專題40 閱讀理解之推理判斷題（講案）解析版

1/30高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)清單專題40閱讀理解之推理判斷題（講案）解析版（快問快答+思維導(dǎo)圖+考法點(diǎn)撥+真題再練+名校模擬）目錄一、閱讀理解推理判斷題快問快答P1二、閱讀理解推理判斷題高考考情P2三、閱讀理解推理判斷題命題特點(diǎn)P2四、閱讀理解推理判斷題思維導(dǎo)圖P3五、閱讀理解推理判斷題考法點(diǎn)撥P4考法一：態(tài)度推斷題P4考法二：預(yù)測(cè)下段題P5考法三：意圖推斷題P6考法四：文章出處題P7考法五：文體推斷題P10考法六：活動(dòng)評(píng)價(jià)題P14六、閱讀理解推理判斷題真題演練(10例)P15七、閱讀理解推理判斷題名校模擬(4篇)P20模擬一P20模擬二P21模擬三P24模擬四P26一、閱讀理解推理判斷題快問快答Q1：閱讀理解推理判斷題有什么特點(diǎn)？A1：推理判斷題屬于閱讀理解較難題型，每年必考，占3-6題，需要有較強(qiáng)的閱讀理解和做題技能。Q2：閱讀理解推理判斷題做題步驟如何？A2：一是“找詞”--先從題干中提取關(guān)鍵性(題眼)，二是“定位”--尋找與此關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的段落、語句做好標(biāo)記，三是“比對(duì)”--仔細(xì)比對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文中原句關(guān)系，確認(rèn)屬于哪一種推理判斷題，最后去偽存真確定答案。Q3：閱讀理解推理判斷題有哪些考查方法？A3：閱讀理解推理判斷題有六大考查方向：一是考查態(tài)度推斷，二是考查下段話題推斷，三是考查寫作意圖推斷，四是考查文章出處推斷，五是考查文體推斷，六是考查活動(dòng)評(píng)價(jià)推斷。Q4：如何提高閱讀理解推理判斷題正答率？A4：一要掌握閱讀理解推理判斷題命題規(guī)律和選項(xiàng)特征，二要不斷擴(kuò)大詞匯量，尤其是3500高考高頻詞匯，三要廣泛進(jìn)行閱讀實(shí)踐和專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練，積累推理判斷經(jīng)驗(yàn)，掌握推理判斷“源于文章，高于文章”這一要旨，摸索出一套行之有效的個(gè)性化做題模式，四要重視糾錯(cuò)，探尋錯(cuò)誤原因，防止出現(xiàn)類似錯(cuò)誤。二、閱讀理解推理判斷題高考考情推理判斷題是高考閱讀理解試題中的重要題型之一,包括推理和判斷兩個(gè)方面，是考生失分率較高的題型?？疾榭忌高^文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，對(duì)文章的細(xì)節(jié)、作者的態(tài)度、意圖作出正確推理判斷的能力。分析今年高考題可知，推斷題呈不斷上升的趨勢(shì)，且由過去簡(jiǎn)單的對(duì)號(hào)入座直接答題轉(zhuǎn)向通過語句的同義或反義詞及長難句來考查考生對(duì)語言的理解能力，難度比之前有所增加。2022-2024高考閱讀理解考點(diǎn)統(tǒng)計(jì)卷別細(xì)節(jié)理解題推理判斷題推理判斷題主旨大意題2024新課標(biāo)I卷91412024新課標(biāo)II卷91412023新課標(biāo)I卷61712023新課標(biāo)II卷61712022新課標(biāo)I卷82412022新課標(biāo)II卷82412024全國甲卷71612023全國甲卷81512023全國乙卷51812022全國甲卷81332022全國乙卷10131三、閱讀理解推理判斷題命題特點(diǎn)【設(shè)問特點(diǎn)】特殊疑問句形式:以when、where、what、which、who、why、how等疑問詞開頭引出的問題;通常涉及推斷作者態(tài)度、文章出處、文章類型、寫作意圖、下段話題等。35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps? （2024新課標(biāo)I卷，隱含含義題）35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext? （2024新課標(biāo)I卷，寫作意圖題）31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services? （2024全國甲卷，態(tài)度推斷題）26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?（2023新課標(biāo)I卷，人物評(píng)價(jià)題）31.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout? （2023全國乙卷，預(yù)測(cè)下段題）21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom? （2022新課標(biāo)I卷，文章出處題）29.HowdoesFranciscaThenexplainherfindingsinparagraph4?（2020浙江卷，寫作手法題）27.Whatisthetext? （2022全國乙卷，文體推斷題）【選項(xiàng)規(guī)律】正確選項(xiàng)特征同義替換對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行替換，成為正確選項(xiàng)正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。語言簡(jiǎn)化把原文中復(fù)雜的語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化，設(shè)置為答案。語態(tài)變化改變?cè)闹攸c(diǎn)詞性或語態(tài)，給考生制造了某些障礙。干擾選項(xiàng)特征張冠李戴為原文內(nèi)容，但與題目文不對(duì)題，不符合題目要求。偷梁換柱在意思上與原文非常相似但在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)上有變動(dòng)。正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。顛倒是非與原文意思大相徑庭或完全相反。無中生有符合常識(shí)但與原文不符或原文并未提及。擴(kuò)縮范圍以偏概全如：almost,all,nearly,never,completely等絕對(duì)詞與文章意義不符。