（北師大版）新高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義選擇性必修第三冊(cè)UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——會(huì)意1．marathonn．馬拉松賽跑2．a(chǎn)thleticsn．田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)3．innovatevi.&vt.革新，創(chuàng)新，改革4．vaccinen．疫苗5．resiliencen．恢復(fù)力，復(fù)原力，適應(yīng)力6．dopingn．使用違禁藥物(以提高體育比賽的成績(jī))7．clonevt.克隆，使無性繁殖n．克隆動(dòng)物或植物，無性繁殖的個(gè)體8．genen．基因9．a(chǎn)rtificiallyadv.人為地，虛假地10．identicaladj.完全相同的，非常相似的11．mammaln．哺乳動(dòng)物12．cameln．駱駝13．cattlen．牛14．goatn．山羊15．primaten．靈長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物16．a(chǎn)pen．猿17．reproductiveadj.繁殖的，生殖的18．cluen．線索，提示19．provokevt.激起，引起20．ethicaladj.關(guān)于倫理的；合乎道德的21．inferioradj.低級(jí)別的，下級(jí)的；差的，次的22．cursen．禍因，禍根；詛咒，咒語23．a(chǎn)tomn．原子24．organn．器官25．impulsen．(神經(jīng))沖動(dòng)，(電)脈沖26．crosswordn．縱橫字謎，縱橫填字游戲27．intaken．?dāng)z入量，攝取量28．omegan．歐米伽(希臘字母表的最后一個(gè)字母，即Ω，ω)29．epidemicn．傳染病，流行病30．virusn．病毒31．variationn．變化物，變體；差異，變動(dòng)32．bacterian．細(xì)菌33．baselinen．(醫(yī)學(xué)或科學(xué)中的)基線，準(zhǔn)線34．paralleln．(不同地點(diǎn)或不同時(shí)間的兩事物之間的)聯(lián)系，相似adj.平行的35．samplen．樣本，樣品vt.品嘗，嘗試；對(duì)……做抽樣調(diào)查36．CE公元(用于日期后)37．lungn．肺38．trialn．試驗(yàn)；審判，審理39．underlinevt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，使突出；在……之下畫線40．symbolicallyadv.象征地，象征性地41．mineraln．礦物質(zhì)；礦產(chǎn)42．databasen．?dāng)?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，資料庫(kù)43．a(chǎn)stronomern．天文學(xué)家Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——記形1．justifyvt.證明……有道理，為……辯護(hù)2．participantn．參加者，參與者3．barriern．障礙，壁壘4．twinn．雙胞胎中的一個(gè)5．foreveradv.永遠(yuǎn)；長(zhǎng)久地6．emotionn．強(qiáng)烈的情感，激情7．crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的8．boundadj.很有可能，肯定會(huì)9．mereadj.僅僅，只不過；極小的，極不重要的10．a(chǎn)busevt.濫用，妄用；虐待n.濫用；虐待11．containvt.包含，容納，裝盛12．locatevi.&vt.找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置13.zonen．地區(qū)，地帶14．factorn．因素，要素15．officiallyadv.官方地，正式地16．rareadj.稀有的，罕見的，不常發(fā)生的17．widespreadadj.分布廣的，廣泛流傳的18．estimatevt.估計(jì)，估算19．visibleadj.看得見的20．symptomn．癥狀；征兆，癥候21．buryvt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏22．posevt.造成，引起，產(chǎn)生(問題、危險(xiǎn)、困難等)n．(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢(shì)，姿態(tài)23．outbreakn．(戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)或疾病)爆發(fā)，突然發(fā)生24．a(chǎn)ctualadj.實(shí)際的，真實(shí)的25．thoroughadj.徹底的，全面的，詳盡的26．paragraphn．(文章的)段，段落27．phenomenonn．現(xiàn)象28．needlen．針29．suspectn．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子30．victimn．(襲擊事件、搶劫事件或兇殺案的)受害者Ⅲ.拓展單詞——悉變1．biologyn．生物學(xué)→biologicaladj.生物的；生物學(xué)的→biologistn．生物學(xué)家2．capabilityn．(完成困難事情的)能力，才能→capableadj.有能力的3．infervt.推斷，推定→inferencen．推斷，推定4．calculatevt.計(jì)算，核算→calculationn．計(jì)算，核算→calculatorn．計(jì)算器5．physicistn．物理學(xué)家→physicsn．物理學(xué)→physicaladj.物理學(xué)的；身體的；物質(zhì)的6．bettermentn．(個(gè)人社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的)改良，改善，提高→bettervt.改善，提高；超過；勝過7．editvi.&vt.編輯，編校；剪輯，剪接→editionn．版本，版次→editorn．編輯，主編8．comparisonn．比較→comparev．比較9．whollyadv.完全地→wholeadj.完全的10．a(chǎn)ccurateadj.準(zhǔn)確的，正確的→accuratelyadv.準(zhǔn)確地→accuracyn．準(zhǔn)確性，準(zhǔn)確度11．treatmentn．