英語學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作第六講

1WritingEnglishResearchPaperByLiLei(6)2Chapter6:DiscussionSection

(論文的討論部分)Probablythemostdifficultpartofapaperisthediscussionsection.Webringeverythingtogetherinthispartbydiscussingthesignificanceofourfindingsanditsrelationshiptopreviousresearchintheareaandalsothehypotheseswesetoutwith.3IntroductionoftheDiscussion(簡介)Agooddealofthediscussionwouldbeexplanationofthefindingsandthefactorsthatmay/maynothaveaffectedourresults.Dependingonthenumberoffactorsorvariablesintheresearch,wemayalsohavesomesub-sectionstodealwith.Thefollowingisanexampleofasub-sectioninthediscussionsection.4Example1

Therearesignificantdifferences,indicatedby**,inEnglishandChinesetextsinrelationtoanumberoffeatures.ThemainreasonforthedifferencesrelatetothenumberofclausesinthenineEnglishtexts,arangeof32to75,ascomparedtotheninetranslationsinChinese,arangeof45to79.TheaverageclausenumberinChineseis60.88pertext,inEnglishitis47.33.Thecrucial(決定性)questionis“whathappenstotheEnglishClausewhenitistranslatedintoChinese?”AgeneralansweristhatinmanycasestheEnglish5Example1Clauseisrendered(重新措辭)intomorethanoneclauseinChinese,eachwithitsownTheme.Letusseehowthisisdoneinafewexamplesfromthetwodatasets.AllThemesareunderlined.Thenumbersprecedingeachexamplecorrespondtothenumberoftext(givenfirst)andthenumberofclauseTheme(givennext)iftheEnglishclauseisrenderedintomorethanoneclauseinChinese,thisisshownbythethirdnumber.6Intheaboveexample,theauthorsstartwithastatementabout“significantdifferences”betweenthetwotextsandgiveanexplanation“mainreason”forthefindings.Moredetailisprovidedinsubsequencesaboutthenumberofclauses.Lateronanimportantquestionisaskedandanswered.Theauthorssupporttheirconclusionbyprovidingsomeexamplesandfinallydescribe/explaintheformatandthenumberingsystem(標(biāo)記系統(tǒng))ofthegiveninstances.

Analysisexample17Analysisexample1Inexample2,anexplanationisgivenfirstandinExample3,itisclaimedthattheresults“support”and“confirm(證實)”apointof“view”andsome“observations”byothers.Example2:Anexplanationfortheabundanceofphrasesrecalledbythesubjectsmaybelanguageprocessing…Example3:Thefindingssupportanidiomatic(慣用)viewoflanguageandconfirmtheobservationsofmanylinguisticthatdelexicalchunk(非語言組塊)isaprominent(重要)featureinmodernlanguageuse.8Describing,elaborating(闡述),comparing,constructing,explaining,etc,aresomelanguagefunctionsusedintheDiscussionsection.Thissectionmayalsocontainexamplesusedinprevioussectionsorrefertonewsourcestoconfirm/supportthefindingsofthenewpaper.Thisisshowninthefollowingexamples.

Thecontentofdiscussionsection

(討論部分的內(nèi)容)9Example4-54:Asfordelexicalchunkssuchas“makelove”and“makeadifference”,whichhavemeaningwhicharedifferentfromthewordscombined,itisobviousthattheyshouldbestbelearnedaswhole.5:Thisistruenotonlysecondaryschoolstudentsbutalsoofstudentswhopursuetheiracademicstudyinthetertiary(第三)sector.10Analysisexample4-5InExample4,itissuggestedthatcertainlanguagechunks(語言組塊)shouldbelearnedaswholesandinExample5,theauthorprovidessupportforherviewpointbygivinganotherreferenceinthediscussionsection.11Thelanguageofdiscussionsection

(討論部分的語言)Becauseofthemultifunctionalnatureofthediscussionsection,youngresearchersfinditadifficulttocompletethissection.Likeintheothersection,theuseofanappropriateverbisprobablyamaincauseofconcern.Thefollowingisalistofsomeveryfrequentverbs(contentwordsonly)thatresearchersuse.Theyallcomefromthefirstparagraphofadiscussionsectionofapublishedpaper.12Example6alistReported,show,characterized,suggests,used,intended,contradict(反駁),suggest,prevail(說服),focused,enables,speculate(推斷),maintain,compared,claimed,shows,tend,represent13SummaryWritingthediscussionsectionofaresearchpaperisacomplextaskforbothyoungresearchersandotherswithsomeexperienceinthefield.Thewritershavetodiscussthesignificanceoftheirfindingsandrelateittootherpointsofview,theories,orpreviousresearchinthefield.Rhetoricalfunctions(修辭手段)suchasdescribing,analyzing,explaining,comparing,contrasting,supporting,claiming,etc,arefrequentlyusedinthissection.Agooddiscussionsectioncollates(綜合對照)thenecessaryinformationgivenintheothersectionsofthepaperin