四、閱讀理解推理判斷題思維導(dǎo)圖五、閱讀理解推理判斷題考法點(diǎn)撥考法一：態(tài)度推斷題解題步驟：第一步：結(jié)合題干定位原文一處或多處信息，圈劃留下做題痕跡。第二步：仔細(xì)梳理信息，注意同義替換，進(jìn)行信息融合概括提煉。第三步：留意積累表示肯定、否定、客觀等態(tài)度類高頻詞匯備用。第四步：利用“題干+原文+選項(xiàng)”三個(gè)對(duì)照，核實(shí)后確認(rèn)最佳答案。思維導(dǎo)圖：【調(diào)研01】(2024全國甲卷第31題)【原文】Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31.WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.【解析】推斷判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的““Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”(“醫(yī)生和他們的助手在這么小的空間里工作和生活，但仍然保持專注和非常關(guān)注，這給我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke說。這是許多農(nóng)村人獲得他們想要的治療的最好機(jī)會(huì)?！?”可知，Ducke對(duì)SaintLukas的服務(wù)持贊賞的態(tài)度，故選A。【調(diào)研02】(2023年新高考I卷第35題)【原文】Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。考法二：預(yù)測(cè)下段題解題步驟：1.從第一段入手。實(shí)用類說明文只要考生把握好第一段即主題段內(nèi)容,順藤摸瓜,即可推斷下段內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是主題段中尚未提及的內(nèi)容。2.從最后一段入手。有時(shí)候,作者在最后一段提到一個(gè)話題,但是沒有充分說明,因此需要在下一段就此問題深入分析、論述或討論。所以考生學(xué)會(huì)依據(jù)最后一段甚至最后一句話進(jìn)行推斷也不失為明智選擇?！菊{(diào)研03】(2023全國乙卷第33題)【原文】Accordingtoanewstudyfrommarketanalysts,1in5BritonssaythatwatchingcookeryprogrammesonTVhasencouragedthemtotrydifferentfood.Almostonethirdsaytheynowuseawidervarietyofingredients(配料)thantheyusedto,andjustunder1in4saytheynowbuybetterqualityingredientsthanbefore.OneinfouradultssaythatTVchefshavemadethemmuchmoreconfidentaboutexpandingtheircookeryknowledgeandskills,andyoungpeoplearealsogettingmoreinterestedincooking.TheUK’sobsession(癡迷)withfoodisreflectedthroughtelevisionscheduling.Cookeryshowsanddocumentariesaboutfoodarebroadcastmoreoftenthanbefore.WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.33.Whatmighttheauthorcontinuetalkingabout?A.Theartofcookinginothercountries. B.MalechefsonTVprogrammes.C.TablemannersintheUK. D.Studiesofbigeaters.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的最后一句“WithanincreasingnumberofmalechefsonTV,it’snolonger“uncool”forboystolikecooking.”（隨著電視上出現(xiàn)越來越多男性廚師，男孩子喜歡烹飪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下來，文章應(yīng)該具體介紹電視上的男性廚師，從而與上文形成語義連貫。故選B?！菊{(diào)研04】(2011安徽卷第63題)【原文】Formanycenturies,peopleusedwindmillstogrind(磨碎)wheatintoflourorpumpwaterfromdeepundergroundwhenelectricitywasdiscoveredinthe1ate1800s,peoplelivinginremoteareasbegantousethemtoproduceelectricity.Thisal1owedthemtopeopleinalmostall1areasoftheUnitedStates,windmillswererarelyused.Duringthecourse1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercoasts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.63.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Theadvantageofwindpower.B.Thedesignofwindpowerplants.C.Theworldwidemovementtosaveenergy.D.Theglobaltrendtowardsproducingpowerfromwind.【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Duringthecourse1970s,peoplestartedbecomingconcernedaboutthepollutionthatiscreatedwhencoalandgasareburnedtoproduceelectricity.Peoplealsorealizedthatthesupplyofcoalandgaswouldnotlastforever.Then,windwasrediscovered,thoughitmeanshighercoasts.Today,thereisaglobalmovementtosupplymoreandmoreofourelectricitythroughtheuseofwind.