診療，治療，療法；對(duì)待方式→treatn．樂事；款待vt.治療；對(duì)待12．blessingn．福氣，幸運(yùn)→blessvt.祝福13．nerven．神經(jīng)；焦慮，恐懼，緊張→nervousadj.緊張的14．classifyvt.將……分類；把……歸入一類→classifiedadj.分類的；機(jī)密的→classificationn．歸類，分類，分級(jí)15．opposedadj.與某事物相反；反對(duì)某事物→opposevt.反對(duì)→oppositeadj.對(duì)面的；相反的→oppositionn．反對(duì)，反抗16．depressingadj.令人沮喪的，讓人憂愁的→depressedadj.沮喪的，憂愁的→depressvt.令人沮喪；使蕭條→depressionn．沮喪；(經(jīng)濟(jì))蕭條17．steadilyadv.穩(wěn)定地→steadyadj.穩(wěn)定的；穩(wěn)固的→unsteadyadj.不穩(wěn)定的18．systematicadj.系統(tǒng)化的，有條理的→systemn．系統(tǒng)，體系，制度19．globen．地球，世界；地球儀→globaladj.全球的20．correspondingadj.相應(yīng)的；對(duì)應(yīng)的→correspondvi.相一致；符合；類似于→correspondencen．一致；相似；相關(guān)；通信；信件21．identifyvt.確定，發(fā)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)出，識(shí)別→identificationn．確定，發(fā)現(xiàn)；鑒定；辨認(rèn)1．interpretation/In?t??prI'teI??n/n.表演，演繹；解釋2．moody/'mu?di/adj.喜怒無常的，情緒多變的3．egotistical/?i?ɡ?'tIstIk?l/adj.自大的；自負(fù)的4．chore/t???/n.家庭雜務(wù)；日?，嵤?．drone/dr??n/n.無人遙控飛機(jī)6．collision/k?'lI??n/n.碰撞事故；沖突，抵觸7．outweigh/a?t'weI/vt.比……更重要；比……更有價(jià)值8．terrorist/'ter?rIst/n.恐怖分子9．envision/In'vI??n/vt.想象；展望10．lightweight/'laIt-weIt/adj.比通常重量輕的11．inhabitant/In'h?bIt?nt/n.居民12．technician/tek'nI??n/n.技師，技術(shù)人員Ⅳ.背核心短語1．junkfood不利健康的食品，垃圾食品2．leadto導(dǎo)致3．incomparisonwith與……比較起來4．a(chǎn)greatdealof大量5．beboundto一定；勢(shì)必會(huì)6．beviewedas被看作是7．comeintocontactwith接觸到，和……接觸8．beclassifiedas被歸類為9．onrecord有記載的，記錄在案的10．upto多達(dá)；直到11．getthrough度過，熬過；設(shè)法處理，完成12．inthecourseof在……期間，在……過程中13．resultin導(dǎo)致14．comeupwith想出，想到Ⅴ.悟經(jīng)典句式1．Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes，monkeys，andhumans)tohavebeencloned！(the＋序數(shù)詞＋n.＋todo...)它們是有史以來首次被克隆的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物(哺乳動(dòng)物的一個(gè)類別，包括猿、猴子和人類)!2．Whilesomepeoplebelieveitiscrucialforscientificadvancement，othersraisemoralconcerns.(while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句)盡管有些人認(rèn)為這對(duì)于科學(xué)的進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要，但也有人提出了道德方面的擔(dān)憂。3．Researchersinsistthatthescienceofcloningshouldbefurtherexploredandadvanced.(insist后接that賓語從句用虛擬語氣)研究人員堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，克隆科學(xué)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步得到探索與發(fā)展。4．Withrecentpressreportsdrawingparallelsbetweenbirdfluandkillerepidemicsofthepast，JimSmithlooksatthesometimesdepressinghistoryofepidemicsforcluesabouthowwecancreateamorepositivefuturewithoutepidemics.(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))隨著最近的媒體報(bào)道將禽流感和過去的致命流行病相類比，吉姆·史密斯審視了有時(shí)令人沮喪的流行病歷史，尋找關(guān)于我們?nèi)绾蝿?chuàng)造一個(gè)更美好的沒有流行病的未來的線索。5．Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea’spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic，makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語)科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在估計(jì)，該地區(qū)多達(dá)50%的人口死于這種流行病，使其成為羅馬帝國(guó)衰落的主要原因之一。6．Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months，theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostsevereepidemicinhistory.(sb/sthbebelievedtobe/havebeen...某人/某物被認(rèn)為是……)在18個(gè)月內(nèi)造成5000萬人死亡之后，西班牙流感被認(rèn)為是歷史上最嚴(yán)重的流行病。