第七講英語漢語對比-形合意合

第七講英語漢語對比--形合意合AContrastiveStudybetweenChineseandEnglishHypotaxisvs.parataxis[page31]

Themostimportantdifferencebetweenthetwolanguagesliesinparataxisandhypotaxis．MostlinguistsagreeChinesetendstobeaparatacticlanguage,thatis,connectivesbetweendifferentpartsofthesentenceorbetweenclausesarenotcompulsory.ChinesehasnorelativewordsandusesfewerconjunctionsthanEnglish.Englishtendstobeahypotacticlanguage,whichusesalotofcomplexsentencestructuresandrelationsbetweenclausesmustbeexpressedbyconjunctionsorotherrelativewords．Warm-up1.Welaughedaswesangandwedanced.2.Beforethemlaymilesandmilesofbeautifulplainwithlotsofwildanimalsamongthegrass.3.Chillygustsofwindwithatasteofraininthemhadwellnighdispeopledthestreet.4.想要什么吃的，什么玩的，只管告訴我；丫頭老婆們不好了，也只管告訴我。Reference1.我們又唱又跳又笑。2.他們眼前是一片綿延數(shù)英里的美麗草原，綠草茵茵，野生動物出沒其間。3.陣陣寒風(fēng)帶著雨意颼颼襲來，街上冷冷清清，幾乎沒有了行人。（蕭安溥，李郊《英漢翻譯教程》P78-79）4.Justtellme

if

youhaveafancyforanythingspecialtoeatorpassthetimewith.Whenahousemaidoranoldnursebecomesnasty,alsoletmeknow.(蔣堅(jiān)松《英漢對比與漢譯英研究》)TheEnglishareproudoftheprecisenessoftheirlanguage,whileweChineseareproudoftheconcisenessofourmothertongue.

——

著名學(xué)者、翻譯家辜鴻銘

蕭安溥，李郊《英漢翻譯教程》P77就句子結(jié)構(gòu)而論，西洋語言是法治的，中國語言是人治的。法治的不管用得著用不著，總要呆板地求句子形式的一律；人治的用得著就用，用不著的就不用，只要能使對話人聽懂說話人的意思就算了。

——

著名語言學(xué)家王力

天凈沙

·

秋思馬致遠(yuǎn)枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家。古道西風(fēng)瘦馬，夕陽西下，斷腸人在天涯。

page196Hypotaxisvs.parataxisThemanycolorsofarainbowrangefromredontheoutsidetovioletontheinside.彩虹有多種顏色，外圈紅，內(nèi)圈紫。Thepresentonslaughtofvehiclesposesaseriousthreattourbanlifeandpedestrianpeaceofmind.車輛橫沖直撞，嚴(yán)重地威脅著城市生活，路上行人無不提心吊膽。

（許建平《英漢互譯實(shí)踐與技巧》）Hypotaxisvs.parataxis—exlesPracticeThesagaoftheWhiteStarlinerTitanic,whichstruckanicebergandsankonitsmaidenvoyagein1912,carryingmorethan1500passengerstotheirdeaths,hasbeencelebratedinprintandonfilm,inpoetryandsong.白星公司班輪“泰坦尼克”號在1912年的處女航中因撞上冰山而沉沒，致使船上1500多名乘客全部落難。此后關(guān)于它的種種傳說就一直成為各種刊物、電影以及詩歌、歌曲的內(nèi)容而廣為流傳。

PracticeItwouldhavebeendifficulttofindahappierchildthanIwasasIlayinmycribatthecloseofthateventfuldayandIlivedoverthejoysithadbroughtme,andforthefirsttimelongedforanewdaytocome.當(dāng)那感慨萬千的一天就要結(jié)束時(shí)，我躺在自己的小床里，感受這一天帶給我的那些快樂，我覺得沒有人比我更幸福了。一生中第一次，我期盼著新一天的來臨。在這個(gè)意義重大的日子即將結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我躺在小床上回顧一天的歡樂，這時(shí)恐怕再也找不到比我更幸福的孩子了。我生平第一次盼望著新的一天快快到來。這種人老是擺(被)動，在緊要關(guān)頭老是止步不前，老是需要?jiǎng)e人在他的背上擊一猛掌，才肯向前跨進(jìn)一步。Suchpeoplearealwayspassive:Theyoftenstandstillatthecriticalmoment,andalwaysneedsomeonetoshovethemhardonthebacktomakethemmoveastepforward.Suchpeoplearealwayspassiveinthatatthecriticalmomenttheystandstillandhavetobegivenahardshoveinthebackbefore