(在20世紀(jì)70年代，人們開始擔(dān)心煤炭和天然氣燃燒發(fā)電造成的污染。人們還意識(shí)到，煤炭和天然氣的供應(yīng)不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)下去。然后，風(fēng)能被重新發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管這意味著更高的成本。今天，全球正在進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，希望通過使用風(fēng)能提供越來越多的電力。)”可知，最后一段講述了二十世紀(jì)七十年代，人們更加注重環(huán)保，而且認(rèn)識(shí)到煤和氣的短缺；而盡管成本較高，但是風(fēng)能的特點(diǎn)是潔凈并豐富的。如今，全球范圍內(nèi)正在發(fā)起利用風(fēng)能發(fā)電的運(yùn)動(dòng)。因此推斷下一段將會(huì)講述全球利用風(fēng)能發(fā)電的情況。故選D項(xiàng)?？挤ㄈ阂鈭D推斷題解題步驟：第一步：結(jié)合題干定位原文一處或多處信息，圈劃留下做題痕跡。第二步：仔細(xì)梳理信息，注意同義替換，進(jìn)行信息融合概括提煉。第三步：利用“題干+原文+選項(xiàng)”三對(duì)照，核實(shí)后確認(rèn)最佳答案。思維導(dǎo)圖：【調(diào)研05】(2023新高考I卷第28題)【原文】Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills. B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems. D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.(這本書的目標(biāo)是為數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義辯護(hù)，包括詳細(xì)探索它的要求和為什么有效，然后如果你認(rèn)為它適合你，教你如何采用這種哲學(xué))”可知，這本書的目的是倡導(dǎo)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字生活方式。故選B。【調(diào)研06】(2023浙江1月卷第33題)【原文】“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).33.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影響”太陽能開發(fā)的實(shí)用方法，其重點(diǎn)是以對(duì)土地更友好的方式建立和運(yùn)營太陽能農(nóng)場(chǎng)。)”可知，InSPIRE采用友好的方式建立和運(yùn)營太陽能農(nóng)場(chǎng)，也就是使得太陽能農(nóng)場(chǎng)更加環(huán)保。故選C項(xiàng)?？挤ㄋ模和茢喑鎏庮}解題步驟：第一步：結(jié)合題干定位原文關(guān)鍵句、關(guān)鍵詞，圈劃留下做題痕跡第二步：仔細(xì)梳理信息，注意同義替換，進(jìn)行信息融合概括提煉第三步：利用“題干+原文+選項(xiàng)”三對(duì)照，核實(shí)后確認(rèn)最佳答案思維導(dǎo)圖：【調(diào)研07】(2023全國乙卷第35題)【原文】Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.…Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.35.Whichofthefollowingbooksisthetextmostlikelyselectedfrom?A.HowMapsTellStoriesoftheWorldB.AShortHistoryofAustraliaC.AHistoryoftheWorldin100ObjectsD.HowArtWorksTellStories【解析】推理判斷題。本文是一篇議論文。本文討論了僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史的局限性，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了將物品納入歷史敘事以更好地理解無文字社會(huì)的重要性。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.(如果你想講述整個(gè)世界的歷史，一段不以人類某一部分為特權(quán)的歷史，你不能僅僅通過文本來講述，因?yàn)槭澜缟现挥幸徊糠秩说臍v史曾經(jīng)被文字記錄過，而世界上大多數(shù)人，在大多數(shù)時(shí)間里，都沒有。)”結(jié)合最后一段的“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.(如果我們要找到對(duì)話的另一半，我們不僅要讀文本，還要讀物體。)”可知，本文講述僅僅依靠書面文本來講述世界歷史有局限性，想要更好的了解歷史就要將文本和物品結(jié)合在一起。從而推斷文章最有可能選自《100件物品中的世界史》。故選C。【調(diào)研08】(2022新高考I卷第21題)【原文】GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays(60%)Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%.GroupAssignments(30%)Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作業(yè))duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)…LateWork…21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.【解析】推理判斷題。本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法)”和Essays(60%)部分“Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeofforthiscourse(你的四篇主要文章將構(gòu)成本課程評(píng)分的主要部分)”可知，文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法，可得出本文是出自一個(gè)課程計(jì)劃。