默寫練習(xí)(一)Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共11分)1．marathonn．馬拉松賽跑2．genen．基因3．a(chǎn)rtificiallyadv.人為地，虛假地4．identicaladj.完全相同的，非常相似的5．mammaln．哺乳動(dòng)物6．cameln．駱駝7．reproductiveadj.繁殖的，生殖的8．cluen．線索，提示9．provokevt.激起，引起10．ethicaladj.關(guān)于倫理的；合乎道德的11．inferioradj.低級(jí)別的，下級(jí)的；差的，次的Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(每小題2分，共20分)1．justifyvt.證明……有道理，為……辯護(hù)2．participantn．參加者，參與者3．barriern．障礙，壁壘4．twinn．雙胞胎中的一個(gè)5．foreveradv.永遠(yuǎn)；長(zhǎng)久地6．emotionn．強(qiáng)烈的情感，激情7．crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的，關(guān)鍵性的8．boundadj.很有可能，肯定會(huì)9．mereadj.僅僅，只不過；極小的，極不重要的10．a(chǎn)busevt.濫用，妄用；虐待n.濫用；虐待Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題2分，共10分)1．biologyn．生物學(xué)→biologicaladj.生物的；生物學(xué)的→biologistn．生物學(xué)家2．bettermentn．(個(gè)人社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)地位的)改良，改善，提高→bettervt.改善，提高；超過；勝過3．editvi.&vt.編輯，編校；剪輯，剪接→editionn．版本，版次→editorn．編輯，主編4．whollyadv.完全地→wholeadj.完全的5．blessingn．福氣，幸運(yùn)→blessvt.祝福Ⅳ.拔高詞匯(每小題1分，共5分)1．egotisticaladj.自大的；自負(fù)的2．dronen．無人遙控飛機(jī)3．collisionn．碰撞事故；沖突，抵觸4．lightweightadj.比通常重量輕的5．techniciann．技師，技術(shù)人員Ⅴ.核心短語(每小題2分，共10分)1．junkfood不利健康的食品，垃圾食品2．leadto導(dǎo)致3．incomparisonwith與……比較起來4．a(chǎn)greatdealof大量5．beboundto一定；勢(shì)必會(huì)Ⅰ.詞形變化填空(每小題2分，共14分)1．WhatimpressesusisMrWang’songoingcapabilitytochasehisdreams.Heisalwayscapableofachievinghisgoals.(capable)2．Whenyouareaskedtoinfersomethingfromthetext，youmustmakeinferencesaccordingtothepassageyoureadinsteadofyourimagination！(infer)3．Youwillneedtocalculatehowmuchtimetheassignmentwilltakeandmakearoughcalculation.(calculate)4．Don’tcompareeverythingyouhavewithothers，foryouwillfeelyourlifelesssatisfactorybycomparison.(compare)5．Theinjuredmanisbeingtreatednowbythemostskilfuldoctors，soheislikelytocometolifesoonafterthetreatment.(treat)6．Basedonaccuratedata，Icanaccuratelydescribetheprojectandinotherwords，myaccuracyreliesonrelevantdata.(accurate)7．Thephysicistwasinterestedinthesubject—physicsandvariousphysicalphenomenaattractedhisattention.(physical)Ⅱ.選詞填空(每小題3分，共15分)eq\x(junkfood，leadto，beboundto，beviewedas，comeintocontactwith)1．Inthepast，hisbadlearninghabitledtohispooracademicperformance.2．Heisviewedasaresponsible，kind-heartedandhard-workingdoctor.3．ThefirsttimeIcameintocontactwithhim，Iconsideredhimtobecompetentanddiligent.4．Consumingtoomuchjunkfoodisharmfultoourphysicalhealth，andweshouldkeepabalanceddiet.5．Youhavedonesomuchworkinadvancethatyouareboundtopasstheend-of-termexamination.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題5分，共15分)1．懷特先生總是第一個(gè)來公司的人。(the＋序數(shù)詞＋n.＋todo...)MrWhiteisalwaysthefirstpersontocometothecompany.2．雖然他的妻子經(jīng)常告訴他，他不必這么早去那里，但他就是不聽她的話。(while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句)Whilehiswifeoftentellshimheneedn’tgotheresoearly，hejustwon’tlistentoher.3．他堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該努力工作爭(zhēng)取晉升。(insist后接that賓語從句用虛擬語氣)Heinsistedthathe(should)workhardtogetpromoted.默寫練習(xí)(二)Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(每小題1分，共11分)1．organn．器官2．intaken．?dāng)z入量，攝取量3．epidemicn．