theytakeastepforward．

page191

Hypotaxisvs.parataxis—exlesHypotaxisvs.parataxis—exles

學(xué)院請來一位洋教授，長得挺怪，紅臉，金發(fā)，連鬢大胡須，有幾根胡子一直逾過面頰，挨近鼻子；……

馮驥才：《西式幽默》OurinstituteemployedanEnglishteacher.Helookedverystrange—redfaced,golden-haired,withathickgrowthofwhiskersthatreachedallthewaytothenose.

劉先農(nóng)譯燕子去了，有再來的時(shí)候；楊柳枯了，有再青的時(shí)候；桃花謝了，有再開的時(shí)候。但是，聰明的你，告訴我，我們的日子為什么一去不復(fù)返呢？

朱自清《匆匆》Swallowsmayhavegone,butthere’satimeofreturn;willowtreesmayhavediedback,butthere’satimeofregreening;peachblossomsmayhavefallen,buttheywillbloomagain.Now,youthewise,tellme,whyshouldourdaysleaveus,nevertoreturn?

朱純深譯盛夏炎日，一走進(jìn)浙江莫干山的林間小道就汗止心涼，加上輕風(fēng)拂煦，渾身有說不出的舒坦，忍不住要贊嘆一聲：莫干山，好一個(gè)清涼世界。

Nomatterhowhotitis“outside”,onceyoustepontothetrailthroughtheforestonMoganMountaininZhejiangProvince,thesweatwithdrawsfromyourbody.Inaddition,thebreezerefreshesyouwithagentlecaress.Howcoolitis!

陳宏薇《漢英翻譯基礎(chǔ)》

Practice播種時(shí)，必須注意把種子均勻散開，這樣種子在生長時(shí)就不過分擁擠，每粒種子就可以得到充足的陽光、空氣、水分和養(yǎng)料。

Whenseedsareplanted,careistakenthattheyarewellspreadout,sothattheplantsarenotcrowdedwhentheygrow.Thisensuresthateachseedobtainssufficientlight,air,waterandfood.

災(zāi)難深重的中華民族，一百年來，其優(yōu)秀人物奮斗犧牲，前赴后繼，摸索救國救民的真理，是可歌可泣的。

Forahundredyears,thefinestsonsanddaughtersofthedisaster-riddenChinesenationfoughtandsacrificedtheirlives,onesteppingintothebreachasanotherfell,inquestofthetruththatwouldsavethecountryandthepeople.Thismovedustosongsandtears.HomeworkEx.I&II,200工作日，全家都忙著干活，爸爸準(zhǔn)備備課筆記，撰寫專著與論文；媽媽退休了，主要忙于家務(wù)，為全家準(zhǔn)備可口的飯菜，營造舒適的生活環(huán)境；我則積極準(zhǔn)備考博。一到周末，我們總喜歡坐汽車到附近鄉(xiāng)下去兜風(fēng)。(1)Onweekdays,ourwholefamilyisfullyengaged.Fathermakespreparationforhisclassesorwritingmonographsorresearchpapers;retired,motherismainlyengagedinhousework,preparingdeliciousfoodandmaintainingacomfortablelivingenvironmentforus.Iampreparingfortheph.Dentranceexamination.Assoonasweekendcomes,wewill,however,drivetothenearbycountryforanexcursion.(2)Weekdaysalwayswitnessourfamilyfullyengaged:Fatherisengagedinpreparinghisclassesorwritingmonographsorresearchpapers;Mother,retiredalready,ismainlyengaged