故選C?？挤ㄎ澹何捏w推斷題解題步驟：第一步：結(jié)合題干定位原文關(guān)鍵句、關(guān)鍵詞，圈劃留下做題痕跡第二步：仔細(xì)梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，進(jìn)行信息融合概括提煉第三步：利用“題干+原文+選項(xiàng)”三對(duì)照，核實(shí)后確認(rèn)最佳答案思維導(dǎo)圖：解題步驟：新聞報(bào)道類文章(anewsreport)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及人物、時(shí)政、教育、體育、科技等，突出新穎性、突發(fā)性和真實(shí)性。新聞呈“倒金字塔”結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段概括全文內(nèi)容，下面陳述細(xì)節(jié)。圖書評(píng)論類文章(abookreview)：書評(píng)、影評(píng)類文章涉及到作者介紹，內(nèi)容梗概、人物性格評(píng)論，寫作特色以及個(gè)人好惡等內(nèi)容?？破针s志類文章(asciencemagazine)：此類文章內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及到日常生活習(xí)慣、健康飲食、太空與海洋、創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明、計(jì)算機(jī)發(fā)展、人類未來、動(dòng)物世界等。其重點(diǎn)是普及科學(xué)知識(shí)，提高科學(xué)素養(yǎng)?！菊{(diào)研09】(2022浙江1月卷第26題)TheUnitedStatesrosetoglobalpoweronthestrengthofitstechnology,andthelifebloodthattechnologyhaslongbeenelectricity.Byprovidinglong-distancecommunicationandenergy,electricitycreatedthemodemworld.Yetproperlyunderstood,theageofelectricityismerelythesecondstageintheageofsteam,whichbeganacenturyearlier."Itiscuriousthatnoonehasputtogetherahistoryofboththesteamandelectricrevolutions."writesMauryKleininhisbookThePowerMakers,Steam,Electricity,andtheMenInventedModemAmerica.Klein,anotedhistorianoftechnology,spinsanarrativesolivelythatattimesitreadslikeanovel.Thestorybeginsinthelastyearsofthe18thcenturyinScotland,whereWattperfected"themachinethatchangedtheworld".Kleinwrites,"Americadidnotinventthesteamengine,butoncetheygraspeditspasswordstheyputittomoreusesthananyoneelse."Meanwhile,overthecourseof19thcentury,electricitywentfrommerecuriositytoabasicnecessity.Morseinventedacodeforsendingmessagesoveranelectromagneticcircuit.Bellthengavethetelegraphavoice.EdisonperfectedanincandescentbullsthatbroughtelectriclightintotheAmericanhome.Mostimportantly,Edisonrealizedthatsuccessdependedonmasselectrification,whichheshowedinNewYorkCity.WithhelpfromTesla,Westinghouse'sfirmdevelopedasystemusingalternatingcurrent,whichsoonbecamethemajorformsofpowerdelivery.Toframehisstory,KleincreatesthecharacterofNed,afictionalwitnesstotheprogressbroughtaboutbythesteamsandelectricrevolutionsinAmericaduringoneman'slifetime.It'satechniquethathelpsturnalongnarrativeintoaninterestingone.26.Whatisthetext?A.Abiography. B.Abookreview. C.Ashortstory.D.Asciencereport.26.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thestorybeginsinthelastyearsofthe18thcenturyinScotland”（這個(gè)故事開始于蘇格蘭18世紀(jì)最后幾年）可知，這篇文章是一篇小故事。故選C。【調(diào)研10】（2022全國乙卷C篇）In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff’sgranddaughter.Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.InWickenden’sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirls’decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅(jiān)忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:“Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.”24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?A.Toteachinaschool. B.TostudyAmericanhistory.C.Towriteabook. D.Todosightseeing.25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect. B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids. D.Theysufferedseverehardships.26.WhichpartofWickenden’swritingishair-raising?A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn. B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies. D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.27.