傳染病，流行病4．virusn．病毒5．variationn．變化物，變體；差異，變動(dòng)6．bacterian．細(xì)菌7．samplen．樣本，樣品vt.品嘗，嘗試；對(duì)……做抽樣調(diào)查8．lungn．肺9．trialn．試驗(yàn)；審判，審理10．underlinevt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，使突出；在……之下畫線11．mineraln．礦物質(zhì)；礦產(chǎn)Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞(每小題1分，共14分)1．containvt.包含，容納，裝盛2．factorn．因素，要素3．rareadj.稀有的，罕見的，不常發(fā)生的4．widespreadadj.分布廣的，廣泛流傳的5．estimatevt.估計(jì)，估算6．visibleadj.看得見的7．symptomn．癥狀；征兆，癥候8．buryvt.埋葬，安葬；埋藏9．posevt.造成，引起，產(chǎn)生(問題、危險(xiǎn)、困難等)n．(為畫像、拍照等而擺的)姿勢(shì)，姿態(tài)10．a(chǎn)ctualadj.實(shí)際的，真實(shí)的11．thoroughadj.徹底的，全面的，詳盡的12．paragraphn．(文章的)段，段落13．needlen．針14．victimn．(襲擊事件、搶劫事件或兇殺案的)受害者Ⅲ.拓展單詞(每小題3分，共15分)1．classifyvt.將……分類；把……歸入一類→classifiedadj.分類的；機(jī)密的→classificationn．歸類，分類，分級(jí)2．steadilyadv.穩(wěn)定地→steadyadj.穩(wěn)定的；穩(wěn)固的→unsteadyadj.不穩(wěn)定的3．systematicadj.系統(tǒng)化的，有條理的→systemn．系統(tǒng)，體系，制度4．correspondingadj.相應(yīng)的；對(duì)應(yīng)的→correspondvi.相一致；符合；類似于→correspondencen．一致；相似；相關(guān)；通信；信件5．identifyvt.確定，發(fā)現(xiàn)；認(rèn)出，識(shí)別→identificationn．確定，發(fā)現(xiàn)；鑒定；辨認(rèn)Ⅳ.拔高詞匯(每小題1分，共5分)1．moodyadj.喜怒無常的，情緒多變的2．choren．家庭雜務(wù)；日常瑣事3．outweighvt.比……更重要；比……更有價(jià)值4．envisionvt.想象；展望5．inhabitantn．居民Ⅴ.核心短語(每小題2分，共10分)1．beclassifiedas被歸類為2．onrecord有記載的，記錄在案的3．upto多達(dá)；直到4．inthecourseof在……期間，在……過程中5．resultin導(dǎo)致Ⅰ.詞形變化填空(每小題3分，共15分)1．Hopingtocalmournerves，wedecidedtospendtheafternoonatthelake.However，theideaoftakingthesameboatwiththebossmademenervous.(nerve)2．Ididn’texpecttoreceiveoppositionfrommywife，butthistimeshewasopposedtomyproposalsomehow.(oppose)3．Becauseoftheeconomicdepression，myfathergotmuchlesssalariesthanbefore，andwewerealldepressedatthedepressingnews.(depress)4．Globalwarminghascausedgreatconcernandweshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheglobe.(globe)5．Hemadesteadyprogressinhisstudyafterheworkeddayandnightsteadilyfornearlyafewmonths.(steady)Ⅱ.選詞填空(每小題3分，共15分)eq\x(beclassifiedas，upto，getthrough，resultin，comeupwith)1．GettingthroughthefirsttwochaptersiswhatIwilldotoday.2．Keepinmindthatwewillbedisqualifiedfromdrivingforuptothreeyears.3．Youcanrelyonhimtocomeupwithsomegoodsuggestionsonhowtosolveyourproblem.4．Asyouknow，EnglishasalanguagecanbeclassifiedasBritishorAmerican.5．Lastyearthebreakdownofhishealthresultedinhisabandoninghisplantotravelallovertheglobe.Ⅲ.經(jīng)典句型仿寫(每小題5分，共15分)1．自來水還流著，我父親就離開了家。(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))Withthetapwaterrunning，myfatherleftthehouse.2．我從五歲起就一直學(xué)習(xí)英語，這讓我很容易與英語母語者自由交流。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語)IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincefive，makingiteasyformetocommunicatewithnativeEnglishspeakersfreely.3．雜交水稻之父袁隆平被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。