.Shedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.Theexamwaspostponedtheclasswascanceledaswell.Theexamwaspostponed.Theclasswascanceledaswell.B.用并列連詞連接兩個(gè)句子。Ritadecidedtostopsmoking,forshedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.Theexamwaspostponed,andtheclasswascanceledaswell.C.用分號(hào)連接兩個(gè)句子。Ritadecidedtostopsmoking;shedidn’twanttodieoflungcancer.Theexamwaspostponed;theclasswascanceledaswell.八．措詞毛病(TroublesinDiction)Diction是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題Sample26:Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.Sample27:Hefinallyresolvedtheproblem.Hefinallysolvedtheproblem.九．累贅(Redundancy)言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。寫句子沒有一個(gè)多余的詞；寫段落沒有一個(gè)無(wú)必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組；能用詞組的不用從句或句子。Sample28:Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.Inspiteofhislaziness,Ilikehim.十．FaultyParallelism(錯(cuò)誤的平行結(jié)構(gòu))兩個(gè)(或以上)意思并列的成份(包括單詞、詞組、從句和句子)在寫作時(shí)要用同等的語(yǔ)法形式表達(dá)，否則就破壞了其平行結(jié)構(gòu)。Faultyparallelismdistractsthereaderanddisturbstheflowofthewriting.Whentwoelementsofasentencearesimilarinmeaning,youshouldexpresstheminparallelform.Inotherwords,alllinkedwordsshouldmatchinform.Byusingparallelstructure,webothclarifythemeaningofourwriting,andaddpleasingsymmetrytoit.Parallelstructurejoinsandemphasizesequallyimportantideas.★修改原則使句子中意思并列的成份在結(jié)構(gòu)上并行的關(guān)鍵是用同等的語(yǔ)法