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview. C.Achildren’sstory. D.Adiaryentry.24-27ADCB【解題導(dǎo)語】這是一篇書評(píng)。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。24.A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.(1916年，來自紐約奧本市的兩個(gè)富裕家庭的女孩——DorothyWoodruff和RosamondUnderwood——來到落基山脈的一個(gè)定居點(diǎn)，在一間只有一個(gè)房間的學(xué)校教書。)”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書。故選A。25.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.(他們和一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)丶彝?，哈里森一家一起搬進(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時(shí)被子上覆蓋著一層雪。)”以及“Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。)”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D。26.C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故選C。27.B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy’sreturntoAuburn.(這本書以Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。)”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.(Wickenden是個(gè)很好的講故事的人。大地的遼闊和人們的堅(jiān)忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。)”可知，本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，所以文本是一篇書評(píng)。故選B。考法六：活動(dòng)評(píng)價(jià)題解題步驟：第一步：結(jié)合題干定位原文關(guān)鍵句、關(guān)鍵詞，圈劃留下做題痕跡第二步：仔細(xì)梳理信息，特別關(guān)注形容詞感情色彩進(jìn)行概括提煉第三步：利用“題干+原文+選項(xiàng)”三對(duì)照，核實(shí)后確認(rèn)最佳答案【調(diào)研11】（2023新高考II卷第26題）Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”26.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheimpactoftheprogram?A.Far-reaching.影響深遠(yuǎn)的 B.Predictable.可預(yù)測(cè)的C.Short-lived.短暫的 D.Unidentifiable.難以確認(rèn)的26.推理判斷題。本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了AbbyJaramillo等老師在低收入學(xué)校發(fā)起的培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)能力，環(huán)保意識(shí)以及健康生活方式的UrbanSprouts花園項(xiàng)目，讓學(xué)生通過體驗(yàn)鄉(xiāng)村生活，對(duì)學(xué)生影響深遠(yuǎn)。根據(jù)最后一段“Sheaddsthattheprogram’sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthattheybringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.“Theygetoutside,”shesays,“andtheyfeelsuccessful.”(她補(bǔ)充說，該計(jì)劃的好處不僅僅是營養(yǎng)。有些學(xué)生對(duì)園藝非常感興趣，他們帶回家種子開始自己的菜園。此外，在花園里工作似乎對(duì)Jaramillo的特殊教育學(xué)生有鎮(zhèn)靜作用，他們中的許多人都有情緒控制問題。“他們走了出去，”她說，“他們覺得成功?！?”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不僅給學(xué)生提供了有營養(yǎng)的食物，而且許多學(xué)生回家開創(chuàng)了自己的菜園，對(duì)有情緒控制問題的學(xué)生也起到了鎮(zhèn)靜作用，從而推知，該項(xiàng)目的影響是深遠(yuǎn)的。故選A。【調(diào)研12】（2023全國乙卷第27題）OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.27.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.27.推理判斷題。本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為一名風(fēng)景攝影師，在攝影途中發(fā)生的一些所見所聞。