(sbbebelievedtobe...)YuanLongping，fatherofhybridrice，isbelievedtobeoneofthegreatestscientistsinChina.Inthecurrentera，whatpeopledohurtsnotonly1.themselves(they)butalsoanimals，suchassomecamels，cattle，apesandgoats.In2.comparison(compare)withwidespreadtraditionalofflinemedicalcare，remotemedicalcareismorecrucial,3.whichcanbreakthebarriersoftimeandspace，andprovidethebestdoctorsandtheaccuratetreatmentforpatients.Butsomeillegalorganizations,4.wholly(whole)ignoringtheethicalprinciples，areburiedineditingsomefalseadvertisementsartificiallyandabusingnetwork，providingsomefalsecluesforpatients.Itisbound5.tolead(lead)topermanenthurttopatients，whichwillprovokeangryemotionsandmust6.beforbidden(forbid)forever.Tomakematters7.worse(bad)，itisestimatedthatsomerareanimalsaredisappearing.Therearemanyfactorsfortheirdisappearance，andtheycanberoughlyclassifiedintotwocategories，partlybecausetheyhavenocapabilitytoadapttotheenvironment,8.andpartlybecauseofhumanactivities，whichposeathreattotheirhabitats.Itis9.depressing(depress)thatsomepeoplekillanimalsbecausetheyattributetheoutbreakofsomediseasestothevirusestheseanimalscarry.Fortunately，mostpeopleareopposed10.tothispracticeandcallforeffortstodevelopthoroughandsystematicmeasurestoprotectanimalsontheglobe.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯treatmentn．治療；處理；待遇(treatn．樂事；款待vt.對(duì)待；治療；請(qǐng)客)?undertreatment在治療中?treat...as...把……看作……；把……視為……treatsbtosth用某物招待某人，以某物款待某人treatsbwith...以……方式對(duì)待某人(1)BecauseIwasundertreatment(treat)，mymotherwasstronglyopposedtomyfathertreatingmetojunkfood.(2)通過社區(qū)服務(wù)，我完全意識(shí)到，我們不僅要以尊重的方式對(duì)待無家可歸的人，而且應(yīng)該把他們看作平等的人。(2022·浙江6月，讀后續(xù)寫)Throughthecommunityservice，Iwhollyrealizedthatnotonlyshouldwetreatthehomelesspeoplewithrespectbutwealsoshouldtreatthemasequalsouls.boundadj.肯定會(huì)，很有可能；受束縛的，受約束的；有義務(wù)的vi.跳躍，跳躍著前進(jìn)；形成界限beboundtodo...肯定會(huì)……；有責(zé)任或義務(wù)做……beboundfor...準(zhǔn)備前往……(1)(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)我相信，只有你全身心投入到比賽中，你才一定會(huì)成功。Iamconvincedthatonlyifyouaredevotedtothecompetitionareyouboundtosucceed.(2)在一個(gè)寒冷的日子里，告別了父母，我登上了一艘開往大西洋的巨輪。Onabittercoldday，aftersayinggoodbyetomyparents，Iwentaboardamassiveship(whichwas)boundforAtlanticOcean.classifyvt.分類，歸類(classifiedadj.分類的；機(jī)密的classificationn．分類，類別)o...把……分為……classifysb/sthassth把……劃分為/界定為……(1)Epidemicsfallintodifferentclassifications(classify)accordingtothewaytheyarespread.(2)(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)有人建議，當(dāng)我們背誦單詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該把它們分成不同的類別。例如，有些詞可以歸類為與體育有關(guān)的詞。Itissuggestedthatwords(should)beclassifiedintodifferentcategorieswhenwelearnthembyheart.Forinstance，somewordscanbeclassifiedassports-relatedwords.opposedadj.相反的；對(duì)立的(opposevt.反對(duì)；抵制；阻撓oppositeadj.對(duì)面的；相反的oppositionn．反對(duì))?beopposedto(doing)sth反對(duì)(做)某事?oppose(doing)sth反對(duì)(做)某事opposesb/sb’sdoingsth反對(duì)某人做某事(1)Igotaseatopposite(oppose)amiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyes，whokeptwatchingayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalittleboyonherlap.(2021·北京)(2)Tobehonest，moststudentsopposegrouping(group)studentsrandomlyfortheupcomingoralpracticesessions.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，應(yīng)用文寫作)→Tobehonest，moststudentsareopposedtogroupingstudentsrandomlyfortheupcomingoralpracticesessions.(3)我強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)大衛(wèi)放棄越野跑。他緊緊地閉上眼睛，思索著我的反對(duì)。(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)IstronglyopposedDavid/David’sgivingupthecross-countryrun.Heclosedhiseyestightly,ponderingonmyopposition.(4)(讀后續(xù)寫之悲傷心理描寫)Becauseallofmyfriendswereopposedtomyplan，Icouldn’tresistsobbing，hidingmyfaceinmyhands.→Withallofmyfriendsopposedtomyplan，Icouldn’tresistsobbing，hidingmyfaceinmyhands.(用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改寫)→Allofmyfriendsopposedtomyplan，Icouldn’tresistsobbing，hidingmyfaceinmyhands.(用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)改寫)buryvt.埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆蓋；掩藏bury...in...把……埋到……；使……沉浸于……buryoneselfin(doing)．..埋頭于/專心于……beburiedin專心于buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面(1)(讀后續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作鏈描寫)他一屁股坐地上，雙手掩面，開始傷心地哭起來。Hefloppeddownontheground，buriedhisfaceinhishandsandbegantoweepsadly.(2)我每天專心讀英文報(bào)Youth并獲得了豐富多彩的知識(shí)。(2021·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，應(yīng)用文寫作)①Iburymyselfin/amburiedinreadingtheEnglishnewspaperYoutheverydayandhavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.②Buryingmyselfin/BuriedinreadingtheEnglishnewspaperYoutheveryday，Ihavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.(用分詞短語作狀語改寫)suspectvt.懷疑n．(犯罪)嫌疑人，可疑分子(suspicionn．懷疑；疑心suspiciousadj.懷疑的；可疑的)?suspectsbof(doing)sth懷疑某人(做)某事suspectsbtobe/as...懷疑某人是……?besuspiciousof/about...對(duì)……懷疑(1)(讀后續(xù)寫之悲傷心理描寫)Hesuspectedmeofstealing(steal)theoldwoman’sgoldringandevenmybestfriendwassuspicious(suspect)aboutmypersonalqualities，soIburiedmyfaceinmyhands，sobbinguncontrollably.(2)那個(gè)陌生人被懷疑是間諜，正在接受警方的審問。Suspectedtobe/asaspy，thestrangerisbeingquestionedbythepolice.(3)我們認(rèn)為那個(gè)受傷的參賽者可能跑不完馬拉松，但實(shí)際上他憑著堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志成功了。Wesuspectedthattheinjuredparticipantmaynotfinishthemarathon，butactuallyhemadeitwithstrongwillpower.用法點(diǎn)撥與suspectsbofsth結(jié)構(gòu)相同的短語還有：informsbofsth通知某人某事；remindsbofsth提醒某人某事；robsbofsth搶劫某人某物；accusesbofsth控告某人某事；warnsbofsth警告某人某事。the＋序數(shù)詞＋n.＋todo...Theywerethefirst-everprimates(theorderofmammalswhichincludeapes，monkeys，andhumans)tohavebeencloned！它們是有史以來首次被克隆的靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物(哺乳動(dòng)物的一個(gè)類別，包括猿、猴子和人類)!?本句中不定式短語tohavebeencloned作后置定語，修飾thefirst-everprimates。當(dāng)中心詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，常用不定式(短語)作后置定語。?英語中常用不定式(短語)作后置定語的情況：①被修飾詞為序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)；②被修飾詞前有theonly，thevery，thenext等詞對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾時(shí)；③不定代詞something，nothing，little等后；④抽象名詞time，way，reason，chance，ability，courage，opportunity，wish等后。(1)ThoughDavidwasthelastparticipanttocross(cross)thefinishingline，hewonallofouradmirationandcheers.(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之主旨升華)事實(shí)上，我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪卸加兄档酶屑さ氖虑椋袝r(shí)我們只是沒有意識(shí)到。Asamatteroffact，weallhavesomethingtobegratefulforinourdailylife，butsometimeswejustdon’trealizeit.(3)約翰是第一個(gè)想到做爆米花幫助伯納德掙外快的人。他相信他有能力幫助伯納德走出困境。(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，讀后續(xù)寫)JohnwasthefirstpersontothinkofmakingpopcorntohelpBernardearnsomeextramoney.HewasconvincedthathehadtheabilitytohelpBernardoutofthedifficulty.