通過文章最后一段“Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.(盡管如此，回顧這些照片，它們?nèi)匀皇俏易詈玫囊恍┱掌?，盡管如果我能明智地準(zhǔn)備和管理我的時(shí)間，它們本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為自己在魔鬼湖拍攝的照片是令人滿意的。故選B。六、閱讀理解推理判斷題真題演練【演練01】（2024新課標(biāo)I卷第27題）Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber’spoint. B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians. D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.(法伯確信，隨著時(shí)間的推移，綜合療法會(huì)越來越受歡迎，如果過去有任何跡象的話，他可能是對(duì)的:自1982年以來，美國綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)。)”可知，法伯認(rèn)為綜合療法會(huì)越來越受歡迎，隨后作者列舉了美國綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)的例子，因此推斷美國整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)是為證明法伯的觀點(diǎn)。故選A?！狙菥?2】（2024新課標(biāo)I卷第27題）Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.(數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中無法獲得的資源時(shí)。然而，為了在需要精神集中和反思的情況下最大限度地學(xué)習(xí)，教育工作者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的，即使它們包含相同的單詞)”可知，盡管數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻在教育中有一定作用，但當(dāng)需要精神集中和反思以最大化學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，教育者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的，即使它們包含相同的單詞。這表明作者認(rèn)為紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的重要性。故選C項(xiàng)?！狙菥?3】（2024新課標(biāo)I卷第35題）Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces–andevenspecies–thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”35.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas. B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers. D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.(生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序可以使用我們的研究結(jié)果來告知用戶樣本過多的地區(qū)，并將他們引導(dǎo)到樣本不足的地方，甚至是物種。為了提高觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量，生物多樣性應(yīng)用程序還可以鼓勵(lì)用戶讓專家確認(rèn)他們上傳的圖像的身份。)”可知，Daru建議生物多樣性應(yīng)用應(yīng)該給公民科學(xué)家提供指導(dǎo)。故選D?！狙菥?4】（2024新課標(biāo)II卷第24題）Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes,weallhaveourphones,butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well,there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea,atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(檢票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”24.WhydidBARTstartthekioskprogram?A.Topromotethelocalculture. B.Todiscouragephoneuse.C.Tomeetpassengers’needs. D.Toreduceitsrunningcosts.24.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Youenterthefaregates(檢票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatislitupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute,athree-minute,orafive-minutestory,”saysAliciaTrost,thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit-knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”(舊金山灣區(qū)捷運(yùn)系統(tǒng)（BART）首席通訊官AliciaTrost表示：“你進(jìn)入檢票口，會(huì)看到一個(gè)亮著燈的信息亭，它告訴你可以得到一分鐘、三分鐘或五分鐘的報(bào)道。你可以選擇你想要的長度，它會(huì)給你一個(gè)類似收據(jù)的短篇故事?！?”可知，BART啟動(dòng)信息亭是為了滿足乘客在乘車過程中的閱讀需求，為他們提供不同長度的短篇故事或詩歌來打發(fā)時(shí)間。故選C項(xiàng)?！狙菥?5】（2024新課標(biāo)II卷第30題）BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,