(4)(應(yīng)用文寫作之申請(qǐng)信)我能說一口流利的英語，而且我是班上唯一出國(guó)深造的學(xué)生。毫無疑問我是負(fù)責(zé)這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。IcanspeakfluentEnglishandIamtheonlystudentinmyclasstogoabroadforfurtherstudy.ThereisnodoubtthatIamthebestpersontoberesponsibleforthejob.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語Scientistsnowestimatethatupto50%ofthearea’spopulationdiedfromtheepidemic，makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在估計(jì)，該地區(qū)多達(dá)50%的人口死于這種流行病，使其成為羅馬帝國(guó)衰落的主要原因之一。此句中的makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示意料、情理之中的結(jié)果；另外，動(dòng)詞不定式也可作結(jié)果狀語，一般放在句子后面，且常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，常與only，just等詞連用。(1)(應(yīng)用文寫作之自薦信)Firstofall，IspeakfluentEnglish.Itpermitsmetocommunicatewithvisitorswithoutdifficulty.→Firstofall，IspeakfluentEnglish，permittingmetocommunicatewithvisitorswithoutdifficulty.(用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語改寫)(2)(讀后續(xù)寫之片段描寫)簡(jiǎn)氣呼呼地走進(jìn)森林，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己認(rèn)不清方向。更糟糕的是，天突然下起了大雨，使她更難找到離開這片陌生森林的路。Janestampedherfeetintotheforestangrily，onlytofindthatshecouldn’tidentifydirection.Worsestill，itrainedheavilysuddenly，makingitmoredifficulttofindherwayoutoftheunfamiliarforest.sb/sthbe＋過去分詞＋todo...Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months，theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostsevereepidemicinhistory.在18個(gè)月內(nèi)造成5000萬人死亡之后，西班牙流感被認(rèn)為是歷史上最嚴(yán)重的流行病。句中的“sb/sthbe＋過去分詞＋todo...”可與“Itis＋過去分詞＋that...”這個(gè)句型相互轉(zhuǎn)換，根據(jù)具體情況，不定式可用一般式、進(jìn)行式或完成式。(1)ThomasEdisonwasconsideredtohaveinvented(invent)thebulb，whichbenefitspeoplegreatly.(2)Hisdaughterissaidtobestudying(study)lawatuniversityandwillgraduatein2025.→Itissaidthathisdaughterisstudyinglawatuniversityandwillgraduatein2025.(用it作形式主語改寫)(3)他被公認(rèn)為是世界上最偉大的物理學(xué)家之一。①Heisacknowledgedas/tobeoneoftheworld’sgreatestphysicists.②Itisacknowledgedthatheisoneoftheworld’sgreatestphysicists.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯Ⅰ.一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙1．nerveeq\x(A.n.神經(jīng)B.n.勇氣C.vt.鼓足勇氣)(1)Iwasgoingtohaveagoatparachutingbutlostmynerveatthelastminute.B(2)Withtheencouragementandcomfort，Ifinallynervedmyselftobravelyfacethebarrier.C(3)Once，whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(橫桿)，Ifellontothestones，damaginganerveinmyhand.(2021·全國(guó)甲)A2．poseeq\x(A.n.為畫像、拍照等擺的姿勢(shì)B.vi.擺好姿勢(shì)C.vt.造成威脅、問題等D.vt.提出；質(zhì)詢)(1)Adultsareportrayed(描繪)aloneinmanysettingsandposes.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ)A(2)Pollutionposesathreattotheexistenceofthisspecies.C(3)WhenIfinallyposedthequestion，“Why？”hemerelyshrugged.D(4)HowcouldIpossiblytakethetimetoposeforasculpturenow？(2020·天津)B3．快速閱讀下列句子并猜測(cè)句中加黑詞匯的意思(1)Learningthathewasappointedasheadoftheteam，hecouldn’tcontainhisexcitementanddancedintothehouse.克制，抑制(感情)(2)Wecannotcalculateonhishelpbecauseheisnotreliable.指望(3)Wesampledaselectionofdifferentbottledwaters.品嘗(4)IgotupearlytocatchthetrainthatwasboundforShanghai.開往(5)Asyouknow，IburymyselfinbooksattheschoolIamsofamiliarwith.埋頭于(6)Itisbecausemorelifeexperiencemayhelppeoplebetteridentifyprioritiesinlife.(2021·北京)找到Ⅱ.核心知識(shí)強(qiáng)化練——鞏固語言知識(shí)1．TheliteraryworkADreaminRedMansionscontains120chapters，including(include)40chapterswrittenbyGao’E.2．Thegovernmentadvocatesclassifyingrubbishintofourcategories:recyclablewaste，unrecyclablewaste，harmfulwasteandotherwaste.3．Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose：tocallattentiontoglobal(globe)waterissues.(2023·北京)4．Buried(bury)inwritingasciencefictionnovel，shedidn’trealizeitbegantorainoutside.5．ItstruckmethatIcouldtreatthegirltoanabsorbingdramainreturnforherhelp.6．Somestudentsdorealizetheyareblessedwiththeopportunitytostudyinthebrightandspaciousclassrooms.However，otherstakeitforgranted.7．Isuspecttheso-calledpoetofcopyingothers’poemsbutIhavenosolidevidence.8．Inspiteoftheicycoldweather，mymotheristhefirsttoget(get)uptopreparebreakfast.9．Thescholar，whoissaidtohavegraduated(graduate)fromCambridgeUniversity，willgiveusalectureaboutEnglishpoetry.10．Ithinkthereisagoodreasonforherabsenceassherarely(rare)staysawayfromworkwithoutapproval.隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，克隆技術(shù)的發(fā)展已經(jīng)引起了人們極大的關(guān)注。人們對(duì)這個(gè)問題的看法也各不相同。請(qǐng)寫一篇文章介紹人們對(duì)克隆技術(shù)的不同觀點(diǎn)，并表明自己的立場(chǎng)。完成句子1．眾所周知，科學(xué)家們?cè)诳寺〖夹g(shù)方面取得了巨大的進(jìn)步，這引發(fā)了關(guān)于克隆是福還是禍的激烈爭(zhēng)論。(Itisknownthat...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．一些人支持克隆，說它可以帶來醫(yī)學(xué)進(jìn)步，幫助世界各地瀕危甚至滅絕物種的繁殖。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．但另一方面，許多人強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)。(beopposedto)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．他們懷疑那些支持克隆的人在道德上是錯(cuò)誤的，會(huì)給我們?nèi)祟悗砺闊?suspectthat...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．就我而言，我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，我們一方面應(yīng)該促進(jìn)其發(fā)展，另一方面應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對(duì)克隆技術(shù)的管理。(insist引導(dǎo)賓語從句)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．只有當(dāng)我們?cè)谶@個(gè)微妙的問題上表現(xiàn)出極大的謹(jǐn)慎，我們才能從克隆中受益匪淺。(“only＋狀語從句”位于句首引起的部分倒裝)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________組句成篇把以上句子用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡詞語和過渡句組成一篇80詞左右的短文。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________參考范文Itisknownthatscientistshavemadegreatprogressincloningtechnology，whichhasbroughtaboutaheateddebateoverwhethercloningisablessingoracurse.Somepeoplesupportcloning，sayingitcanbringmedicalprogressandhelpthereproductionofendangeredandevenextinctspeciesaroundtheworld.Butontheotherhand，manypeoplearestronglyopposedtoit.Theysuspectthatthosewhosupportcloningaremorallywrongandwouldbringtroubletoushumans.Asforme，Iinsistthatontheonehand，weshouldpromoteitsdevelopment，andontheotherhand，weshouldstrengthenthemanagementofcloningtechnology.Onlywhenweshowgreatcautiononthisdelicateissuecanwebenefitgreatlyfromcloning.教材語料整合亮詞[情感描寫]emotion；ethical；inferior；blessing；nerve；opposed；depressing[動(dòng)作描寫]justify；infer；calculate；innovate；abuse；locate；classi